Muslim College Essays Samples For Students

Anti-Islam attitudes, particular towards the Muslims and their informal and formal policies and codes of conduct are has become the main target of the Western media. This prejudice has manifested itself in various parts of the non-Muslim world. The Muslims have been portrayed by the Western media as dirty, brutal, uneducated, untrustworthy and fanatical terrorists. Throughout the western world, there exist a strong Islam-phobia; the strong feeling of Islam-phobia takes very many forms including hate and discrimination. Islam-phobia linked to terrorist attacks that are carried by Islamic fundamentalists. The strong anti-Muslim attitudes are widespread in Britain, France, United States and other western countries ( ...

Islamic Art: Understanding Visual Wealth behind Religion

The consistent way of adding in faith into their work was a distinct characteristic of Islamic art. Among the primary themes that are found in such artistic works include the presentation of Mohammad, the distinct identification of Allah’s power and the way the Moslems prayed and praised their God Allah. These particular presentations about common themes in the Islamic belief create a well-drawn definition on how they ought to follow the distinct rules of Islam in their lives. What is specifically evident in most Islamic art forms is the absence of personas unlike other religious works.

Relatively, the Moslem artists ...

Islam Development

Islam is believed to be one of the oldest religions in the world. It is not clearly how it came into being, but most historians argue that it originated from Christianity and Judaism. It was formed in the 7th century C.E in the Middle East. It was founded on grounds of the teachings of Prophet Muhammad as a manifestation of submission to Allah’s will, whom Muslims believe is the creator and protector of the world. It is imperative to note that Islam has two subdivisions; the Shi’a and Sunni (Goldschmidt and Lawrence, 34-36). Despite the two divisions claiming different ...

A very important issue in inter-cultural communication is the varied difference in the gestures and practices across cultures of the world. For Americans it is quite troublesome that the peace sign is actually taken as showing the finger in nations like United Kingdom, South Africa and Australia. Actually, the palm needs to face outwards so that an individual is not mistaken in this context.

In the United States of America, thumbs up is taken as a common positive gesture, while in Iran the gesture as the worst possible insult and hence it needs to ...

The Islam religion, just like other religions in the world is built on a rich history that defines what the religion is today. There are events in the past of the religion that lead the way to what it is in our current societies. People would say that the best way to understand the present is to look back to the past. I believe that the chapter on both the past and present of the Islam religion will provide the needed connection in order to deepen the understanding of the religion. The religion, for example, is also rich with festivities ...

In the past, many critics note that the American media continues to manipulate stories about counties around the world. With this manipulation there is discrepancy in the modern way the media omit, twist, and report inaccurate and often biased information about other countries in the world. In Australia, the media presents Islam as a religion laced with violence. In fact, much of the public’s knowledge about the Muslim and Islamic affairs stems from media reports that cloud the perception of the people. Many critics in Australia point to the fact that the media the listeners judgment about the events ...

Muslims are one of the world’s most influential religious groups occupying an equal position with Christians, Buddhists, Judaists, and followers of other less known religious confessions. Muslims were traditionally associated with certain countries in the Middle East, and preferred to inhabit specific regions not to mix with other religions’ representatives. However, modern evidence suggests that Muslims are disseminating around the world, inhabiting countries in which they were previously not met. To identify the current socio-demographic trends in the Muslim world, the Pew Report experts analyzed trends typical for Muslims regarding changes in their geographical location.

1. The major ...

Introduction

A ritual is defined as a patterned behavior that recurs sequentially. It is the vehicle that allows basic ideas, for instance, in defining what is good and evil, as well as the proper existence of social relationships, to be impacted to a particular group. However, these rituals are very important components in religion because of the following discussed reasons.
First, a ritual plays an important role in the process of making a covenant. For example, Christians believe that circumcision was a covenant between God and Abraham. Therefore, some still follow that act in the Old Testament bible by performing circumcision rituals, such as ...

Introduction

Characterized by an impressive history and dynamic foreign relations focused on controlling the resources of this area, Gulf region is an interesting case study for understanding the international relations (IR) theories. This essay aims to identify how IR theories explain the situation in Gulf countries and to decipher the Arab Spring and its foreign relations.

Body

Gulf countries have built a self-constructed image of being different because of their common Islamic religion, shared same history, common language and experiences (Gelvin 2). Shimko (37) observes that collective egoism is enrooted in the belief that the members of certain groups are better than ...

Question 1:

At times, it is thought that religion is as old as humanity is. That is, all along, people chose to believe in some kind of a super-natural being that controlled the happenings in those days and still continues to determine how people’s lives run today. Religion has its roots to the belief that there is a creator who controls everything. In the Franco-Eurasian continents in the 10th Century CE, there were various religions that dominated the land. The oldest form of religion was the Hellenism (sdsu.edu, 31). This religion was largely Greek based. It did not believe in the existence ...

Mohammad was the son of Abdullah, who was a descendant of Ishmael. The latter was the son of Abraham and Hagar. Muhammad was born in Mecca City in August 570 AD. He later became the founder of a major religion - Islam. The main aspects of Muhammad’s life include his troubled childhood, adult life as a trader, marriage to Khadija, meditation and revelations in Hira Cave, founding of Islam, persecution of Muslims and his death.
Muhammad was born at a time when Arabs were polytheists –worshippers of multiple gods and goddesses. The worship of many deities was as a result of numerous ...

English

Halal Food
Halal food has become a highly conversational subject in our world. Many people are familiar with the word Halal, while others do not know what Halal means. Halal food refers only to meat and chicken, and it means that the meat is slaughtered in different way. Halal is an Arabic term that means permitted. The food is permissible according to Islamic law; for a meat as certified Halal, it is not forbidden such as meat from hindquarters or animal such as pork. The Halal method is specifically practiced by the religions that believe in the God of Abraham. ...

Introduction

The discrimination against Shia Muslims, in the Middle East, has existed for centuries. The act of injustice needs to stop since Muslims are only allowed to practice their belief only in their city. The Shia Muslims forms the minority population of Saudi Arabia. However, Wahabi Muslims who are their greatest enemies normally humiliate and degrade them with the aim of making them feel as outcast in that community. Their attitude towards Shia Muslim is totally deplorable.

Body

The Shia Muslim community has experienced a number of restrictions and persecutions over centuries from both the national government and Wahabi Muslims.
- ...

(Insert Institute)
(Insert Course)
(Insert Date of Submission)

My name is Selim. I am from the Ottoman Empire where I worked as a Cassoum with my job description entailing property handling for the orphans in my city. The city of Salonica was my home, where I lived with my wife, three sons, and my sister-in-law. You should know my house was one of the largest in the city standing on a pleasantly vast property with an incredible view of the city and its residents. It is no wonder the government moved so fast to posses it upon my exile. ...

Every religion has its rituals and ceremonies to mark important milestones. These events often bring together adherents in expressing their commitment to their deity, faith and to one another. The ninth month in the calendar of the Islamic faith is called Ramadan. During this month, a Muslim fasts during the day. Fasting is one of Islam’s Five Pillars and a form of worship. Ramadan is a time for reflection, benevolence, self-control, discipline and greater commitment to Allah (Glassé 377).
The Islamic calendar and the conventional one differ in some aspects. Muslims, therefore, celebrate it on different days of the conventional ...

It’s rather usual relatively chilly autumn day in London and to the world a major event has caught the attention of viewers across the world. Pictures of two dark skinned men wielding a machete, a revolver and a cleaver and a Caucasian male lying prostate. A red sedan is also parked next to the three men. There is nothing unusual in having three men near a busy road in London, however, what could have transpired to bring about the circulation of the pictures of the three men?
Dressed in a black hoodie, Jake (not his real name) was jogging back to the military barracks ...

Discussion Paper: Review of Egypt in Crisis

Introduction
After more than 30 years of authoritarian rule under Hosni Mubarak, Egypt has finally moved towards democratization – a theme that is highly apparent during the so-called Arab Spring that caused massive uprisings and protests within the nation in 2011. With resounding calls for the establishment of free and fair elections following the ouster of Mubarak, Egyptians finally succeeded in electing their first-ever democratically elected leader in 30 years, Mohammed Morsi. Morsi, a leader of the Islamic political faction Muslim Brotherhood, won the elections not through a landslide victory, but rather through a mandate highly skeptical over his opponent, a Mubarak-era minister named ...

Following APA Guidelines

Kingdom of Heaven, directed by Ridley Scott, served against its title as an anti-religion humanist piece. The moral of the film was that being human and showing humanity was greater and more powerful than religion. Kingdom of Heaven used a traditional storyline, showing a believing hero, or in this case, a Christian. He is easy to sympathize with and gives the film a religious undertone. However, after Balian, the hero, begins to see the world through the bloodshed of the crusades, he begins to understand that religion is not doing anything good for humankind and rejects is former views for that of the ...

Religious differences between Islam and Christianity have existed since the ancient days of human kind. The reason behind such differences can be explained by the ideological distinction between the two worldviews. The existence of one is seen as a threat to the other: as the bible says in Exodus 34:14 that you shall worship no other god for the Lord. However, there are some unique instances of similarities in which the two worldviews preach to their believers. In this concern, there are many positives to take from what the two worldviews project in the life on earth. This essay will ...

In 1992 there Parliamentary elections marked the end of the civil war and the beginning of Lebanon's second republic. All militias were dismantled except Hezbollah (Lebanese Resistance). Hariri, Lebanese, was in charge of forming a cabinet, he had the support of Syria and he was seen as the one that was going to bring peace to Syria and Lebanon. His plan was to rebuild the city, bring business and tourism. His cabinet was large, but there were neither Christians nor Hezbollah’s representations (p.6).
Hezbollah was worried that Hariri would restrict the movement of the resistance or bring it ...

Introduction

Although some might use pluralism and diversity interchangeably, they are not the same thing. For example, diversity exists where more than one religion exists in a same area, which is not pluralism. When all these religions in the same location share common beliefs and work together to forge ahead without major differences; that can be called pluralism. Polarization, on the other hand, finds differences in the different religions and opts to separate the two based on the differences. This letter is addressed to a community leader and a radical who does not believe in any other religion other than his own. He ...

English: Culture and Thinking

Intercultural communication aims at sharing information among people from different cultures. It encompasses wide a range of communication procedures and deals with problems faced when people from different culture are working together in one organization. The article selected for this paper is “The Crisis in Burma” taken from the website of International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect (ICRtoP); link of the article is mentioned in the citation. In this paper, only Part VI of the article will be summarized and compared with the Bennett article as it is only this part that deals with the ethnic and religious discrimination ...

Before the arrival of Prophet Muhammad, the world was going through a state called ‘Jahiliyah’, which is referred to as ignorance in English. There existed a lot of evil during that period including killing of female babies, tribal warfare, greed, racism, abuse of orphans and poor as well as women degradation.
Prophet Muhammad is said to have been sent by Allah to save the mankind from such oppression. Muhammad was born in the 7th century during the time when women in Arabia had few or no rights. Women had no right to life as it could be seen when they ...

Islam death and burial rituals

Death is usually a painful yet an inevitable experience. In Islam, death is not only considered a rite of passage but also a determining moment of where the soul of the deceased will go. Death rituals are a common observance, which are aimed at ensuring that the decreased has a good send off and allow the family members and friends to mourn their deceased. Burial of the dead in Islam is done within the day of death except in other avoidable circumstances. I had the opportunity to attend a burial ritual for a male Muslim and observed how the ritual was conducted.
Some of the ...

The religion that I follow is Islam. The basic tenets of Islam include believing in the All Mighty, and following those instructions that were set forth by the beloved Prophet Hazrat Mohammad (S.A.W). At present Islam is amongst the top religion that is being followed and it finds its followers in every part of the world.
Islam originated from the land of Arabia in the 7th century A.D. the prominent places of initiation were Medina and Mecca. It originated in the backdrop of a society that was marred by all kinds of social, moral evils. It came as a defiant ...

The Haredim:

Haredim refers to the group of orthodox Jews that are politically, socially and theologically conservative. The Haredi men often put on black suits while the women are long dark dresses and thick stockings. The followers of this religion are easy to identify, but very difficult to understand them. The observance of both written and the oral Torah keeps the Haredim people together. The religious group in Jerusalem aimed at preventing any influence from outside and also avoiding contamination of their practices and values. This religious group as aimed at achieving strict observance of the Jewish faith in Jerusalem by ...

Introduction

Privacy law is a vast area of law that encompasses many things from data collection and security to photography. Although there is no specific United States Constitutional Amendment which guarantees the right to privacy in the same way that the right to free speech and the right to bear arms is guaranteed in the Bill of Rights, the right to privacy is presumed from the interpretation of other rights guaranteed by the Constitution primarily in the Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments. Furthermore, a number of state and federal laws have been enacted to protect the privacy of individuals. Similarly, a significant percentage of ...

Numerous religions have looked at heaven and paradise from different angles. There is a convergence on the idea of heaven among religions though the concept of paradise is accepted and disputed in equal measure. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines heaven as the dwelling place of the Deity. The Merriam Webster dictionary defines paradise as a place that is completely peaceful and pleasant. Heaven and paradise are concepts that come up when discussing issues relating to the afterlife. A considerable fraction of religious commentators agree that the afterlife forms the bedrock basis of all religions.
The Muslims believe that there is continuity ...

Biography

Malcolm X was born on 19th May 1925 as Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska. His mother was Louise Norton Little and his father Earl Little. Earl was an outspoken Baptist minister, a civil rights activist and a staunch follower of Marcus Garvey. As a civil rights Activist, Earl’s activities led to death intimidation from the Black Legion, a white supremacist organization. Before Malcolm's fourth birthday the family relocated twice to try to fend off the death threats. Despite relocating, suspected members of the Legion burnt the Little’s Michigan home in 1929. Earl was murdered two years later. Louise underwent emotional breakdown ...

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan has an estimated population of 180 Million people. Out of this, 97% professes Islam as their religion of choice. Religious minorities, which constitute the remaining 3%, include Christians, Hindus, Jews, and Buddhists (Enloe, 1986). The politics of the country restrict religious freedom and the constitution endorses Islam as the state religion. There are provisions in the constitution that allow the minorities to perform their religious practices. I visited and lived in Pakistan for nine months and the experience I had was shocking. I witnessed religious persecution in various parts the country as extreme militant ...

United States became one of the key factors behind the development of the peace process in the Middle East and is currently forming the basis for its continuation. United States from the very beginning of its entering the Middle East was most actively engaged in negotiating and mediation activities. Those practical steps of the Americans brought some positive results. Together with the Soviet Union, the US was at the origins of the Arab-Israeli conflict resolution in the late 60's - early 70`s of XX century. With the participation of Washington first notable successes in this area were achieved, ...

If to take a look at the phenomenon of Islamic civilization, mainly at the architecture, urban planning and poetry, the importance of art in the Islamic world becomes clear. Great masterpieces of Islamic civilization, Islamic architecture in the clearest way answer the question of what Islam is. These buildings have in their proportionality, harmony, tranquility and serenity the most important features of the Islamic message to people.
Of course, all kinds of Islamic art: architecture, fabric production, etc., borrowed many of the technologies and methods from different civilizations, in particular, from Ancient Iran and Byzantium. But all of them ...

International Political Economy of Central Asia

Introduction
Until the close of the twentieth century, Central Asia as a region that was closed as it is apparent from the regions political and economic system. However, since the onset of globalization, the state of affairs has changed dramatically. The author of this book highlights the path through which the region entered into the highly globalized and competitive global arena. The scope of the book does not only look at the regions interaction with many external players and economies but also the geo-economic perspectives that characterize the regions rise to global importance. The region is awash with natural ...

United Arab Emirates-police officers handling foreign offenders

The police officers-across the world- are expected by its community to maintain peace and order. They are also responsible for writing traffic tickets, enforce laws, serve warrants and investigate crime. These important roles conducted by police officers help in curbing and controlling crime within a country. When it comes to the issue of foreign offenders in United Arab Emirates; it is the responsibility of the police officers to arrest these offenders. Traffic law is the one mostly conked out by foreigners-it is the major predicament committed by foreigners.
United Arab Emirates consist of individuals from all walks of life- ...

Arabic foods encompass foods from the entire Arab world right from the Middle East to Morocco and the Arabian Gulf. It is a combination of the cuisines existing in the Mediterranean, India and the Middle East. To a great extent this cuisine is also influenced by southern European foods owing to the geographical proximity of the region. To put it succinctly, Arabian food is wholesome in that includes a bit of every food group. It is also very fragrant given the bevy of rich spices used and delectable for the choice of ingredients incorporated. Arabic food is essentially every foodie’s delight.
...

4 Questions
A. Philadelphia, PA, USA. In a response of at least 175 words, compare the role of religion vs. nativist politics as underlying causes of the violent Protestant–Catholic confrontation. Include the word count in parentheses at the end of your response.The cause of the Philidelphia Nativist Riots was multifaceted; as Philadelphia improved on its industrialization, more and more Irish immigrants were coming to America to work, especially in the light of the Irish potato famine This brought a new population of Catholics to America, which alarmed the mostly-protestant Americans (and those Irish who were also Protestant). This created ...

Summary

The Epigraph to Poe's “Berenice” by Michael Beard addresses an issue of a Latin epigraph “Dicebant mihi sodales si sepulchrum amicae visitarem, curas meas aliquantulum fore levatas,” originally written by an Arab. Alterton and Craig have best translated the following quotation as: “My companion said to me, if I would visit the grave of my friend, I might somewhat alleviate my worries” (Beard 611). Michael Beard assumes that this Latin phrase is not rooted in Arabic literature, however, such a trope is frequently seen in Arabic poetry as an evocative opening line, or a preface.
If we look at an Arab ...

Muslims consider Prophet Muhammad as a religious and political role model because they consider him to be a messenger of God. Prophet Mohammed has been a very popular Prophet not only among the Muslims or the followers of Islam but also among several religion researchers, philosophers, diplomats and other people (Selected readings from The Quran, 2013). His teachings that have been recorded in the Quran have provided direction to several people and have helped the Islam religion be formed. The Quran has been considered as holy and a set of teachings that guide people towards the way of life that they should live. ...

- My cultural identity is being a Punjabi and the two cultural backgrounds that make up my identity are being a Pakistani and a Muslim. ---Pakistani is my national identity while being Muslim is my religious identity. Punjabi narrows down to provincial identity that is majorly my cultural identity.
- The activities of my life have a lot of cultural reflections. My communication styles, fun activities and family life all display the hints of the culture of Punjab. We often communicate in Punjabi language while liking the activities that are more daring and loud. While being a Muslim, I have to take care ...

English

Social networking as a sphere was introduced to the world around a decade ago, and in less than three years became an essential element of social life around the globe. And it is quite easy to understand the exact reason social networking boomed to its present scale. From a psychological point of view the need for social networking is a simple reflection of a vital need of every person, and that is to compensate the lack of real life communication with a virtual one. That might be one of the reasons the number of subscribers using the worldwide web is growing extremely rapidly every year, ...

Facing your own identity and how you feel about yourself can sometimes be a challenge. When your race, gender, class, religion, or sexuality put you in a position to be oppressed it can be jarring. Being subjugated based on who you are is difficult, no matter your place in life. Fortunately, it is empowering to learn your own identity and not only accept it but own it. Through this class and this assignment I have learned more about myself as a woman and a minority, but also as a person. In many ways I face oppression, but I am prepared to make my way ...

A lot of myths describe judgment, and the good and evil. These apocalyptic tales harbor on morality tales as one sees them describing how one is right and good and will deservingly go to paradise, while those who are not righteous will suffer or be punished in hell. The Myths described in Parallel Myths by J.F. Bierlein border on morality in a big way and in doing so, present some extremely frightening possibilities. Maybe not violent in the sense like widespread bloodshed, but definitely something that is disastrous. Myths perhaps have a purpose in that they shape a person’s understanding of ...

Syrian Revolution is a mass protest against the current government, characterized by chaos and riots in cities across the country. The Revolution includes broad anti-governmental actions against President Bashar al-Assad. The conflict escalated after Syrian army entered was used to suppress the revolutionaries. It is worth noting that the civil conflict in Syria is a part of so-called "Arab Spring" with its powerful wave of protests that erupted across the Arab world. The main objectives of the Revolution are achieving democracy, freedom of speech, and ending the dictatorship. The reaction of politicians in the Arab world, of course, was tough.
...

This biographical drama which can be considered as the socio-political epic tells the story of the legendary, but controversial and discussions provoking personality of Malcolm Little, who became widely known under the pseudonym X. Former fraudster and prisoner, having come to Islam, became not only a religious preacher, but also a true fighter for the African American people. I need to mention that Spike Lee didn`t overcome the desire to glorify this ambiguous person in his most ambitious thematic movie “Malcolm X”. And he did it successfully – followers of Malcolm X received an opportunity to take a true and fair view ...

Architecture and art have been a crucial part of the prayer and religion since the beginning of civilization. This includes religions like Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Greece traditional religion among others. This paper will discuss the history of faith and its dependence on art and architecture. The paper will highlight objects of art and architecture depending on their aesthetic, physical and theological value. As many researchers argue that this part of religion showcases the deep discussion that may also unfold the history and other important factors regarding that religion that many might not know or even ignore.
Erzen (122) argue ...

The majority of countries that make up the Arab league are oil producers. However, a few have little or no oil reserves within their territory with Somalia being an apt example. The common notion among many people in the world is one of a wealthy Arab world. The reality of the situation is different, however, as revealed by simple research. According to figures held by the CIA World Fact book, the combined GDP of the combined twenty-two member states of the Arab league totaled to 2.912 Trillion for the year 2012. This figure almost equals the total GDP earnings of the ...

Looking at the official exchange rate Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the 22 Arab league members in the year 2012, the total was $3278.60 billion (CIA Fact book). When compared to that GDP of United Kingdom which was, $2.443 trillion in the same year 2012 (CIA Fact book) it shows that the sum of GDP of the 22 states is much less. On the same year, France managed to realize $2.579 trillion of the official exchange rate GDP. This compared to that of Arab States shows that the GDP of the 22 states was lower than that of France. ...

In the first crusade, the Christian knights captured the Jerusalem in 1099. This is taken from two accounts by Fulcher of Chartres, who followed the crusaders to the Holy land and Ibn al-Athir which account is found in the Muslim world. Although the two account explain what happened in the first crusade, they are extremely different. The Christian knight siege to Jerusalem caused severe harm to the inhabitants. Therefore, the paper will focus on the events that took place in two accounts and highlight their differences. Similarly, the paper will focus on the effect of the Christian knight siege ...

“Guilt by Association is not the American way!” stated Senator Durbin invoking that “We should all agree that it is wrong to blame an entire community for the wrongdoing of a few” (Fox News). The senator Dick Durban opened his first-ever hearing of the Civil Rights for American-Muslims address in the history of the United States. Durban is the 47th Senator of United States elected from the State of Illinois on November 5, 1996 and a Democrat from Springfield. He was reelected in 2002 and then in 2008. In the journey of a successful political career, Senator Durbin suddenly risked his career ...

of the most important building of the particular styles:

Early Christian, Byzantine, Islamic, Gothic

Each period of history has its own particular, specific art style, which contains its own significant masterpieces. It doesn’t matter what kind of art is it: painting, sculpture, architecture, etc. For example, for the Early Christian Era, such masterpieces are: The Basilica at Trier in architecture and Jesus healing the bleeding woman, depicted in the Catacombs of Rome. Talking about Byzantine period, it is important to mention such works as: the Church of Holy Wisdom or Hagia Sophia in the architecture and the most famous mosaic of this church ...

Since time in memorial, the world has always been divided into several different classifications that showcases the disparity between nations. The most common example is the division of nations based on their wealth and power or the First, Second, Third and Fourth Worlds. Others classify nations through their location in the Hemisphere, while the rest would just generalized based on their region. For centuries, it is often notable that the Western half of the world is portrayed as the dominant nations and news reports would showcase just how advanced these countries have now become. Even if there are instances ...

In Buddhism, Karma denotes those actions that are deliberately done and would result in future consequences (Kessler, Gary, 20). The action has to be intentional and if forged through the body, mind and speech of an individual. Karma in Buddhism is completely defined by intention and lives in an individual’s subconscious mind for a long time until the consequences are manifested. Buddhists believe that rebirth is the cycle of life and death. It is fostered by things such as hatred, lack of knowledge and human desires. Karma is what determines the state and cycle of rebirth of a person. Karma ...

Arab state broadcasting systems are currently in transitions despite resistance from the government. Transition is due to due to the pressure from the increasing democracy in the social and political systems, liberalization in the markets and advances in the technology. Currently in the Arab countries there are so many reforms in political and social systems hence the need for change in the Arab state broadcasting systems (Ayish 2010).
Initially the Arab state broadcasting systems operated in a way that the national broadcasting institutions were owned and operated by governments and guided by centralized state visions than by community concern. ...

The paper will inform on “friendship as an ethical worldview in a Quran perspective,” through Ahmad Ibn Mistawayh a Muslim ethics. The paper will present different views that define friendship in God-human and human-human relationships. Quran has a fertile ground to discuss philosophy and ethics of friendship that remains uncultivated for many years in religious traditions. The perspective of friendship in the Quran helps to resolve conflicts, provide peace, reconcile, and make friendship beyond liberal peace. Literature of friendship dates back during the era of Cyrus the Great and writings of Gilgamesh.
Aristotle treats friendship as an essential to attain happiness. ...

Throughout the human history, wars have always been a defining attribute as to the existence of national and empires. The wars were a means of resolving disputes, extending territories or even acquiring resources. Consequently, the politics of the warring nations were greatly influenced by the wars they engaged. Examples include the Roman Empire and even Genghis Khan Empire, the political institutions ended up being influenced by the wars such nations involved themselves. The rise of successful war generals to power such as Julius Caesar further clarifies the point. In the present day, wars on the scale of the previous eras have ...

Islam - Sufism

Sufism can be traced back to its origins to the Qur'an. The opponents of Sufism – Salafi do object to certain doctrines and practices of Sufi, but cannot make claims against its authenticity. In fact, it is easier to make claims that Sufism is the more authentic as its traditions are more dependable with the historical outlines of Islamic thought. Many Sufis arose from their retreats and became an active part of the society.
The substance of Sufism is based on Truth and realization of Truth by love and devotion. This is a spiritual path towards God and Sufi is a ...

HOW DOES RELIGION AND GENDER STRUCTURE PLAY A ROLE IN SWAHILI PORTS TOWN BEFORE AND AFTER 1500’s THROUGH THE CONCEPT OF WEALTH IN PEOPLE?
How does Religion and Gender Structure Play a Role in Swahili Port Towns Before and after the 1500’s Through the Concept of Wealth in People?

Introduction

During the ancient period, the coast of East Africa where the Swahili cities that comprises the civilization in the region are thriving from maritime trade, which in time became the source of immense wealth for most of its people. In the acquisition of wealth among the people of ...

Reflection Paper

The main feature of Muslim religion at the beginning was its simplicity. For instance, to become a Muslim was enough to pronounce the formula: “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad - his prophet”. Despite this, religious practice and rituals in Islam are not so simple. Moreover, every Muslim must follow them strictly, without any doubt and irresponsibility. Islam, unlike other religions, does not have an aim of self-perfection for people; it requires only an act of absolute devotion to Allah. Therefore, complicated system of rituals is one of the main characteristics of Islam.
There are not so ...

Lebanon is one of the Arab countries that is characterized by its hold to sectarianism. This means that the country allows the co-existence of diverse kinds of religions within its territories unlike some Arab nations such as Saudi Arabia which 100% Islamic. At present, the majority of its population is Muslim (54% Muslims = 27% Sunnis and 27% Shias), about the second majority are the Christians (41%) and the rest (5%) constitute the minorities. The diversity in religion in Lebanon has significant effects to its political, social, and economic realm.
In order to understand how the religion plays a crucial ...

I. Introduction
Saudi Arabia is a monarchy ruled by Kings formed in September 1932. With a population of 27 million, its main religion is Islam as the culture and justice system is based on teachings of the Holy Koran. It is the largest Muslim country in Asia and second in the world after Algeria with the national language as Arabic and has 13 provinces (Cordesman, 2013). the country is famous for leading in production of oil worldwide and also as the second largest hydrocarbon dealer.
II. Racial & Ethnic Characteristics
The differences in ethnicity, national origin and race are ...