Essays on Policymaking

Annotated Bibliography4

Introduction5 Literature Review..6 Conclusion....11 References..12 Abstract Negative (opposing or intimidating) events arouse robust and speedy physiological, rational, emotive, and social reactions. This organization of the organism is accompanied by physical, cognitive, and interactive results that diminish, lessen, and even wipe out the influence of that incident. This array of mobilization-minimization seems to be bigger for undesirable events than for unbiased or positive happenings. Hypothetical explanations of this response form are reviewed in this paper. Further, it will give a verdict on whether negative bias has been helpful or harmful to the process of human evolution. It is established that ...

Agenda itself is an integral part of the mundane routine. All people choose the priorities and organize their daily actions in accordance with them. This means that agenda setting even in personal space has a significant impact on the human life. When talking about the wider scale, agenda setting can influence the course of events in the whole world. Agenda setting is the term mainly used in the field of mass media and policy making. In the first case, a properly organized list of important pieces of news in an average newspaper or TV-show can create some special perception ...

Introduction

The majority of today’s economic commentators and politicians are opined that capitalism is the best way to build a perfect society. Furthermore, several research studies demonstrated that this assumption is also deeply ingrained in the contemporary public opinion of many Americans, who strongly believe that the current system of income distribution is the shortest way to making the American, and, possibly, the international society completely egalitarian (Robibson & Santos 9). Many people from the developing countries believe that the American economic system provides is the best way to make it possible for everyone in the country, as well as ...

Introduction

The effects of child abuse are risk factors for later lifespan development. There are public policies in force about this issue. There are extreme risk factors associated with child abuse that may not be prevented by public policy. Both internalized and externalized problems that can result from child abuse often lead to overall adjustment issues (Leeson, 2011). Victims of child abuse often suffer an inability to accept their abuse, as well as having difficulties with transitioning through other life experience (Leeson, 2011). Intervention can also be harmful to child development. Ill-treatment and neglect is a public issue because children ...

In American politics, the association between Congress and the President has been, as one would expect where there is a division of powers, challenging. The Founding Fathers developed a system of checks and balances as the foundation on which the States ratified the American Constitution. As a result, and with one branch of the government writing laws and determining budgets that another branch has to execute and spend respectively, an inherent tension has defined the American government. Now, every President seeks to influence policies. After elections, a country’s President is at liberty to bring his or her goals ...

Introduction

In the lion share of cases the life perception, its values and strategy are determined for individual in one’s parent’s families. Thus, it is critically important to maximize the probability for each particular child for living with one’s parents, and address the existing pitfalls of the institute of family with corresponding policies. This paper would be dedicated to representation of the core aspects of the family policy -as an intentional course of action for minimization of the need of engagement the child protective services into the process of assistance of the children, who fall into the ...

Introduction

The policy making and its environment issue are central to the governance process especially in the interactional affinity between the ruler and the ruled. Therefore it has attracted the attention of the scholars as well as the practitioners within the scholarship and world of political science, administration, among other policy sciences (Anderson, 2015). However, there has been tremendous maturation in policy making and its environment over the years. The policy makers and the society have been analyzed within different polities in the global political community. This research examines the concept of public policy controversy by incorporating the role of ...

a. The concept of employee turnover among the providers of third party proposition services – literature review 5 b. Calculating employee turnover rate and its impact on business 6 c. Research questions 7 III. Evaluation of Canterbury Travels Survey Questionnaire 9 IV. Survey Plan for Evaluating the Causes of High Employee turnover rate and strategies development in hospitality 11

References 13

The Use of Qualitative Methods Providing third-party player proposition services is a dynamic, yet poorly researched segment of the hospitality business. In particular, the practice evinces that while there is abundant data about gambling, hotel or destination management in general, the ...

Influence of Internal and External Stakeholders

A political agenda is a set of policies and topics under discussion put forward by different political groups, and discussed by a governmental executive, or a government cabinet. Political parties shape and set political agenda when they want to promote its polices, obtain news coverage and increase the support. Nowadays every single day “people are affected, directly and indirectly, obviously and subtly, by an extensive array of public policies” (Anderson, 2015). Public police is a system of regulatory measures, laws, actions and funding priorities related to a certain topic declared and developed by governmental bodies and officials or its ...

1. Introduction Agriculture is an important area of policy development in the EU. There are 500 million people residing in the EU (European Commission, “Agriculture”). Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) expresses the EU’s agricultural strategies and plans for all member states. CAP is one of the oldest EU policies. Revision of the CAP occurs periodically to accommodate emerging issues affecting all member states or specific to one or some member states. Spain protects its interests as a major agricultural producer by influencing the EU’s agricultural policy. Agriculture is a key sector in Spain. The agricultural sector contributes 3.4% ...

Abstract

The Census Bureau of the United States is one of the key Federal Agencies that enhance activities of the government. The Census Bureau is mandated to perform different roles, mainly focusing on the collection of information used by development stakeholders including the government to formulate appropriate policies. The data collected by the Census Bureau also provides an overview of the overall development status of the United States. For instance, it depicts overall economic performance of the entire country or particular social challenges experienced by communities across the country. The roles of census bureau agencies have been appreciated by several ...

Introduction

Decision making in the United States is a very important task. This paper will answer question number five. The question asks to compare and contrast presidential and congressional decision making. Whether the decision is congressional or presidential, the right decision is essential for the betterment of the American people. Congress and the President both have decision-making powers; although they work in different capacities. Congressional decision-making is by far the most powerful. Presidential decision-making is powerful as well. According to Dean (2010), “nothing is more important in the American presidency than decision-making” (Dean, 2010). It must be noted that although ...

Analysis of Sustainability and its Attributes

Analysis of Sustainability and its Attributes Sustainability of a system is its ability to persist over time. Any system that fulfills the need of the present generation without compromising the needs of the future can be termed as a sustainable system. This definition of sustainable development, now commonly cited as a definition of sustainability as a whole, is derived from Brundtland definition which is widely cited as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Brundtland, G. H. 1987). The concept of sustainability is gaining the ...

CONTENTS CONTENTS 2

Preparing and Interpreting Statistical Reports 4

Well-Designed Statistical Reports 4 Considerations for a Report 4 Preparation: Background, Uses and Users 4 Structure 4 Language 4 Informative Titles or Headlines 5 Key messages 5 Context 5 Interpretation 5 Standards for Statistical Reports 5 Condensing Data 5 Stages 5 Measures of Central Tendency 6 Mean 6 Mode 6 Median 6 Measures of Spread or Variation 6 Standard Deviation 6 Variance 6 Presenting Information 6

Reference Tables 7

Charts 7 Bar Charts 7 Line Charts 7 Pie Charts 8 Population Pyramids 8 Scatter Plots 8 Maps 8 New and Other Ways of Visualization 8 Dynamic Visualizations 8 Animation ...

The United States of America presents a perfect example of a divided government. In such situations, the different political parties control different political branches in government (Bernecker, 2014). For instance, where the Democrats dominate Congress while Republicans control the presidency. Divided governments have now become the norm more than the exception. In most cases, the election system is designed to create such division in political power (Bernecker, 2014). The concept of divided government in the United States political system is derived from the separation of doctrine. The separation of powers between the different branches ensures independent responsibility that does not overlap ...

This paper concentrates on financial strategies and judges their prosperity focused around their effect on development and neediness decrease. The Millennium Development Goal of splitting compelling pay destitution by 2015 communicates the accord of the worldwide advancement group that neediness decrease is of overriding essentialness. There is likewise agreement that national neediness lessening methodologies and Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers specifically, are an essential vehicle for centering national arrangements on decreasing destitution. Underneath this obvious agreement, there are, be that as it may, huge contrasts.

Humorously, this is an ideological stance that neoliberals themselves ...

Introduction

The governments through its ministry, authority, agency or officials have fundamental roles in making authoritative decisions, adoptions, or course of actions to be pursued.

Government should be instrumental in recognizing the existence of health problems, conducting public awareness on the issue, studying the problem and its causes, deciding the parties to be involved in fixing the problem as health care services or operations at that particular time are scrutinized according to (Abood, S., 2007). Health problems may be health care coverage/delivery, funding, administration Medicare ethics, maternal and child health etc. Exploring the alternative plans of actions to solve the ...

1. The American Civil Rights Act amendment act of 1964 emphasized the role of quality education as key to the realization of the American dream. It is not by coincidence that the United States has achieved one of the highest levels of high school graduation rates in the developed world. The United States education system has not only been formidable in its focus on holistic education that includes pursuit of talents and academics at the same time, but has also received accolades for its universality. However, the education system has not escaped controversy regarding quality and mode of operandi. ...

- How the evolving technologies relate to national and international policymaking That national and international policy making being related to the evolving technological advancements is without doubt. From the olden times, it was evident that the law enforcement officers adapted the new technologies that were in existent to deter criminal activities. In the recent times, it would be next to impossible for the police officers to deter and prevent crimes without the application of the technological advancements most of which will be elaborated beneath. Bearing in mind that the national as well as international policy making process takes ...

When most Americans hear that the Supreme Court has utilized judicial review to strike down a federal legislation, they often understand the Court’s act as a nullification of the legislation. Simply put, the court has undone the work of the congress and ended the life of the statute. The other branches of the federal government are elected by the Americans and are entrusted with the responsibility of making laws. Nevertheless, the reality is that judicial review does not usually end the life of the statute, but offers an exemplary opportunity for the congress to review the legislation and incorporate or ...

Annotated bibliography

Bodden, V. (2008). The 9/11 terror attacks. Mankato, Minn: Creative Education. Bodden discusses events that culminated to the terror attack of 9/11. He further describes the relationship between U.S. and the Middle East as well as, the global response after terror attack and how the attacked transformed the world. Bolton, M. (2008). U.S. national security and foreign policymaking after 9/11 : present at the re-creation. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. In his book, Bolton has analyzed the 109th congress of Dec 2004 that was passed signed under President Bush: Intelligence Reform and intelligent Prevention Act (IRTPA). ...

Classical Realism, or Traditional Realism (Waltz, 2003: 21), and Neorealism, or Structural Realism (Jakobsen, 2013), are “two of the major approaches” in the study of international politics (Waltz, 2003: 21). Robert Keohane (1986: 159) considers Classical Realism as the “central tradition” in the study of international politics, while Jo Jakobsen (2013) considered Neorealism as the “bedrock theory of International Relations.” Despite the efforts of their respective proponents to distinguish one theory from the other, commonalities between Classical Realism and Neorealism do occur. First, both would agree that changes in policymaking among states “happen” more than making it happen ( ...

Globalization and its Discontents is a pleasurable and thought- inciting book. It’s written by one of the most renowned Nobel laureate Joseph E. Stiglitz in 2002. It is perhaps the utmost decipherable, lucid, and delicate attack against globalization during the past couple of years. Though the author struggles, in a slightly rigid style with some shadows of pride, against his ideology of deceitful free-market mindsets, his style is unpretentious and reachable to a widespread audience. However, this is also illusive to some extend. ‘Although the writer stresses on time and again that he is not directing an attack against market principles ...

Abstract

Federal bureaucracy is a source of concern in America. In the decision-making process, the average citizens have always been ignored. Most decisions are made by senior officials without taking into account the needs of the citizens. Because of this, there is need to give the citizens a chance to participate in decision-making processes. In the United States of America, federal bureaucracy is a norm rather than an exception. The decision-making process has been left for state officials, contrary to the rules of democracy. As a democratic country, it is surprising that citizens and their elected leaders do not participate in making decisions ...

Introduction

Prior to the widespread adoption of community based policing in the United States, police management followed a bureaucratic model. Traditional models of police management during the early nineties was “a bureaucratic, rigid chain of command, characterized policing in the USA” (Holian, 2007, p. 24). The traditional model characterized police management as reactive instead of the opposite and also slow and inefficient because decision making was bureaucratic and relied heavily on management. Due to the negative outcomes of the traditional model, experts urged the transformation of police management to bring about improvements, particularly the reduction of crime. The cornerstone of this transformation ...

Introduction

The 9/11 Attack has been regarded as one of the major events in the history of America. This attack killed and maimed more people inside United States boundaries in a day than any other event since the historic Pearl Harbor attack. Notably, those who died in the horrific carnage in Pennsylvania, Washington and Manhattan on 11th Sept were the most direct victims of the terror attack. Many more people were killed in the subsequent “war on terror”. Arguably, several essential facts regarding 9/11 attacks were obvious; i.e. the attack was an act of mass murder where more than three thousand ...

Introduction

Relations between the U.S. federal government and African American and Latino communities have always between an important concern both for governmental politics, and African American and Latino leadership. The important role in federal politics belongs to considering African American and Latino community issues. Relevant policies are also being implemented at the state level in close cooperation with advocacy organizations. Differences in political agendas of African American and Latino leadership call forth considerable difficulties for federal government, which looks forward to running unified policies in terms of its relations with minorities. Furthermore, topicality of addressing the differences under study stems ...

Charles E. Lindblom, The Science of Muddling Through, 1959

Thesis: This article discusses about the various nuances related to choices in policy making and introduces two different approaches to workout choices for policymaking. The article discusses about the advantages and disadvantages of using different methods of policy making in Public Administration and tries to find out the best way to help create modifications in policies in accordance with the changing trends. “It would not, as in the first method of policy-making, approximate a more mechanical process of choosing the means that best satisfied goals that were previously clarified and ranked.” (Page 159) “Accordingly, I propose in this ...

Charles E. Lindblom. The Science of “Muddling Through.” 1959. Thesis: According to Charles, the United States bureaucracy uses bounded rationality and limited policy analysis in formulating regulations. He states that root analysis is a more comprehensive approach for decision-making than branch analysis. Charles, however, argues that policy makers lack the intellectual capacity to accomplish a root analysis, hence the lack of policy developments in organizations. The author states that a rational decision-making approach is not possible and explains why political maneuvering in decision-making was favorable.

“In the United States, for example, no part of government attempts a comprehensive overview of policy” (165)

“Limits on human intellectual capacities and on available information set definite limits to man’s capacity ...

Breed-specific legislation is the restriction of and legislation regarding certain breeds of dog, often dogs that are considered violent, dangerous, or erratic in their behaviors (Collier, 2006). Proponents of breed-specific legislation point out that there are certain types of dogs that are most frequently used in dogfighting rings, and that these dogs are more likely to be dangerous to the general public. However, research has shown repeatedly that this is not the case; breed-specific legislation and controls on the breeding of dogs (excluding dog-wild canine hybrids)is nothing more than a reactionary response to perceived social ills that have little ...

Introduction

Media policy is directed at various issues and contexts of the media environment. When developing the media policy, a broad range of theoretical perspectives are considered. This paper aims to analyze media policy from different theoretical perspectives. In this paper, the media policies of the United Kingdom and Iraq will also be analyzed. The important concepts, covered in this essay, include media imperialism, the CNN effects, and the key issues associated with media policy. An important factor, which must be considered when developing media policy, is the presence of several policy areas in the field of communication. These areas ...

Introduction

Following paper analyzes the media environments and media/communication policy of Iraq and the UK. In relation to it, the paper evaluates the media environment in the context of the concepts dealt from the reliable sources. Media policy is directed at various issues and contexts of the media environment. When developing the media policy, a broad range of theoretical perspectives is considered. This paper aims to analyze media policy from different theoretical perspectives. In this paper, the media policies of the United Kingdom and Iraq will also be analyzed. The important concepts, covered in this essay, include media imperialism, the CNN ...

Introduction

Several people in present times are currently suffering from diabetes mellitus - known to many simply as diabetes, a health condition pertaining to high blood sugar levels. People suffering from diabetes acquire it through either genetic inheritance or poor lifestyle practices, particularly in terms of diet. In the realm of public health, the full incurability of diabetes serves as a major concern. At most, patients with diabetes have relied on treatment that is mostly palliative in nature to relieve themselves of various related symptoms. Yet, knowing how to deliver the right kinds of treatment to patients of diabetes requires recognizing the ...

The case of the National School Lunch Program (NLSP) involved heavy participation of issue networks. Various interest groups and individuals, albeit loosely, form issue networks to support particular issues for public policy formation. The NLSP found support from issue networks formed by interest groups formed by interest groups on nutrition and consumer advocacy, associations formed by concerned professionals and networks of private sector groups (Stillman, 2009). Prior to the implementation of the NLSP in 1946, concerns over nutrition deficiency in children have emerged. Whereas the NLSP became successful in implementing reforms to ensure the well-being of children in ...

Introduction

Universal Healthcare is obviously prevalent within the Unites States healthcare systems; however, the utilization of universal health is a major component when implemented into any healthcare system. Universal health is currently being executed throughout most countries and currently starting to stem for the greater good and better health of patients with a positive fiscal margin for consumers. To date, there are about 33 countries and counting, that of which employ the apparatuses of universal health including South Africa. During 2012, upon groundwork for better healthcare, an African Congress begins to cultivate solidarity of a National Healthcare Blueprint within the South African ...

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Introduction

The United States (US) has placed itself in a dominant position in global affairs during the Cold War, as it tussled against the equally footed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The Cold War seemed like a never-ending tug-of-war between the two perceived “superpowers”, although at least one had to lose, eventually. Come 1991, the dissolution of the USSR left the US as the clear winner of their decades-long debacle. With the US having the upper hand, several changes have to settle in the post-Cold War era. This study is an attempt to lay out various ...

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Introduction

The study of international relations has grown throughout time in importance. The developing trend of increasing interaction between different nations across the world compels one to have a strong understanding of international relations. As nations proceed to sustain their interests in interacting with one another, studying international relations becomes more compelling. This study explains the key benefits of international relations as an essential field of study. For one to have a complete understanding of the continuously globalizing status quo, one should have ideas on the kind of benefits studying international relations confer. International ...

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1. Agenda setting can be a top-down or bottom-up process. What direction do you believe is generally favored in the policymaking process? In the policymaking process, agenda setting could proceed in two directions – top-down and bottom-up. Before one could decide on the most favorable direction for agenda setting, it is noteworthy to lay out the differences between the two possible choices. Ultimately, policymakers would choose an agenda setting direction based on their policy preferences and management styles (Dye 32-44). The top-down approach to agenda setting involves the elite being the ...

PART 1

Society and institutions are key concepts in sociological studies. From as early as the 1980s, there have been attempts to revise the key sociological concepts of institutions giving rise to ‘New Institutionalism” or “Neoinstitutionalism.” At first, the ideas were based on organizational theory but the ideas quickly broadened to include micro sociology or individualism and global sociology. In sociological studies, institutional analysis is conducted for understanding how institutions affect and influence individual and collective human behavior. Conclusions can be made through empirical approaches or inferential analyses, which give various scientifically admissible conclusions on the subject. Past studies have shown ...

International Economic Policy-Making of the EU and the US

Foreign economic policy-making varies between regions given the size of their economy and the nature of their foreign policy mechanism in the international arena. Policies would take into consideration political interests and economic competence in the globe, while it can easily blend with domestic policy. In the case of the European Union, the Union represents its member countries in creating foreign policies that would not just cover their international policies but also their domestic policies: may it be for political or economic reasons. Unlike the United States, which only has to represent one state in the international market, the ...

Introduction The presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson came as a circumstance of his office as the Vice-President of the United States (US) under assassinated President John F. Kennedy. Having held office as the replacement to the slain Kennedy for 11 months, Johnson needed to consolidate his campaign agenda back them to establish his potency as a viable candidate in the elections. Such requirement necessitates the emergence of popular reform programs akin to those started under Kennedy (USHistory.org). Johnson initiated two crucial policy actions during his time as President-successor to Kennedy. Firstly, the ...

It is a fact that state and local governments affect our lives on a daily basis. They provide services which we consider basic such as snow and garbage removal. They as well set the standards for early and secondary education. It will not go unmentioned that they further determine the amount of money we pay in property taxes. Nevertheless, not all states can be graded equal in the quantity of resources at their disposal. Socio-demographics, geography, economic indicators, political culture and political history all have a proper influence on how the states collect their revenue thus affecting the policy outcomes. For ...

Article Review One – Date of Submission

For PAD 3003 Introduction to Public Administration

Benjamin I. Page, previously connected with the University of Chicago, currently teaches as a professor at Northwestern University, where he holds the Gordon S. Fulcher Professor of Decision Making title and Faculty Associate of the university’s Institute for Policy Research position. He earned his PhD at Stanford University and JD at Harvard Law School. Robert Y. Shapiro teaches as a professor at Columbia University. He served as the former chair of the university’s Department of Political Science. He held the National Opinion Research Center Study Director position of the University of ...

Arguably, 2000-2009 was the most difficult moment in the world economy. The financial crisis that took place in United States and the world became the worst financial munch to ever occur in the world. The financial crisis took place in the late 2008 at a remarkably speed, whereby most economic factors were fully disturbed. Mortgage-related securities, which had fully spread in United States as well as global financial systems collapsed. As a matter of fact, this crisis undermined several largest and renowned financial institutions in United states and the world. Additionally, the crisis damaged stronger economies and financial systems in the ...

The Business Structures and Competitiveness of Russia

Diamond Model of International Competitiveness

The concept of competitiveness is among the factors that have received widespread acceptance in the analysis of a nation’s prosperity despite limited understanding on the basic structures. An understanding of the factors determining the competitiveness of a country is the central factor in the diamond model of international competitiveness developed by Michael E. Porter. To begin with, it is ardently crucial to acknowledge the fact that improvement of sustainable standards of living should the central macroeconomic goal for any nation aspiring to be competitive in the global market. Other measures include the level of foreign ...