Criminal Justice Research Papers Samples For Students

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Before the American Civil War of 1861-1865, tensions were high between the Northern and Southern states. Said tension found basis on the issue of slavery with the Southerners being pro-slavery and Northerners anti-slavery. Consequently, an abolitionist movement rose from the North and led to the development of the “Underground Railroad”. Despite its name, the “Underground Railroad” encompassed hidden houses, paths, and code words that the anti-slavery forces utilized in helping blacks escape to Free states and Canada where there was no slavery. Expectedly, such actions led to the retaliation of the Southerners who Continue reading...

Professional negligence

Generally, professional negligence can be described as the adjudged failure of a professional individual to possess the average skill or knowledge of other professionals in like circumstances, or, the failure of the individual to use their skill and knowledge if they possess it. It is evidenced by the results of their activities (Slovenko, 2009). An obligation to compensate for the damaged caused should be done if negligence is proved. The terms ‘medical malpractice’ or simply ‘malpractice’ are embedded in both legal and medical literature and are also a habit of thought.
Professional malpractice in psychology occurs when, in the Continue reading...

Introduction

A private investigator is frequently shortened to PI and casually referred as a private eye. An inquiry agent or private detective is an individual that can be employed by a person or groups to take on exploratory law services (Rigakos, 2008). Private investigators or detectives regularly work for attorneys in civil matters. The very few skilled private investigators work together with defense attorneys on major punishment and defense of criminal cases. Private investigators are, therefore, private citizens having different types of experience and training. Investigators look for, collect, gather, scrutinize, and establish substantiation in criminal and civil cases for Continue reading...

Immigration

Immigration

Introduction

Immigration is the process of people moving from their native country to another country for the purpose of establishing residence in that other country. There are two different types of immigration: legal immigration; and illegal immigration. This paper will discuss the process of legally immigrating to the United States; and the process of people immigrating to the United States illegally. The research will provide data to support that legal immigration is an accepted form of moving to the United States from another country. Evidence will also be presented to show that illegal immigration is an unacceptable means of Continue reading...

Section 1: Proposal

Within the major profession of criminology, one recurring problem is the explanation of criminal behavior patterns and their relationship to crime, involving the subtopics of the sociological legal and psychiatric aspects of crime which contribute to defining and elaborating on criminal behavior.

Section 2: Body Sections

Casey, Sharon. "Elements of Psychological Maturity and Its Influence on Antisocial and
Criminal Behavior." The open criminology journal 4.Suppl 1-M1 (2011): 32-39.
This article by Casey explores the concept of psychological maturity in adolescents and how it relates to teen violence. The author explores the background information currently existing in the field of developmental psychology to Continue reading...

Abstract

This paper explores the history of gangs and their relationship with drugs in the United States. The existing literature shows that gangs have been around since 18th century, they have evolved over the time to carry out different atrocities in the cities. Research has shown that violence is a way of life for the gang members because it is their main system of justice. The paper also identifies the measures that state agencies should use to curb the illicit trade and save the society from the terror that is associated with this trade. The research has shown that the Continue reading...

Introduction

Clarence Thomas is the second African American to sit on the United States Supreme Court, preceded only by Thurgood Marshall who served on the United States Supreme Court from 1967 to 1991. Clarence Thomas was nominated to the United States Supreme Court in July 1991 and was approved by the United States Senate by a very narrow margin in October of 1991. Throughout his term on the United States Supreme Court, Clarence Thomas has been both hailed and criticized. He has been both compared to Thurgood Marshall and nicknamed an Uncle Tom. Throughout this paper, I will discuss United Continue reading...

Abstract

The project deals with the problem of bullying in the workplace. It was established that Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Healthy Workplace Bill regulate interpersonal relationship and prohibit bullying in the workplace. The types of bullies and their activities are the focal points of the research paper. Since workplace assault poses a tremendous threat to physical and psychological well-being of victims, mental, emotional and physical consequences of bullying were given a particular focus in the concluding part of the project.
Keywords: bullying, workplace, victim, physical, mental, abuse
It so happens that people are split into two Continue reading...

Abstract

The term, Racial profiling, is usually practiced by law enforcement agencies in order to target people of particular race for investigation and enforcement in a disproportionate manner. Individuals as well as some particular groups are targeted by the law enforcement agencies in such practices and they are subjected to various unjustifiable sufferings. This paper intends to discuss different aspects of racial profiling, role of TSA, Police and other enforcement agencies, along with discussing the impact of racial profiling on Muslims, Arabs, Hispanics, and other American minorities after 9/11. The paper presents a detailed background of ethical profiling, why and Continue reading...

Children, as our messengers into the future we will not be able to experience, are our most valuable resource. Hence, the serious threat juvenile delinquents pose to the current and future safety of the American society. Debates have aroused about parents’ legal responsibility for their minor children’s behavior, both civil and criminal. So far, there are laws established that hold parents only civilly liable, like the Parent Liability Child’s act, where the parent’s obligation is to pay, depending on the State’s maximum monetary amount, for damage done by their minor children until they reach the Continue reading...

Introduction

NEW YORK v. BURGER, 482 U.S. 691 (1987) 482 U.S. 691 is a leading case on the American criminal justice system. This paper intends to discuss the abovementioned case in detail along with the facts, issues, and findings of this case.

Brief Facts

Brooklyn based Respondent used to own a junkyard. He was in the business of dismantling automobiles and selling the dismantled parts. Police Officers of New York City department suspected his business and rushed at his premises on 17th November 1982. Police officers were in civil dress, and they wanted to conduct an inspection of the premises. Police officers Continue reading...

When most Americans hear that the Supreme Court has utilized judicial review to strike down a federal legislation, they often understand the Court’s act as a nullification of the legislation. Simply put, the court has undone the work of the congress and ended the life of the statute. The other branches of the federal government are elected by the Americans and are entrusted with the responsibility of making laws. Nevertheless, the reality is that judicial review does not usually end the life of the statute, but offers an exemplary opportunity for the congress to review the legislation and Continue reading...

Abstract

Illegal immigration continues to draw many issues in the world today. It is worth noting that illegal immigration affects countries in various ways. As a matter of fact, illegal immigration is an unethical act from the beginning. Law guides business ethics in most cases, and on the same note provide the basic framework whereby businesses will choose to follow. In fact, hiring illegal immigrants affects business ethics in various ways. The controversy of hiring ethical issues and its effects in business ethics based on the fact that there are those who support illegal immigration while other are against hiring Continue reading...

Marijuana is a psychoactive drug that is mainly used as an illicit drug and for medicinal purposes. It is said to be the most commonly used drug worldwide today. Its legalization has been a topic of contention among many, with both sides giving strong reasons about their stand. Due to its psychoactive effect, the drug has been illegalized in many nations, except for a few who have legalized it for medicinal purposes. The question is should medicinal marijuana be legalized? Yes, medicinal marijuana should be legalized in order to save lives that are being lost, yet something can be Continue reading...

Abstract

There exist numerous defenses to criminal charges. The defenses are usually used by the persons facing particular charges in a bit to negate the requisites of a crime, especially the aspect of intent. In criminal cases the general rule is that crimes are offences that are usually committed against the government. Every person is usually presumed innocent until the contrary is proved. As such, the burden of proof lies on the government to prove that a crime was committed and that the accused person committed the alleged crime. The prosecution side, which represents the government in a criminal trial, Continue reading...

Introduction

Law enforcement deals with upholding given laws in a particular state under given jurisdiction. The people dealing with law enforcement are specific professionals with the aim of enforcing national laws, managing law breakers by punishing the accordingly and depending on the magnitude of law disobedience. Law enforcement can be divided into two categories depending on the goal aimed to achieve; first being a preventive measure, by the professionals, that seek to prevent any damage that might be translated to another person in the society whereas the second seeks to put the criminals on trial and assign punishments depending on Continue reading...

John G. Roberts Jr.: Chief Justice of the United States

Many Americans of this day and age are relatively uneducated about different facets of government. They know there are a president, a vice president, a secretary of state, and other cabinet members. Some can name the three branches of government. Others understand the ins and outs of the voting process or the part different government officials play in politics. However, there are some facets of the government, specifically within the judiciary branch, that are not well known. The Supreme Court is a well-known phrase, and many people know what Continue reading...

Introduction

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been considered one of the key determinants of criminal behavior. Family-level SES is usually determined by measuring income, education level, and occupation, but SES is a multilevel concept that applies to both family and community levels (Bradley & Corwyn, 2002). Families with low SES will more likely live in neighborhoods with low community-level SES, which limits the children’s educational opportunities and increases their exposure to violence (Bradley & Corwyn, 2002). Consequently, the children will identify themselves with the community and adopt its patterns of violent behavior.
The influence of both family-level and community-level SES is Continue reading...

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Incarceration or Intervention: Costs and Benefits

In the work of leading global research organizations RTI International, by sending substance abusers to community-based programs rather than hauling these people to jail, the United States criminal justice system stands to save billions of dollars, in a study of the RTI International and Temple University. In the study of the groups, almost one half of the prisoners in the Federal and state prison system are incarcerated for drug abuse or substance addicts. However, even with the high rate of drug and substance abusers in the prison, it is estimated that only one out of ten get Continue reading...

Background

Poverty is broadly defined as insufficient resources for an adequate standard of living. (ECLAC, 2008). Crime is defined as action against the law or violation of the law (Finkelhor, 2009). Glaeser and Kahn (2008) have indicated in their research on Chicago inner-city communities that an adolescent getting exposed to crime due to poverty has 100 times more probabilities to commit crimes later in his life. Finkelhor (2009) in his research sought an answer for the root causes of criminal behavior. He found a relationship between poverty and criminal activity. His findings show that a poor person is five times Continue reading...

Introduction

The NET Act
In 1997, 16th December, the congress passed the No Electronic Theft Act which was later to be signed by President Clinton, into law. The act was enacted to facilitate the prosecution of any violations on copyrights which is perpetrated on the internet. The act declared all actions of reproducing, distributing and sharing copies of electronic copyright materials, as a federal crime(Bernstein 325). Some of the copyrighted electronic materials which were meant to be protected by the NET act are movies, songs, games, movies and software applications or programs. This Act facilitated prosecution even in situations Continue reading...

Introduction

The state of Texas, just north of the United States-Mexico border, shares a 1,200 mile border with the neighboring country of Mexico. For years, numerous people who are not citizens of the United States have tried and often succeeded in entering the United States illegally through this vast border. Some of the people who enter through the border illegally are trying to relocate to the United States of America in an attempt to find what they hope to be a better life. Others are exploiting the border in the hopes of profiting from committing crimes such as drug Continue reading...

Introduction

Criminal justice careers are involved in protecting the law in cases that need enforcement of strict justice systems. Judicial system involves proper execution of legalities through the number of individuals who exercise it. As predictable, there are a number of criminal justice careers to choose, depending on the area of interest. People find the perfect career in the system of criminal justice. There are three core agencies of criminal justice where people can choose their careers interest. These parts are diverse from each other, though they cannot operate without the support from each other. They include corrections, law enforcement Continue reading...

Abstract

Automatism is a rather interesting and difficult issue in criminal law. Not every lawyer is able to help in such a case, as well as not every barrister will protect the defendant in the case of automatism. In this research paper, I will try to outline the main peculiarities of automatism and provide the examples of it. There are many cases when automatism has been involved and all they have their special features, their peculiarities. I will support my points of view with case studies, as well as with scientific findings and research results. I have based my research Continue reading...

The question as to whether crime and violence can be tackled effectively, and minimized by controlling gun ownership in the United States has remained a hard nut to crack. Gun control is a hot issue right now in the United States. Gun control debates are continuing to rage on all people across many states despite the government shutdown. The government regulates gun ownership, sale, and the use of firearms and ammunition in various states. The laws vary from state to state depending on the existing gun laws in the states. The government insists that gun owners should be subject Continue reading...

The Ethics for Business Owners in Hiring Illegal Immigrants

Introduction
There is a great deal of debate concerning the hiring of illegal immigrants by United States businesses. Those against the hiring of illegal immigrants argue that these immigrants are taking jobs away from American workers. In this country, there are actually strong penalties for hiring undocumented or illegal workers because the hiring of illegal immigrants violates both federal and state law. Although it is illegal to hire illegal immigrants, there are these that consider it in terms of an ethical issue for businesses.
So, what is ethics? “There is a difference between ethics and law. The law summarizes Continue reading...

The Orlando police department received its accreditation as a police agency in the year 1997. It is responsible for security within Orlando in Florida. It is an effective department in a city with relatively high criminal rankings. It handles prevention, arrests and investigation of crimes within Orlando. It aims and purposes to create an environment that is possible to live. It is well staffed with a patrol team of about 700 trained officers.
The department encourages the involvement of its citizens in maintaining security. For this reason, it encourages community policing. They allow volunteering of willing individuals to help Continue reading...

According to sociological and criminological studies, social problems, namely poverty, race, and punishment are interconnected. Different scholars have developed five core arguments regarding the interconnection of these problems. The first is that criminal victimization and sanctions perpetuate stratification and poverty. The understanding of this argument requires an exploration of the current trends in criminal punishment by poverty status and ethnicity. It also demands an examination of how victimization patterns vary across races and how sanctions affect future chances at life. Criminal sanctions are usually inflicted by a state; however, the determination of the severity of the sanctions needs justification ( Continue reading...

The TV series Crime Scene Investigation has for some time been one of the viral and most watched series in the world. With its combination of both reality and fiction, much attention is gained from the viewers who criticize and at the same time big up the captivating work of executive producer Jerry Bruckheimer alongside Anthony E. Zuicker, Ann Donahue and Carol Mendelsohn. CSI is a series depicting the crimes (especially murders and kidnappings) committed in most, if not all of the cities around the continent. Moreover, it shows how these crimes are solved to find the unknown truths Continue reading...

Introduction

In the following project I have researched and summarized the main provisions of the statutes as they relate to the questions of arraignment, state sentencing issues and sentencing alternatives in the state of Virginia. Another part of this research covers the issues of practical application of these statutory provisions in the everyday work of courts and correctional institutions.
In the Lesson 1, I have researched the initial procedure of arraignment in the light of its practical application during the work of the court.

In the Lesson 2, I have summarized the statutory provisions which regulate the issues of probation, parole and sentencing alternatives.

In the Lesson 3, I have briefly outlined the community correctional programs and how the issues Continue reading...

Abstract

This paper explored age discrimination especially for persons above 40 years of age. The reasons why people are discriminated with respect to their age, where such discrimination is experienced, and who the victim and the perpetrator of age discrimination are were examined. Emphasis was put on the historical background of age discrimination in the United States of America and the progress being made in the protection of citizens against age discrimination. Age discrimination is discouraged in all fields and all places of work both nationally and globally.
Keywords: Age discrimination, employer, worker, employment, ADEA, America.

Introduction

Discrimination against older and Continue reading...

Introduction

This research paper examines the evidence that supports a continuance of the existing federal ban on the recreational use of marijuana. While there seems to be a groundswell of public support for legalization of its use – which many claim is the result of strenuous lobbying by pro-marijuana activists – there remains strong scientific evidence in support of a continuing ban on the grounds of public health and safety, especially among the younger generation who would be most affected and most vulnerable to addiction and other problems if it were legalized, thereby making access that much easier.

The Research

The independent and highly Continue reading...

UW-Stout

This paper was prepared for ESLI 61
Taught by Ms. Blessing
Sexual harassment refers to undesirable sexual advances, sexual favors requests, as well as other physical conduct that are suggestive for sexual requests. Sexual harassment may happen in different ways. At some points, it happens when a person seeks to extend favor to another person in exchange for sexual advances. This has been a major problem in many workplaces, where women have been the main victims with minimal cases of men as victims. Sexual harassment may extend massive effects to the persons exposed to it as well as the Continue reading...

That fact that the American labor movement has been on a sharp decline is not in question. Statistics released by the US Bureau of Statistics in the year 2013 on the summary of the unionization in the United States, the union membership stood at a paltry 11.3 percent in the year 2012. This was a level lower than in the year 2011 when the union membership was at 11.8 percent. The plummeting of union membership and the labor movement in general in the United States has been phenomenal in the last fifty years when it was at the peak Continue reading...

Police crime control policies

Crime control is paramount for the economic development of any civilized society. The political stability of any nation is measured by the crime rate. Countries that have low crime rates are more attractive to investors and business leaders. The crime rate in the United States of America was high in the 1990s. The cities were controlled by criminal gangs and at times the fights between criminal gangs took place in the streets. The frequency of homicides was relatively high. The residential places were not spared from crime related violence. Law enforcement officers were criticized for being weaklings. The police Continue reading...

Abstract

The correlation between criminal activity and genetic composition is one of the polarizing issues in criminal justice today. This paper investigates the relevance of using genetic testing in courtrooms for defense and the causation relationships between the genetic composition and criminal behavior. The study conducted a survey on a random sample of 100 participants. The results indicated that most people do not support using genetic testing as defense in criminal procedures. Similarly, many people do not see the causation relationship between the two phenomena. Nevertheless, this research concluded that, following the implications of criminal behavior, and that, most criminal Continue reading...

Life accords everyone an opportunity of living once; in this case, one ought to be careful of the choices taken. Many teenagers make wrong decision by leading a life of crime without the knowledge that every misdeed has a consequence. In some instances when the young commit serious crimes, they are subject to the Adult court and get the available punishment. This paper critically argues in favor of the adult court by exposing juveniles to life imprisonment or even prison without parole. Mccabe (2007) argue that in the current society, the crime rates continue to skyrocket and the minors Continue reading...

The company under the discussion of my legal research problem is Apple. In this study, this paper analyzes the Apple Company from its background information, legal analysis, ethical analysis, market analysis, alternative solutions and implementation of the proposed solutions.
In the background information, Apple Company is defined in terms of where it is location and operationalization structure (Marcia). The services that it engages in are also outlined in the background information. The legal issue under discussion is also introduced.
In legal analysis, the matter under crisis is brought out clearly. Facts are illustrated, and the contention between apple and Continue reading...

Criminal justice research project

Overview
The respect and application of the rule of law is the integral function of the criminal justice system. Criminal justice system can be termed as collective institutions of implementing justice through upholding the constitution. Such institutions aid in mitigating and preventing crime, in the line of maintaining integrity, transparency and coexistence of the society. What is more, criminal justice institutions incorporate powerful structures, which propagate quality implementation of criminal justice. Similarly, criminal justice system is a process that entails arresting, investigating, prosecuting and imprisonment of criminals who violate the rule of law. AS a result, criminal justice system Continue reading...

Death Penalty

DEATH PENALTY 2
Abstract
The main aim of this research is to depict history of the death penalty from its evolution and to show the role of it nowadays. A comparison of old and modern methods of execution reveals the movement to human and democratic world. The ancient death penalty can be characterized as one of the most cruel and varvarous methods. The execution in the Middle ages is also inhuman. Today, the society undergones transformation and develops of painless means of execution. Specifically, this paper considers such kinds of execution as burning alive, decapitation, hanging, boiling in oil, Continue reading...