Essays on Genetic Engineering

INTRODUCTION

Modern science and technology has made fascinating discoveries and incredible innovations. There have been amazing advances in all areas and disciplines from engineering and robotics to science and medicine. It is the latter that has made some of the greatest advances and innovations. Human beings learn more and more everyday about how to treat illnesses and prevent diseases. They have also learned so much about the how the human body works; right down to the genes that make all living things what they are. It is possible today for scientists to understand how genes affect traits and that sometimes ...

Opinion on Genetic Engineering

In my opinion, genetic engineering is one of the key forces that will help humanity survive and live better lives in the future. Despite the proliferation of views against genetic engineering, I still believe that it can do more good than harm. Many people are already benefitting from it, and we cannot these benefits. Diabetic patients for example have been taking insulin to live longer. Note that the current insulin drug is prepared through genetic engineering. Nevertheless, I also believe that there should be strict rules on applying genetic engineering because I consider it a double edge sword that ...

The concepts presented in the film, Gattaca are not entirely fictional. Advances in science and technology have presented some exceptional cures and treatments for the human species. There are numerous discoveries and inventions that have made the quality of one’s life better than what was once possible. However, along with the numerous phenomenal breakthroughs in medicine, there are also some developments that come into question as unethical. The premise of the movie was structured around genetic engineering of embryos’ to be designed into the perfect human based on the requests of the parents-to-be. The main character Vincent was ...

Civilization combined with the industrial revolution has altered the cycle of life dramatically. Land, air and water are all elements that have experienced significant change to wildlife, atmospheric and human conditions. As urban cities expand throughout the globe, man becomes more dependent on corporations, construction, development and manufactured goods in the ultimate form consumption. In order to maintain consumerism, land is being built over using components that smother the Earth. Pouring concrete over a meadow, for example, suffocates both plant and wildlife and welcomes the exhaust of concrete, automobiles, trucks and rubber tires that overall poisons every natural characteristic ...

American Public University

Technological development is expected to provide a more comfortable life for people. However, there is no certain scientific proof that exhibits that technological development could assist us to solve poverty problem or any other social issue based on limited natural resources. The primary expectation is to substitute limited natural resources with capital and solve the satisfaction problem of people. In this paper, I will discuss two main issues with food production: conventional farming and genetically engineered food. Also, I will consider Malthus' law of population to indicate that even technological development cannot create desired conditions for a large world ...

The article "Scientists Talk Privately About Creating A Synthetic Human Genome", written by Andrew Pollack, is about the research made by the author and other scientists in the sphere of the coordinated oscillations. They have managed to contemplate the human genome fabrication within the modern synthetic biology. They took various forms and components, linked them in order to create differently new forms with the aim of creating the new human DNA by use of chemicals. In general, synthetic biology considers the switches of genes, and the scientists made there investigations within that sphere. In recent years, instead of the ...

Our food is one of the most essential part of being human. As such, we have strived to improve techniques in food processing and preservation and have also sought ways to develop more efficient ways of food production. We have done research on various chemicals and fertilizers that allow crops to grow abundantly on relatively less fertile soil and we have also studied insecticides and pesticides that help farmers get rid of harmful pests that kill and lessen harvests of produce. However, these innovations have also led to adverse environmental effects on the quality of our environment and even ...

Introduction

Human activity on the natural resources causes threats to the land sustainability either directly or indirectly. This paper examines soil erosion, genetically modified grains and overpopulation as the main threats to land sustainability.

Soil erosion and how it impacts the global food supply

Soil erosion is the washing away of the earth’s topsoil by agents such as wind and rainwater, and it occurs mainly due to human activities. Agriculture is the primary cause of soil erosion. When people clear natural vegetation to create framing fields, the topsoil is exposed to erosion agents such as the wind. Deforestation is also a leading contributor of soil erosion. As people cut ...

Genetically modified plants have always been a debatable topic surrounded by many controversies. Different research workers have put forward different hypotheses regarding them. Some stand for them, while many are against. The genetically modified crops might have proved to be a boon for many, but at the same time they have brought about much worse effects to the environment. The genetically modified crops are known to harm the natural flora and bring about adverse effects on agriculture too. The changes that are brought about at the genetic level of the plants bring in some changes in their natural character ...

The number of people on the planet continues to increase and with them, the need for more and more nutritious food grows. For that reason, scientists seek research to genetically change plants and animals to provide medicine, good, and organisms not for consumption. As the public is exposed to information on genetically modified organisms (GMOs), strong opinions are forged concerning the safety of eating them. Questions arise over the risks presented to human beings and the environment, if GMOs are really necessary to supply the world with adequate amounts of food, if there are alternatives, and what surrounding ethical ...

The advances in biotechnological field have made it possible to understand the genetic role behind molecular mechanisms to large extents. This in depth understanding of biological processes has paved ways to treat the untreatable aiding the human existence in multitudes of aspects like food, health, bioremediation, mining, biopharmaceutical production and much more. This microbial world is vast and has been a platform for human beings to explore their biological systems as they are simpler cells and can be manipulated with much ease than complex systems. The DNA harnessed within the cells are the molecular entities that have been targeted ...

Introduction

Biotechnology refers to a group of technologies that share two common characteristics namely, having a wide range of practical uses to improve human lives and working with cells and their molecules. A more detailed definition refers to biotechnology as the technical use of living creatures on the molecular or cellular level to obtain beneficial results. Traditionally biotechnology has been used in the commercial production of bread, brewing alcoholic beverages, as well as in the breeding of domestic animals and food crops. In many cases, biotechnology leads to development of numerous industries-forensics, pharmaceuticals, medicine, textile industries among others. Biotechnology also ...

In generic sense of the term, a "genetically modified organism" is a living organism whose genome has been altered artificially. This understanding includes all the possible ways of modifying the genetic information, from crosses method for genetic engineering tools. From a legislative point of view, a large number of countries and organizations use a more restrictive definition in reference to that specified in the Cartagena Protocol, which means "living modified organism" "any organization living with a novel combination of genetic material. " However, this definition is not universally recognized. Some countries, including the United States, do not make this use ...

Major Achievements in Biology

Researchers and scientists are always intrigued by biological processes and activities, and strive to utilize them for benefit of mankind. Antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and several therapeutic agents, high yielding as well as disease tolerant plants and animals are all results of extensive research in the fields of cell and molecular biology, immunology, biotechnology and genetic engineering. Treatment to several diseases, even genetic disorders are available today only due to breakthrough discoveries in biology. Three such important discoveries are revelation of structure of ribosomes through X-ray crystallography, identification of tumor specific antigens (TSA) expressed on the surface of cancer ...

The Issue

The rates of hunger and poverty in America are alarming. Food and hunger programs have committed themselves to coming up with solutions to the food insecurity. According to 2015 annual hunger survey in New York State, almost half of working-group residents failed to afford enough food in a household that at least one individual was employed. In 2012-2014, more than 450,000 residents of New York City lived in households that were food insecure but with at least one person employed. A portion of 48% of adults aged between 15 and 65 in New York City lacked sufficient food ...

The recent developments in technological advancements and scientific breakthroughs have presented modern ways of creating new things and doing things. One such development relates to the introduction of technology-based medical procedures, which have made it possible to achieve feats that yesteryear medical scientists could only dream about. The field of medicine has shown tremendous improvement as a result of the incorporation of new technological meth-ods into the field of medicine. Genetic engineering procedures have become common not only in the creation of medicines and vaccines but also in disease management before and after birth. Scientists have come up with ...

We see these days restaurants like Chipotle and grocery stores claiming to serve non-genetically modified foods. Are we eating artificial food? Is that good for our bodies? Is that good for the food that is being modified? These questions raise awareness for people who are oblivious of what GMOs are and how they are affecting our daily lives. GMOs may be more common in our diets than we know. GMO stands for Genetically modified organism and is a term that stems from biotechnology. It is the alteration of the genetic code of an organism to either enhance its properties, ...

Agriculture is a major part of the United States economy. To increase food abundance, the United States has incorporated various biological and mechanical technologies and innovations. Some of this innovations include genetic engineering and green revolution. Genetic engineering popularly referred to just GE is the biological modification of an animal or plant genetic composition through artificial means. Genetic engineering mostly involves transfer of genes or specific characteristics from one plant or animal into another entirely different plant or animal. Green revolution on the other hand is the increase in capacity to produce food through use agricultural research, development and ...

Part one

Biodiversity is essential in the sustainability of the environment. In fact, lack thereof compromises the nature’s ability to adapt to environmental changes, therefore, enhancing its vulnerability. The development of science and technology paved the way for the incorporation of genetic engineering to living organisms. Precisely, since its introduction in 1996, many nations have embraced the conveniences offered by the genetic modification of crops to enhance their resistance and overall sustainability (Rifkin 15). This method is influential as it enables scientists to combat the development of a crop disease by altering the genetic composition of an organism. However, this ...

The issue

The rates of hunger and poverty in America are alarming. Food and hunger programs have committed themselves to coming up with solutions to the food insecurity. According to 2015 annual hunger survey in New York State, almost half of working-group residents failed to afford enough food in a household that at least one individual was employed. In 2012-2014, more than 450,000 residents of New York City lived in households that were food insecure but with at least one person employed. A portion of 48% of adults aged between 15 and 65 in New York City lacked sufficient food ...

Eugenics is usually a desire by the superior class of humans to create a society whose members are superior and have supernatural abilities. In the world of certain eugenics sections of the society who are considered defective and do not warrant to mix and interbreed. In an attempt to create a perfect society, the beliefs of the eugenicists took into consideration application of the theories of evolution in outrageous mannerism to thwart the influence of defective members of the society (Allen 314-25). In their quest, they supported the application of Darwin’s theories that projected survival only to the ...

The invention of biotechnology about genetic engineering is significant in feeding the ever-increasing world’s population. There are several methods used to ensure there is enough food globally, for instance, using of greenhouses in which every condition required by the plant to grow is provided as indicated by biotechnologist at Pioneer Hi-Bred’s research center. The challenge is that these plants grow so big and are accompanied by what have been referred to as “super-weeds”. Examples have been seen in the developed countries such as US, Germany, Australia, China and France, which uses advanced bio-engineering producing their crops. This ...

strains?” Researches on viruses have been carried out since time immemorial. Several vaccines, therapeutics, and targeted drug delivery systems have been developed only through extensive research on virulent strains. However, genetic engineering and molecular biology techniques have enabled scientists to manipulate, and develop new recombinant strains that may not occur in nature spontaneously. Proper containment of these engineered strains is essential as they might have properties that are entirely different from their parent strains. In September 2011 a researcher from Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam revealed how he had engineered avian influenza strain H5N1, and made it “more receptive to ...

Sociology

Book Review Critical thinking is crucial for navigating through the numerous arguments people come across in daily life- in the form of advertisements, political speeches and even college level debates. Capaldi and Smit provide an essential handbook for readers to identify arguments, analyze them, present cases, attack arguments, defend cases and undertake cause-and effect reasoning. The very foundation of modern discourse rests on identifying arguments. It is necessary that people identify the premises and conclusions of arguments through their context, instead of grammatical location in sentences. The authors highlight the concept of interlocking arguments, where a conclusion acts as ...

Developments in genetic engineering have led both to doubts and hopeful expectations. The first experiments with genes and their successful results were a kind of magic. They gave promises to enhance agricultural and food production industries, increase yields, eliminate hunger on the earth, and make the life of developing countries easier. However, along with showers of applause there were protests of those who saw in genetic engineering a threat to natural variability of products as well as to people’s health. Agricultural and food production industries emphasize various positive effects of genetic modification of products. Among these advantages there ...

The conception of clones is no longer a science fiction subject, as research advanced and cloned animals and more recently, even humans attempts were publicized, making our current society close of the “not-too-distant-future” presented in “Gattaca”. “Gattaca” presents Vincent’s drama, who, born from natural birth, aspires to become an astronaut at Gattaca Aerospace Corporation, an organization that only employs genetically engineered individuals. Vincent’s problem consists in the fact that throughout his life he was in the shadow of his younger brother, Anton, the product of a genetic engineering conception, who was stronger, faster and better than him ...

The appearance of modern technologies has greatly changed the world. Nowadays people cannot imagine their lives without the advances that were given by modern technologies. Television, computers, and the Internet have definitely made the people's lives much easier. Moreover, the development of technologies doesn't stop here and the new step is genetic engineering. At present time scientists are working on transforming human nature. They promise that in the near future designer children will be possible. There are various arguments regarding this topic. Some people claim that designer children is not right from the standpoint of moral as parents should ...

Technology has grown enough to support human living through agricultural innovations. Application of genetic engineering has developed considerably since the 20th century. In particular, modified crops have created mixed views on their effects to environmental, health and climate. This paper through, the speaker (Michael Pollan) in the video, “Open Source Food and Genetic Engineering” has his views reviewed and evaluated for a critique. The speaker faults genetically modified food for failing to increase crop yields. Pollan further explains how engineering has allowed farmers to handle more land due to the resilience and resistance exhibited by these plants as the ...

Discovery of DNA Structure

Introduction Discovery of DNA was a landmark period in science history that generated further tremendous discoveries. Thanking to this groundbreaking discovery, it was possible to explore the impact of genetic information on the diseases, behavior, and personality. While there are a lot of disputes around the link between DNA and personality features or the ability to create lively beings with the help of DNA mapping, the discovery of the double helix structure opened the doors to the unimaginable dimensions of scientific abilities. It is believed that DNA has been discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in the 1953, ...

Antepartum testing seeks to prevent fetal death, especially in high-risk mothers. Thorp and O’Neill (2013) stated that the evaluation identifies risks for an intrauterine injury that may lead to death with the aim of offering timely interventions. Apart from this primary role, could the assessment be of benefit in human genetic engineering? Although some scientist opines that genetic engineering in humans has positive effects on humanity, there are many adverse effects. For instance, human genetics tend to mutate over time. As a result, the choice of the “perfect baby” may not be a viable idea on the long-term ...

The safety of genetically modified foods has been a significant matter of dispute in the last years. Many people are suspicious of GMOs claiming that they have been introduced not so long ago and may bear considerable risks. However, during nearly twenty years that “bioengineered foods” have been on the market, there haven’t been documented any serious cases of health hazard due to their consumption (AMA CSAPH). Thereby, it can be stated with a high level of certainty that it is secure to eat genetically modified products. A wide range of respectable institutions supports the idea that all ...

With advent of climate change, the global temperatures are soaring at an astounding rate. Not only are people affected by this increasing temperature, but also crops, the main source of our food, have been on the receiving end. Most crops do not have the capabilities to adjust accordingly to the increasing and many of them wither and die. However, the field of genetic engineering is about to change this. Scholars and scientists in the field have been carrying out extensive research and are on the verge of making new discoveries that will aid plants to adapt to tomorrow’s ...

Microbial Genetics

This is an area of study within microbiology and genetic engineering that studies the inheritable characteristics of microorganisms. It is an area of study of great significance in the field of health and medicine. In this essay I will be focusing on this significance both positive and negative as it relates to the field of health and medicine and the new ways in which genetic engineering is finding its application. HIV infection usually infects cells with CD4+ markers. The other markers that are essential in making infection of these cells possible are CCR5 and CXCR4 without which cell entry ...

Genetic engineering has made significant strides in the treatment of different diseases. Technologies that are employed in genetics have been growing in efficacy in the recent years, and they hold promise in the treatment of diseases proved difficult to treat in the past few decades (Bess 56). In addition, these technologies have opened new avenues in which people can make advancements to their bodies and minds. However, in the wake of genetic engineering, there are a number of problems that are cropping up. One of the most significant challenges is perfection. Because of the great promise that genetic engineering ...

The Pros and Cons to a Pharmaceutical Company to Investing in Vaccines, Devices, and Biologics

A weak initial public offering market, uncertain credit situation, and multiple groups of investors took their toll on the biotechnology sector. Forty-five percent of every civic listed biotechnology organization is engaged in their operations with not more than one year of monetary reserves. Forecasts for biotechnology initial public offerings showed the decreasing trend in 2009 through taking into notice the scenario of vulnerable 2008, which developed only a single initial public offering that improved $ 5.8 million according to a report of Bio world . This is in relativeness to forty one initial public offerings that enhanced 1.899 billion dollars in ...

The term genetic enhancement, when used in scientific circles, means the use of genetic engineering skills to modify the characteristics of an individual that are non-pathological in nature. It has come to the fore in the last few decades, thanks to tremendous technological advancements that have been made as far as the human genome is concerned. Of particular importance is the completion of the human genome project which has, now than ever, made it very easy for the scientists to accurately describe the specific gene responsible for certain characteristics in an individual, be it ...

Monsanto Corporation has established itself as a biotechnology, agricultural and Chemical Corporation. It was a pioneer in the biological genetic modification of plant cells and has over the years consistently led in production of genetically engineered seeds (Harrison 29). Monsanto has been instrumental in creating public awareness on the delicate subject of genetically engineered foods. Considering that a few years ago many people around the world were skeptical about this innovation, it is beyond doubt that the Monsanto Corporation has had its fair share of success. Although Monsanto has the most widespread market share of genetically engineered crops in the world, ...

Agricultural Biotechnology

The field of agricultural biotechnology is mainly a collection of scientific techniques that are used to improve plants, animals and microorganisms. Agricultural biotechnology has many environmental and social impacts. Scientists constantly work on developing solutions to increase agricultural productivity based on the understanding of DNA. As expected, the issues associated with agricultural biotechnology are complex and varied. The complexities of this field arise from the creation and management of science, the intellectual property rights, public and private research interactions, safety concerns, marketing of products and the economic factors influencing industries participating in agricultural biotechnology (Carpenter J, 2001). Different countries ...

I have been amazed at how many area of public life a public health nursing practice may include. With regard to public health I had always thought it had more to do with large scale epidemiology and massive world-wide epidemics but since it was a public discipline had nothing to do with individuals. I was surprised to find that there are nurses involved in all aspects of public health including teaching, research and practice in the areas of biostatistics, Environmental Health, Health & Social Behavior, Health Policy & Management, Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, Interdisciplinary Approaches, Maternal & Child Health, Public Health ...

Not everyone agrees with genetic engineering, nonetheless it has made great stride and these are its benefits according to Ana Adams:

- Human insulin was developed from human instead of cows and sheep also the human growth hormone that was earlier obtained from cadavers. Read more at Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/benefits-of-genetic-engineering.html - Some heart diseases and some autoimmune diseases benefit from gene therapy as the defective genes are replaced by healthy genes. - Women who are pregnant can have their fetuses screened for genetic defects. - It helps pharmaceuticals companies to find the right growth medicine for human ...

Science has permeated several aspects of people’s lives. Every little thing uses one scientific principle or the other. Therefore, science does not exist in a vacuum. This paper focuses on Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology as one area of science. Apart from exploring how DNA got discovered and how this technology can be applied in the real world, the paper also focuses on the influence philosophy has had on the contextual development of DNA technology. It will be worth noting that DNA technology is quickly taking center stage in various aspects of our lives. As with other modern advances, DNA ...

Introduction

Genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are plants and animals in which the genetic material has been artificially altered through technological means. Genetic modification is now so widespread in agriculture that most Americans consume GMO-derived food every day without even realizing it (Chrispeels, 2014). Genetically modified meats, fruits, and vegetables are made by extracting and splicing segments of DNA from different organisms together.

How GMOS are Created

The creation of GMOs requires three main components: the gene to be transferred, the organism that the gene will be transferred into, and the vector of transmission that will deliver the new gene to the host, or ...

Introduction

Animal cloning has been one of the most controversial, yet promising technology in the modern times. It became one of the aspects of the development of technology, industry and economics among many developed countries. Animal cloning is a process of reproducing DNA fragments or organisms itself from the copies of DNA of the cloned animal (Surhan 24). Animal cloning technology started from reproducing bacterial, plants and insect cells. It became very controversial when they started cloning large animals such as goat, dog and cows. In the modern times, animal cloning has been useful in producing farm animals as livestock (Smith ...

Discussion

It is true, that the invention of nanotechnology, genetic engineering, robotics, artificial intelligence has dramatically changed our life. But alongside with the revolution of the technology, arises the question about the impact of these inventions into human life. As it was stated by Bill Joy computer inventions, developing intelligent machines do all things better than human beings can do them. Thus, I do agree with his point that at some certain point people will not be able to control over the machines, since the average man may have control over certain private machines of his own, such as personal ...

‘Name’

‘Instructor’s Name’ ‘Subject’ During the later part of the twentieth century, scientists realized the power of genes and found at that by altering the genes of an organism, its biological capabilities can be enhanced. This technology, commonly known as genetic engineering, has since then been hailed as one of the greatest breakthroughs in medical history. Like any new technology, genetic engineering comes with its own sets of pros and cons. However, this technology holds the power to shape human destiny and eradicate many genetic based diseases, and can profit mankind immensely, provided the medical community and ...

Introduction

The past century has been marked by tons of discoveries made in numerous fields such as technology, science, and engineering. One of the fields where the biggest leaps and breakthroughs have been made within that long period of time was in the field of genetic engineering. Ever since the human genome project was first conceptualized, genetic engineers and scientists knew that they are about to discover a lot of things just by simply sticking to what they are going to learn from the human genome project and in studying more modern genetic engineering concepts such as cloning and even stem ...

IntroductionFood consumption is one of the major requirements for humans; people eat to live with at least majority of people been blessed with a meal each day, whereas others may afford three or more. People are independent of culture and customs, eating remains a key facet in different celebrations all over the world among and within friends and families. Moreover, people wish to have a nutritious and healthy meal but the problem is “The safety of the food people consume.”The improvement of livestock and plants for the production of food and the use of diverse conservation skills have been in application ...

[Subject/Course] [Submission Date]

The term genetically-modified food is used for all the products that are “produced from organisms where their genetic structure has been adjusted or altered from that which would occur naturally” (“Genetically Modified Food”). In other words, genetically-modified food refers to the crop plants that are manufactured (to be consumed by animals or human beings) by employing the most up-to-date techniques of molecular biology. In the contemporary society, the introduction of the GMOs' cultivation and their circulation all over the world has turned out as a debatable topic in many countries. This controversy regarding the farming and ...

Introduction

Genetics is an evolving field in modern day science that has been drawing attention and funding in abundance. Various healthcare professionals have varying degrees of knowledge on modern day genetics and its applications. Nurses are also required to possess knowledge on genetics, as well as a good practice on ethics pertaining to genetics. However it is still not an area where everybody is comfortable to handle (American Nurses Association, 2001). Since the completion of genome project in 2003, there is a great interest towards the applications of genetic engineering technology in healthcare. Genetic screening for diseases such as diabetes mellitus, various ...

Introduction

The topic on genetically modified foods has evolved into one of the most equivocal topics that have generated a contentious debate across various settings all over the globe. This can be accredited to the much hypothesized repercussions of genetically modified foods. Worth noting is the fact that researches carried out in the recent past such as the much hypothesized studies on the effects of genetically modified corn pollen on butterflies have radicalized the public to respond differently regarding the issues on global warming. In fact, it is as a result of such researches that the federal government has established regulatory procedures ...

There exists a debate over whether genetically modified food should be labeled or not. Some people consider it the right of the people to know what they are consuming; whereas, others suggest that as long as people are getting what they want at affordable rates they should not be concerned about what it contains. People in favor of the argument that food products should be labeled and accurately indicative of the ingredients it contains. If it contains products that are genetically produced or are artificial in their nature, then it should be the individual’s decision whether to consume this ...

TA ABSTRACT – Genetic engineering now has straight forward ecofriendly strategies to produce transformation in plasmids. The transformation process allows engineers to introduce DNa with specific desired capabilities into a host plasmid. In this way plants can be created that are able to resist a particular enemy or stressor without having to use toxics like herbicides and insecticides. The bacteria E. Coli was used to determine whether it can be made resistant to ampicillin or not. AmpR was integrated into the host cells and the tracer, GFP was used to identify expressed cells. The laboratory demonstrated that transformation by plasmids so ...

Coevolution refers to the process through which two or more diverse species jointly or reciprocally affects each other’s evolution as well as development. It can also be defined as the change in the genetic composition of species in a reaction to the genetic modification in another species. The idea of coevolution is mainly considered as the reciprocal evolutionary change or modification of the interacting species. For instance, species C evolves, which results species D to evolve, which effects species C to evolve, then causes species D to evolve and the process repeats itself in that sequence. Many commentators usually ...

Genetic modification, as the name suggests, is a biotechnological process by which the genetic material in an organism such as plants is altered in a manner that does not take place in the nature or via nature-influenced recombination. Such organisms which are called as the Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs find immense practical applications in the modern times. They are used extensively for carrying out medical and biological scientific work, are used to manufacture new pharmaceutical medications and importantly, are used in agriculture to produce good quality crops. The reason why genetic modification has gained prominence in agriculture is because it ...

Genetic engineering and sustainable production of ornamentals: current status and future directions

It is evident that in the recent times technological advancement has led to the growth of various sectors of the economy including the area of scientific research and development. Owing to the rapidly growing population, researchers and scholars have sat down to come up with remedies so as to curb the looming problem food insecurity across the globe and through the last decades, health-friendly farm produces have been engineered after a series of laboratory experiments and this effort has yielded fruits through the production of certified, food production (Lütken, et al. 1141). This has been set forth to meet ...

In 1997, the public have been shocked about the announcement of the successful mammal cloning. Dolly, the sheep, is the first to be cloned by Ian Wilmut and his co-workers by the process of transferring nuclear genome (Brock 1). There are issues that arise from the public about the morality and ethics of the research method and objective. They are afraid of what should the next thing that could happen after this technological advancement. On the other side, the scientific world have been fascinated and rejoiced about the announcement of Wilmut. There are many scientists that are excited of ...

The full elimination of animal use in medical research may seem as unachievable to some individuals. However, while working with practical goals, the task is quite achievable. The aim of the practical goals lies within reducing the animal use in science laboratories by ensuring the improvement of the conditions within the laboratories where these animals are evaluated and tested. The solution for the animal use problem in medical research was established along a study in 1959 that presented three R`s. The R`s stand for replacing, reducing and redesigning. For replacing, it means that individuals in the practice of ...

Genetically modified foods refer to crop plant-produced human and animal use using the new molecular biology methods. The plants are adapted in the laboratory to enhance them with desired traits such as improved nutrition content and increased resistance to herbicides. The enhancement of the desired traits was traditionally got through breeding. Conventional plant breeding techniques are time consuming and at times may lack accuracy. Genetic engineering produces plants that have the desired traits and are fast and very accurate. For instance, plant geneticists can separate a gene responsible for drought tolerance and insert it in a different plant. The new plant ...

Introduction

This paper aims to propose a discussion on science fiction movies and presents comparative analysis on two science fiction movies ‘Blade Runner’ and ‘Wall-E’. Both these movies have entertained audiences and made them acquainted with various innovative ideas of future world. There are various differences, as well as similarities in both these movies and both of them depict a glimpse of the world that is influenced heavily by the science. ‘Blade Runner’ is a granular science fiction that may have various differences with the movie Wall-E but on the basis of genre of both these movies, this paper proposes to analyze how ...

Chapter 1: Mendel’s little secret.

Gregor Mendel, a Moravian monk, carefully bred peas in separate breeding lines, crossing and backcrossing to watch how traits appeared in future generations. He found out that traits were transmitted to future generations from parent plants. Mendel also found out that there were certain plants such as the hawkweed that did not need any kind of sex to reproduce. Simply put, the plant was asexual hence self-reproducing. Mendel is considered as the founding father of genetics and despite his death, more than one century later, scientists are still struggling to investigate this botanical mystery that is Apoximis. All this ...