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Hi. I am streptococcus bacterium. I belong in the family Streptococcaceae. My name streptococcus means twisted berry which describes mu characteristic grouping in chains which looks like a string of beads. I am nonmotile and gram positive. I am a common type of prokaryote. I can cause various diseases in humans and animals. If I were to look for a partner, I want something that thrives in the anus, pharynx, and skin because these are my carrier state. I can also look for a partner in raw milk and contaminated foods like eggs and milk. For me, the dirtier ...

Discussion

Post#3: The high added sugar content in snacks, beverages and baby food is a critical health issue, worldwide. The three articles I retrieved from different sources showed the similar information on packaged food that is highlighted in my first post. One article by Chai et al. of Global News cited the quote of Dr. Hammond, “Canadian kids consume 33 tablespoons of sugar” (Chai et al.). According to this, the major concern related to this sugar consumption is the extra supply of sugar to the body that may lead to obesity and other health problems. Another article authored by Puzic ...

Introduction of Topic

Burden of Deep Vein Thrombosis Deep vein thrombosis is a severe preventable cause of morbidity-mortality around the globe. This disease is so silent hence difficult in diagnosing it and so it is seen as a significant challenge regarding diagnosis. The Little level of clinical suspicion and higher incidence and fatality makes deep vein thrombosis a grave concern to the world (Jaff, et al, 2011). In the United States, 1 to 2 in every 1,000 people is likely to be affect by deep vein thrombosis annually. There is also an estimation that up to 100,000 Americans scampers to ...

DNA in Forensic Science

Forensic Science deals with investigations of suspects or criminals in crime scenes legally. In most cases, there are usually a lot of people involved in crime scenes. Some of them being innocent while some are the criminals. Also, there may be one criminal involved in an incidence. In Forensic Science, DNA is used to differentiate the individuals so that the criminal among them can be known. Additionally, DNA analysis is performed in the paternity testing. It enables the determination of a parent or parents of a child. DNA analysis is now being regarded as scientific evidence ("Application of forensic ...

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Differences between a causal and a correlation Causation refers to the cause of something to happen. A causal claim shows that the two events are related to each other in such a way that one event is the effect of the other. Suppose there are two events; b and c, then a causal claim can take the form of “b causes c” in which b refers to the cause and c refers to the effect. On the other hand, correlation shows that the two variables (events) are related to each other in such a way that ...

Thin Layer Chromatography of Amino Acids

Introduction The technique used for this experiment was thin layer chromatography (TLC). TLC is used to separate components of a mixture (Clark, 2016). The purpose of this experiment was to identify an unknown amino acid. The components will have different affinities to the stationary and mobile phases. The various components will travel at different rates based on their affinity to either the mobile or stationary phase (Clark). A polar stationary phase is used in TLC experiments and the mobile phase can be a combination of solvents or just one solvent (psu.edu, n.d.). TLC can also be used to monitor ...

On a daily basis, I use energy to watch television, listen to music, cook, take a hot shower, and warm the house. All these activities involve the use of energy, thereby making it a fundamental part of our daily lives. The sources of energy that I use include electricity, solar power, and natural gas. Renewable energy encompasses energy that is generated from resources that can be replenished naturally such as rain, sun, wind and geothermal heat (Hansen, 2014). Renewable energy sources provide energy that can be used in the generation of electricity, water and air cooling or heating, home ...

Bacteria refer to the regnum of prokaryotes (Sundararaj, Mudaliar, Anthoniraj, Kannan, Muthukaruppan). For the current moment, it accounts for more than ten thousand kinds of bacteria. The bacterium is recognized as one of the most ancient of living organisms, arising about 3.9 – 3.5 billion years ago. Bacteria have the substantial variation in the ways of metamorphic and energetic metabolism. Thus, autotrophs can synthesize all necessary organic molecules from non-organic compounds, whereas heterotrophs demand active organic compounds to transform them. The biggest degree of heterotrophs belongs to intracellular parasites. They are called saprophytes (Sundararaj, Mudaliar, Anthoniraj, Kannan, Muthukaruppan) and can ...

Patterns of Inheritance

A homozygous brown mink was crossed with a silverblue mink. Brown (B) is dominant to silverblue. There were 9 offspring. What color were they? (B) Two of the offspring were mated. What would the ratio of brown to silverblue offspring be? What fraction of the offspring will be homozygous brown? Heterozygous? Homozygous recessive?

Let B represent the allele for brown color and b represent the allele for silver blue

Punnet square between homozygous brown mink and silver mink homozygous brown mink X Silver mink bb X BB

All the 9 offspring were brown

Mating two of the offspring Punnet square showing f1 generation will be as follows Bb X Bb Ratio of brown to silverblue is 3: 1 Fraction of homozygous ...

A General Outlook on Meiosis and Mitosis Processes

Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Think phases, starting and ending products, chromosome numbers, the purpose of each, and the cell types that complete each type of division. Be sure to do a DIRECT compare and contrast, and write in paragraph form - Mitosis involves one cellular division resulting in identical daughter cells while meiosis involves two cellular divisions resulting in different daughter cells. Meiosis produces four haploid cells while mitosis produces two diploid cells- this ensures genetic diversity by sexual reproduction in meiosis and cellular reproduction and production of general growth products in mitosis. The chromosome number also ...

The first TED talk that I will review will be the talk by Jill Tarter named Join the SETI Search. It would not be true if I said that I learned a lot new information from her speech – I’ve known about the SETI beforehand and that it consists of an array of telescopes. Although it also would not be true to say that I learned nothing from this TED talk. The main goal of Jill Tarter’s speech was not to educate the broad audience about SETI's working mechanics; it was also not about explaining the recent findings ( ...

Q1. Explain the regulation of the cell cycle

Every cell is regulated by particular checkpoints to ensure that the daughter cells are exact duplications. This is to help guarantee that cell mutations are not passed on to the next generation of cells. In eukaryotic cells, there are three main checkpoints. These are points at which cell replication can be halted until certain conditions are met (Boundless, 2016). The first checkpoint is near the end of the G1 phase. It is here that DNA gets evaluated and checked for damage. If damage has occurred, it either gets corrected or gets prevented from moving on to the next phase ( ...

1. A fever of unknown origin (FUO) in a patient with leukemia leads itself to a wide range of differential diagnoses. Traditionally FUO is divided into four categories: classic, nosocomial, neutropenic, and HIV-associated. Classic FUO can be a result of infections, malignancy, or collagen vascular disease. Nosocomial FUO is most likely due to C. difficle infections, pulmonary embolism, or an infected catheter. Neutropenic FUO can be caused by opportunistic bacterial or fungal infection. Lastly, HIV FUO can be due to M. avium-intracellulare complex or P. carinii. Most likely because of the patient’s WBC count and history of leukemia, ...

Abstract

This examination paper acknowledges the spectacular diversity of reproductive adaptations for survival of various categories of land plants. It describes a typical life cycle of a land plant that reproduces via spores. It also identifies the different parts of Plant organs and their functions such as cell organelles, parts of a land plant, and epidermal cells. A microscope is an important tool for examination of biological specimens, including cell’s internal structures called organelle and is important in magnifying the focused area. Plants are classified into four main groups, namely, ferns, mosses, flowering and confers. This paper finds that ...

Body Fluids

Some parameters of urine “macroscopic” examination are quantity, color, clarity and cloudiness. Some of the constituents that might be observed in a urine “microscopic” examination are epithelial cells, crystals, bacteria or yeast and protozoan casts. Three conditions that can occur prior to a specimen being poured into a centrifuge tube that can produce false-negative microscopic results are the use of an old, unpreserved specimen, failure to mix the specimen and an amorphous precipitation. For the overall evaluation of the sediment and the detection and quantity of casts, the magnification that should be used is 100x. On the other hand ...

Introduction

Before the collapse of the USSR the international community was divided into two opposing parts: the socialist and capitalist countries. Among the latter, there were so-called third countries - a group of developing (mainly underdeveloped) countries ("Third World Definition | Investopedia", 2011). This division was confrontational due to the idealistic notion that the whole world is going through a transition to socialism, which represents a higher stage of economic development and social justice. In socialist countries, it was believed that socialism can be achieved without going through a long, painful years of feudal and capitalist development. Currently there is no ...

PART 1

1. Spherule Spherule is the smaller spherical structure that lives inside the host. Such as, in the case Coccidioides immitis when it enters the host the fungal hyphae breaks into smaller spores and develop into spherules which release endospores through rupturing inside the host. 2. Pyogranulomatous Pyogranuloma is an inflammatory process that involves polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in the affected area of inflammation which can be manifested by the presence of macrophages, mononuclear cells, and lymphocytes. Such as Histoplasma capsulatum infections may result in Pyogranulomatous reactions inside dermal and subcutaneous tissues. 3. Differential Diagnosis Differential diagnosis is a medical term ...

The question of what constitutes after life has been explored for thousands of years. Whereas it is possible to group articles clearly as living or non-living, it is tough to define some of the characteristics that constitute life. In biology, life is widely defined as the possession of several features such as respiration, feeding, and an ability to sense irritation. Growth and development, as well as the disposal of waste, are also properties of living beings, besides being able to reproduce (Kurzgesagt). Kurzgesagt video, “What is life? Is death Real,” explores some of the elements that constitute life in ...

Frozen embryos versus fresh embryos in IVF

An article published in ScienceDaily.com (September 10, 2015) described the latest finding regarding the frozen human embryos used in IVF. The source of this article information was a research content provided by University of New South Wales that claimed the use of frozen and thawed embryos in IVF cycles delivered the similar rate of success as shown by fresh embryo transfer and implantation. The article also cited the information from the main report that exhibited success stats for frozen embryos had been 39% in 2009 that promoted to 45% in 2013. Another article published on ScienceDaily.com stated that the ...

Unraveled the mystery of the smell

A recent article published on May 2016 on the ScienceDaily website named “Insight into the mystery of smell” provided few interesting facts on the latest discovery on smell mechanisms. The article rotates around the research conducted by Tian and co-workers (Tian et al.) that uncovered the machinery that works behind that how our brain sense the different smells and they concluded that a plain physics principle works here that is cooperativity. The article presented a strong summary of this journal article published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016 under the title "Achieving Diverse And Monoallelic Olfactory ...

Tissue Staining

Q.7 Epithelium covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and also forms gland. They serve as protective covers to the underlying tissues and prevents harm caused by physical, chemical and biological agents, to a significant extent. In addition, they also act as barriers, allowing the selected entry and exit of substances across the epithelium. The glandular epithelium has secretory function. Example: Epithelium of the pancreas, stomach, intestine, kidney. The epithelium lining the stomach and intestine help to absorb nutrients. (Henrikson, Kaye and Mazurkiewicz,1997) Q1. Micrograph A : Simple cuboidal epithelium. The cube shape of the cells and the centrally ...

Question 1

Compare and contrast the concept of metagenome and microbiome. The microbiome is a term used in describing the entire habitat; it includes microorganisms and their genomes and the surrounding environmental conditions. The microbiome is defined based on the biotic and abiotic factors in a specified environment. On the other hand, metagnome can be defined as a collection of genes and genomes normally from the members of the microbiota. Microbiota is an ecological community that includes symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms that share our body space. The analysis of microbiome can be done for a large number of samples and can ...

How can vitamin and mineral deficiencies lead to bone disease?

There are multiple vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, and K) and five chief minerals essential for a holistic body growth and development that are calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and potassium. Calcium is required for developing strong teeth and bones. Moreover, calcium also facilitates the multiple functions including regulation of blood pressure, hormonal pathways, muscles, nerves and vascular functions. The calcium is acquired by various food sources such as milk, cheese, vegetables and cereals, tofu and juices. The major cause of calcium deficiency or hypocalcemia is ageing which decays with the increasing age and bones become less dense and ...

Becky TysonDate April 26th, 2015Biology IIProfessor Raven

The human population has grown tremendously worldwide since time immemorial. Originally, there was one ancestor from whom the present 7 billion human populations grew (Miller & Spoolman, 2015). The original human ancestors lived in one particular part of the globe. However, as the population increased and the need for more resources and better living conditions emerged, the people spread to different parts of the earth. The origin of man is not well known yet. However, many theories have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. Most researchers believe that Homo sapiens originated from Africa from where its descendants moved to the ...

INTRODUCTION

Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to Klebsiella species of Enterobacteriaceae and constitutes the normal flora of the human mouth and intestine. K. pneumonia is the most predominant and clinically critical organism. Infections with K. pneumoniae are mostly contracted from the hospitals and principally occur in patients with damaged host defenses. The objective of this study is to perform techniques to identify the bacterium in the given sample and confirm its presence by staining and microscopic analysis.

Streaking may be performed on the clinical sample using Mac Conkey agar or blood agar with the goal of isolating colonies of the organism from ...

Milestones in Research Project

Budgetary Estimations Salary/Wages Expenses It is estimated that the project will need six subordinate staff members and two technical staff members to team up with me. The subordinate will earn a salary of $1000 per month each translating to $130,000 per an employee for the thirteen months the project will run. All the six subordinate staff members will earn a total of $ 780,000. The two technical staff will earn $ 1,200 each, translating to a total of $31,200 for the entire period.

Transport Allowances

Transport is estimated to be $900 during the first phase and $600 for the ...

Immunology

The rearrangement of T cell receptor (TCR) genes g and d occur in series of cells expressing variable Vg and Vd gene segments. The lymphoid precursor cells originate in the bone marrow and move to the thymus. Preliminary T cells are devoid of TCR, CD4 and CD8 molecules and are called double negative thymocytes . These double negative T cells may be further categorized into four phases of differentiation (DN1, CD44+CD25-; DN2, CD44+CD25+; DN3, CD44-CD25+; and DN4, CD44-CD25-) . CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule and CD25 serves as the IL-2 receptor. Passage into the DN2 and DN4 stages ...