Essays on Authoritarian

Reflection

As you reflect on the assumption of Theory X and Theory Y, how would you describe your own philosophy of leadership? With consideration of the both theories, I would claim that my philosophy of leadership do not come to such extremes as revealed in the assumptions, but rather lies in the balance and comparatively equal distribution of those who would fall under the category of theory X, and those who would belong to the ones as outlined by theory Y. My positive attitude in life and towards leadership leads me closer to the Theory-Y, which assumes that most people ...

Part 1

When we talk about effective communication, what exactly do we refer to? Communication can be described as more than just an exchange of information. It involves understanding the intentions as well as the emotions that are involved in the information passed. Effective communication is a two way exercise. It is not just how information is conveyed but also how it is received and understood by the other party in the intended manner. It also involves how well the individual listens to the information and comprehends the full meaning of what is being passed across. In so doing, the other ...

Introduction

Human character is regarded as a set of stable personality traits that determine the relations of man to people. The character is manifested in the activities and temperament, and includes the factors that make human behavior of a specific characteristic nature. The character can be found in the peculiarities of the activities that people prefer to do. Some people prefer the most complex and difficult activities, they seek pleasure in overcoming obstacles; others choose the most simple and easy way. In dealing with people human character manifests itself in the manner of behavior, ways of responding to people's actions ...

Yes, in the Chinese current political and democratic context, I agree with Daniel Bell’s statement that it is the low levels of government, optimal space for experimentation and meritocracy that have shaped political reform in the last three decades. Firstly, on the claim or principle that “the lower the level of government, the more democratic the political system”, Bell supports his claim by arguing that there are very good reasons why the Chinese government should promote local democratic elections. According to him, at the local community level, the level of public knowledge concerning leaders’ virtues and abilities is ...

Introduction

Mary’s case reflects a serious case of criminal behavior, not counting the numerous crimes committed against her by her family members. Mary is a serious psychological case, as she has faced numerous negative influences in her life and suffered serious emotional trauma. Raised by a father who was abusive against the family and a mother who was emotionally distant, Mary’s childhood and most formative years were spent facing damaging abuse that would affect her for the rest of her life. Her step-father, who arrived on the scene when Mary was nearly ten, sexually abused her and her ...

The Greco-Roman myth is characterized by familial power struggles which mean that power structure was primarily hereditary as power revolved around one family. Familial power structures are reflected by the way Zeus allocated responsibilities to his sons and daughters. The gods, such as Zeus father, killed their sons for fear that they would usurp them while there were also incidences where gods would be dethroned from power. The Greco-Roman myth reflects the way power struggles interfere with the functioning of the society and the extent to which those in authority are willing to go in sustaining their authority and ...

Iraq

Introduction The period between 2003 and 2011 is a duration that will remain in the history of Iraq for decades to come. It was a period characterized by unprecedented levels of violence and political disorder whereby there was a strong influence exerted on Iraqi politics by foreign powers. The same period witnessed the American-led military troop invasion of Iraq, in an exercise that overthrew Saddam Hussein’s Ba’ath Party governance. The year 2011 marked the end of nearly decade-long fight when the US troops left the country. After the invasion, there were efforts to reconstruct Iraq. However, the ...

There is a keen interest in the influence of the Internet in the recent years in the Arab World. A particular interest is the impact of Social Media and communication technologies in the Arab World leading to the conflict that began in 2011. However, this paper will focus not on political uses of the Internet, but on the potential economic growth, and how the Internet affects the culture and changes habits of communication, shopping and ways of doing businesses.

The Internet in the Arab World

The whole world has been transformed over the past 15 years by the technology-led transformation. The Internet affected communication and ...

Over the centuries, kings, priests, feudal lords, industrialists, and the parents, everyone who was older or on the higher position, insisted that obedience is a virtue and disobedience is a sin. Messianic prophets’ concepts confirmed the idea that the man was right to be disobedient, that he was not corrupted by his “sin,” the man was released from the shackles of pre-human harmony (Fromm 683). The man continued to develop through the acts of disobedience. Possible for him has become not only his spiritual development, because there were people who dared to say “no” to the powers that was ...

In the system of practical philosophy, ethics occupies a special place. It specifies the ethics and inspires a well-known formula of the ancient philosopher Protagoras that man is the measure of all things, justifying the idea of man as the highest value and self-worth, the sense of life and how to achieve happiness. Ethics calls to treat a man as the aim and never treat man merely as a means. Ethics is a philosophy of morals, values, and ethos. The concept of morality is often limited to the level of elementary culture of communication, so the meaning and the ...

The effective delivery of the healthcare services requires the effective nursing leadership in order to ensure that the nursing staff is highly motivated to incorporate the healthcare services. The current paper enlightens the prevalence of low morale among the nursing staff and recommends the intervention of the effective leadership style to enhance the staff morale.

PICOT Statement

The current paper incorporates the following PICOT statement: Among the nursing staff with low morale, can transformational leadership, compared to authoritarian leadership, increase the morale of the nursing staff in two months?

Problem: Low Morale among Nursing Staff

Intervention: Transformational Leadership Comparison: Authoritarian Leadership Outcome: Increased Morale among Nursing Staff ...

Chang, N.-Y., & Liou, T.-Y. (2009). A study of Latino parenting culture and practices: listening to the voices of Latino parents. Hsiuping Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 12, 1-36. Retrieved from http://ir.hust.edu.tw/bitstream/310993100/1599/1/12-01.pdf The article studies culture and practices of childrearing in Latino families. As the authors write, “Traditional Latino parents, in general, may have more rigid parenting values compared to their Caucasian counterparts” (Chang & Liou, 2009, p. 1). The conducted study is based on the qualitative research. First, the authors provide a complete literature review regarding the main values of Latin culture and historical background of their living in ...

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Evaluation of School’s Vision and Learning The educational establishment has a traditional vision of learning, believing that the school has to comply with the requirements of the national program. Specifically, the school concentrates primary attention on the process of learning, the academic productivity of students, and their behavioral patterns inside the school. Also, it is considered that children’s performance has to match the nationally established requirements for certain subjects and the teachers as well as management do not go beyond these frames. The development of school’s vision is conducted through the provision of the course material, ...

Introduction

The paper is intended to develop a report about different management styles in the context of industrial or employment relations to compare it with the sophisticated paternalist/ HRM (Human Resource Management) approach. The management styles in employment relations may be different from how it is taken or considered. The preferences and choices of the organization directly impact on its strategies to develop a relationship with its employees (Miller, 1987). The preferences are usually aligned with the dominants of the organization that is directly involved in decision making process of the organization. These preferences of the dominants directly result in ...

ANSWER TO QUESTION 1

Introduction Biotechnology is an innovative field where biological processes are applied for the provision of genetic manipulation for microorganisms for the production and commercialisation of antibiotics and hormones amongst others. Biotechnology is a process whereby scientists use various aspects of technology to modify genes and microorganisms of living things in order to attain specific goals in the organism in which it is done. The preliminary elements of this course has shown that biotechnology is carried out in both applied and pure research. In applied research, biotechnology is used for the provision of various solutions like medicines, treatment for incurable ...

Leadership 2

1. The communication is the necessary tool in the organization to transmit the most important resource in the operation process, the information. The information, in the form of mission, vision, objectives, orders and production data must be communicated in a clear and effective way in a bidirectional way from the management of the organization to the operative level of the company and backward. The used strategy for the leadership of an organization, enterprise or a family determines the success to achieve the planned objectives. There are three leadership communication styles: democratic, authoritarian and "laissez-faire". The authoritarian communication style is ...

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The Rights of an Accused in Canonical Penal Procedures

INTRODUCTION: SUU KYI’S LIFE Born in 1945 in Rangoon (now Yangon), Aung San Suu Kyi rose to political power in 2016 as the first state chancellor of Myanmar (formerly Burma) (Baker and Sheridan 1). She grew in a family with parents deeply involved in the politics of mid-twentieth century Burma. Her father, Bogyoke, founded the modern Burmese army in 1947 and negotiated Burmese independence. Her mother, Khin Kyi, was ambassador to India and Nepal in 1960. Kyi graduated in Masters in Politics from the University of Oxford in 1968, after which she ...

Philosophy

Introduction One of the most important reasons behind study of literature or the literary works of authors is that they contain a philosophical or hypothetical perspective on different matters, which are yet again brought to the forefront of analysis through comparison with those of other authors. What makes study of these perspectives all the more interesting is that one cannot simply declare one to be the most acceptable and the other invalid. It is because that in literature, there is no right or wrong – instead, there is only greater agreement to the perspectives of one that the other .One ...

Introduction

It seems difficult to analyze democratic transition from the standpoint of international dimension both theoretically and practically because not so much literatures that discuss about what the external environment actually is and how it might contribute to domestic change (Cavatorta 2005). However, it does not mean that international context will be ignored in the analysis process because international factors might have impacts on the transition process through their connections with domestic actors particularly in terms of distribution of power and resources, which in turn have effect on how they will act (Cavatorta 2005). One thing to remember is a ...

Hypothesis and Methodology

The proposed research paper will focus on the social psychology, specifically on the topic of how deep voices can influence an individual’s perception of another person (i.e. the speaker). This can be assessed in both public and private and formal and informal settings. The rationale behind the decision of choosing this topic is the fact that society puts a lot of weight into figures of authority. It is commonly perceived that the deeper a person’s voice is, the more authoritarian that person is. In some cases, the depth of voice is associated with personality types (i.e. how ...

Modernity refers to the approaches, behavior, and ideas of the post-traditional period. Originally, modernity can be defined as a critique of tradition, and a movement toward a new point of view rooted in new paradigms and insights. Recently, modernity has embodied present-day thoughts and present-day lifestyle. One important aspect that arises from this definition of social change and its impact on human experience is the formation of a newly constructed self-image and identity. In essence, the concept of modernity differentiates the modern person from the traditional individual. Such newly founded freedom in connection to modernity involved an experience and ...

Stanford Prison experiment took place at Stanford University in the year 1971 and it was conducted by Philip Zimbardo to find out the influence of social roles on our behavior. It was one of the landmarks of the human psychological study in response to subjected to captivity and to reveal to the world on the real circumstances of the prison life (Konnikovaet al., 2015). The intention of the experiment was to examine captivity, but the results it generated have proven useful in demonstrating the impression people’s obedience especially if provided with an idea that is legitimized and support ...

Situational leadership is a management style where a manager of a firm is compelled to alter his or her management techniques to suit the improvement level of the employees and other subjects under his or her authority. In this leadership approach, it the responsibility of the leader to adjust his or her usual techniques and not the subjects to adhere to his or her most likely usual and unsuitable tactics (Cassidy, Carlene, & Robert Kreitner 33). It is situational in the sense that the leader is forced to adjust the regular management styles he uses to meet unanticipated requirements of ...

Laissez-faire is a style of leadership in which the leaders leave the workers or their subordinates to engage in their work using their own developed rules and policies. In Laissez-faire style of leadership, the leaders leave the responsibilities for their subordinates to execute them without the involvement of their seniors. Furthermore, the subordinates are left to choose the means in which to accomplish the tasks as there are strict rules, policies and regulations germinating from their superiors. The laissez-faire leadership is characterized by a deliberate abstention from interference or direction, and there is individual freedom of choice and action. ...

During the late 1940s, America was made up of small rural villages, in which it was customary for the community leaders to construct civic gatherings, to draw the citizens together at a time when the world was at war with one another. People were encouraged to socialize through town activities that drew them together and create a stronger, more cooperative community. This was the main theme of Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery”—a story centering on one of the rural communities in America during the 1940s. The story features a lottery being taken place in a community composed of ...

The emergence of social media has been critical to the political world through aiding of participation. It is important that every party and stakeholder is involved in the political process. The essential nature of politics makes it necessary for certain groups of people to participate. The value of asserting political influence surpasses the imaginary benefits that people often lay against it. In the contemporary world, the use of social media as a tool for engaging on political matters has increased tremendously. Over the recent years, many groups have continued to assert their influence in politics by engaging the political ...

The process of socialization is essentially institutionalized phenomenon that realized through a system of specific social institutions. They designed to shape and adjust the social qualities of the person in accordance with socially significant values ​​and norms of society, as well as to limit or strengthen the impact of various factors or to neutralize them. Gender relations is the backbone for the reproduction of a particular type of family, self-determination of the men and women in society, the choice of strategies for decision-making. Socialized identity of any type of society is extremely important to undergo gender-role socialization. Basic school ...

Factors Promoting Middle East Conflict

The countries in the Middle East have never had peaceful coexistence for more than a century. There has been series of complicated blood-letting confrontations orchestrated by different factors among them the totalitarian nature of political leaderships, religious diversity and scramble for oil resources. Specific conflicts in the region might have been occasioned by one of these factors or a combination of all of them. This article explores how religious diversity, management of oil resources and totalitarian leadership have contributed to conflicts in the Middle East region. The Middle East is the territory that has the abundance of totalitarian countries, ...

Introduction

It is a cliché to say that the relationship between China and the world has become complex, multidimensional and interdependent. But that does not mean that we fully understand the complexity of the Chinese attitude towards globalization nor its interdependence with the world in general and the Western industrial democracies in particular, with the implications thereof. The thesis that we develop in this article argues that economic interdependence greatly strengthens Chinese authoritarianism in its ability to politically influence the attitude of States and civil liberties in Western democracies, rather than the reverse. It contradicts the usual thesis that Western ...

Final Project – The Removalists

David Williamson’s 1971 Australian play The Removalists revolves around the story of a pair of police officers, Constable Neville Ross and Sergeant Dan Simmonds, and their investigation of a domestic assault charge placed by Fiona and Kate against Fiona’s husband Kenny in a Melbourne suburb in the 1970s. Through a tremendously realistic style and deeply complex exploration of the themes of violence, treatment of women and police brutality, The Removalists manages to create a uniquely compelling portrait of 1970s Australian life and its changing social norms, as well as the universal capacity for human beings to inflict ...

Literature Review

The influence of the family on children's behavior is widely documented in the literature, and numerous studies support the idea that involved parental style and authoritative parental approach significantly affect children's academic achievement, regardless of ethnic/racial background, gender, and age. Baumrind, in her study entitled Effects of Authoritative Parental Control on Child Behavior (1966), argued that theory-based categorization of parental style that led to specific parental control would bring forth diverse behaviors and attitudes in children. Baumrind's theory-based categorization of parental style led to the earliest parental style paradigm, namely, permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative, all of which having emotional ...

Answers to Questions One: Gang Intervention/ Prevention Program

An example of a gang intervention/prevention program: Mass Campaign against Gang Membership and Activities Gangs in the United States have become a big problem in society. They engage in criminal activities and disturb the peace with every opportunity that they get. It is, therefore, important that these gangs be prevented from recruiting members and committing a crime. It is the duty of both the government and every citizen of the United States to participate in gang prevention and intervention activities. Christian Outreach Planning Associates Incorporated or simply COPA is an organization that conducts sensitization campaigns against gang activity. There ...

Conflicts in the African continent are notorious with their complexity. There are host of reasons for that. These include the complicated history of Africa, especially of the last several centuries when existing divergences were accentuated by the presence of colonists who imposed new circumstances and conditions. These also include many natural reasons stemming from climate conditions and geopolitical situation of Africa. These include as well the ethnical and tribal divergences that turned out to be the major fueling factor in the conflict that set it ablaze for almost fifteen years. There is one thing I am going to make ...

(Author Name) (Course Name/Number) Of all of the things that are important for the development of young children, there is one that goes without question. Play has dominated the social sciences are a true cornerstone in the healthy development of children, from infants through the adolescent years. Multiple types of play have been recognized in the years leading up to what many consider to be the height of psychological science, research, and implementation. It is through Symbolic play and Creative play that children are able to explore their limits, test possible solutions to problems, and learn how to navigate ...

Question two

Totalitarianism Totalitarianism is a political structure whereby the state does not recognize the limitation of its authority from any sector and it monopolizes power hence regulating all aspects in its jurisdiction such as the public and the private perspectives. This kind of political system is characterized by some elements which are opposed to a democratic environment. Totalitarianism is associated with autocratic were nobody can resist the power and authority of the president since that is a criminal issue highly punishable by law (ppt.2).

Features of totalitarianism

Absolute military control is an aspect which is experienced in Totalitarian State whereby citizens are not ...

A fundamental problem facing new democracies is the hijacking of the political process by elites. Economic performance is affected by elite politics leading to underdevelopment and sometimes morphing into political violence. The transition from colonial regimes to democracy has been subverted by the harm that was done by the colonial subversion of traditional institutions in favor of artificial Western ones. This provided an opening for the rise of elites and the rule of ‘the big men’ (Owusu, 1992). What role do elites play in transition to democracy or its opposite? This paper seeks to provide an analysis on how ...

Political culture is a component of the general culture, a cumulative indicator of political experience, a level of political knowledge and feelings, examples of behavior and functioning of political subjects, the integrated characteristic of a political way of life of the country, a class, the nation, social group of individuals. A feature of political culture is that it makes not policy or political process, but their understanding, an explanation. In the political sphere often the importance is gained not only by real actions and measures of the state but also, by the way they are estimated and perceived in ...

Family environment is the foundation of child’s healthy development. The role of the parents in the family is very important; rather family is formed with parents only. The major role of parents in the family is to raise the child with responsibility. When the person is small, family is his/her only world. But the situation does not remain the same in his/her adolescent phase. This phase is very different and the scope of the person’s life starts expanding gradually. The friends, peers are equally important in this age. Still the teenagers cannot completely be separated from his/her ...

Introduction

Child rearing encompasses the diverse practices of parenting meant to instill different attitudes and behavior in children. John Locke proposed the idea that children are born devoid of any values and beliefs and that these are conveyed to them by the society which they are born into (Spera 125). Child rearing entails a process of transmitting skills, attitudes, and behaviors to the young to assist their integration into a cultural community (Spera 126). Parents are amongst the most influential agents of socialization that interact with children through the child rearing process. Child rearing practices include parental involvement in the ...

Abstract

In the first half of the XX century many countries were led by the authoritarian leaders with the extreme ideologies. The ideologies such as Nazism, fascism and communism contributed to the creation of the very powerful states with strong economies, but no respect of the minorities, some classes of people or countries. As the result, all of the countries with the extreme ideologies participated in the World War II and only the USSR was able to become a victor. The main purpose of this paper is to show why extreme ideologies became popular in some countries. By means of ...

The research problem will be to investigate whether the patrimonial political systems of Singapore and South Korea are democracies that surpass their liberal Western analogues in terms of national growth and even democratization in some ways. It appears that, contrary to the popular misperception, democracy is not necessarily a lack of restraint and complete discretion or at least a range of freedom like the right to media. Sometimes, states like Singapore being low on resources and facing external threats decide on less liberal norms and behaviors bordering on authoritarianism in specific aspects. Regulated merit-based selection practices and disciplining norms ...

The 16th century exploits of Christopher Columbus and his men did not only bring about social, cultural and political clashes that created the United States, it also led to the process that resulted in the emergence of the state of Mexico. Mexico is an enigma of a country to the south of the United States border whose recent political, economic and social transformations have been overshadowed by its complex relations with the more prosperous United States. This country profile seeks to examine the history and current state of Mexico. It also explores and analyzes political culture, geography, demography, political ...

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Reflection to Questionnaires The results obtained with the help of questionnaires revealed a lot of new issues about myself, which both surprised me and made me think about the issues I have to improve. Leadership is a complex task that requires full attention and a certain skill set as well as knowledge in psychology, communication, and management. I have realized that despite my preference of the democratic style, in practice I tend to rely on certain authoritarian tools. One of the questionnaires determined that I try to prove my point and impose personal agenda rather than looking for the ...

Thatcherism is typically described by analysts and political experts to be an ideology which espoused achieving a supported governing competency with the reconstruction of traditional conservative tenets with a focus on autonomy over a series of issues, they deemed as issues of “high-politics” Moravcsik, 1991). Specifically Margaret Thatcher’s rise to power in came on the heels of post War World II, a deteriorating industrial based economy and the provision of abysmal governmental services and a deep seated crisis of the state during the mid-1970s (Gamble, 1988). These “new politics’ within the Conservative traditions emerged during a recession and ...

Undoubtedly, managers need to have a specific set of abilities and skills to effectively perform their jobs. But what qualities set successful managers apart from mediocre ones? A manager might be an expert in his field or the smartest person in the company, but this is no guarantee of success. Specifically, to increase the productivity of employees, managers make use of their experiences, knowledge base, and perspectives; however, they also should be effective leaders to inspire others to share common goals. As a matter of fact, leadership is one of the four basic functions that constitute the management process. ...

The Resource Curse, which is also called the paradox of plenty, refers to the observation that countries that are rich in natural resources, usually non-renewable natural resources like metals, minerals, oil etc. tend to see lower rates of economic growth, problematic experience with authoritarian governments, and generally poor development indicators when compared with countries that have lesser or none of the natural resource (Venables, 2016). This resource curse is not a rule or law, but rather a struggle to explain why resource rich countries (the most common under analysis being oil-rich ones) that possess all the financial and economic ...

Introduction

Leadership is an important factor in the development of a business enterprise. Leadership becomes even more important when the business experiences growth. The growth of a business enterprise results in new and different dynamics. It is imperative that the business leader also grows in terms of philosophy and skills in order to lead the business under the new dynamics. Burke, Clarke, Barrow and Molian (2008) argue from a different perspective. They hold that during the growth of a business entity, a leader has two roles to play. Firstly, the leader needs to articulate the vision and direction of the ...

Abstract

Use of photography as a medium of propaganda has been a much-debated subject. After all, the term propaganda holds a negative implication to it. A photographic image cannot literally say anything and are expected to communicate authentic information. Still, under the influence of the intention and propaganda, many argue that photographs often give inaccurate representations. The essay discusses the subject of the use of photography for propaganda and their ability to be manipulated. Democratic and authoritarian governments alike have exploited the potential of photography and used the camera as a tool to portray situation the way they want to ...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is recognized as a common neurodevelopmental disorder among children; in the United States, the prevalence is thought to be between 5 percent and 11 percent of children ages 4 through 17 in 2011 or approximately 6.4 million children (American Psychiatric Association, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ; CDC.gov, Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder). Kessler places the adults with ADHD at 1 percent to 6 percent of the population (Kessler 717). A meta-analysis of 32 published research articles concluded that when children met the full diagnostic criteria for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 15 percent continued to show symptoms at ...

The land of Oz has recently become democratized due to the disappearance of the authoritarian Wizard, and now the Lady Glinda is heading a transitional government that would move towards a new system of government. Our job is to provide recommendations toward what that government should consist of. In this report, we will support our recommendation that the land of Oz move toward a presidential system of government, with a proportional representation electoral system for the president and legislature, and a federal system of government.

Presidential system

Given the segregated and divisive nature of the land of Oz, it is recommended that a democratically appointed president be ...

Introduction

Parents play a very critical role when it comes to socializing the children to what they become in future. The earliest form agent of socialization is the family and this is also the most influential. The family starts socializing the child from birth, when the child has not developed any form of socialization. The child internalizes the information they come across within the family environment through interactions with parents, role modeling and also reinforcement of behaviors that are desirable through parental approval and disapproval. Parental socialization is very important because it is the foundation of all civil behavior because it ...

Introduction

Parenthood is the state in which individual(s) transits to become a parent and as such his/her roles, status, values and needs in the society change. For an individual to qualify to become a parent they have to have a child and thus the man becomes a father while the woman becomes a mother. In parenthood, one can either be a single parent, which refers that he/she has been mandated to look after the kid alone due to unavoidable circumstances. In life, everybody is bound to pass through this stage. Being a parent is one of the difficult tasks and at the same time rewarding task ...