Disease Research Papers Samples For Students

Introduction International students experience a variety of adjustment concerns such as academic problems due to new educational systems, personal issues, cross-cultural problems, adjusting to new social norms. This project is specifically designed to integrate the international students. Interaction with host students and spending leisure time with American’s could be highly interrelated with international student’s perception of their relationship to American’s life. The biggest barrier considered during international student relationship was the lack of opportunity to interact socially and there is a surprising fact that many international students do not make friendship with an American friend. This ...

Application of Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change (ITHBC) in Health Promotion Challenges

Theoretical models of Nursing encompass a broad scope when it comes to applying such theories into a certain issue or concern. A nurse practitioner would be able to achieve his or her professional goals when applying the theories involved towards a better outcome of the patient. Thus, these theories may also be used to address various issues and concerns within the Nursing practice based which category the theory belongs to. However, outside the categorical scope of nursing theories, there is one theory that can be used ...

As military veterans return back to the United States from the wars in Iraq and Afganistan, the public has become for aware of the medical condition of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As many as 13 percent of the men and women who are inflicted with combat positions demonstrate the symptoms of the mental disability, but the general population of America has more than 6 percent struggling with the illness (Friedman, 2014). The large number of patients that exist both inside and outside the ranks of military personnel makes PTSD a major public health issue (Keane, Marx & Sloan, 2009). Soldiers ...

One of the most important issues as far as the population health is concerned, is directly linked to good if not the best hygienic conditions. As such, many individual have been at the forefront in upholding the preaching about the healthy gains that one stands to gain from practicing good hygienic behaviors. One of the major subdivisions in regard to upholding hygiene is observing hand cleanness (Stewardson et al., 2013). As it is usually said, many human infections are usually spread through contacts with the hands, and as such, major campaigns directed at improving hand hygiene have to be ...

HeLa cell line is a human cancer cell line that does not undergo apoptosis or cell death, and can be continuously cultured indefinitely in-vitro (AccessScience Editors [ASE] 2014). In general, human somatic cell cultures cannot be maintained in laboratory conditions beyond certain no of generations. Hence, HeLa cells are very useful in medical research for studying cell behavior and cell death, in developing new cancer therapies and vaccines. Since their initial culturing, HeLa cells have been cloned several times, and distributed throughout the world for various research purposes. Though today several immortalized cell lines are available, HeLa still remains ...

In the heart, a large number of the vital pathway, which includes energy metabolism, stress response, and survival, apoptosis, oxygen sensing, and inflammation response are all regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a cellar redox state (Dickinson & Chang, 2011). Through upregulation of proapoptotic proteins and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways, ROS is part of a process of cardiac remodeling, cell death and hypertrophy (Dickinson & Chang, 2011). Molecular oxygen is a center for both formations of NO and regulation of ROS as significant energy metabolism by-products. Since the intermediates that are meant to be short-lived can either act as signaling molecules ...

Bousso, Poles and Cruz (2013) refer to a concept as an abstract image or a representation formulated in the mind. Therefore, it may mean one thing to one person and another thing to someone else. Concepts are important in the work of research in that a probe into their occurrence leads to the development and formulation of theories (Bousso, Poles, & Cruz, 2013). Thus, the development of theories in nursing practice and research is heavily dependent on the analysis of concepts; which are the structural elements of theory, which inform nursing practice and research (Bousso, Poles, & Cruz, 2013). Examples of ...

Plantar fasciitis refers to the pain in the plantar surface of the heel. It leads to intense pain and soreness of the sole of the foot. The pain sometimes extends to the medial arch. The severity of the pain may affect the quality of life (QoL) of the patient up to a great extent (Landorf, 2015). It is one of the commonest chronic processes of degeneration occurring in the medial plantar fascia (Thompson, Saini, Reb & Daniel, 2014).Almost 10% of the total population of the world is suffering from Plantar Fasciitis (Melvin et al., 2015). One out of every ...

HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a communicable pathogen majorly responsible for the prevalence of AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in a majority of the population. According to the report generated by WHO (2013), there were over 35 million people infected with HIV. When compared to the general populations, the virus is most common in gay and bisexual men, Caribbean and African communities, Aboriginal populations, women and people injecting illicit drugs . HIV is present in the semen, blood, breast milk or vaginal fluid of the infected individuals. While the likelihood of contracting HIV through the casual environment is ...

Alzheimer’s disease has been a growing issue in the United States in the past few decades. Of course, the topic of Alzheimer’s disease itself is too broad; therefore, I chose to focus on the rising rates and prevalence of the disease in the United States. If the trend continue with no treatment or cure provided to citizens, it is likely to incur serious medical and economical damages on citizens, and I wanted to explore that. Moreover, the reason behind the relatively new prevalence was intriguing. The topic is relevant to nursing, as well as nursing education because ...

Currently, the profession of a psychiatrist is one of the most important. An own plane of intelligence conditions its importance and seriousness. Today, the modern world makes a person develop much faster than it used to five to ten years ago. A vast amount of information can cause a variety of mental disorders, and a person may not even know about the disorders for many years. Thus, these disturbances will have an adverse impact on an individual's life. The profession of psychiatrist requires serious training because knowledgeable people can transform people’s lives. The occupation of a psychiatrist is ...

Introduction Self-management education is a fundamental paradigm that helps a majority of diabetic patients from severe consequences associated with the disease. Since debates type 2 is one of the chronic diabetic conditions, proper DSME is an appealing solution that provides a firm foundation to diabetic patients towards an overall improvement of their health conditions and physical activities (Kumar, & Snooks, 2011). In addition, DSME has been shown to be an intervention that improves on the overall health outcome of these patients. DSME often involves processes that facilitates the knowledge, skills, and the ability that aid with the prerequisite techniques for ...

Antimicrobial agents refer to an exceptional group of chemotherapeutic agents that are used in the treatment of the diseases caused by microbes. Generally, antimicrobial agents either kill or inhibit the growth of microbes. As its name suggests, Antimicrobial encompasses its sole purpose which is to kill the infections arising from microbes (Daglia, 2012). Furthermore, these agents can be categorized according to the function they play. For example, agents that are responsible for killing microbes are known as microbicidal whereas those that merely inhibit the growth of microbes are known as biostatic (Ghosh et al., 2012). Antimicrobial drugs are not ...

Medicalization is the development of medicine into a social institution. Medicine then became an institution of social control. (Scrambler, 2005) Medicalization moves the viewpoint from some moral failing of an individual to a medical diagnosis and quantifiable or qualifiable reason based in medicine. Medicalization influences the way that society perceives and reacts to physical characteristics and social behavior of an individual. Medicine as institution can be viewed in light of how and for what conditions human are treated. With medicine as a social institution it redefined social policy, resulting in therapeutic treatment, decriminalization, and decarceration of abhorrent social behavior ...

Diabetes is a significant problem in places like the United States, particularly type II diabetes. Type II diabetes is often associated with obesity and poor lifestyle choices, although genetic predisposition also seems to play a role in the development of the disease (Look AHEAD Research Group, 2013). The three studies chosen for discussion here are all studies that examine the impact of diet and lifestyle choices on people who have type II diabetes; many of these researchers are interested in developing methods to offset the significant health risks and population-wide costs of such high prevalence of the disease. The ...

Joon Young Jung Electronic cigarettes are amongst many products that are meant to promote a smoker to be able to quit. E-cigarettes are similar to ordinary cigarettes in appearance; however, they lack the tobacco ingredients that compose the traditional cigarettes. The e-cigarettes are made up from a metal tube and a battery-like structure that produces a lot of heat to cause vaporization of liquid nicotine. The propylene glycol fluid contains other chemicals that produce the vapor (smoke) that people inhale or exhale (Kaplan, 2015). While the e-cigarettes may appear to have certain short-term or intangible benefits such as lack ...

In principle, scientists define diabetes as a condition that leads to an individual’s glucose (blood sugar) level going up above normal. Significantly, it is a condition one has to live with for the rest of their natural lives. Moreover, research has proved that two types of the disease exist. Therefore, depending on one’s symptoms and age, the type of diabetes can be known. In essence, Diabetes Type 1 is known to develop mainly in teenagers and children due to the pancreas’s failure to produce insulin. However, Type 2 diabetes is mostly diagnosed in old individuals above ...

Abstract Nicotine is an alkaloid existing naturally in tobacco products. It is highly addictive, and intake cessation is often marred by high relapse rates. Multiple sources of literature document the adverse health effects that nicotine dependence has on the body, including cancer, mental illness and coronary diseases. This paper explores the psychological factors behind the prevalence and severity of nicotine addiction. Section one provides an overview of the concept of nicotine addiction and the reason for its pervasiveness. Section two elaborates the psychological development of nicotine dependence, indicating the thought processes and personal motivations behind the use of ...

Culture in the United States is a product of three separate factors which are socio-economic status, family dynamics, and level of education. Socioeconomic status is the position of an individual’s economic and social position in relation to others, on a hierarchal scale that is determined by measurements of such factors as educational level, income, occupation, place of residence, or a composite of these dimensions. Socio- economic status is often used a predictor and indicator for a variety of positive and negative health and social outcomes, and is often used as a benchmark for investigating social or health inequalities. Socioeconomic status is interrelated to family ...

Alcohol drinking occurs as one of the widely coveted topics that have generated an intense debate across different parts of the world. While it is true that alcohol drinking is often perceived as a recreational behaviour, it is of the essence to comprehend with the fact that I possess dire consequence. Alcohol drinking has been linked with a number of disease conditions, especially diseases that affect the liver. In the recent past, cases of liver conditions and other disease conditions that are closely aligned with alcohol drinking have sky rocketed; hence, prompting the need to have various measures aimed at addressing ...

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Asthma and allergic reactions result in inflamed and swollen lung airways. Asthma is of two types, atopic and non-atopic. The asthma symptoms include excessive production of mucus, coughing, tightness in chest, wheezing, and difficulty in breathing. The triggers for atopic asthma are allergens and the hyper-responsiveness of IgE immunoglobulin. Genetic factors are involved in non-atopic asthma that relies on the propensity of developing asthma and hypersensitivity of airways. Epithelial cytokines, macrophage, eosinophils, and T cells collectively influence the fibroblast production resulting in muscle mutagenesis and bronchial ...

Smoking occurs as one of the most coveted topics that have elicited immense debate across various settings. While it is true that smoking may be deemed as a recreational behaviour, it is of the essence that its effects are dire. Precisely, smoking has been closely linked with a number of fatal disease conditions such as cancer. Notably smoking does not only pose as a danger to the smokers alone, instead, it poses immense danger to non-smokers as well. In most cases, non-smokers consume second hand smoke, whose implication are similar to those posed by first hand or actual smoking. Statistics drawn from ...

Theory of Care in HIV/AIDS Patients Theory Overview The concept of the theory of care emerged as a fundamental principle in nursing practice that involves a more human approach in care. Jane Watson (2008) defined the theory of human care as the practice of equanimity and loving-kindness. This core principle is concerned about providing authentic presence and deep belief of the patient while enabling the cultivation of one’s own spiritual practice. The theory encompasses an approach that fosters care healing in the nursing environment. In addition, the theory is being integrated into practice among HIV/AIDS patients, which will ...

Molloy College Abstract Lung cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States today. While smoking is a significant risk factor, there are other causes of the disease. Second-hand smoke, exposure to radon gas and asbestos, and possibly other environmental contaminants act in conjunction with gender and ethnicity to result in a diagnosis of lung cancer. Numbers indicate that more non-smokers are being diagnosed with lung cancer at this time than non-smokers due to development of the disease after cessation. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly extend the life of the lung cancer patient while studies continue seeking ...

There are hundreds of data sources that relate to obesity in the United States. However, this research cannot use all these sources. Thus, the data sources selected for this project are those which provide information on the prevalence of childhood obesity specifically in California and those that indicate effective strategies to deal with the public health problems. Babey, S.H., Wolstein, J., Diamant, A.L.. Bloom, A. &, Goldstein, H. (2012). Overweight and Obesity among Children by California Cities – 2010, UCLA Center for Health Policy Research and California Center for Public Health Advocacy. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CFUQFjAGahUKEwjugOnC2_bGAhXCtBQKHRdFDzM&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhealthpolicy.ucla.edu%2Fpublications%2FDocuments% ...

Getting rid of the Trans fats has become an issue affecting the American citizens and manufacturing industries. Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fats that found its way in the market through manufacturing and processing natural fats. Trans fats acids are considered unnatural and harmful to the health of human beings. They come to existence from vegetables, fast foods, snack foods, and baked goods. Trans fats are associated with increasing risk of coronary and heart disease. Coronary heart disease is the leading number one killer. Unsaturated fatty acids have trans isomerism opposed to trans configurations hence they lack ...

Health care is an essential basic need in which its safety and quality must be maintained at high standards at all times. If quality and safety of the health care is compromise, this can led to huge disasters such as lost of lives and patients who are receiving treatment might develop complications due to the disruptions of care plans they were subjected to by their health practitioners. Thus, is very important for any health care facility to make sure the safety and quality of services given to client is of high standards at all times. Hence, the staffs working ...

Bulimia nervosa refers to recurrent overeating, which results in self-induced vomiting. This eating disorder is one of the most acute medical and social problems of our time. Patients with bulimic symptoms suffer from an uncontrollable urge to consume a large quantity of food. Immoderate food intake leads to vomiting and excessive use of laxatives (Rushing et al., 2003). Heavy bulimia stage leads to sharp fluctuations in weight, namely 5 to 10 kg up and down, parotid gland swelling, chronic throat irritation, chronic fatigue, muscle pain and even loss of teeth. The destructive eating behaviour can be viewed from emotional, ...

Policies play a central role in the implementation of an organization’s aims and priorities. They give directions that guide the implementation of decisions through certain parameters. Managers in various organizations require policies in order to make either subjective or objective decisions. The impact of any policy directive involves both intended and unintended effects (Walker et al., 2014). While intended effects seek to derive positive impacts, unintended effects occur in complex adaptive systems. The significance of ethics in policy development process cannot be gainsaid. Policy development requires observance of certain ethical principles and codes that define a particular environment for which ...

Alcoholism is among the most serious health problems faced by various countries worldwide. Considered as a disease, alcoholism is widely associated with various etiological factors. These etiological factors are considered to be social, psychological, or genetic in nature. In order to understand better the disease concept of alcoholism, this paper will tackle the social, psychological, and genetic etiological factors of alcoholism and which among such contribute the most to the emergence of the disease. In light of this, this paper would investigate whether alcoholism is social, psychological, or genetic in nature. Traced back to as early as 10,000 ...

The congenital heart disease refers to the defects in the functioning and structure of the heart that occur during conception, and is said to take place somewhere between the 3rd and 10th week of pregnancy. According to research, the prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease may vary from about 4 to 10 for every 1,000 live births. It was noted that the frequency of the disease increased as more adults are diagnosed to be suffering from critical CHD from 1985 until 2000, where there are almost equal cases in the number of adults and children who are detected to ...

Obsessive-compulsive disorder or OCD is a mental health illness that affects both the young and adult population. A condition that used to be considered as normal, this is now considered as a chronic disease that is characterized by symptoms of obsession and compulsion. In DSM-5, OCD was recently given a separate section together with other related diseases, such as the body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania or hair-pulling disorder, hoarding disorder, and excoriation disorder (skin-picking disorder). Although the process of assessing a patient for OCD faces many challenges, some types of assessments are proven to be more effective and accurate, like the Children’s Yale-Brown ...

Introduction Although counterfactual history is concerned with what didn’t happen, it acts as a manifestation of what did. Without a doubt, counterfactual history challenges the traditional academic ways of thinking with regards to risk management in the historical analysis. It explicitly inflates the range of plausible explanations by focusing on the number of possible outcomes. In doing so, there is a threat that a multiplicity of chaotic perspectives, each facilitated by chance and contingency might open up. In the case of the Gallipoli Campaign, the following questions may be asked if the Ottomans did not win at Gallipoli:

Would the Russian ...

Poliomyelitis vs. Guillain-Barré syndrome: A comparative analysis of etiology, symptoms, prognosis and treatment Both poliomyelitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cause acute flaccid paralysis (Yuki & Hartung, 2012). However, polio has been nearly eradicated, worldwide, making GBS a leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis (Yuki & Hartung, 2012). Poliomyelitis and GBS are comparable with regard to some of the symptoms exhibited by the patients (Papadakis & McPheee, 2013); however, both of these diseases differ remarkably in the causative agent, pathophysiology, prognosis and treatment regime (Papadakis & McPheee, 2013).

Poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis is caused by Poliovirus, an enterovirus. The route of disease transmission is fecal-oral, ...

Healthcare in the United States over the last few decades has been in need of relevant, practical and effective reforms. The disparities between the wealthy insured and the poor uninsured, dependent on government provided healthcare, only continued to get wider and wider. Millions of Americans were unable to afford healthcare insurance of their own, are not offered insurance via an employer and many were unable to be accepted by insurance companies if the already had been diagnosed with a, costly, preexisting conditions. There is no doubt that change was called for. When President Barack Obama won the officer in 2008, ...

Obesity is a menace which affects the people of all the parts of the world. Obese patients are considered to be at greater risk of developing complications during chronic illness than their non obese counterparts. Obesity increases the chances of complications manifold, but the chances of mortality remains debatable (Anzueto et al., 2010). It was considered a fact that obese patients suffer poorer outcomes when they are exposed to the invasive mechanical ventilation. It is true that obese patients tend to suffer from respiratory distress more than the non obese, but the chances of progressing to mortality as results of mechanical ...

Abstract Introduction According to DSM-V, the extreme disturbance of nutrition behavior is an eating or feeding disorder. Among the diseases which group consists of are not only anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa but also “pica, rumination disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, and binge-eating disorder” (DSM-5, 2013, p.329). Each of these diseases has it typical features and often presupposes co-morbidity. For instance, the main diagnostic criteria for eating dysfunction are the complexity of weight gain or weight loss caused by eating restrictions, intentional or involuntary regurgitation of food, overeating, etc. Moreover, there is a spectrum of eating abnormalities which ...

Any long-term rise in blood pressure above the upper limit of normal vibrations (hypertension) may be the cause of diseases and pathological conditions of the heart and blood vessels. It is known that the probability of developing coronary heart disease, latent or overt cardiac and renal failure, and cerebrovascular events in adults with diastolic blood pressure (BP) greater than 90 mm Hg. two times higher than in diastolic blood pressure below 80 mm Hg. Hypertension is a pathological condition of the body's adult due to prolonged elevation of systolic blood pressure above 140 mm Hg. and diastolic blood pressure above ...

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which the level of blood glucose in patients increases drastically after caloric intake. The main cause of the disease is either the insulin production in the body is non-sufficient or the body cells do not respond to the insulin, or both. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are the symptoms of the diabetic patients i.e. frequent urination, high thirst, and high hunger. Moreover, pre-diabetes is a condition in which the blood glucose level of the patients remains normally high but not high enough that it is ranked as diabetic. There are three types of diabetes:

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The stem cell research has been debated ever since the birth of it. However, the categorization of the stem cell research has been defined in a wrong manner. Moreover, the media is sensationalizing the topic. This has resulted in a wrong notion that all stem cell research is unethical. This is a wrong notion of the research because there are two types of stem cell research. The adult stem cell research is ethical than the embryonic stem cell research. Adult stem cell research refers to the usage of matured cells from mature adult human being without killing the host. On the ...

Persons with genetic disposition to cancer are likely to have mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes that are likely to greatly increase the risk of such persons developing ovarian and/or ovarian cancer. In a normal person, the BRCA1 gene facilitates the making of a protein that is responsible to the suppression of tumor. The tumor suppressor proteins assist in preventing cells from increasing and dividing too quickly. Within the nucleus of normal cells, the BRCA1 gene interacts with other proteins to repair breaks in the DNA. The breaks in the DNA are usually caused by medical and natural radiations as well ...

An extremely new product making its impact on the health and wellness marketplace is the Airing. It is a small, hoseless, cordless, CPAP machine, which looks and (purportedly) feels completely different than its predecessors. CPAP stands for Constant Positive Airway Pressure and is a therapy device used to treat those with sleep apnea. The new device, called Airing, was developed by inventor Steven Marsh, from a project that was focused on very different technology. He refers to its development as an “incredibly happy accident (Medcalf 1).” He was working on a technology focused research assignment on mico-fluid pumps in micro electro mechanical ...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disorder associated with the degeneration of the nervous system. It is caused by multiple factors including genetic and environmental factors. Some of the symptoms of PD include difficulty in writing well, blurred speech, difficulty in performing automatic movement (such as swinging one’s arms), stooped posture and impaired balance, stiff muscles, shaking of the hands when relaxed and slow movement (Schapira, 2010). Tremor (shaking of the hands, arms, or legs when relaxed) is the first symptom that most patients notice. Problem with walking then develops, as the patient is unable to maintain body balance ...

ABSTRACT This paper discusses about the causal relationship between Autism and the MMR (Mumps, Measles and Rubella) vaccine. We hypothesized that there is some relationship between the two. We observed some cases very closely with proper investigations and diagnostic tests. Total of 5876 children were selected from different parts of the United States, among these children, some were already vaccinated and some were about to get vaccinated within the time span of few days. All of these children were subjected to different physical tests, behavioral tests and diagnostic procedures. The children, who were apparently normal at the time of ...

Rickets can be referred to as the softening, as well as weakening of bones, commonly due to an extreme and extended deficiency in vitamin D. Vitamin D enhances phosphorus and calcium absorption from the digestive tract. A vitamin D deficiency renders maintenance of proper levels of phosphorous and calcium difficult resulting in rickets. Addition of calcium or vitamin D or o the diet in general corrects any resulting problems for a child. Rickets resulting from a genetic condition may need extra or other medications. A number of skeletal deformities resulting from rickets may require restorative surgery. Symptoms of rickets include ...

Researchers conduct researches on the basis of an ideology that seems to exist. During the study, researchers formulate a hypothesis, in which they state the existence or non-existence of the phenomena under study. For a good research, the researcher has to state the null and the alternative hypothesis. It is on the basis of these classes of hypothesis, that an error is classified as a type 1 or type 2 error. The type one error is based on the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis is a hypothesis that affirms the relationship between phenomena. In the case that a researcher accepts the null hypothesis, he ...

There is a strong mutual relationship between substance abuse and psychology. This study has found that the problem of substance abuse is caused by psychological contexts in which an individual undergoes and, therefore, psychological interventions are necessary as ways to control it. In the study too, it has been found that substance abuse has accounted to many mental and other psychological problems to addicts. The research has reviewed literatures from various sources: online psychological periodicals, research articles, white papers, books and experts views from psychologists. In this regard, it has defined substance abuse and discussed ways in which psychology is related ...

In the chapter 3 from the book The Basic Concepts of Wellness, the thing is about how to train body and mind very good so that to reach success in any kind of sport, specifically fitness. Training fitness is doing the hard work by stimulating muscles and getting trained heart. This chapter tells about how to do it right not to get the body harmed. It is necessary to choose the boots right, to decide how to organize the day correctly, how to deal with problems that may happen during training. The book may be very useful in order ...

At various stages of human development the workforce performance was different. Primitive society was characterized by full employment, whereas, during the feudalism era, there was an absolute and relative agrarian overpopulation of free citizens, some of whom became soldiers, in order to do at least something. Under the conditions of frequent capitalism in the industrial stage of development, when market economy dominates in most of the countries, we have a new socio-economic phenomenon — army of unemployed. Unemployment is a complex socio-economic phenomenon in which the economically active population is unemployed.In a market economy, unemployment is a result of the interaction between labor ...

Autism is a mental disorder that influences the ability of various parts of brain functioning in normal ways. It is diverse in range, varying from patient to patient. Individuals who suffer from mild autism have less mental disrupt, they are independent, can develop social links, can acquire superior jobs and may possess some ability to face challenges. While, others who suffer severe autism have extreme impairment, they depend on others to fulfill their basic needs and require assistance in standby. Due to this extensive range in disorder, detection and therapy plans are still being investigated and modified. Advance monitoring utensils ...

Although drinking tea has been said to have health benefits for many centuries, only recently have its medicinal value been investigated empirically. There are four general categories of tea. These are green, black, white, and oolong tea. Black tea and green tea are the most common types. Black tea, which is obtained after fermentation and oxidation through fermentation, is the most commonly consumed kind. However, recent research indicates that some nutrients and elements are lost through oxidation. Green tea, which is the least unprocessed kind of tea, contains antioxidant polyphenols, especially the catechins believed to contribute to health benefits. ...

Childhood obesity is a contemporary problem of great relevance. Rates of the children diagnosed with this condition have increased considerably in the recent decades. Studies account that about 30% of children and adolescents in America are obese (Kiess 213). Obesity can easily be recognized; however, it cannot be treated easily. Nutritionists mainly associate obesity with unhealthy weight gain caused by aspects such as lack of exercise and poor eating habit. An abnormal weight gain trend indicates the likelihood of developing an obese condition. However, a child is not regarded obese until when he or she records a weight of at least 10% ...

Influenza Vaccine among Health Workers

Evidently, the human body possesses a remarkable capability, which can however be jeopardized by disease. Influenza occurs as one of the widely discussed diseases whose influence on humans has and continues to raise immense concern across various contexts all over the globe. This can be accredited to the fact that this disease occurs as one of the leading causes of respiratory infections. In fact, influenza remains a significant cause of mortality amongst the elderly populations aged above 65 years. Worth noting is the fact that the pathogenicity of influenza is dependent on environmental factors; hence grouping ...

For example Elizabeth L. Angeli, Department of Psychology, State University.

This research was supported in part by a grant from the Sample Grant Program. Angeli, Department of English, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 55555 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Major Depressive Disorder is marked by recursive episodes of low feelings in mood, shallow mindedness and persistent felling deep chasm in oneself. This can be accompanied by low self-esteem and loss of interest in pleasurable activities such as listening to music, playing games, watching movies, etc. The subject continuously displays a sad attitude and lack of interest in life. ...

Definition Arthritis is the inflammation of one or more joints in a human being (Breedveld, & Combe, 2011). This results with the stiffness of the joints and constant pain. The condition is known to worsen with the age of the individual. There are two most common types of arthritis and these are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is caused by the wear and tear of the joint of the individuals on a normal scenario. Rheumatoid arthritis on the other hand is an autoimmune disorder. There are also various types of arthritis and these include those caused by uric acid crystals, ...

The United Nations (UN) estimates that the number of amphetamine abusers to be between 13-53 million globally and most of them are between 15-64 years old. Amphetamines are a group of psychoactive drugs that induce a stimulant effect on users. However, they are associated with a high level of psychological dependence and potential for both mental and physical toxicity-related problems (Sevak, William, and Rush). Being body stimulants, amphetamine's abuse has potential for adverse effects on the abuser. Amphetamines elicit both mental and physical symptoms in active users and those on withdrawal/rehabilitation. Some of the side effects of amphetamine abuse include behavioral ...

Crohn’s disease is a persistent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may impact any part of the gastrointestinal path, however, normally impacts the ileum (Yamada, 2009). It usually occurs to individuals of age 21 or under (Wilson et al., 2010). The CD may affect the quality of life (Baumgart & Sandborn, 2007; Morrison et al., 2009). It may need surgery (Pihl-Lesnovska et al., 2010). There is a steady global rise in the occurrence of Crohn’s Disease and it represents an increased hospitalization (Gibson, 2009; Morrison et al., 2009; Wilson et al., 2010). In 2009, the CD cases in Australia were ...

While euthanasia has been widely practice even in the ancient times, opposition against mercy killing still continues until today. Saint Thomas Aquinas is one of the most vocal figures during the earliest times who believed in the sanctity of life. In fact, the saint argued that euthanasia violates the natural laws of life--survival. The ethical and moral beliefs of those countries and states in the US that openly practice euthanasia at present is founded on the basic tenet that suffering among living things whether humans or animals should not be tolerated. However, before discussing whether euthanasia is morally ...

Overweight and obesity are terms that are used to describe abnormal or excessive fat accumulation to such a level that may negatively affect the health and well-being of an individual (Rossouw, Grant and Vilihjoen, 2012). Over the recent decades obesity and overweight has developed to be a global issue with more and more individuals developing this condition. According to Bahia, Silvia, Barufaldi, de Azevedo, Alves, Pepe and Vianna (2012), in 2005, the World Health Organization indicated that an approximately 1.6 billion adults were overweight and 400 million adults were obese. Additionally, they provided an estimate that by 2015 this figures would ...

This paper throws a light on the effects of alcohol on the brain, body and behavior of a human being. Alcohol is the oldest drug that has been used by mankind. Likeness for alcohol originated 30 to 40 million years ago when people lived on diet of ripe fruits. At that time, alcoholic drinks were low in alcohol content, but now the content of alcohol has increased with the discovery of distillation. Alcohol has both positive and negative effects on the brain, body and behavior of a human being. It has been considered as a drug for medicinal purposes by doctors. But, if ...

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressive metabolic disease that affects a lot of people worldwide. According to the World Health Organization more than 436 million people worldwide have diabetic mellitus; however that number will likely double by the year 2030 without any intervention. The needs of diabetic patients are not only limited to adequate glycemic control but also correspond with preventing complications, disability limitations and rehabilitation. There are a lot of essential care behaviors in people with diabetic which predict good outcomes such as healthy eating, being active, monitoring blood sugar, compliant with medications, and risk reduction behaviors. Diabetic mellitus is associated ...

Wit begins with Vivian speaking to the audience. She is a patient at a major research hospital and has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer (Edson 3). She treats her sickness with the same impartiality as she would research. Before she was hospitalized, she was professor Bearing. She played the role of scholar and teacher specializing in the Holy Sonnets of John Donne. In her play, Margaret takes the audience through the many achievements of professor Bearing by illuminating on the past and the present achievements. Vivian takes the audience through what happens to her when she is treated with chemotherapy for a ...

Part I Introduction: Pain and pregnancy Pain is an occurrence that almost always occurs at one time or the other during the antepartum, intrapartum or postpartum period during the obstetric sojourn of the woman. Different factors result in the development of pain which is most severe during the intrapartum period. It is important for the woman to be offered modalities of abolishing or reducing the pain to the barest minimum in order to reduce the psychological and emotional trauma that excessive pain might cause the birthing mother. Moreover, it is important to give the laboring patient ...

versus silicone Foley catheters in reducing catheter associated urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients

- Construction of PICO question - Identification of key terms - Description of the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome of the question.

Identification and description of articles obtained from searching and possible need for further refinement of question. Conclusion - Selection of an evidence grading system such as the one cited in the directions above and rate at least four studies, using the EB Review Matrix to record your assessments. - Describe the relationship between levels of evidence and ...

Most of the world’s chronic diseases are preventable by long term dietary behavior. Out of the ten major causes of deaths for Americans, diet is a contributing factor to at least five of them. These diseases are such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. A report by the Joint World Health Organization on diet made in 2003 revealed that, most of the world’s chronic diseases can be prevented by regular physical exercise and maintenance of a healthy weight. This finding is valid up to date. According to this report, a person’s genome determined their susceptibility to disease while external ...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a health concern that has attracted a lot of interest from the public as well as health care providers. It has, therefore, compelled many institutions and stakeholders involved in healthcare to come up with a detailed assessment guide as well as an overall plan of care. To facilitate easy understanding of issues relating to the health concern, information regarding COPD gets sub-divided to address particular issues. It also enhances better and easy understanding of ideas relating to it as presented.

Patients of COPD among other patients with various health challenges have to have a medical intake history. ...

Sexual harassment is an unnecessary and undesirable sexual behavior that makes a person feel being offended, intimated, and humiliated, a woman in particular. It should be known that sexual harassment is not a healthy interaction, friendship, or flirtation that is mutual and consensual. Sexual harassment is sex discrimination, and it takes many different forms; it can be obvious or indirect, verbal or physical, repeated or just a curiosity and done by women and men against others of the same sex or opposite sex. Sexual harassment pollutes the environment and it has a devastating effect to the health, morale, confidence, and performance of those affected ...

Smoking ban refers to the prohibition of smoking as part of public policies for occupational safety and health regulations in office buildings and public places like bars, restaurants, city parks, college campuses and even public beaches. The rationale used for introducing smoking ban was to prevent second hand smoking. It has been estimated that the number of deaths caused by second hand smoking in USA is more than 42,000 people every year including infants (CDC #1, 2014). Since the implementation of this ban has made it a troublesome for smokers to smoke freely in places of their choice, many ...

This paper discusses four research questions in the area of the writer's interest, which is the relationship between childhood obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults. The writer identified two qualitative and two quantitative questions. The qualitative questions dealt with the most effective intervention approach for preventing childhood obesity and the factors that enabled obese children to gain normal weights in adulthood. On the other hand, the quantitative questions dealt with the relationship between family lifestyle and childhood obesity and the relationship between breastfeeding and childhood obesity versus the relationship of bottle feeding and childhood obesity. The ...

Scimitar syndrome is a very rare congenital heart disease. It is also referred to as phylogenetic lung syndrome, pulmonary venolobar, mirror-image lung syndrome, vena cava bronchovascular syndrome, Halasz’s syndrome and, epibronchial right pulmonary artery syndrome .This disease is characterized by anomalous right pulmonary venous return into the inferior vena cava. Normally, the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to the left chamber of the heart that is then pumped to the systemic circulation. However in this case, there is shunting of blood back to the inferior vena cava through an anomalous vein. This vein connects the pulmonary venous circulation ...

Depression is a disease affecting a large part of the population today. Though many people experience sadness from time to time, depression is a much more complex disease. It affects a person’s daily life and often results in physical pain. Unlike the occasional feelings of sadness that fade away, depression lasts longer (NIMH, 2014). Biopsychology involves the scientific study of the relationship between behavior and biology (Green, 2013). In the study of their relationship, biology and behavior mostly interact in the brain and nervous system. It will also apply to the analysis of depression in relation to the biology; this study ...

Parkinson’s disease is grouped under movement disorders. This group comprises of disorders that relate to various unusual body movements. In addition, these odd movements are linked to the neurological system. For example, conditions such as ataxia, cerebral palsy and Tourette syndrome fall under this category. Parkinson’s disease refers to a progressive disorder of the nervous system which influences an individual’s movement, writing and speech (Simuni, 2009). This infection is characterized by symptoms that develop in a gradual manner, and may start as a slight tremor of the hand. The disease is also associated with stiffness of muscles which ...

Hemophilia is a chronic medical disorder that causes internal bleeding and can result in deformity, joint mobility impairment, chronic pain, and narcotic medication abuse. There is no cure for hemophilia, so psychological interventions are necessary to help the affected individuals manage their condition and emotionally cope with the consequences of the disorder. Even though psychological interventions are considered an essential part of care delivery to hemophilia patients and their families, most of the interventions focus on acceptance, coping strategies, and cognitive-behavioral changes while neglecting potential psychiatric problems associated with hemophilia. This paper will discuss the importance of psychological interventions for ...

Muscular dystrophy disorders are hereditary neuromuscular disorders in which the skeletal muscles deteriorate progressively due to loss of the functional protein dystrophin encoded by the DMD gene. There are many types of muscular dystrophy and they are classified based on the genetic mechanisms involved. Muscular dystrophy symptoms are usually caused by mutations in the link between cytoskeletal and basal lamina proteins since dystrophin is a sarcolemmal membrane protein (Meregalli M, 2013). Loss of ambulation is also an important clinical milestone in the clinical diagnosis of muscular dystrophy. Respiratory muscles, particularly the intercostal and diaphragm muscles are also affected by muscular ...

Introduction The indigenous people of Canada are the initial occupants of the present day Canada. They include the First Nations, Inuit and Métis. The indigenous people had a solid cultural health infrastructure even before the advent of modern medical system (Waldram, Herring & Young, 2000). The cultural health system had elements like midwifery, surgery, diagnosis and prescription principles. However, by the transition of the cultural health systems through periods of colonial influence, they have been significantly diluted. The indigenous body of beliefs about healthcare, wellbeing, spirituality and physical health, were considered deficient and substandard to the colonial health systems ( ...

- Euthanasia: Liberating Individuals from Pain and Suffering - But what exactly are animals? And what makes humans different from other animals such that some humans are sometimes confounded on the morals of putting other humans and domesticated animals to mercy killing? But the latter question seems very difficult to answer since it involves questioning the existence of the higher moral status of humans. - Perhaps the more clear cut definition of an animal in a biological perspective is that they are biological multicellular entities that belong to Kingdom Animalia. These biological entities are motile to include humans ...

Schizophrenia is a very serious mental illness that is characterized by serious disturbance in the sufferer’s thoughts, perception, behavior and even imagination and perception. When looking at it critically, schizophrenia happens to be an umbrella diagnosis that covers several mental disorders. But what contribute most to this condition are the depressive and anxiety disorders which people experience in everyday life (Jones & Buckley 2006). Some of the common symptoms include hearing of internal voices, believing that other people might harm the sufferer and this will always leave the patient fearful and very much withdrawn. According to the Substance Abuse and ...

Depression is a medical condition, causing a wide array of physical, as well as psychological symptoms. According to an article entitled “Depression in Adolescence” published in The Lancet, nearly 8 percent of all adolescents will experience depression before they reach their teens . Nearly 4% of them will remain depressed through their teenage years. Unfortunately, many times this mental illness goes undiagnosed because the symptoms can be difficult to recognize in this age group (2012). Regardless of whether it is diagnosed or not, if untreated, it can become a significant problem in the adolescent’s life. Though the exact cause of depression ...

Final project The clinical social worker is a job position that should be incorporated in the company, because the organization needs a person who can advise other employees on their health. The worker will be in the department of health where employees who can reach the health, social worker at any time of the day. The reason for having health social workers in the organization is for the benefit of the employees who fall sick during work hours, and need immediate care. Additionally, a health worker is a person who can work with citizens from different areas, and cultures, and are willing ...

BIO 201 Pollution and the Human Body The human body has an incredible defense and healing system. It uses the various senses like smell, sight and taste to filter the food, air and water as they get into the body. The skin safeguards the body tissues and internal organs from environmental hazards. The skin also senses the variations in environmental temperatures and acts as the body’s stimuli in controlling the body temperature. The brain and the nervous system are part of the complex response and flight mechanism that responds to emergencies and dangers. An army of ...

Obesity is a condition in which the body fats accumulates to the levels where it may have adverse effects on someone’s health, hence leading to increased health problems and reduced life expectancy (Haslam, 2009). An individual is categorized as obese when the body mass index exceeds 30kg/m2. Obesity escalates the chances of one attracting various diseases, predominantly heart disease, certain types of cancers, sleep disorders, osteoarthritis and type two diabetes as noted by Haslam. Statistics reveal that today, two-thirds of the adults in the United States of America and almost one out of three children have obesity or are ...

China’s air pollution crisis is currently a topic of concern at national and international based. It is indicated that the growing stages of pollution, more than 24 times the WHO-suggested limits, make long and short-term health threats containing of high sterility rates, and make threats to both the internal city areas and external neighboring state’s solidity. Growing fears on the impacts of pollution grows a new query: will China’s air crisis directed to more enclosed cities.

Nowadays pollution arises from day to day. Air pollution is very awful for our well-being so illnesses increase gradually. In the past, ...

Hormone replacement therapy is spoken in hush tones and with underserved skepticism, especially testosterone for men. This begs the question, what is the reason for unprecedented backlash regarding hormone replacement therapy, especially when using testosterone in men? The claims made seem unsubstantiated, weak and are not backed by any evidence. More precisely, they are in contravention of recent discoveries and published studies. The tragedy is that such misinformed happen in the public domain and are propagated through many different media outlets. In the interest of fairness, I ask seek to know why the media does not report on the ...

They say that, “Eating is a moral act” ("Ethics of Eating"). Unfortunately, even though what we eat is a reflection of our character, basic values and beliefs, the American people of today are not giving much thought to what they eat. Whether they are buying their food at a local fast-food franchise or at a supermarket, Americans prefer their food to be cheap, convenient, and quick. The American way of life is built around efficiency and speed, and today, they like things that are easy and fast, that require minimal economic or personal sacrifice. However, there was once a time when American food culture ...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as a health condition that makes it difficult to inhale and exhale which has resulted in many deaths as noted by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). As the fourth cause of deaths among Americans resulting from long-term inhalation of pollutants, it is imperative to develop a long term management plan, establish standards and best practices that can lead to effective and efficient managing of the situation, and establish clinical standards based on evidence-based practice regarding the management of the health challenge

In developing the overall case management plan, it is relevant to factor in some ...

A group of severe conditions known as eating disorders. An abnormal eating pattern is described as an "Eating Disorder”. Such pattern help in satisfying the psychological needs instead of physical requirements. The three most common eating disorders recorded are named as Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating. Another condition is a dangerous desire to look thin and high fear of weight-gain. This fear lead to limited food intake. In these conditions, patients are worried about food and weight that is checked by the patients on a frequent basis. Many young people use other compensatory techniques to lose weight as vomiting, ...

Barth, Emmy. An Embassy Besieged: The Story of the Christian Community in Nazi Germany. Eugene, Or: Cascade Books, 2010. Print. This book elaborates the efforts of Adolf Hitler and its political system while trying to eliminate Christianity in Germany. The book uses relevant sources of information making it reliable for the study of the history of Germany in relation to the dictatorship of Hitler against Christianity. This is of the essence in ensuring that the historians have relevant facts pertaining to the acts of dictatorship perpetrated by Hitler. The author of this book is an experienced lecturer of ...

Halting the spread/progression of HIV/AIDS by the year 2015 is one of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. The United Nations (2013) indicate that tremendous advancements have been made in efforts to reverse the spread of HIV among the world populations. Most regions in the world have reported a reduction in persons newly infected with HIV. However, from a global perspective the awareness and knowledge level of how HIV is transmitted and prevention measures still remain significantly low especially among the young generation. Moreover, adherence and access to HIV treatment still remain a challenge to the control of HIV spread (Bermúdez, ...

The Guttmacher Institute has been providing research and policy analysis in the areas of sexual and reproductive health since the late 1960s. A major area of the organization’s research is in HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections. The Institute’s research is diverse and focuses on such disparate issues as education, sociology, and economics that interplay in cases of sexually transmitted diseases. Analyzing international and local attitudes towards sexual health, The Guttmacher Institute paints a comprehensive picture of the AIDS epidemic and how it is affecting the world. There are many viruses, bacteria, and other parasites that can cause ...

The limited resources of housing, day programs clinical support and family of the Federal and State government have allot of effects on individuals with cognitive impaired and developmental delay. Developmental delay and cognitive impairment are almost similar in that they both affect how a person acts, thinks and feels. Developmental delay is defined as the condition in which, an individual especially a child who develops at a slower rate compared to others their age. This development can be either physically or mentally. Cognitive impairment can be defined as simply mental retardation in which a person begins to loss their memories. This is what ...

The movie A Beautiful Mind is about Nobel laureate John Nash, who suffered from paranoid schizophrenia. In this movie, directed by Ron Howard, the viewer follows the life of a brilliant mathematician and economist. The movie shows many symptoms of this condition, especially the positive ones. On display are also the difficulties that this illness represents both at a personal and at a social level, including for the family. Last, one may see possible treatments for this disease, including electroshock therapy and disability management techniques and their effects. This film, while entertaining and being aesthetically pleasing, also shows the symptoms of paranoid ...

The actual charge associated with profitable health advancement implementation can be disappointing. Middle managers employ a likely important however badly recognized position inside health advancement implementation. Health care, in the US undoubtedly, is suffering along with wanting assist. Indeed, hospital treatment has produced unbelievable innovations in the past. The actual well-known problems range between professional medical glitches, which in turn through a few company accounts are the ninth primary cause of dying in the states, for the soaring charge associated with health. Just how much used right now presents in relation to one-sixth of the U.S. gross domestic merchandise; it continues ...

The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) is one of the forest agency under the United States Agricultural Department that monitors the country’s 20 national grasslands and 155 national forests that consist of 193 000 000 acres (i.e. 780 000 square kilometers). The main divisions under this agency include the R&D branch, Private and State Forestry, Law Enforcement and Investigations, and the National Forest branch.

The operation of the Forest Service is controlled by the federal government, which is responsible in formulating new laws and regulations. This research examines how the different parts are involved in the decisions and regulation ...

Homelessness in the world is significant humanity problem, which while many will acknowledge needs to be resolution, they also seemed to be unmoved with making a change. The stigmatization associated with homeless people is spread through the misinterpretations of the reasoning of how the individual arrives at their situation. This is largely a problem for the ever increasing population of homeless youth which has risen in the last several years due to the economic situation and familial factors in which self-determination and perseverance take priority. The problems that many homeless individuals face as well as youth is the lack of healthcare. ...

Clinical Question P (problem/population) - siblings of actively dying patients I (Intervention) - sibling preparation and involvement at patient’s end of life C (comparison) - compared to no preparation and involvement

Target population – siblings aged between 3 and 21 years of incurably ill kids at end of life of patients. Sibling Preparation: This refers to the age and support information on the patient’s end of life status. It provides various opportunities for the sibling to hold, ask questions, and visit. It also refers to the participation of kids in activities that make memory ...

One of the most controversial issues ever over time is abortion and whether women have the right to have one or not. The debate has become even more intense after the Roe v. Wade court case. Opposing viewpoint collide, based on one’s religion, morals and political affiliations, among others. To answer the perpetual dilemma ‘to have an abortion or not’ is always difficult and subjective. However, introducing the health problems deriving from having an abortion is a more objective approach, given that projected medical-related problems are based on solid evidence and facts. This paper discusses the possible reasons why a ...

My thesis statement is that medical charities are utmost important for the nation as well as humanity in general as they help to cope with medical emergencies and necessities thus saving several precious lives and providing much needed medical help on time. This is the reason I have chosen medical charities from among the other charities to donate the sum of $10,000 at my disposal. For efficiently gauging which are the best medical charities, I have done some preliminary research by poring through their websites in detail supported by secondary research of going through their performance parameters and ...

The Healthcare One health care systems is a non-profit, independent health care organization. We are known for the highest quality of patient care. Our dedication to excellence, compassion and innovation is rooted in our corporate culture. Also, our devotion to art and science of healing will guide us towards creation of our mission and vision. By creating a clear mission and vision statements, we intend to powerfully communicate our intentions, and also to motive our team to realize its goals.

Mission Our mission statement defines our purpose and our primary objectives. It is for internal reflection – to define key measures ...

Part 1: Vaccinations are mandatory for most babies and school-aged children as they build the body’s immune response. What are some pros and cons of vaccines? Despite some reported risks of vaccines, for many medical professionals, these risks outweigh the benefits children get from them. Vaccines are believed to be responsible for the decline and prevention of infectious childhood diseases. However, vaccines do not guarantee 100% protection from illnesses. If a child contracts (who has been vaccinated) a particular disease, he or she experiences milder symptoms and complications (“Pro & Con Arguments,”2014), making it a lot easier to treat and ...

Obesity or being overweight is having a lot of body fat that is excessive or abnormal and usually has a risk on an individual’s health. It has numerous negative effects on an individual’s health and life in general. Health effects of obesity that affects individuals include illnesses such as high blood pressure, diabetes, joint problems, heart diseases, cancer, metabolic syndrome, psychosocial effects, respiratory problems and sleep apnea (Bray, 2004). In relation to high blood pressure, extra weight that results from obesity raises the individual’s heart rate, which returns, reduces the ability of the body to carry blood ...

OUTLINE - Introduction - An overview of the main points involving Bipolar Disorder will be discussed - Description of Bipolar Disorder - Etiology or cause of the disorder - DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 symptom criteria of Bipolar Disorder - Disorder Statistics - Prevalence or the number of people who display Bipolar Disorder in the total population at any given time - The number of cases or incidence of Bipolar Disorder appearing during a specific period - Other relevant facts pertaining to Bipolar Disorder - Treatments for Bipolar Disorder - The ...

Shingles is a viral disease caused by varicella-zoster virus. It can occur on any part of the body and causes a painful rash. However, this disease or infection is found on the torso. Vaccinations are used to reduce the chances of infection as well as reducing severe complications of this infection. It is important to note that this infection cannot be classified as life threatening condition. Gillian M.Keating in his article “Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Vaccine (Zostavax): A Review of Its Use in the Prevention of Herpes Zoster and Post-herpetic Neuralgia in Adults Aged ≥50 Years”, analyses the use of ...

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic problem with major infections to lungs, pancres, intestine and liver. The main characteristic of the disease is abnormal transport of chloride, and sodium in the epithelium leading to thick secretions. It usually results from mutation in the gene for a protein known as cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This is a hormone which is usually involved in various body excretion processes. The main method of transmission of the disease is through genes. However, research has proved that it can be still transferred among people with no DNA connection The disease is ...

Description of the communicable disease (causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment) and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence) Tumberculosis (TB) is a communicable chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects lungs; it may affect any organ or tissue of the body. Typically, the centres of tubercular granulomas undergo caseous necrosis. It is “spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person”. Typically, its symptoms include; persistent cough for more than three weeks, in which the phlegm maybe bloody; weight loss; night sweats; high temperature; tiredness and fatigue; ...

Obesity is defined as having a sex- and age- specific body mass index (BMI) at or above the ninety fifth percentile of national growth standards. Obesity is directly linked to excessive/abnormal fat accumulation. The BMI is a ratio of the body weight and height and is the most common and accurate measure of obesity because it correlates to the amount of body fat. In terms of BMI, a person is considered to be obese if s/he has a BMI of over 30 (which is often ≥20% the normal body weight). A body mass index ...

Use of a standard language in nursing for the nursing care documentation is very crucial to the bedside or direct care nurse and the nursing profession. The American Nurses Association currently approves thirteen standardized nursing languages to direct care. Ten of these languages are specifically for the nursing care. In the course of delivering nursing services, all the nurses need to have a common means of expression and communication. They need to agree over a common terminology when describing interventions, outcomes, and interventions related to the specific documentation. By doing this, nurses all over the world are able to apply commonly comprehended ...

Obesity occurs as one of the primary factors that have generated contentious debates across various settings all over the globe. This can be accredited to the fact that there has been a sudden increase in the incidence and prevalence of this condition. In fact, obesity has evolved into a condition worth being termed as a pandemic condition. While much has been hypothesized regarding obesity, it is of the essence to note that it meanly refers to a lifestyle condition that manifest in cases whereby an individual has accumulated significantly higher amount of body fat to an extend that such fat jeopardizes his or ...

- Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric order in children. Its first diagnosis on children was done in 1980s. However, the condition had been described in various names for over one hundred years. For many years healthcare professionals and providers believed that this disorder only affected children. The diagnosis of adults with ADHD disapproved this belief. It is now universally accepted that ADHD affect both children and adults across all cultures. The world prevalent rate in 2007 was 3.4% (Knutson & O'Malley, 2010).

ADHD is a neurological disorder that is partly caused by the dysfunction ...

Ethical issues are very important for any organization to run successfully and gain the trust of its employees and clients. The healthcare section is one of the major areas where social and cultural ethical issues need to be taken seriously. Leaders in the healthcare section are the most victims of the ethical issues, and they challenges they face fall under dressing code, and nonverbal communications. Other areas where they face problems include the diverse beliefs of their employees, culture, location issues and Health informatics and health information. In the article, Ethical Challenges and Responsibility of Leaders, written by Squazzo ...

Oral health is an important aspect in the person’s overall health and hygiene. However, most elderly people are not getting adequate oral health care. The purpose of this paper is to examine the dental health status of seniors in Canada. It aims to identify the health risks associated with poor oral health among the elderly as well as to identify the disparities among other age groups especially on the younger and employed population of Canada. Underlying the investigation is the primary interest of this study which is to determine whether seniors in Canada are getting adequate oral health ...

Disease and illness are a source of great fear for many young and old. There are any numbers of diseases that can limit one’s mobility, ability to function, and even strip them of their five senses. However, there are no conditions more frightening to many in the public as those that affect and compromise one’s mind. As we age it is not uncommon for people to forget things here and there, but when it goes beyond minor forgetfulness, but strips a person memories and ability to recognize even their closest loved-ones, it becomes incredibly frightening. Wives and husbands will ...

Effects of Alcoholic Drinks on the Human Body Christmas is fast approaching; many people are now busy with their holiday shopping and most of the malls are now crowded with buyers aiming to buy goods at a cheaper price. Aside from the food ingredients, the holidays are not complete without a bottle of alcoholic drinks. Beers, wines, vodka, martini and Bloody Mary are one of the few popular names for alcoholic drinks, Tempting it may sound but alcoholic drinks are harmful to the body. Gifford, Friedman and Majerus (2009) argue that drinking alcohol causes the human body to become vulnerable ...

Abstract The rejection of insurance claims is quite rampant in the Middle East. Private health insurance is necessary for the millions of the expatriates who live in the Middle East. In the UAE, there is no comprehensive data on the rejection of claims. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of the rejection of health insurance claims in the UAE. This will be done by obtaining data from the health information management system at the hospital where the researcher works as a hospital manager. Data will also be obtained from the e-claim system. The data that will be obtained ...

Many historians note that the fourteenth century was an era that saw many natural and man-made catastrophes. The Black Death and the Great Famine were two of the natural disasters that caused the deaths of millions of people and demonstrated the impact of the vulnerabilities in the Western part of the European society. At the start of the fourteenth century, the population in Europe grew to the extent that the land provided resources that could support the region under the most excellent conditions. In fact, there was no margin for the failure of crops or the shortfalls in the ...

This paper investigates the cause of unemployment in the economy. Then it highlights the adverse impact rising unemployment levels have on the society as whole. We will later device suitable policy recommendation for the governments, so that they can rectify this economic evil and ensure a smooth running progressive economy. The implications of the policy are also evaluated giving the reader a justification for the suggestion of that particular policy.

Unemployment has been a matter of apprehension for political economy since its commencement. Numerous nations whether progressive industrial economies or developing countries, have had very high rates of unemployment later to the ...

A wound can be described in several ways i.e. by its aetiology, anatomical location or whether it is acute or chronic. However, these definitions, serve a critical role in the assessment and proper management of the wounds. An actual account, its definition can be broken down into the skin’s protective functions: continuous epithelium loss with or without connective tissues being loosed. This is as a result of an injury caused to the skin by either surgery, blow, cut or even chemicals. A wound can also be said to be any type of an injury that causes harm to the skin. ...

The United States ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world. However, the country still has a number of people who are uninsured, under-insured and without adequate healthcare coverage? According to the Census Bureau, there are about 42.0 million people in the United States who are without basic healthcare coverage. The 2013 Census Bureau yearly report on healthcare coverage advises private healthcare providers cover 64% of the population. The Affordable Care Act for Small Businesses proposes that healthcare be "readily available to everyone in the United States regardless of work status or financial situation (retrieved from, The Affordable Care Act ...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a condition that results in changes in the brain and affects the memory of individual as well as other mental abilities. The disease has many effects on the brain of an individual and as it progresses so does its effect on the individual’s life and those around him or her. The historical evaluations of the disease provide a basis for understanding the disease better and the approaches that may help in combating it. This when coupled with current research provides relevant information that can help understand how it affects the brain (Perry, 2013). Alzheimer’ ...

Registered nurses are nurses that have passed licensing exams and then graduated from a nursing program. Their scope of practice is judged by legislation governing nurses who are regulated by professional bodies and councils. Drew is a Registered Nurse, who works at a busy 42-bed medical unit. Drew is supposed to be trained based on hospital procedures and policies and variety of skills performed by Registered Nurses. Before Drew can perform his skills without supervision from his preceptor, he should demonstrate his competency check-offs. He has completed 75% of this check-offs before his preceptor goes for vacation. Drew is then given another ...

New Jersey should continue to prohibit smoking in public places such as restaurants, clubs, bar and other public places. In fact, studies show that exposure to second-hand smoke can result to psychological distress that may lead to mental illness in healthy adults in the future. It has been proven that second-hand smoke has been associated to several somatic health results. In the study that was conducted in the country London, specifically in Glasgow and Edinburgh, the researchers discovered that there is connection between mental health and second-hand smoke exposure by measuring the using salivary cotinine level of a person (Nursing ...

What is depression? Depression is essentially feeling ‘down’. It is a severe mood state that may affect the general state of mind. This usually comes about as a result of encountering a stressful condition or failing to meet one’s expectations in life as expected of them by the society or just at an individual level. Chronic lifestyle illnesses have been largely associated with such cases of anxiety and depression and so patients with rheumatic arthritis have been faced with the same condition. The nature of the disease incapacitates the patients and makes them fully dependant on others. This can be ...

Depression is a mental disorder characterized by the ‘depressive triad’: 1) depressed mood and loss of the ability to experience the pleasure (anhedonia); 2) impaired thinking (negative judgments, pessimistic view of what is happening, and so on; 3) motor retardation. The depression is characterized by lowered self-esteem, the loss of interest in life and usual activities. In some cases, a person suffering from depression can begin to abuse alcohol or other psychotropic substances (Salmans, 1995). As a mental disorder, depression is a violation of the affect. Depression can be treated, but now the depression is the most widespread mental disorder. Every ...

Introduction For this paper, the topic that was chosen is about obesity. The term obesity refers to the accumulation of excess body fat which can be associated to the physical demonstration of chronic energy surplus (Chaput, Doucet & Tremblay 681). In our present environment, obesity has become one of the most challenging problems that the world has to face. This situation has been dubbed as the obesogenic environment, referring to the consumption of energy and is detrimental to the expenditure of energy. Obesity is not just a problem of the adult population since the number of obese children continues to ...

The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from various parasites, bacteria, virus etc. that try to destabilize the homeostasis. Naturally, the immune system is considered one of the most important mechanisms that help us recuperate from diseases. When the immune system malfunctions and starts destroying self-cells, it leads to certain disorders. In other circumstances, the immune system may be suppressed and fail to kill disease causing cells. Here we will discuss a few disorders of the immune system.

Allergy or hypersensitivity type I is also known as allergic reaction or intolerance, in this scenario the immune system creates a ...

[Professor]

Introduction Food Inc. is a documentary film that is personally enlightening. As a common trait among the American population, I order the fast food more often without realizing how it affects my personal health. After watching the film, I felt remorse for myself and for ever negative impacts caused by the society that has given met much comfort. The film tries to confront how food business is affecting health and environment and reveals who really benefits from it. It showcased celebrated law suits against the giant fast food chain in the United States due to its health impacts that ...

Human XPA is a protein engaged in DNA damage recognition and repair. A mutation in the gene encoding the protein causes an autosomal recessive disorder, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), which renders an individual sensitive to sunlight and causes skin cancer. XPA is a 273 amino acid protein, which is predominantly localized in the nucleus. It is expressed at both high and moderate levels in several tissues. The protein serves as a damage sensor in a nucleotide excision repair mechanism, through which the damage to a DNA strand is verified and repaired by formation of a newly synthesized strand. Besides this primary NER mechanism, XPA in conjunction ...

Health Care Expenditures Attributable to Smoking In the United States alone, there are about 440,000 individuals who die annually of smoking related diseases (Pubmed). According to the U.S Department of Health and Human Services, recent studies linked cigarette smoking to a numerous other diseases to include abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute myeloid leukemia, cataract, cervical cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, pneumonia, periodontitis, and stomach cancer. “These are in addition to diseases previously known to be caused by smoking, including bladder, esophageal, laryngeal, lung, oral, and throat cancers, chronic lung diseases, coronary heat and cardiovascular diseases, as well as reproductive ...

Emergency Medical Services, commonly known as EMS, is a coordinated system responsible for the provision of emergency medical care that acts with quick response in case of an emergency. EMS’ responsibilities lie in offering protection to the safety and health welfare of the public. It does this by ensuring that urgent medical services are readily available through use of ambulance services, emergency medical technicians, and emergency medical response agencies. Additionally, EMS has established trauma centers and training entities to help meet or surpass the established standards of emergency care. EMS is also integrated with other systems and services whose aims ...

Rheumatic fever (RF), or acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is an autoimmune complication caused by the human-specific bacterial pathogen group A (B-hemolytic) streptococcus (GAS), Streptococcus pyogenes. S. pyogenes is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium that is coccoid or spherical in shape and usually occurs in pairs or chains. It produces hemolysin that forms a clear zone around the colonies when grown on blood agar. It has been designated as part of group A via Lancefield serotyping because it displays the carbohydrate antigen A on its cell wall. It is non acid-fast, non-spore forming, and may or may not have capsules. It has generally ...

Global warming has been a very common issue to a lot of people. It had become the topic of every conference, seminars and meeting around the world. It is clear to a lot of people that global warming is no longer a prediction, because scientific studies and evidence continues to arise that the earth’s climate is changing at a very fast pace. Even though the evidence is clear, there is no certainty in every single detail of the evidence because of the nature of science. Global warming has caused a lot of change to the state of the climate for it to be noticed ...

While much has been hypothesized regarding disease surveillance, it is of the essence to note that this occurs as one of the fundamental components of animal health services. This may be attributed to the fact that disease surveillance offers a comprehensive platform that provides warning on impending disease outbreaks. On a similar note, disease surveillance offers a viable platform that allows for planning, implementation and monitoring of a wider array of disease control programs. In a nutshell, disease surveillance is important for emergency preparedness for any animal disease. A close analysis of the Australian contexts depicts the existence of a robust animal disease surveillance program, ...

The decrease in world’s petroleum and oil supply has led the nations to look for alternate sources of energy. As a result of this short-supply, unconventional gas reserves are gaining importance as alternative source of crude oil, where the unconventional gas reserves are estimated to contribute to 45% of the US gas production by the year 2035. Large-scale extraction of unconventional natural gas has resulted in the development of new and untested extraction technology such as hydraulic fracturing or hydrofracking, which is expected to develop rapidly in the next few decades near human settlements and pose a health hazard (Adgate, ...

The pharmaceutical industry has for a long period developed small molecule drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid. However, the period after 1970, has been characterized by a revolution in biotechnology resulting in the development of biologic medicines. One of the major biotechnological advancement has been mapping of the human genome leading to therapies such as stem cell and gene therapy. There has been a great investment in biologics. In 2009, the most five prescribed pharmaceutical products were large molecule products (Rozek, 2013). In United States, over a hundred different biologic agents have been approved for use (Pharmacy Practice News, 2013). According to Amgen ( ...

Cervical cancer is among the leading causes of mortality in women. Cervical cancer was first mentioned by Hippocrates (Greece), he described the disease and found it incurable. With invention of colposcope by Dr Hinselmann in 1925, the doctors become able to examine the cervix and detect the early stages of cancer. Timely diagnostics allowed surgery interventions to be successful. In 1928, Georgios Papanikolaou improved cervical cancer diagnostics through enabling identification of cervical cells abnormalities. “Papanikolaou-smear” or “pap-smear”, based on liquid based cytology, after its inception (1943) became the widespread form of diagnostics of cervical cancer and preceeding abnormalities because ...

The issue on teenage pregnancy is one of the most common issues involving the youth at the present time. In recent years, there is a high increase in teenage pregnancy cases around the globe, despite the efforts done by the government to stop its continuous onset. Adults – especially parents- are becoming weary over the increasing rate of teenagers becoming pregnant as it also results to the increase in abortion rates, school drop outs and even economic turmoil. Many studies have been conducted in the past to determine as to what triggers teenage pregnancy and it has varied immensely every year. ...

The essay addresses technology and its effects on our lives and the society. The role of technology in our lives has been interpreted with different intensity and varying perspectives by people. Some say without technology human lives would be impossible, a percentage of people assert that technology is a luxury and not a basic need. Other opinions refuse the significance of technology in our lives, while some believe that technology does play a minor role as far as the life of human beings is concerned. What is not clear to many is why technology, the most conspicuous fortune changer and the most sought ...

Millions of animals undergo distressing scientific procedures, and some of these can be very painful. Does the Legislation of animal experimentation under modern societies make the issue ethically acceptable? The “3Rs” concept focuses on the efforts to replace, reduce and refine the animal testing and experiments. There is a continuing debate going on ethical issues of the use of animal in scientific experiments (Kolar111-22). Animal testing is nothing new in the society, and it has been done since centuries. The animals have been used in different researchers working in the areas of health and food. Earlier, the animals have been ...