Plato Essay Examples to Help You Find Inspiration

Plato described the cosmos as being created by the Craftsman as a living entity with a soul. Since it is a creation it has attributes that all living things share. The cosmos is also separated into two realms, the physical and the eternal. The physical world is one the is ever adapting in both a negative and positive manner and will at some point cease to exist. The eternal is stagnant and without change because it is ruled by reason (Plato, & Jowett 1990). The universe is both physical and eternal because the universe changes and the change must be ...

The Cave

Plato’s The Cave is an allegorical story which Socrates was telling one of his followers Glaucon to explain to him the difference between a philosopher who seeks wisdom and others who aim to remain in ignorance. In the story, Socrates tells of a group of people who have been chained facing an empty wall their entire lives. They are unable to look anywhere, except the wall. Right behind them is an assembly line of items that are constantly going by which are reflected onto the wall by the light which comes from the fire that is behind the ...

In 399 BC, one of the greatest ancient thinkers, Socrates, faced the trial upon the accusations of his corrupting influence on the Athenian youth, rejection of gods recognized by the Athenian state and invention of new gods. In the course of the trial, the philosopher was given an opportunity to defend himself, and his speech interpreted by Plato under the title Apology has survived until nowadays as a prominent example of rhetoric and argumentation. Socrates moves from explanations of his actions to critique of the values and misconceptions of his accusers (particularly, Meletus). Although one would expect a person ...

In the modern world, the term “The Good life” is usually defined in a variety of ways by different people as every individual has his or her own perspective on what the term is all about. Basically, “The Good Life” can be termed as a desirable state of life that is predominantly characterized by high living standards or rather adherence to moral as well as ethical laws. “The Good Life” is an important issue to the society due to the fact that it involves individual’s lives which are not wasted with what can be regarded as mundane activities ...

Introduction

Plato is one of the most influential philosophers in western philosophy. His main contribution in philosophical thought is the theory of ideas, also dubbed by many critiques as “Plato’s Idealism” (Nellickappilly 1). Upon careful analysis of Plato’s idealism, it is inferred that while it has many flaws, it still contributed significantly to the development of human knowledge and philosophical thought.

Strengths and Weaknesses

When it comes to flaws or weaknesses, diverse critiques point out that Plato’s idealism is not logical and is hard to understand. In order to understand these criticisms it is first essential to understand what this ...

Plato held the belief, illustrated by his use of the analogy of the Cave, that we live in a world of illusions, with the true forms of the everyday objects which surround us being shrouded behind said illusions. According to his own philosophy, every object or concept (such as beauty or goodness) has a truth behind it; one which is perfect in every way. Furthering this idea, Plato believed that behind the world of illusions we live in which clouds our ability to see the true world, is a world which is populated by all those perfect forms of ...

When it comes to the term coercion, there are usually negative connotations mentioned and covered. Indeed, to coerce someone is to be perhaps punitive and harsh when it comes to leveraging someone to comply with a preference or directive. However, there are some areas of concern and discussion where the usual shades of black and white when it comes to coercion instead fade to shades of gray. For example, if a person charged with a crime is clearly guilty but is not pleading to that effect, they can be offered a plea deal or told that the death penalty ...

Does the Theory of the Tripartite Soul Give Us Good Reason to be Just?

Introduction The well-known philosopher of Ancient Greece, Plato, presented the theory of the tripartite soul. However, the ideas, which consider the components of the soul to depend on the social system or have an impact on the human behavior, can as well belong to another genius of the same time, Socrates. Plato and Socrates, as two of the most prominent minds of the ancient times, questioned the features of the human personality under the terms of the natural instincts and the characteristics, which all people get with birth. In fact, all the thoughts of these two masters stand on ...

Dr. Elizabeth Sikes

UCOR-2500-13 Close Reading of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave “There would, therefore,” I said, “be an art of this turning around, concerned with the way in which this power can most easily and efficiently be turned around, not an art of producing sight in it. Rather, this art takes as given that sight is there, but not rightly turned nor looking at what it ought to look at, and accomplishes this object” (Republic 518D-E). The foregoing quote in the Allegory of the Cave provides insight into the importance of proper education and balanced teachings that would enable people ...

Responses

In Book VII of The Republic, now remembered as Plato’s greatest work, he talks of the benefits of an education and especially for those who are to govern a state. In this book, he relates most people to prisoners in a cave whose hands and legs are fettered. There’s no question that since they have been imprisoned in that cave since childhood, this is their interpretation of ‘reality’ and life which is not true if they get a chance to see the sun in broad daylight and in all its glory. Being able to see the light ...

According to an American philosopher named Paul Elmer More, a just society is when “justice is ‘the inner state ofsoulundercommand ofwill to righteousnessreason guidesdesires obey’” (Rawls 1972). In other words, More is echoing Plato in the sense that justice has to be for the betterment of the soul by one seeking out what is right whether or not it coincides with their own personal desires. While this ideology is admirable, however, it has yet to be realized in this modern world as many people appear to care more about what they want regardless of the negative consequences their actions ...

Alcibiades, a young man who wants to enter politics, enters a dialogue with Socrates about the qualities of a good political leader. While he believes that his education and experiential knowledge are enough to make him a good politician, Socrates proves to him that he needs to learn about the true meaning of abstract and controversial concepts, such as justice or goodness before being able to counsel others about it. In particular, Socrates shows young Alcibiades that he does not have self-knowledge and persuades Alcibiades that a man who wants to enter politics first needs sufficient self- knowledge in ...

I. Introduction- The Life of Socrates (Perdue, 2014)

Overview of the Hierarchy- A brief overview of who mentored whom, and their greatest contribution to the study of Philosophy.

Brief biography of Socrates- An overview of some of the most significant information about the life of Socrates. II. Body- The Apology of Socrates (Plato) The Accusation and the Accusers (17a to 19a)– Narrates the accusation against Socrates, and how he addressed these accusations. He also recognized the difficulty of convincing the youth of his innocence. The Oracle at Delphi (19a to 24e0- Socrates addressed his Meletus, and his accusation about his misuse of his wisdom. As he tried to disprove the oracle in Delphi, he then proved that it is ...

Euthyphro

. The argument in Euthyphro sounds in line 5 section 7 as follows: «what is dear to the gods is pious, what is not is impious.» . Euthyphro consists of a dialogue between Socrates and EuthyphroEuthyphro argues that the pious was what he was doing then, to prosecute the wrongdoer. Socrates has opposite position and supposes that what is loved by the gods is also hated by them. Socrates is arguing against prosecuting Euthyphro’s father for murder. Socrates concludes that people recognize that the pious is loved because it is pious, not pious because it is loved. On the other ...

Because Plato valued reason and logic above anything else, he would have much to say about the sentence reporting that Louise showed “not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought” (Chopin). Plato would probably criticize the author who happened not only to come up with the idea that a human being could cease having accurate and objective understanding of what was going around but also offered this idea to the potential readership. So the sentence under discussion shows underestimation of the crucial importance of understanding the reality properly. Plato would surely state ...

The theme of a ‘utopia’ – a place which is normally defined as the ideal state or place to live, is something which has captured the minds of writers and philosophers for centuries. The word ‘utopia’ itself is something of a word-play – in Greek, the word as sounded could mean either ευ-τοπος (good-place) or ου-τοπος (no-place), and the debate over which interpretation is correct is something which has lasted for almost as long as the concept of utopia itself! Plato’s Republic is a book which delineates in fine detail the republic that Plato has envisaged for his countrymen, detailing ...

Immigration Reform in the U.S.: A View Through the

Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility Immigration Reform in the U.S.: A View Through the

Introduction

The United States of America, a country so poetically nicknamed to be “a melting pot” of cultures, has always been a more than desirable destination for the immigrants from all over the world. However, as the “times of economic uncertainty and social transformation have complicated American ideas about national and racial identity and have raised moral dilemmas concerning America’s obligations to immigrants from neighboring countries” (Duncan, 2007), the current U.S. immigration policy has started ...

Cosimo di Giovanni de Medici was given the title Pater Patriae of Italy at his death and was also known as the primus inter pares. He was the founder of the Medici dynasty, who were during the Renaissance the de facto rulers of Florence. Even though Cosimo Medici was a powerful man, he was not an official ruler. Medici’s government also consisted of a council who would many times resist the laws that Medici put forth. This paper will look at the accomplishments of Cosimo di Medici. Cosimo di Medici was born on the 10th of April, 1389 ...

Justice is something which underlies our own society – without it, indeed, some people posit that there can be no such thing as society. While many people state that justice is the same thing as the law, with Plato being the most visible proponent of this theory, others, such as Socrates, hold the two to be very different things. As we shall see below, while Socrates and Plato disagree on whether or not justice and law are the same, they both agree when it comes to addressing the role that justice takes in internal adherence to the values of the ...

In Plato's "Apology", Socrates' series of dialogues in the period preceding, during, and after his trial provide an insight into his mastery of rhetoric. That is especially true given his ability to arrange his arguments in a judicious manner. While not overly successful in persuading the jury, the final judgment appears to be as a result of bias and prejudice rather than having a weak argument in the various passages of the "Apology." Socrates makes a persuasive claim that it is not possible to separate wisdom from moral virtue. Therefore, by being a man of wisdom, he could not ...

II. Short Answer Questions Answer each of the following 4 questions with a 3-5 sentence paragraph. Write legibly and in full sentences. You may write on the back of the sheet. (12 points each: 48 total) 1. What philosopher used the idea of Tetrapharmakon? What does this word mean? What is the purpose of this teaching? List and describe the different parts of this idea. It was philosopher Philodemus who first used the idea of Tetrapharmakon. The word Tetrapharmakon means the Four Cures, which are the summary of the four basic doctrines: - Do not fear the god - ...

Western culture and Chinese cultures today have various similarities and differences. They developed almost independently of each other due to geographical circumstances and other geopolitical factors. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and review the similarities and differences between Western culture and Chinese culture.

Background of Comparisons

Western culture is fundamentally Eurocentric culture. It refers to the kind of culture that is prevalent in Europe, Latin America, North America and some Eurocentric societies around the world. However, up till about 500 years ago, European culture was developed and flourished in Western Europe. Chinese culture on the other hand seem to ...

Ethics is the philosophical study of morality. If a person begins with a description and proceeds directly to a normative (moral) judgment, what fallacy has one committed? Use your critical thinking skills to determine how a person would create a valid argument about morality (hint: it has to do with premises)—that is, an argument that does not commit this type of fallacy. Explain the notion of just deserts. Under what kinds of conditions is this notion reasonable? Under what kinds of conditions is it not? That is, explain and discuss the applicability of the notion of just deserts.

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“Over the past three decades, a new current of ‘combative Islam' has appeared and grown rapidly, and is attempting to gain control of the Islamic world”

Nabil Nofal

The Islam was considered as comparatively young religion and it had about one billion followers making it the largest religion in the world. The word Islam is Arabic and means submission, i. e. to submit to God’s will. It is a monotheistic religion, and its adherents are called Muslims. It is interesting that Muslims recognize several Judeo-Christian prophets from early times like Moses and Jesus and they believe that they are also ...

Philosophy of the Enlightenment. The Ideas of Francis Bacon and their comparison to those of René Descartes. Francis Bacon is considered to be the major prophet of the Scientific Revolution. At the age of twelve Bacon went to study at He went to Trinity College, Cambridge at the age of twelve, got a lawyer education later on. He proceeded to a political career hoping to advance his ideas. He was a member of the House of Commons and knighted during the reign of King James I, although during that of Queen Elizabeth he was neglected by her. Bacon was ...

Immigration Reform in the U.S.: A View Through the

Immigration Reform in the U.S.: A View Through the

Introduction

The United States of America, a country so poetically nicknamed to be “a melting pot” of cultures, has always been a more than desirable destination for the immigrants from all over the world. However, as the” times of economic uncertainty and social transformation have complicated American ideas about national and racial identity and have raised moral dilemmas concerning America’s obligations to immigrants from neighboring countries” (Duncan, 2007), the current U.S. immigration policy has started to age and cause concerns. Old ...

Before arriving at the final definition of Justice, in Book I and II, Plato argues, against the other participants in the discussion, that paying debts and speaking the truth is not enough to define justice (90). Indeed, he defends that justice is more useful than anything else (92. After agreeing that Justice is wisdom and virtue, and that injustice is a vice and ignorance (121), he continues to explain that the state cannot be exercise unless it is done with justice (122). He says that justice is a virtue of the soul, and on the contrary, injustice a defect ...

The topic of Piety has been best discussed and covered by Plato in the dialogue between Socrates and Euthyphro. The two speakers engage in a verbal discussion on the applicability as well as the meaning of the word Piety. This essay will start out with a brief overview of the dialogue and will proceed to critically examine the concepts discussed between Euthyphro and Socrates. Lastly, the essay would also briefly discuss Plato’s view from my own viewpoint, while also examining my own notions of Piety.

Overview

The story starts out as a dialogue between Plato and Euthyphro. While Plato ...

Socrates sets off his apology by accusing his accusers of lying about him. He holds that the accusations levelled against him have almost made him forget who he really is. He persuades the crowd to look deeper into the accusations levelled against him and to listen to that he has to say. Socrates begins by addressing the first lot of his accusers. He believes that he knows why there is so much enmity levelled against him. The main reason why Socrates is hated by the young and old is that he is wise and believed so ("The Apology Of ...

Introduction

The notion of "nothing" is one of the most important and controversial concepts in the history of humankind. Its etymology is quite interesting for the consideration, as it can discover many different mysteries associated with the most important knowledge. In addition, the perception of this idea may be absolutely controversial, if one talks about it in the framework of religion and philosophy of the Western and the Eastern worlds. Nothing is everything, and at the same time, it is a lack of everything. This notion has a negative connotation; it denies everything to what it is opposed; moreover, it ...

Aesthetics refers to the philosophical comprehension of taste and beauty, especially in relation to the perception and interpretation of appearance. In most instances, people look critically at the appearance of others to judge them, and it affects more than the persons in question. Since time immemorial, women have always put their best feet forward to look beautiful and achieve somehow a “perfect look”. All the same, the concept of beauty has always been misconstrued and many times people tend to look at the outward appearance of clothing, and physical appearance to rate the beauty of a person rather than ...

A. Select a leader who you feel has exhibited exemplary ethical conduct and do the following:

1. Discuss at least two ethical traits that the leader demonstrated. A good example of an individual that exhibited ethical leadership is Sallie Krawcheck. Krawcheck is the current CEO and Co-Founder of Ellevest, and Chair of the Ellevate Network. Her previous employment include head of Bank of America’s investment banking division, CEO of Merrill Lynch’s wealth management division, and CEO of the Wall Street research company Sanford C. Bernstein & Co.. In an industry wherein fraud and dishonesty are rampant, Sallie Krawcheck’s ethical leadership was exemplary. As observed by Fortune Magazine columnists, the quest for an honest ...

The Enlightenment period also referred to as the Age of Reason is used to describe the time in history began with the end of Thirty Years War and to the end of the French Revolution. This period marked a significant radical shift in the government, culture, and politics. The period embraced some philosophies to think as well as explore the world (Best 30).. In global enlightened thinkers were considered to think objectively without prejudice. The period was marked by rationalism, reasoning, and empiricism. The argument was advocated as a means of establishing reliable systems of government, religion, and ...

Introduction

Socrates is considered one of the greatest philosophers in the history of Western Europe. Virtually every person that goes through the education system must come across his name, his works, or his demise story. Greek official had previously put Socrates in jail for the charges of ‘corrupting the mind' of the Athens' youth. In the eyes of the wealthy and the influential, Socrates was making a fool of them by empowering the young people with new information about the society and its leadership among other things. When put to jail, he was scheduled for death in a few days, ...

BODY AND SOUL RELATIONSHIP FROM GREAT THINKERS

Body and Soul relationship The relationship between body and soul has been the main concern for many thinkers since the beginning of the history of philosophy. In this paper, we will be exploring this relationship from the perspective of three great thinkers: Plato, Aristotle, and Saint Agustin. They were all interested in this relationship, and as they do have common views, they also differ in many areas. The main concern that these three thinkers have is that the humans are made of both body and soul. They can see and touch the body, but they cannot touch the soul. ...

Organizations that behave ethically are more apt to earn the trust of their customers, employees, and stockholders and to have a reputation as successful, competent and responsible professionals. It is important that organizations follow strict guidelines aimed high standards of quality, reliable services, high professionalism, social responsibility and ethical behaviour it their activity – only that way they can bring benefits to their clients, staff members and shareholders. The main ethical principles that each organization must follow in its activity are decency (avoidance of illegal and unethical practices), honesty (the urge to be honest with themselves, team members, customers and ...

(Student’s Full Name)

“At his best, man is the noblest of all animals; separated from law and justice he is worst”—Aristotle The above statement made by Aristotle emphasizes the significance of law and justice in not only maintaining order, but also help to affirm the nobility and distinction of human beings. In Thrasymachus’s account of justice, the philosopher presents his argument that different individuals and different states perceive the concept of justice differently. For the purposes of this essay, I will be focusing on 377a and 344e, while paying special attention to 338d-339a, 338a-339d, and 343b-344c. ...

The Divine Command theory also known as Theological Voluntarism is a theory that holds the view that morality is dependent on the commands of God and that moral obligations mean obedience to God’s Word (Divine Command). In other words, for an action to be considered morally right, it must be in line with the commands of God or the character of God. The viewpoint of these commands is not static and as such is different from one religion to another. Philosophers hold different opinions on this theory; as a result, it has been defended by some and opposed ...

VOICES OF THE UNDERREPRESENTED IN ANCIENT ATHENS:

Voices of the Underrepresented in Ancient Athens: Women Ancient Athens was the center of the Ancient Greece and the marvelous and outstanding city that brought us democracy and important values of Western Civilization. Nowadays, due to works of famous Greek scholars and writers, we have enough information about how the Athens’ government was organized and who were the main rulers of the city, and we know that such social groups as metics, slaves, children, and women were underrepresented there. The aim of this paper is to study the role of women in Ancient Athens and the views Athenians had ...

In the middle of all the Socratic philosophizing there are questions about moral virtues, qualities, knowledge and wisdom of the person. In essence the teachings of Socrates are the philosophy of morality and ethics. Moral and ethical meaning of human search for truth and the acquisition of knowledge is predetermined by the fact that the sources, wisdom, and morality, according to Socrates, connected with the gods. A measure of human true virtue is a measure of his initiation to the divine wisdom, and knowledge of the process acquires the character of moral action. The path of knowledge is his ...

One of the most common characteristics of human societies is that they have established a distinct separation between what is good and what is bad. Nevertheless, throughout the different cultures, people have come to various conclusions as to what these entail. It is then logical to ask for the basis of morality, the main issue at stake in one of Plato’s great dialogues, Euthyphro. The two people that interact are Socrates and the eponymous character, the latter of which claims to know about morality. Nevertheless, by employing his maieutic, Socrates leads Euthyphro to make two arguments, neither of ...

Abstract

Human mind was always a mystery to humanity. Many thinkers and philosophers tried to solve its puzzles. Plato and Descartes are the philosophers who offer a comprehensive and well-known accounts of human mind and learning process. While both of them value the mind and wisdom the most, Plato considers contact with another very helpful in the process of learning while Descartes does not share his position. Plato's position is explained through his description of the ascent to light in the allegory of the cave while Descartes view is shown from his conclusions about mind and body from the Second ...

The Apology chronicles a speech given by Socrates in response to charges brought against him in Athens Greece. Socrates was brought to trial around 399 BC for a myriad of charges. This hearing was recorded by his student Plato and is believed to be the most accurate, even though Xenophon's Memorabilia gives an account of the proceedings. The modern day connotation of the word apology, derived from the Greek word apologia is defined as “a regretful acknowledgement of an offence or failure” (Oxford Dictionaries). Where this definition is concerned, and with careful analysis, one cannot refer to this hearing ...

Abstract

While power is a secular affair these days, ethics and moral with their connection to religion seem related to what refers to activities associated with the governance of people and territories. Of course, neither of the two provides a comprehensive view of the complex notion of politics, yet both complement the concept with precious meaning. Thus, moral adds an important dimension revealing domestic politics as a set of activities prioritizing social welfare. Furthermore, the perception of governance through the prism of virtuous leaders, as done by ethics scholars, such as al-Farabi, allows people to perceive politics as a unique ...

Step 1: Story of Race

The rationalization of non-European people and some European population, such as the Irish served a primary purpose of differentiating individuals within a population. Individuals within a group set are different from the others. Thus, the concept of rationalization acts as a tool to bring out the different categories that are present in our population. Eugenics was an idea suggested by Plato that was inclined towards the sustenance and uprising of superior human beings with regards to their genetic traits. Plato suggested the practice of selective mating. This is where individuals with superior characteristics would be paired, and sterilization of ...

Question. What is Thrasymachus's view of justice in Book I of the Republic? Explain the story of Gyges Ring. What is this story meant to establish? Do you think that Thrasymachus's view of justice is correct? Why or why not? Answer. Thrasymachus philosophy on justice was exactly opposite to that of Socrates’ position. Socrates believed that justice was the important good and all the just persons were good persons. Socrates view on justice considered it to be the strength of the society’s ethical foundations as it was meant to protect the interests for the common good of the ...

Raphael Sanzio was an Italian painter and architect who worked mainly in Florence and Rome during the period of High Renaissance (1483-1520). Raphael is known for his harmonic compositions, the detailed and carefully chosen movements of figures, and his ability to create paintings where the figures stand alone or as part of the whole (Gordon 52). In addition, Raphael was the master of foreshortening and perspective. Foreshortening means to adjust a figure to non-realistic proportions, so that figure gives the impression of being closer to the viewer. Perspective is a similar form of illustration where more distant objects are ...

Two of the figures in the painting include Plato’s and Aristotle’s images. Plato was a Greek Philosopher and his importance at the time was the contribution he made in the development of philosophy, western science and mathematics as a foundational figure (Steinkruger, 2014). He was chosen to be a part of the work in Sistine Chapel due to his philosophical views related to ideal government and societal ethics which are vital in religious teachings. Aristotle was also a Greek philosopher and his contribution included views on metaphysics that continues to impact Christian theology (Steinkruger, 2014). His image ...

Introduction.

The famous philosophers such as Polemarchus, Thrasymachus and Socrates occasionally met together to discuss such important matters concerning life. The subject concerning the exercise of justice and the consequences of being just or unjust is the subject matter of one such discussion as shown in this paper. The core values that accompany being just or unjust, such as happiness and sadness respectively. The self-justification involved when we do something that is unjust and yet continue in the same line and end up being the tyrants that we know today. How sure are we that we are making the right ...

Justice is one of the most complex ethical categories, affecting a wide scope of human relations. The content of this concept reflects the economic, political and legal conditions of social life and their development trends. Particular attention to consideration of justice was paid by Socrates, who called it the subject more precious than all the gold and sought to prove the existence of a single and common notion of justice, linking it with morality and knowledge. Injustice is unnatural, because it is the result of ignorance and delusion. Claiming connection between virtue and wisdom, praising the beauty of the ...

Bad Internet Philosophy Paper

Broad topic gives the opportunity to show the deep knowledge of the history of philosophy. But not many know how to express their opinion correctly, which further causes errors in their articles. I have reviewed a lot of articles and decided to choose one of them where I disagree with the author’s point of view. Answering the question the author argues that: One (but by no means the only) way of answering this question is to suggest that Socrates' ethical assertions are not really assertions of fact. They are maxims more than substantial claims, and cannot really be ...

RE: Memorandum of Justice

In The Republic, Plato engages in a dialogue with his teacher Socrates, and in their discussion, they raise the principle of justice and how it is defined. There are so many questions to ask like why should people be just? Socrates asks what justice is, and he tries to object or to show a sign of discontent but at the end of the discussion, he does not give a definition of his own. Book 1 opens when Socrates and Plato’s brother are returning home from a religious duty and meets Adeimantus who takes them to a house which ...

In the Euthyphro dialogue, Plato considers the question “what is piety?” (Grube, 1991). By so doing, he wants to establish whether piety is living as gods in Greek want or if what gods will and want good and pious. Plato observes that choosing any of the options is inconclusive since it ends up in a dilemma. According to Plato in this dialogue, piety can be defined as “that which is dear to the gods” or what the gods love (Grube, 1991). For the purposes of this paper, piety will be substituted for morality. This essay is a philosophical analysis ...

View of Justice

Thrasymachus believes that there is no justice in the society. He gives an allegory of a shepherd; why a shepherd looks after the cattle to ensure that they are fat. It is not that the shepherd cares about the cattle, but he does so for purposes of the masters and the people who eat meat. In the same vein, he argues that justice means differed things to different individuals. The perfect example of an unjust person to Thrasymachus is the tyrant because he uses “by stealth and force takes away what belongs to others, both what is sacred and ...

Section

All Sciences, whether Physical, Social, or a combination of the two (like Anthropology), are based on hypotheses and theories. Some of the unlikeliest scientific theories have arisen from hypotheses that were considered insane at one point. In the world of Anthropology, the situation is no different. At one point, any supposition that the earth had been formed over billions of years rather than created in a biblical manner was considered criminal. Governments were so thrown apart by statements like this that people were decried as heretics, beheaded or sent into exile. These scientists went against what was mainstream thinking ...

What is God? How do we understand God? Should we praise God? All these questions were being posed by humanity countless times throughout history. And there indeed always were more answer than questions. Some said that God is omnipotent, transcendent entity, others told that God is the reason for everything, the third suggested that God watches all of us, rewards the good and punishes the bad. And that is only a tiny bit of the explanations offered by different individuals, teaching, and religions. Indeed, such variety may be troublesome because it makes the task of deciding the true explanation. ...

Philosophy

Compare Views: Obligations of the Citizen

In his ‘letter from Birmingham Jail”, Martin Luther King wrote to eight white clergymen, addressing their disapproval over his nonviolent protests against racial inequality. Martin Luther King answered the charges of him being an outsider, by claiming that anything that happened anywhere in the United States affected everyone else, and that no one was an ‘outsider in the United States. King further addresses the clergymen’s opposition to the black demonstrations. King’s central idea regarding the obligations of the citizen is that it is the duty of the citizen to oppose all ...

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There is no denying the fact that Ancient Greek’s philosophers brought a lot of useful and sufficient ideas, thoughts, and decisions to the people’s society. Plato was one of the brightest mind of that time. His works inspire people from all over the world. Moreover, his scientific approach and writing manner help many students to understand the core of philosophy, the structure, and basics of our society. Therefore, in order to see and evaluate several important issues such as good and justice, the Plato’s Allegory of the Cave is presented in this paper. ...

Plato, who is a famous individual even today, came from a very good background of an Athenian Family. His family had very critical political connections. Socrates was the main person who was an influence on Plato’s life. The uncle to Plato named Charmides knew Socrates very well, and he might have been the one who introduced Plato to him (Socrates). More essentially, Socrates was always observed in action by Plato. It was very risky to spend time with Socrates because he used to offend those that had a desire to be elite members. In addition, he used to ...

The ASIMO’s concept of a chair is not an instance of Searle’s original intentionality. In this context, intentionality can be translated roughly to mean representation. According to Searle, it is not right to say that a machine can think by virtue of running programs. in such instances, the intentionality that is characteristic of these programs comes from the original intention of the interrogator and the programmer. These two people are outside the machine. Thus, the machine is not making judgments based on thoughts. Rather, it is just giving specific answers to the specific questions based on the ...