Validity Research Papers Samples For Students

The usefulness of a study or research is usually dependent on the accuracy and level of confidence of the findings. This will be subject to the procedures and steps as well as the variables used when carrying out the research. The level of accuracy and confidence of a research is determined by its validity; which is the level with which correct inferences are made from the research study results. A researcher always considers the confidence that all observations are from the given variables and the research was not manipulated. Such a kind of confidence shows the internal validity. ...

Evaluate the Challenges of Conducting Qualitative Research; synthesize your findings and identify an appropriate qualitative research strategy for a study on managing diversity; analyze the issues associated with sampling, validity, reliability, and bias within the context of the study.

Introduction

The qualitative research model has long been used by researchers and scientists in ruling out the validity, reliability, and even in identifying presence of and the contribution of a certain range of factors in a particular population. Most of the time, qualitative studies are used in inquiring or going more deeply, meaning it deals with more than just knowing, about ...

In measurement, one tries to identify and express the dimensions, degree, capacity or quantity of a given variable. This process involves assigning values as determined by a certain set of rules. Research requires good measurement for its results to be trusted. Good measurement should be characterized by validity and reliability properties. These are the two major psychometric properties of a test for good measurement.

Reliability is the consistency of scores obtained from research instruments and apparatus that have been used in an assessment procedure. The four main forms of reliability include interrater reliability, test-retest, internal consistency and equivalent forms. A reliability coefficient is normally used as a measure of reliability. It refers to a type of correlation used to indicate the consistency of relationship. So as to depict a strong consistency the coefficient should be strong and also positive. ...

Psychology

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Abstract

Identifying and predicting psychopathic traits by analyzing childhood behaviours must be based on sound psychometrics to ensure scientifically reliable results. Statistical analysis using G-Power (computer model for calculations) aids in analyszing the results from surveys and personality assessments which are administered to teens and young adults from communities, colleges, juvenile homes and jails in order to understand how the data from self reported questionnaires can reliable be used to predict psychopathic behavior. The ability to do so would be very helpful for counseling and could possibly help avoid psychopathic behaviors in young people that are self-destructive ...

Vocational Assessments

Introduction
In psychology and career counseling, vocational assessments play an important role in career planning. Vocational assessments are most often used as metric for children who are transitioning from school to work and adult life, and are meant to determine student expectations for the transition planning process, as well as how these students perceive the future (Dutta et al., 2008). Through vocational assessment, children are also meant to receive practical advice or realistic responses to their own aspirations and goals, as well as indicate how the child might best be able to serve in a particular field or career. ...

Introduction

In the research on disaster management during a disastrous situation both natural and man-made disasters such as earthquakes, hurricane, tornadoes and terrorist attacks, I would suggest to use Descriptive Design. These kind of design provides answers to the questions of where, when, what, who and how. It provides information concerning the existing status of the happening and explains what exists with respect to the condition of the situation (Creswell & Creswell, 2007). It involves collecting data in order to test hypotheses or answer questions concerning the current status of the situation. It also involves conversion of data in numerical form ...

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design
The research design is a procedural plan adopted by the researcher to answer research questions objectively, accurately, validly and economically. In general, the research design plays two key roles. First, it aids in the identification and development of logical arrangements and procedures required to undertake a study. Second, the design lays emphasis on the quality (objectivity, validity and accuracy) of the underlying procedures. When conducting research, it is vital to note that the research design is distinct from the method through which data are collected.
In general, there are a number of ways in which research ...

Citation: Busso, C., & Narayanan, S. (2007). Interrelation between speech and facial gestures in emotional utterances: a single subject study. Audio, Speech, and Language , X(XX), 1–16. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4317558
Single subject research has always posed some significant challenges to researcher s and scientists working in the field of experimental psychology. The fact remains that unlike popular opinion, single subject research can have statistical validity and can provide the necessary tools to provide usable data during many experiments(Kratochwill, 1978). Horner et al., (2005) provided some useful insights on how to assess the quality of a single subject research ...

Elements of a Quantitative Research Article

This paper will appraise a quantitative article by Lin and Ma (2009). The article is entitled “Willingness of nurses to report medication administration errors in Southern Taiwan: A cross-sectional survey”. The appraisal will identify the following aspects of the article population, research study design, independent and dependent variables, and sampling techniques. In addition, it will discuss issues related to the internal and external validity of the study.
The population in research is defined as all individuals or objects with the same defining attributes (Polit & Beck, 2008, p. 67). The population for the study consisted of all nurses in Southern ...

Lisa Gomez

Argosy Online University
This research was carried out as partial fulfillment towards the Research Methods course at Argosy University by Lisa Gomez.
Abstract
The study evaluates the research question: Does health promotion strategies help alleviate stress? The study uses a sample size of twenty five respondents; the five respondents were added to compensate for attrition. The study used the stratified random sampling technique. This technique is appropriate for the study because of the different levels of stressing factors the workers are exposed to due to the nature of their job. The inclusion criterion for the study is that the ...

Introduction

The Computer Anxiety Scale, popularly known as SCALE is a psychological test. It is used by industrial and organizational psychologists to assess and measure the levels of anxiety as a result of using computers. The test can also be used to measure anxiety in people who do not interact directly with computers but spend a lot of time in computer environments. The test was designed and authored by E. R. Oetting. It was published in 1983 by the Rocky Mountain Institute of behavior Science. The publisher’s postal address is Box 1066, Fort Collins and the postal code is ...

Utilitarianism theory is the philosophy that considers the greatest good as where the happiness of a hefty number of people is satisfied (Hawley, 2011). This philosophy is essential when making decisions for the society that would benefit it the most regardless of the suffering it brings to other individuals. It is morally right if the actions yield happiness and not pain. Most theorists claim that that achievements like living a quality lifestyle is part of their happiness. Nonetheless, government policies are considered utilitarianism in the policy making since they are aimed at benefiting many people.

...

Introduction

When tests are carried out, it is important to determine their validity and reliability. The researcher must consider the validity and reliability of a test before deciding on which test to use in a research. This is because these two factors have an impact on the accuracy and credibility of the results of the research. Outcomes of well undertaken tests can be used to predict future trends on the research topic

A reliable test is one whose outcomes can be depended on when making decisions because of its consistency. It implies that the test can be depended upon for ...

Note 1

The note observes the essentials of validity of evidence. It correctly observes the three main types of validity, that is, relationship based, criterion related and content based. Ideally, the validity of evidence is essential in noting the variables in data and information. The note takes the discussion to the extreme by illustrating some of the application of the validity evidence. For instance, in showing the relation based validation, the note examines the relationship between shark attacks and ice cream consumption in the beach. It is concluded based on credible evidence that the number of shark attacks were directly proportional ...

Increased corporate scandals due to unethical behaviours have led to the introduction of ethical code of conduct. Ethical code of conduct govern the behaviour of all employees within an organization or a given profession. The practise of Industrial/Organization psychology is governed by a set of ethics. In the course of their day to day practise, psychologists at large face a myriad of ethical issues and concerns. These are not limited to issues concerning confidentiality, application of multiple rater systems, dual relationships, and multiple relationships. It is with this background that this paper seeks to discuss ethical issues presented in ...

Final Project: Early Methods Section

Introduction
While stress cannot be entirely removed from the workplace or life, one can develop coping skills with relative ease. Stress has shown to contribute to physical conditions like high blood pressure, ulcers and stroke. As such, stress reduction directly impacts the improvement of one’s physical health. Health promotion strategies employ different approaches in improving the physical and mental health of an individual. Approaches that use multiple strategies have proven more effective when compared to stand-alone approaches. Health promotion strategies offer health information so as to create awareness and capacity among individuals to make decisions concerning health behavior ...

Research Study Proposal

Background of problem

Riordan Manufacturing is a firm whose business is molding plastic injections. The strategic objective of the firm is to be a high-performing organization. The firm management believes that in order to achieve this objective, Riordan Manufacturing need to hire people with the ability to be effective leaders into sales leadership positions. In the past, Riordan Manufacturing promoted internal employees to be sales leaders basing their performance in their current roles. However, the management of Riordan Manufacturing changed the selection process to hiring externally by comparing candidates and picking the best.

Purpose of the research

Sales records at Riordan Manufacturing have ...

Teenage Alcoholism

Article 1: Strandberg, A. K. & Bodin, M. C. (2011). “Alcohol-Specific Parenting within a Cluster Randomized Effectiveness Trial of a Swedish Primary Prevention Program.” Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 111 (2), 92-102.
With regards to the problems that affect people later in life as a result of alcoholism, underage drinking is a matter that should be addressed perspicaciously. As Strandberg & Bodin report in their article, research has shown that parents can influence the time when their children start drinking, which justifies the need for an alcohol-specific mode of parenting. As used in the article, alcohol specific parenting is a style of ...

Psychological testing

Psychological test are a kind of categorized measure of mental and behavior of a person with an objective. It is basically structured to make assessments of constructs that are barely unobserved. These tests incorporate to identify, assess and measure the tasks that any respondent has to give a solution to. They are closely related to the questionnaire tools but are different in the aspect of the performance that is expected where it requires much more response in comparison to the questionnaires (Archer, 2006). It is important to state that an important and effective test is supposed to carry with ...

Test Development, Part One

Test Development, Part One
Test Plan for Measuring Knowledge of validity and Reliability
Test format: multiple choice test
Test Length: 20 items (30 Minutes)

Test Universe: This test is designed to measure the knowledge the participant possesses in reliability and validity of testing.
KNOWLEDGE OF TERMS AND CONCEPTS
TYPES OF RELIABILITY
Test-retest method

Internal consistency method

Scorer reliability method

Subtotal: 15%
RELIABILITY COEFFICIENTS

Cohen’s kappa

Correlations in two test administrations

Standard error of measurement

Confidence interval

Subtotal: 25%
EVIDENCE OF VALIDITY
Test content

Response process

Internal structure

Relations to other variables

Consequences of testing

Content

40%

Subtotal: 40%

FACTORS THAT ...

Comparing Qualitative Designs

The first research was done by Harding& Perkins (2008). The purpose of this research is to explore and report the experiences of male nurses in the context of providing physical intimate care. This research seeks to find out why male nurses are victimized for applying the intimate touch in their clinical practice (Harding & Perkins, 2008).

The design of this research is descriptive since it aims to obtain information on the status of a phenomenon which has been previous research. Unlike in a longitudinal design the research does not look at all aspects of the previous research but only focuses ...

Psychology

The independent variable identified for the study include the individuals who score high on MMPI and the dependant variable identified for the study is the reporting of instances of social injustices. The first hypothesis will be tested out using regression analysis. The independent t-test will measure the difference between MMPI scores of both groups and also determine the difference in the number of social injustice cases. The scale of measurement used is nominal because the data is easily differentiated. Nominal measurement is done through a YES/ NO and a likert scale. Numbers are assigned to the nominal items to ...

The variables

Stress can occur to any human being. Stress is a normal psychological and physical reaction to the demands of life particularly to traumatic incidences. The process of induced abortion or natural is a stressful time for many women (Adler, N. E., David, H. P., Major, B. N., Roth, S. H., Russo, N. F., & Wyatt, G. E. 1990, p. 41). The stress can occur before and after abortion. In this study we are focusing only on post abortion stress. Women who undergo abortion natural or induced are likely to experience acute stress i.e. Acute stress originates from the demands and ...

The quality of the research data depends on the reliability and validity of the instruments used to collect information. Bernard (2000) defines validity as the “accuracy and trustworthiness of instruments, data, and findings in research” (p.46). He maintains that if the questions that are used to get data from people are not valid instruments, then the collected data is also not valid. In turn, reliability is “whether or not you get the same answer by using an instrument to measure something more than once” (Bernard, 2000, p.47). For example, a thermometer is a reliable instrument because it would present ...

Bloch, F., Gautier, V., Noury, N., Lundy, J.E., Poujaud, J., Claessens, Y. E. & Rigaud, A.S. (2011). Evaluation under real-life conditions of a stand-alone fall detector for the elderly subjects (Bloch et al., 2011). Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 54 (2011):391–398.
This quantitative study by Bloch et al., evaluates the experience of 10 elderly adults aged 75 and above with the use of the VigiFall. The purpose of the research was to also to assess the participants’ acceptability and tolerance of the device in real-life settings. The accelerometric sensor of VigiFall was attached to the participants’ thorax ...

Introduction

All human beings are creatures of habits, both good and bad and while our lifestyle can make us free from of rethinking everything that we are or want to do, anytime we do it, our way of life can also enslave us to doing things that can be very destructive to our life in the long run (Stroh, 2011). These habits can be very hard to deal with, even at point where we know we must, it is hard to avoid. Wealth of knowledge and experience in enhancing the quality of health care has accumulated globe over many decades.
...

BDI-Older Adults

Among the older adults, the screening for depressive symptoms is important because of the ubiquitous nature of mood problem in this population. Despite the low rates of diagnosable depression, depressive symptoms are relatively high with an estimate of 15 to 25 percent. These symptoms among the old are associated with decreased social functioning, poor quality of life, physical disability, cognitive impairment and suicide (Segal, et. al, 2008). A case study involving 64 adult women from independent living facilities was conducted by Jefferson, Powers and Pope (2000) and the report showed that the BDI-II had good internal consistency. Further reports ...

Psychology

Abstract
There have been increasing notions on matters regards to the essentiality of in-class experiment on the students’ performance. Historically the researchers have offered varying analogies on the respective entities in regarding the issue. The various historical claims made on the value of laboratory work in schools have been based on both perspectives and facts that various researchers have established. The commonly contradicting notion by various stakeholders in respective to the issue argue that the students are basically unaware of some of the essence experiments. They argue that some of the experiments by the students they have no defined ...

In Yuan et al. (2009), a study was conducted in order to “assess the effects of exercise intervention on nurses’ health-related physical fitness” (p. 1404). According to their methods, an intervention program was administered to nurses at a medical center in central Taiwan, surveying the nurses on their basic health information. As the intervention was conducted, the Labour’s Physical Fitness Test Method was used to measure the physical fitness of the nurses. A series of intense exercises were used that were nonetheless easy to perform and measure, through the use of measurement tools such as adjustable steps and ...

Interpretative phenomenological analysis: mental Illness

Abstract
There are various anomalous experiences reported as enhancing instead of showing poor mental health. The experiences are out of body where the person’s body and self are said to be phenomenologically separated. The objective of the study was to look into these experiences and their after effects. A phenomenological, idiographic, qualitative approach was used. Participants were three individuals who took part in face to face interviews that were semi structured. Interpretative phenomenological analysis found out that off body experiences occurred during personal significance times. They were linked to the lives of participants beyond the occurrence point and ...

and Alcohol Knowledge

The Effectiveness of Prevention Programs on Underage Drinking

and Alcohol Knowledge
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2007) considers underage drinking a major public health problem. In 2008, emergency rooms treated around 190,000 juveniles for injuries related to alcohol abuse (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2011). Alcohol is the most widely used drug by minors in the United States, accounting for 11% of all alcohol consumption. Binge drinking accounts for more than 90% of juvenile alcohol abuse. According to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), even though the level of alcohol use among juveniles has dropped significantly ...

A case study refers to the investigation of a contemporary phenomenon using real-life scenarios. The researcher will investigate a single unit or several single units and use the findings to generalize across a larger set of units (Gerring, 2004). It is a qualitative type of research. The researcher applies a clinical, ethnographic and observation approach. It is an important research method as it brings clarity about a complex issue or contributes evidence to what was known before the research. Case study research generally answers questions that begin with “why” and “how”.

The researcher will carry out a literature to ...

Research Topics

Two research articles are discussed and they include an article by Sinha, R. (2011) which aims at establishing whether traditional tribes and caste groups have lower body mass index compared to other ethnic groups. The other article is by Weber, E. (1999) which analysis the difference in the perception and preference of risk across cultural groups.

Research objectives

The research objective in this article by Sinha, R. (2011) was to compare differences in BMI with reference to age. Weber, E. (1999) research objective was to establish the lreationship that exist between culture and the perception and preference of risk.

...

Read more

Before embarking on a research topic, it is always important that the researcher determines the bets research design and methods to apply in their research. This determination is guided by the purpose of the study and he variables that are under consideration. In this case, the life of separation is at as to whether the research should adopt a qualitative approach or a quantitative approach (Yilmaz, 2013). Those researches that adopt qualitative approaches have their focus on understanding a particular phenomenon by collecting and analyzing evidence from the populations of target. Quantitative studies are more specific and focus on ...

A Review of a Journal article

What are the key objectives of the study?
The key objective of the study is to guide the reader about all the aspects of the research processes, which mainly includes objective formulation, choosing appropriate research methods, securing participants of the research and data collection, analysis and interpretation.

What is the research problem?

The research problems refer from simple to complex, depending on the nature and number of variables (both dependent and independent) and the nature and relationship between the variables (Bryman, 2012, pp. 3). Once you understand the nature of the problem, it will make you able to develop the result of a specific ...

Introduction

There is a wide array of healing practices that fall outside the norm of contemporary medical practices. Alternative medicine, therapies, natural healthcare practices, spiritual healing among many others are but the few terms used to describe these practices. Medical schools did not offer classes or lessons in alternative medical healing and preventative practice neither was it advocated in mainstream hospitals (Ernst, 2010). But this has changed in the last few years with medical practitioners accepting that some of these practices do a world of good for their patients where western medicine fails. Some of these practices offer the patients ...

Article One: Nisha, J., Xavier, L., & Wilma, C. (2013). Is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Stage and Independent Risk Factor for Altering the Periodontal Status of HIV-Positive Patients? A South African Study. BMC Oral Health, 13(69).

Credibility of the Article

The current article is a peer-reviewed article that based on an empirical study that was carried out with the intent of establishing the correlations that exist between HIV and periodontal disease. This article as co-founded by Nisha, John, and Xavier, Stephen. Wilma, Charlene also contributed to the contents contained in the current article. Apart from being a peer reviewed article, the credibility of ...

The Article: Providing an earlier warning of Emerging Drug Trends: the Fore Var System by Jane Mounteney and Siv-Elin Leirvang

In the analysis, the author postulates that the Fore Var System is one of the information systems that is anchored on the recommendations and research findings of EMCDD study. Unlike other information systems, the Fore Var System was invented to render and disseminate swift information, timely identification and regulate drug patterns in the environs of Bergen City (Mounteney & Leirvang, 2004). In other words, the Fore Var System is an effective local-regulating system that analyses, reports and monitors data about drug patterns in the city after six months. The system is an essential component for the policy makers and other ...

Abstract Research methods in social sciences have two basic categories; qualitative and quantitative methods. Quantitative research involves asking people's opinions in a structured manner in order to produce hard facts and statistics. In contrast, qualitative research is an explanatory research with the main focus being to gain insights into the helps or problems to develop a hypothesis for potential quantitative research (Cohen et al., 2010). Quantitative research is used to quantify defined variables such as opinions and attitudes, and generalizing results from a larger sample. They use measurable data in formulating facts and unearthing research patterns. Qualitative data collection ...

Critical Analysis

The research is assessed on a number of factors. Firstly, the research is evaluated on the literature cited, the methodology used and the results presented. From the critical analysis, it is evident that the results, which confirm the hypothesis, were vulnerable to social priming. According to the researchers, there is a positive correlation between psychological dominance and odor sexiness, as assessed by women in stable relationships during their fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. However, critical analysis of the methodology and the results reveals that these results were obtained because women in stable relationships had been primed. For this ...

Facilitator:

Introduction
Emergency management has customarily been considered as the duty of the government and other disaster management bodies. The society entirely believes that these institutions have a role to play during the disasters and in the aftermath. However, many people fail to visualize the effective ways that the victims can apply in saving their situation when faced by a disaster (Perry, 2003). Neglecting the significant role of victims during disasters is a misinformed perspective since effective incorporation of victims in emergency management can better the situation. The paper explores the idea of engaging victims in emergency management by focusing ...

Introduction

Forensics refers to the use of scientific knowledge for the collection, analysis, and presentation of evidence to the courts (Guo, Jin & Hang, 2011).More specifically, forensic science refers to “the application of scientific techniques and principles to provide evidence to legal or related investigations and determinations” (Guo et al., 2011, p. 225).
Although forensic science has been employed in crime investigations since the early twentieth century (Palmer, 2002) through the use of traditional forensic techniques, the emergence of computers and other forms of technology has led to crimes that are being committed either in the cyber world or with ...

Question 1

Descriptive research purposes to describe the characteristics of a given population or a phenomenon that is of interest to a researcher. It is also referred to as statistical research. Descriptive research is systematic, factual and accurate. In descriptive research, the researcher does not evaluate causal relationships between variables. Therefore, the internal validity requirement for this kind of research is low. Descriptive research relies on measures of central tendency and dispersion, frequency distribution and graphs. On the other hand, inferential research aims at making predictions about a given population from a sample that the researcher analysed. In inferential research, the ...

Social science and impact in early marriages in higher education settings.

Higher learning institutions have for a long time been associated with early marriages. Most youths get engaged to early sexual relationships leading to unwanted pregnancies and sexual transmitted diseases. In an attempt to cope with the results, the youths get married with limited financial sources to support these marriages.
More interactive results with most of these students associate the contents of the syllabuses in these institutions to this behavior. The students think that social science is too exploitative on affairs and social settings and these makes the youths believe that marriage at early ages can work. The following is ...

Introduction

Validation tests are done to demonstrate the correlation of the test results and the variables such as employee performance. Validation of a test could be in the form of content, predictive or concurrent form. Test validation is aimed at verifying that the results are reliable enough to be used to make conclusions. There are traditional and standardized sources of evidence to prove if a test is valid. Psychologists use either of these methods to validate their tests.

The objective of validating a test is to ensure that the test was conducted correctly and the ...

INTRODUCTION

The issue of humour has been studied by many individuals in the past; Martin et al. (2003) define humour as having four distinct dimensions: affiliative humour (engaging in humourous banter and jokes in order to create relationships with others), self-enhancing humour (maintaining a sense of humour about life regardless of negative events), aggressive humour (snark and sarcasm in order to ridicule others for one’s own narcissism), and self-defeating humour (self-disparagement in order to soften the blow of real potential ridicule). These theories are thought to provide a more comprehensive summary of the four most commonly found subtypes of ...

Research Article Critique

Effects of working conditions on intravenous medication errors in a Japanese hospital

Introduction

In an effort to determine the working conditions that influence the occurrence of errors and near-miss errors related to intravenous medication, Seki and Yamazaki (2006) developed a study in a Japanese hospital setting using questionnaires methodology of research. The anticipations were that working conditions may have had a negative effect on the outcomes of nursing practices in Japan due to their deterioration in the recent past. The results of this study showed that workload and inexperience in ...

Introduction

One major problem many organizations face is the occurrence of accidents involving trips, falls, and slips of employees. A rise in the injury rates is due to the lack of relevant and essential safety measures to ensure safety in the workplace. The study seeks to determine the presence and effectiveness of safety measures in reducing accidents at the nursing home workplace. It focuses on the occurrence of accidents among employees at one nursing home. The study examines the causes of slips, trips and falls (STF) accidents, the effectiveness of existing safety measures, and improvements that can occur.

Literary Review

Many medical ...

The first question that makes this research extremely useful or meaningful is based on the movement of people and cars in the older eastern areas and newer western areas of the Old City of Jeddah. The question revolves around the main forces behind the disappearance of traditional cities. The two regions have different following the forms of buildings in the area, as well as functions. This is because, excessive movement densities for cars and people can heighten the process of deterioration of the Old City.
The second question that the researcher seeks to address in this research is on ...

L. Baker, A. J. (2005). The long-term effects of parental alienation on adult children: A qualitative research study. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 33(4), 289-302. doi:10.1080/01926180590962129

The Long-Term Effects of Parental Alienation on Adult Children:

A Qualitative Research Study
Introduction
Parental alienation is experienced by children after divorce when one parent uses emotional manipulation to make the child dependent on them and turn the child against the other parent. In 2004, Opperman estimated that 20 million children were victims of parental alienation and predicted that an additional 25 million children will experience parental alienation to some extent (i.e. mild, moderate, or severe) before reaching adulthood (as ...

Abstract

The correlation between criminal activity and genetic composition is one of the polarizing issues in criminal justice today. This paper investigates the relevance of using genetic testing in courtrooms for defense and the causation relationships between the genetic composition and criminal behavior. The study conducted a survey on a random sample of 100 participants. The results indicated that most people do not support using genetic testing as defense in criminal procedures. Similarly, many people do not see the causation relationship between the two phenomena. Nevertheless, this research concluded that, following the implications of criminal behavior, and that, most criminal ...

1. Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory
MMPI is an intensively researched, taught, and often used personality assessment tool. Most authors agree that that it is a meta-analytical review to demonstrate substantial reliability and good convergent validity. A researcher can use the tool to conduct sound theoretical and empirical rational concepts. Researchers that have used both MMPI and Rorschach variables observe disparate views of personality that becomes a momentous conundrum for the field of assessment. Butcher (2014) state that when clinicians face conflicts in the use of Rorschach and MMPI they should make a decision that emphasize on certain aspects of ...

For individuals having aptitude in music it is extremely important to define a specialization field. Specialization chosen by a musician or musically talented individual should correspond to psychodynamic peculiarities of individual’s character and temperament. Qualities of temperament which are good for one kind of musical style may prove hardly suitable for other kind. The most important moments in musician’s choice of exact specialization can occur not in musical abilities but in purely psychological indicators like level of neuroticism, introversion and extroversion of personality, dextrocerebral or sinistrocerebral domination of consciousness. The following types of specialization of creative professions ...

Participants

The population that was sampled in this study was all mothers that gave birth to infants with a birth weight of less than 2500g at Tuanku Jakaar Hospital over a five-month period. This population was highly relevant to the study. The study employed random sampling to choose the respondents1. The study of all births taking place on the same day, with no exceptions, gave a proper representativeness of the population. Random sampling ensured that the respondents were a representative of the population in Malaysia. Taking into account all the races in the diverse Malaysian population, the study avoided a ...

Results: Appropriateness of the data collection methods for the study

The data collection method was observational study. It involved the recording of some baseline measurements and latter on respective changes in weight and height in order to obtain the Body Mass Index (BMIs) of school children who would participate in the study for a period of about two years (Ludwig, Peterson & Gortmaker, 2001. This method of data collection was suitable because, the dependent and the dependent and independent are measurable quantities or aspects. The method also allows for the incorporation of interviews and surveys using questionnaires on the respondents in order to make conclusive observations and measurements. For instance, ...

Reading through the research report, one can easily identify the problem that the research seeks to address. In other words, the problem statement is stated in a way that is not ambiguous but easy to identify. It begins from the third paragraph in the introduction section up to the seventh paragraph. In the third paragraph, the author states that the ideal treatment of comorbid conditions involve integrated approaches that target all the coexisting conditions. Conversely, treatments that have commonly been employed have failed to target the three conditions often occurring together: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), ...

THESIS STATEMENT

Hebrews represents one of the New Testament books that lack self attestation author thus its canonicity is disputed. The absentia of Hebrews authorship has forced several scholars and theologians to carry out enormous research to reveal who might have written the book.

INTRODUCTION

Studies indicate that Interest in the letter to the Hebrews as dramatically grown in recent years, with special sessions at major international conferences and canonical annual meetings demarcating the trend. However to the great realization, Hebrews represents one of the New Testament books that lack self attestation author thus its canonicity is disputed. The absentia of Hebrews ...

Validation of Principal Efficacy Survey– Rationale for Adding New Questions to the

ABSTRACT
In the process of validating principal self-efficacy connected to the corroborated Megan Tschannen-Moran Survey, important gaps in the questionnaire exist. The academic work presented here provides the essential and missing questions needing asked by principals in assessing the efficacy of his/her performance as an administrator, innovator, and advocate for quality educational practices in the 21st century. These suggested questions look at principal management abilities, consider the diversity of the demographics of public school learners and their families, professional development necessary for instructors' ability for enhancing teaching, and the critical acknowledgement educational technology.
Key Words: principal, self-efficacy, survey, education, ...

Introduction

According to medical studies, caffeine a stimulant drug contained in coffee, affects the heart rate of a human being. A state-of-the-art medical facility, Premiere Hospital wants to determine whether or not to serve caffeinated beverages to their patients in waiting rooms; the hospital would like to establish whether a relationship exists between coffee and the human heart rate. The hospital tested a sample of fifteen patients to whom they had served coffee, and obtained data. Each patient’s heart rate was recorded before and after taking a caffeinated beverage. This analysis seeks to establish whether there is a significant ...

Insomnia is a condition that affects one’s ability to sleep at night consequently leading to poor functioning during the day. Insomnia is viewed as a problem due to its impact not only on the individual but also to the society in general. These negative impacts include; treatment costs, work absenteeism, low productivity and likelihood of causing accidents at work. Lack of sleep does not necessarily mean that one is sick but when the sleeplessness is associated with stress, this results to what is termed as acute insomnia. People suffering from acute insomnia fail to sleep as sleep predisposes ...