Essays on Narcissism

I. Company Overview The apparel industry is a highly competitive and almost exclusively based on image. As fashion becomes "fast", i.e. designing and selling apparel becomes more for masses as opposed to a conventional haute couture model, established and emerging players alike are competing over an increasingly powerful market segment, namely Millennials, who continue to shape business across different industries. Forever 21 is one notable example of apparel companies competing, primarily, over Millennial customers. Forever 21, operating in seven countries in addition to Europe, is a notable example of an established apparel player adapting to continuous changes in apparel ...

Narcissistic personality is a controversial topic to discuss due to the debatable matter of pros and cons attached to its nature. Mostly, society viewed narcissism as a serious cultural and social threat particularly if it concerns a leader of a nation. Experts, on the other hand, pressed in the significance of the personality type as an attribute to a great leadership. In fact, presidents of the United States of America were detected to have been diagnosed with narcissism with varying levels, manifestations, and characteristics of the personality type. At the top of the list of the narcissistic presidents was ...

Introduction

Most influential people in the world have exhibited narcissistic behavior. This phenomenon can be defined as the act of great self-admiration (King, 2007). Narcissistic individuals are consumed with great love for themselves and consider themselves personal heroes. According to Rosenthal and Pittinsky (2006), this behavior is comparable to the perverse form of self-love. A person is considered to be narcissistic if he or she has the main goal of self-preservation (Freud, 1920).

Lyndon Johnson

One of the leaders in American history considered to be highly narcissistic is Lyndon Baines Johnson. He had presidential ambitions in 1960 but only ended as a ...

Of late, leadership has become the crucial issue challenging organizations functioning in a more volatile and complex business environment. Business leaders do have both positive and negative leadership traits. Until recently, business leadership literature has ignored the dark side of leaders believing that it does not favor implementing changes in the workplace. Historically, narcissism, a personality trait that continuously pursues gratification from the egotistic admiration of a person’s personal attributes, has been found to dominate the leadership characteristics of many leaders. Problems in sustaining healthy relationships, lack of empathy and taking insults to heart are certain common traits ...

Narcissistic leaders are known for displaying impeccable self-confidence, dominance, sense of power, and, of course, low empathy (O’Reilly et al., 2013). Hostility and arrogance are two essential characters that drive such individuals. As narcissistic leaders are always motivated by their need to control others and get their approval and admiration, their leadership style mostly tends to go destructive. On the other hand, certain other qualities like leading with a vision and consistently following their cherished path make them great leaders. Even as certain characters like ruthlessness and uncompromising nature help them to move forward as a visionary, narcissistic ...

Alan Moore`s Watchmen may be considered to be one of the most controversial but capturing comic-book series ever made. Quotes from this comic book along with some characters have merged with pop culture forever, thus proving its uniqueness and gripping beauty. Moreover, this exceptional comic book presents reader with extraordinary portrayal of superheroes. Moore completely distorts all superhero clichés instead depicting real people with all their flaws and anxieties and without outstanding superpowers, the exception makes only Dr. Manhattan. Moreover, by manipulating and speculating with turning points in history of the US, like the Vietnam War or ...

Exploring High Self-Esteem and Narcissism as Contributors of Aggressive Tendencies: an Argument against the Low Self-Esteem Hypothesis

Literature Review Introduction There are relevant themes in the current literature that relate to the argument presented in this position paper. Many of these themes have focused on supporting the high self-esteem hypothesis, which holds that highly favorable self-appraisals cause aggression and make people more prone to acts of aggression. The results and findings of several research studies conducted with the purpose of supporting the so called high self-esteem hypothesis have actually been successful in providing evidence in favor of the view that it is actually high levels of self-esteem that increase an individual’s proneness to aggressive tendencies ( ...

Many people believe entertainment to be a harmless thing. It is a form of pleasure used to pass the time. But what happens when it becomes a weaponized machine, used to warp an entire country’s culture and sense of values? For America, this is what has happened. Entertainment has changed their culture into a consumer driven, narcissistic wasteland, that has propagated more negativity than positivity in its wake. Entertainment has changed the culture and values of Americans whether they are willing to admit it or not. Advertisements are a good example of this, as they often use celebrities ...

There have been conducted numerous studies on fantasies experienced by men and women. The human mind can be named sexually dimorphic, that supposes that we consciously realize the difference between “man” and “women” fantasies. Thus, Balbus (2002) and Chodorow (1991) discuss the ideas that women and men have different types of fantasies. Balbus` work “masculinity and the (M)other” reveals the mothering theory that seems to explain how that come that females are more likely to suffer from the narcissism of the “ideal object” or to defend against the anxiety of separation from the mother that can be called ...

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Critically Explore Baudrillard's Concept Of ‘The Finest Consumer Object' Concerning Relevant Media And Cultural Examples.

Introduction Jean Baudrillard is the French culturalist theorist who has majorly contributed in the fields of sociology and philosophy. According to Baudrillard, modern consumption concept has been seen in the most of the parts of western societies. Consumption is said to be a global response that justifies world's cultural system. As per Baudrillard's assumption, the word consumption has replaced the concept of satisfaction with product differentiation. Today, consumer market is more actuated to buy those products which have brought uniqueness and differentiation to them. ...

Abstract

Destructive leadership, or toxic leadership, is known to have a damaging effect on subordinate members of the armed forces. In the military, toxic leaders are those who engender low levels of confidence, torment, overwork, and micromanage their units, inflict undue stress, and repeatedly violate their soldiers’ trust (Elle, 2012; Reed, 2004). Toxic leadership tends to undermine discipline, morale, and motivation and has a highly divisive effect on unit cohesion. The presence of toxic leadership within the army has recently been confirmed by a survey indicated at least 20 percent of officers and NCOs have worked for a toxic leader ( ...

Internet connectivity links social networks across the globe via satellite and mobile phones. The technology connects users to various service networks such as Gmail, Yahoo, Facebook, Snap Chat, Instagram, and Whatsapp. Such abilities have helped transform the globe into a global village. However, with this advancement is a growing concern that children are suffering from a lack of socialization skills due to the internet. This section explores the relationship between excessive internet use and social skills in children. The discussion should be able to reveal that there exists an inverse relationship between internet use and social skills. That is, ...

Abstract

This paper describes in detail the explanation about mass murders, the definition of mass murders and the reasons why mass murders are committed. The paper also discusses why people are prone to mass murders and what major causes that trigger mass killing. It describes in detail the relationship between ethnic, religious, social and political reasons that relate with mass murders and why people are forced into killing others. There are also references in the paper taken from mass murders of the past, exemplifying the major mass murderers penned down in history, and it also mentions the recent trends in ...

Stalking Ableism: Using Disability to Expose ‘Abled' Narcissism

Meaning of terms in the context of the chapter One of the key terms in Chapter 13 is the ableism. According to Campbell (2012, p.213), ableism is defined as "denoting an attitude that devalues or differentiates disability through the valuation of able-bodiedness equated to normalcy." Alternatively, ableism is used in the perspective of able-bodiedness to mean "a way of being" (Campbell, 2012). In other words, according to the chapter, ableism can be defined as processes, beliefs, and processes that generate a particular perception of body and self, which is reflected as species-typical and perfect. Therefore, ableism is significant and ...

Donald Trump

Donald Trump Many high-profile individuals seem larger than life when they are looked at from a distance, and can even seem unapproachable in regards to how successful they have become in their lives. While those individuals are no less human than the next person they still often exude a sense of such self-worth that the average person feels awkward, clumsy, even lessened in their presence. Quite often it is seen that those who enjoy the status of a celebrity are considered to be worthy of attention and praise that others might not ever experience. Donald Trump, whether people revere ...

Yes, the leader-follower relationship and definition of socio-cognitive paradigm according to the article do share similar thoughts on leadership as a process of interaction with others. According to the author of this article, Gazi Islam, the cognitive views on leadership to some extent emphasize follower-based leadership theories It is this psychological process that leads people to give recognition to leaders and also follow those leaders who exhibit leadership qualities and attributes. The author argues however that recently the socio-cognitive paradigm has become more pronounced in as far as leadership ideals are concerned. The only difference inherent in these approaches ...

Over the years many different generations have emerged with their various characteristics that may be influenced by the ideologies, political set up and technology at the time. These generations each play a major role in the workforce and they impact the workforce differently. The generations have different names according to how they impact the world and their level of productivity characterized by industrial revolutions, and technological advancements in these periods of time. Generation y, also referred to as millennial or echo boomers includes those born between the years 1977 and 1994 (Taylor & Gao, 2004).This generation reach adulthood in ...

Research Paper Proposal

Social media became widespread phenomenon in the second half of 2000s. Social networks like Facebook or Twitter quickly became popular globally: e.g. the total number of people using Facebook at least once per month reached 1.6 billion in 2015 (Statista, 2016). Therefore, due to their vast popularity, social media generated a number of positive and negative effects influencing the society, which are interesting to analyze. During the first years of social media existence public attention was mainly focused on positive side of social media usage, on the opportunities which humanity had never had before. But later in 2010s, when ...

Types of Different Personalities

Freud and Fromm studied four different types of personalities possessed by human beings. They are discussed in the following manner from a leadership perspective:

The Erotic Personality

Individuals that possess this personality want to be loved and needed by others all the time. Compared to respect, people in this personality group tend to emphasize more on being liked and loved by others. They want to be known to others and wish to actively socialize with others. In all erotic personality holders are attention seekers and depend on others to make them happy.

The Obsessive Personality

People in this category tend to search for better quality ...

Literature Review

Research Questions Discuss the effectiveness of narcissistic leaderships? Can it deliver positive results to the business in long term? Discuss the paradox of dark side of leadership? What is the best way to analyze the dark side of leadership? Charismatic leadership is well-known and propagated by several authors as an effective means for motivating employees and delivering results. In their article, Shamir and Howell have provided evidence to the fact that charismatic leadership emerges as an effective tool in several situations and organizations having an unstable business environment does not allow charismatic leaders to prosper (1999 p. 278). Kodish ( ...

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in civilians vs. military

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the main psychological challenge affecting veterans. According to Gaylord, Holcomb and Zolezzi (2009), up to thirty percent of combat veterans suffer from PTSD. In addition, up to 20 percent non-injured war veterans suffer from PTSD (Gaylord, Holcomb, & Zolezzi, 2009). With respect to civilians, victims of burns are more susceptible to PTSD than others. However, it is evident that PTSD is more common in military personnel than civilians.

Personality Disorders (PDs)

These are mental disorders that occur following maladaptive cognition, inner experience, and behaviors, manifested across many spheres and contradict societally acceptable behaviors (Kreger, 2008). These disorders develop ...

Validation Literature on

Literature on the Effect Constructs of Grandiose Narcissism (GN) Validation Literature on Literature on the Effect Constructs of Grandiose Narcissism (GN)

Introduction

The purpose of the proposed research is to study GN among presidents of public Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). A review of theoretical, research, and analysis of the validation of literature on the effect constructs on GN provides a variety of insights into this psychological condition affecting humans shows taxonomic and phenotypic inconsistencies as are discussed in the following. Analysis of literature on a specific research design in the past five years on this topic ...

1.0 Introduction of the Book and Background Information Essentially, USA has become an increasingly capitalistic nation that concentrates on individuality rather than a community-based orientation. This condition is embedded in almost all aspects of the Americans’ lives that include social, environmental, and political activities. The alarming self-centeredness has raised a lot of concern from scientists, socialists, psychologists, and scholars in general. As a result, it has been investigated and researched widely in order to come up with ways of combating and reducing its levels in the social realms. In this line of thought, Twenge and Campbell (2009) addressed self- centeredness and ...

According to Twenge and Campbell (2009), the level of narcissism displayed by individuals has reached epidemic proportions. The perceived self-worth of so many individuals is prominently displayed throughout society. The characteristics associated with narcissism is apparent through a quick glimpse at many of the programs offered on television through the prevalence of reality shows, such as Keeping Up With the Kardashians, Botched, and The Jersey Shore, among others. This leads one to consider what type of parenting styles encourages their children to grow up with the perception that they are the center of the universe as well as the measures ...

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INTRODUCTION

Kids of today are the future consumers of tomorrow. Marketers and consumer brands have understood and identified this fact and have targeted their marketing efforts towards this generation to emotionally attach with them and raise loyal customers for them. As stated by the VC of J. Walter Thompson a renowned advertising agency that marketing and advertising is not only about creating awareness of products but the bigger idea is to create a future consumer base who are eager to buy more and attach with the brand. Marketers and advertisers have targeted young adults ...

Heinz Kohut and Otto Kernberg

Heinz Kohut and Otto Kernberg are both psychoanalysts and professors of psychiatry. With their theories, they have greatly influenced the past and current psychoanalytic believes. Both are inclined to the observation and treatment of patients that were generally believed that they could not appropriately fit the analytic therapy. They both deal with persons with narcissistic, borderline, and psychotic psychopathology. Despite their concern and same interests in fighting these abnormalities, their perspective regarding causes, psychic arrangements, and treatment of these abnormalities is different. From the general outlook Kohut is described as a self-theorist who essentially emerged from Sigmund’s Freud conjectural ...

It has been slightly over a decade since the infamous Tom launched the first major social network, Myspace. The site provided a way for current friends to chat and old friends to reconnect. It was not long before Myspace became an epicenter for new and old friendships, as well as a display of the individual’s personality, making it aptly titled. With the progression of Myspace, and other social networks like Facebook, Tumblr, Twitter, and Instagram have stopped encouraging friendships and started encouraging the sharing of thoughts and photos. What was once a tool for connection to others, a network, had become an instrument ...

In Willa Cather’s short story “Paul’s Case,” the titular character has no shortage of problems – his middle-class malaise, his dissatisfaction with life as it is, and the frustration of the ideals of art not matching the mundane nature of his existence. However, one implicit, unspoken frustration he has is Paul’s sexuality, which is either latent or difficult to openly express in his life: “Central to the full experience of the story is recognition of the fact of Paul’s homosexuality, a ‘fact’ that is nowhere stated openly” (Summers 108). Combined with the aforementioned issues, it is no ...

Abstract

American Culture has undergone many turns and twists throughout the centuries. It has always been determined to provide a tangential impasse into the lives of the American citizens as well as that of the events that encircle him /her in a wider global perspective. Perhaps that had been the proper way of interpretation of the society and its elements on a global as well as local perspective for the media. However in recent years, there seems to be an influence on the media channels as well as cable networks to highlight the importance of only the internal complexities of the American social ...

The film, Sleeping with the Enemy reviews interesting ideas that are relevant to the modern society. The film highlights that many developments happen in a society with the aim of improving people’s welfare. However, the ethical backgrounds of the events in the lives of common people dictate many elements about the relations of the people with their environments. Political and economic differences among the people lead to social deviations and disagreements among the people in the society. The ideas of death and social distractions are apparent in the film, sleeping with the Enemy. This film depicts a perfect society with ...

Psychology

In the article of Kahn, she described the common behavior of juveniles who are considered as psychopaths as those children who are callous-unemotional (Kahn, “Can You Call a 9-Year-Old a Psychopath?”). These are the minors, who at their young ages, have shown lack of empathy and remorse for their actions. These symptoms are considered at the determining factors that a child may become a psychopath when he or she becomes an adult (Kahn, “Can You Call a 9-Year-Old a Psychopath?”). This conclusion is based on the psychological exams conducted using the following tools such as the Child Psychopathy Scale and Antisocial Process Screening Device ...

Introduction

The ‘me’ society can be defined as a culture where people follow the phrase ‘every man for himself’ to get ahead and do whatever it takes to be the center of attention even if that means putting their needs above that of their children or family. The ‘me’ culture has destroyed many a person and ruined many a friendship not to mention relationships, people force themselves into corners that they did not have to because of their selfishness and arrogance; this forces people around them to turn their back to them. “Moving away from the ‘me’ environment to a ‘we’ environment will allow ...

Explain How Social Media Leads To Narcissism

Introduction In modern society of technologies, Internet and Social Networks Epidemics, people divided into two types –those who want to show themselves to everyone and those who follow “celebrities”. The most popular social network is Facebook for sure. However just 4 years ago a new social network INSTAGRAM appeared. It became the most popular social network based on photos. Instagram was founded in October 2010 by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and in April 2012 Facebook bought it for 1 billion of dollars. In century of Plastic surgery, fashion fever, silicone, botox and other “beauty tricks” everyone wants to ...

A picture is worth a thousand words, definitely pictures can express human thoughts, emotions and dreams that can never be uttered by the lips. Back then, people can record physical appearance and historical events through paintings. On the other hand, a Frenchman named Joseph Niepce took the first permanent photograph in 1827 (Madgwick, 28). Photography made it easier for people to record history without resorting to paint the entire scenery that they see. Rich men and women, especially those who belong to the aristocracy choose photography for their personal portraits; adding a touch of modernism to their noble countenance. In short, the ...

The following paper discusses white-collar crime, its effect on society, and theories to address this issue. There will first be a discussion of what white-collar crime is and who are the usual offenders. From there the discussion will shift to the reasoning behind the crime these perpetrators commit. To finish the paper we will look at a case study completed on the mindset of white-collar criminals and I will present two solutions to a problem that could greatly effect the future of our society. There are a variety of sources used for this research including books and a scholarly article. The attempt is not ...

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Introduction

Social networking sites are ubiquitous, and the father of all these sites known as Facebook has incessantly gained popularity among students, working people and even individuals who are merely staying home. It has become effective in marketing its usage that most people spend most of their time in the social networking site. This site reached its main objective of encouraging people to connect with their love ones, regardless of their location, update their profile to inform everyone of what is happening in your life and even establish connection with other people ...

Narcissism is in most cases and instances exhibited and shown in people who have a wide and varied range of mental aspects, perspectives and life. The mental situation of a person directly dictates and controls the type and kind of personality that a person would bear in life. Most specifically, thy mental state is categorized into the characteristic set of the mind. Secondly, is the state and aspect of changes, modifications or alterations in the metacognitive skills that are inherent within a human being. It is to say and imply that there happens to be a particular strain in one trying to understand and ...

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Professional Leadership Journal – Narcissism Assessment

Introduction Narcissism is psychoanalytic analysis concept, which deals with personality disorder. Along with this, it is a social problem as well. Narcissism can be present in any individual or a group of people. There are four dimensions of narcissism presented are authority/ leadership, arrogance/superiority, exploitive/entitlement and self-admiration/self-absorption.

About the perspective of Narcissism

In the public health leadership, the leaders may be adopting the trait that is authority/leadership . Let us understand the concept of narcissism more clearly by the example that is, “One of the famous leader names Jackson in America fought a lot against narcissism in his era. He fought for re-election in his ...

Narcissism

The trait in question is narcissism. The unit of measure of this trait is Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Narcissism is the quality of one who seeks gratification from vanity; an egotistic person who admires excessively his or her attributes (Holmes, 2001). This is usually derived from arrogance. A person suffering from narcissism is said to have Narcissistic Personality Disorder. It is considered to be a societal ill and is a concept of psychoanalytic theory. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory is a measure that is taken to measure the standards of Narcissism psychological research (American Psychological Association, 1987). The measure is used to measure ...

The international integration has contributed to the development of cultural and trade interaction. Social media refer to the usage of modern technology, especially through mobile applications to enhance social interaction. Technological advancement has enhanced the growth of social media industry; people have ventured into the industry due to the increased opportunities. The virtual immediate response, time, and hogging space have been useful in fostering the social media development (Adams para 1). It is crucial to assess the history, development, pros, cons, and impact of social media in the modern society. Communication development has encountered various changes as various ...

Introduction

Narcissism helps in self-assessment and providing the supportive attributes that are connected to personal characters. The issues that are considered in the narcissism have role in the identification of personal objectives regarding self-awareness. It is essential for self-understanding as one can clearly track the channel and the attributes that help in attaining goals in the future (Frumkin, Hess, & McMichael, 2008). Understanding of the issues that surround in the public health contributes to attaining of the leadership skill that connects them to the societal wellbeing. As a leader, there are certain areas they are supposed be perfect in healthy coordination.

The insight gained from narcissism assessment

The ...

The advent of new technologies (Internet, virtual realities) is altering the conventional settings of psychological practice and research (Wiederhold, 2013). Cyberpsychology, a recent branch of Psychology, presents the advantage of shedding light on various aspects of personality from a unique perspective. Contemporarily relevant cyber tools of personality analysis can be used to extract valuable insights about issues of psychological well-being like self-esteem, narcissism and loneliness. This paper will explore the relationship between self-esteem, self-image and social networking, as well as the potential of cyberpsychology to investigate human behaviors. The impact of online communities on the formation of identity has already ...

I was raised in the Jewish faith so my sense of self for many years was a tiny idea lost in a very crowded room. On the other hand I knew my sense of self existed with the shared belief and shared faith of millions of others Jews. Until this year when suddenly I realized that my sense of self has nothing to do with the Jewish religion. I had a ‘light bulb’ moment this year during a Rosh Ha Shana service in which I was overwhelmed with anger at the sexism, homophobia, elitism, and irrationality I found inherent in the religion. My ...

Introduction

ADHD is the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the disorders of neurodevelopment type in which it depicts significant problems in terms of attention of acting impulsively or hyperactivity. The symptoms should begin when on is six years old to twelve and such individuals should avail themselves for checkups and diagnosis. The essence of such disorders affects individual’s performance in school. The insufficiency in the absence of paying attention by the student may result in poor performance in school. The synthesis will explain various scenarios as highlight from different sources explaining the ADHD in various situations and ...

Joel Stein opened his argument with a very strong empathic tone “I am about to do what old people have done throughout history: call those younger than me lazy, entitled, selfish and shallow. But I have studies! I have statistics! I have quotes from respected academics! Unlike my parents, my grandparents and my great-grandparents, I have proof.” Stein’s premise goes with the idea that despite the fact that millenials (the Me Me Me generation)—those who were born between the period 1980s to 2000—are inherently narcissistic, selfish, shallow, lazy, and obsessed with entitlement traits, they may not be that ...

In my opinion, president barrack Obama qualifies as a pathological narcissist because the traits that describe his behavior are listed by the DSM IV criteria as the core symptoms of the narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). Perhaps the most significant factor guiding my opinion is the actuality that Obama is obsessed with power, and exaggeration of personal achievements. I am a keen observer of the speeches that president Obama makes, especially during his campaign speeches. In his 2008 Democrat nomination speech, then senator Obama says, “We are the ones we have been waiting for”. If one was to break down this statement, ...

English

- Introduction The late twentieth century has become the “'age of the image” in the sense that gender roles has affected the stereotypical representation of men and women. McDermott and Schwartz argued that the gender role journey theory is suited to comprehend how men and women adapt their gender role identities in society (202). At the same time, media has presented a theoretical framework in the manner men traverse from positions of acceptance of the conventional gender roles to feminist activism and gender role supremacy. To be able to have a deeper understanding of the gender role journey over time, ...

In Oscar Wilde’s classic novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray” the Victorian sensibility regarding materialism and aestheticism is quite apparent. By looking at examples of materialism and its consequences in “The Portrait of Dorian Gray” we can gain a better understand of how art and material objects was valued during the Victorian Age. Materialism and aestheticism both have a place in society yet Dorian’s gradual dissension into obsession, serves as a warning that unequal social classes and the pursuit above pleasure and power above all else is indeed a dangerous path. Dorian Gray’s relationship to objects illustrates his need to ...

When The Second Sex had been published in 1949, the author of the book Simone de Beauvoir was thirty-seven years old. The Second Sex took the literary market by storm and in just one week, 22,000 copies of the book were sold. Many readers were shocked by the way de Beauvoir frankly discusses the female body and female sexuality. The book was placed on the Index of Forbidden Books by the Vatican (Gray). Why did the society of the time scandalize the content of the book? Why did the de Beauvoir’s book end up breaking all taboos? ...

Dark Side of Leadership

Leadership is almost always associated with positive outcomes that we tend to forget that at times, leaders fail. The causes of leadership failure have been the focus of many studies in recent years, resulting in many theories concentrating on leaders’ behaviours and characteristics which ultimately produced disastrous results for their organisations. These kinds of behaviour and vulnerabilities fundamentally constitute the dark side of leadership.

Slattery argues that although there has been an increasing focus on the dark side of leadership in recent literature, there is a lack of solid description about it and instead, ‘literature focus on particular characteristics or ...

ON ADULTS AND CHILDREN IN THE US

The Effects of Materialism & Consumerism on Adults & Children in the US

It is a common instance each year that different brand labels launch a brand new or updated product just in time for a special occasion. Whether it may be in time for the change of seasons or just for the holidays, there is something new. In some countries, particularly developed countries, can follow the trend and buy whenever there is a release. For other countries, they would only buy something new once they have the money to buy them. Why are companies bent on releasing new items almost each month and why ...

Abstract

In the present paper, the issue of personality development is discussed from the perspective of psychoanalysis. Since followers of psychoanalysis studied personality in its integrity of inner and outer worlds and dynamics of development, the phenomenon was analyzed from interdisciplinary and systematic perspectives. In order to understand the integrity of psychoanalytic approach to studying of personality development, three major psychoanalytical models of Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein and Heinz Kohut are outlined. Freud’s concept of personality development is analyzed on the basis of his structural model of personality and stages of psychosexual development. Klein’s approach is based on ...

Introduction

Aggression is hostile behavior aimed at causing physical or psychological harm. Aggression can be indirect or direct, verbal or physical and active or passive. There are several social factors that cause aggression. These factors include media violence, Stereotype and social identity, threat Collective narcissism, Status, competition and mating motives personal characteristics, cultural factors direct provocation and frustration among others.

When an individual watches media, observational learning takes place. This brings the indication that excessive exposure to media violence increases probability of any individual to behave aggressively. (Barbara etal, 2010). Metaanalysis and reviews have indicated that this effect is ...