Essays on Geology

Digital image analysis is a method of extraction of useful information from digital images by using various digital image processing techniques. A digital image is a two-dimensional matrix that consists of great number of smallest addressable elements – pixels. Each pixel has its own digital characteristics, such as address and color representation. Digital image characteristics have two main measures: spatial resolution that is focused on capturing details and tonal resolution that is used to measure color, dynamic range and bit-depth. Higher tonal, spatial, and color values mean larger sizes of digital image file. (Peterson, 2005, pp. 1-2) The appropriate method ...

The purpose of this paper is to review the article, “Was Darwin Wrong?”, by David Quammen (2004) and to offer some discussion at the end of the paper. The main thrust of the Quammen’s article is to provide a description of the current and past evidence that supports Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection. With a few exceptions, the title of the article is answered with a firm “no, Darwin was right.” Quammen first began with a discussion of the concept of theory and explained that a theory is an explanation for a set of circumstances ...

Introduction

Every parent envisions a future where their children and grandchildren live in a rich and resourceful environment that essentially provides them with everything that they need to survive. However, what if parents were informed of a pending doom where their children will live in an extremely toxic environment where there aren't enough basic resources such as fresh drinking water or where the climate is comprised of harsh conditions that threaten their lives on a daily basis? What if they were informed that by the time their children are adults, a diverse range of the existing species of animals will ...

Defining the Coastal Environments in Tourism Industry

Tourism is one of rapidly developing industries in the global scales. Additional emphasis in this case should be put on the marine and coastal tourism - as two of the most popular options for spending the time and relaxation (Hewawasam, 2002, p. 2). At the same time, even while, taking into account general awareness among the scholars., pertaining to importance of tourism both in environmental and economic contexts, insignificant attention is paid by them to these two contexts of tourism (Sunlu, 2003, p. 263-270) The core need for additional attention to this sector is caused by insignificant understanding of ...

Introduction

Coal is a very cheap and abundant provision of energ. In fact, it is the most abundant fuel in the United States; U.S. has the highest coal reserve in the world, with up to 25% of the known world coal present in America and being mined in 26 out of the U.S. 50 states (fe.doe.gov, 2013). However, this abundant energy is seldom used because it is a very dirty energy. According to Hong & Slatick (1994), up to 204.3 pounds of carbon dioxide per million Btu is emitted when coal having 78% carbon content is completely burned to attain a ...

The trade and investment relationship between Australia and China demolishes the theory of comparative advantage. According to Adam Smith and Ricardo, it makes sense for a country to focus on the production of goods and services it can do efficiently and purchase goods and services it produces less efficiently from other countries. When this theory is applied to the trade relationship between Australia, a rich country and China, a poor country, we arrive at a paradoxical outcome. The introduction of a free trade regime resulting in Australia-China trading relationship implies that Australian consumers will pay lower prices for imported ...

Like many other United States National Parks, Badlands is unique unto itself with physical attributes that when they are seen one knows it is Badlands National Park. Located in an area rich with history, the Badlands was created and founded as a national monument in 1939 by President Roosevelt before officially becoming a national park in 1978 (Steiner, 1993). The landscape of buttes, ravines, and hills found in the midst of the prairie of Southwestern South Dakota influenced the Lakota Sioux to call the area, ‘mako sica’ or ‘badlands’ (“South Dakota Legends,” 2003). The Sioux Pine Ridge reservation lies ...

Hawai'i was the 50th state to join the USA. It comprises 132 islands and is said to be the home of volcanic islands. These islands reside in the Central Pacific Ocean. Moana Loa is one of the top most active volcanoes that had formed the island of Hawaii in the ocean (Networks, 2016). The movement of plate tectonics has resulted in the volcanic eruption and, however, the volcano towering and presence of valleys had a significant impact on the economic value.

Theory of plate tectonics

Plate tectonics theory explains that upper layer of the earth’s surface is segregated into various plates that ...

British Petroleum is a multinational corporation that was founded in 1908. It initially had its single wells in the remote parts of Persia. The company slowly grew and within eight years it became one of the largest businesses in the world. It has been broadly divided into three main subsections that include oil exploration and production; gas, power, renewables and oil refining; and marketing section. All these departments work together to ensure that the company achieves its objectives. Since 1995, the company has been in the capable hands of John Browne, who has been its CEO until his untimely ...

Introduction

Multiple researches suggest that dinosaurs are among the most successful groups of animals to have ever lived on earth. Their body physique and adaptability enhanced their survival thereby extending their life longevity. In the course of time, these species evolved into diverse shapes and sizes. As a result, the different types of evolved organisms embraced various modes of living. According to Xu (2006), nearly 150 years after the discovery of the first fossils of the dinosaur, this species was believed be a reptile. In fact, when Richard Owen found the first remains of this organism, the paleontologists used the ...

3.08.2016

Alfred, Lord Tennyson is a vivid representative of the Victorian period in the history of England, and particularly, the English literature. Together with the English society he was witnessing the industrial development of the world and together with the Victorian community he felt hostile towards these changes. For these convictions he was highly appreciated by the members of the Victorian society and the Queen herself. We will analyze two of his poems, which reflect his attitude to biological and geological progress – “In Memoriam” and “The Epic”. The poem “The Epic” tells us about a Christmas Eve and four ...

At one point, different concepts and theories of the natural science meet at an explanation of phenomena in a manner that most scientists may not imagine. Such is the relationship between geology and physics. Geology, definitively, is the study of the composition and elements of earth. In an advanced understanding, geology defines the different aspects of the universe such as rocks and the processes by which they change. On the other hand, physics is the branch of natural science that details the understanding of matter force, energy and matter with their movement through time and space (Anand, 2002). With ...

How Geology Shapes the Landscape

Geology is a branch of science that focuses on the physical structure and substance of the earth as well as the processes that can act on the same. The earth being one of the planetary bodies consist of numerous physical and natural occurrences that influence the structure, landscape, and climate of different regions depending on the type of phenomenon. Rivers, mountains, natural forests have a lot to determine the climate, and landscape of a geographic area. Professionals in the field of geology focus their work on study and research in this regard. Layers of the soil, rocks, as well ...

I have researched an article «$20 is the new $40», which discuss the changes in prices oo the oil market at the beginning of 2016 year. The energy, obtained from burning oil, is the main driving force of the economy today. Economic growth and oil prices move unidirectionally, and the slowdown in global economic growth is accompanied by a fall in world oil prices. Oil supply in the world market depends on the demand for oil products and, accordingly, the factors that form the demand. At the same time, the volume of supply (production) on oil is affected by ...

1.0 Tectonic Setting of South China Hong Kong, which is located near the southeastern margin of the Eurasian Continental Plate (ECP), called the Cathaysia Block, in Southeast China, rests on a stable intraplate region of the ECP some 700 km from its nearest plate boundary, an area that underlies Taiwan and trends southward to the Philippines and northeastward to Japan (Pappin, Koo, Free, & Tsang, 2008). Although stable, this continental intraplate region has been associated with earthquakes in the past as it straddles the northeast-trending Lianhuashan Fault Zone. There are two major fault zones, which trends in the regional northeast ...

In the philosophy of science, empiricism is the principle emphasizing that conclusions should be drawn based upon experimental evidence. Empiricism depends quite a bit upon knowledge gained from sensory experience (Psillos and Curd 129-138). It is also known as sense experience and gives primary importance to evidence gathered with the help of the “senses” and which is obtained by observation or as a result of experiments conducted (Pickett 585). It is a crucial component of the scientific method that demands all hypotheses and theories to be tested with corresponding observations in the natural world, instead of relying solely on ...

Physical Module: Venice

I have chosen the city, Venice for this assignment. As I mentioned in the introduction, I have been in Venice previous summer and I want to explore this site in more detail.

Geomorphology and Climatology

1) How did your selected city, town or village’s physical landscape form? i) What are the geological processes that contributed to the formation of your site? ii) What are the climatic processes that contributed to the formation of your site? The place, where Venice is located, is characterized by the transitional climate type between the continental and Mediterranean climate zones. The place of the city is ...

Describe which general fossil primate groups appear and radiate during the following geological epochs: Eocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene. For each of the geological epochs, identify the general primate group that first appears and radiates during that epoch. In addition, give the time range in millions of years for each epoch and provide at least one example of a specific primate genus and/ or species that is representative of each general primate group. 2. List and briefly describe at least five elements of the post-cranial anatomy found in humans, but not in apes, that facilitate efficient bipedal locomotion. Provide specific ...

1) What is the importance of Geodesy for Surveying? Why do you think that Geomatics

Should students know about Geodesy? Discuss

Geology enables the determination of the alignment of land, including the position, territories, portion and shape through the application of theodolites, land data systems or other geodetic survey tools. Also, it is through geology that resulted in the creation of the GPS (Geo Information Satellite) systems which as a result has resulted in the optimal exploration of space and regionally associated information. Besides, geodesy for surveying, aids in the assessing the quality of control information to regulate the necessity for extra survey information for ...

Abstract

I would like to have the report not too professional make it as student one please. the topic about the life cycle of cell phones and there are four different aspects for the cell phones each one is individual report for no more than 250 words the first one, 1.the social sustainability of the Materials extraction for cell phones. I want no more than 250 words about this one life cycle of cell phones 2.the impact of Environment. by Manufacturing cell phones no more than 250 words. life cycle of cell phones 3.the economic principles for the Use of ...

Archaeology gives us a better understanding of humans’ past historical events. It provides us with details of how people lived, their routines, rituals, culture and society. In addition, it helps is determining whether certain misconceptions about communities are factual or true. The integration of archaeology to anthropology is a way to gain more understanding of history. By studying past communities using their artefacts and structure, we gain more information on how we are similar to the past communities or the influences such history has on people descended from the same communities. A lot has been learnt by discovering ancient ...

The continental plate in the eastern part of Asia is composed of various volcanoes and tectonic movements. Most of the volcanic rocks in this region are composed of alkali basalts with signs of continental contamination. There are various models that explain the region’s magmatic evolution. The two most common models used to explain the movements refers to the surficial processes and the other one refers to the deeper processes associated with the Pacific ocean plate. These two processes are antithetic and may hay happen subsequently. The volcanism can be traced by tomographic imaging that can be directly associated ...

Geology of Mars

Similar to Earth, all of the planets, including Mars, are defined by geologic processes. Of course, these geologic processes and conditions differ among the planets depending on various factors, such as the relative distance to the sun, composition of the planet, vulnerability to impacts and collisions, etc. Of all the planets, Mars is the closest to Earth-like conditions (Head 1). On the surface of Mars, as well as all of the telluric planets, the most abundant minerals are silicates. On Mars, the origins of most of the silicates are of basaltic to andesitic basaltic. On its surface, the main ...

Introduction

Geology is part science which deals with the study of the structure of the earth. Plate tectonic, climate and evolutionary history of humans’ shows the history of the universe and this is attributed to the large amount of geological information on the various processes. Geology also plays a significant role in explaining mineral and hydrocarbon exploitation and exploration, geotechnical engineering and also the natural hazards. Things like rocks and minerals, fossils and lithology encompass geology, and they are present in different parts of the world including Rolla city. Rolla city is known for its many rocks, minerals, and fossils. ...

Nature in city; seed bank; ecosystem and social-urban development.

The terms “ecology” and environment” have different conceptual meanings which often overlap with the concept of “nature” in the context of academic and scientific research and analysis. For instance, ‘Natures and Ecologies’ studies explore the environmental dimensions of ecosystems which includes both physical parameters and biotic attributes of a particular region. The “environment "includes the physical world, the social world of human relations and the built world of human creation. [Ankers 2005] Within the various uses of the word today, "nature" often refers to geology and wildlife. Nature can refer to the general realm of living plants and animals, ...

Introduction

Industries in West Virginia have violated the state-issued permit of pollution by releasing toxic substances such as coal ash and selenium into the local water supply. In addition to the threat toxic substances like coal ash and selenium pose to the health of the community, toxic water destroys the environment and destabilizes the local ecosystem of the areas impacted by such pollution. West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WVDEP) was formed as a guidance tool to aid persons to know when it is environmentally secure to withdraw water from the stream. This judgment is built on percentages of yearly ...

Section

Executive Summary In this study, the city wanted to determine the economic value of the Sharp Park and the surrounding coastal trail. Instinctively, one may think of lost revenues, or possible income which may be generated by keeping the golf course. However, in the study, it has been determined that the amount earned from the golf course is actually much lesser than the amount required to maintain such. In fact, the city does not even earn from such property. The expense is greater than the revenues generated. But in the course of the research, it has been ascertained that ...

Introduction

3D printing takes a representation of an object in a digital file and uses a process that lays consecutive layers of material to develop a tangible three-dimensional replica of the object. This process used in creating the solid object is known as additive manufacturing (Munoz and Guenther, 2014). The 3D printing technology has given rise to a new type of prototyping known as rapid prototyping. Manufacturers have been the biggest gainers of rapid prototyping because the process allows them to quickly create and change prototypes.

3D Printing in Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Although 3D printing is mostly used in manufacturing to model prototypes and print parts, ...

ABSTRACT

The environmental friendly activities have been given utmost importance in every field. Due to the environmental degradation, the new trend of “go green” has been formed among the people. The people are very persistent about sustainability. The architecture and civil engineering are one of the major fields where the sustainability has to be considered on priority basis. Architect Stefano Boeri has been translating his unique idea of sustainability through world’s first vertical forest building, Bosco Verticale. The objective of the present paper is to explore the safety, durability and the sustainability of the architecture. It these factors are ...

NATIONAL PARKS

National Parks Introduction Acadia National Park The Acadia National Park is federal parkland located in New England, United States. This national park is made up of mountains, lakes, woodlands, ocean shoreline and so forth. It also includes a small island located to the southwest of Mount Desert Island, and parts of Baker Island, also nearby. This makes up much of the Isle au Haut. A part of the Schoodic Peninsula situated on the mainland of Maine is also included in this park. The national park is the first to be established in the East of the Mississippi River and ...

(Teacher)

Sinkholes are a problem across the globe, especially in urban areas. Sinkholes can cause damage to roads, collapse structures, and destroy property. The biggest way to prevent a sink hole is to learn what factors are included in the formation a sinkhole is, how a sinkhole forms, and wheatther or not the sinkhole was naturally formed or if humans created the situation that caused the sinkhole in the first place. While it is not possible to actually prevent natural sinkholes, there are several ways that sinkholes which are created from human activity may be prevented, or at least ...

The continental landscape features are reflected with analogous features on the ocean basins. Plains, Plateaus, volcanic cones, rolling hills, mountains, and valleys are found underwater in the oceans just like on land. However, research reveals that the largest mountains found beneath ocean waters are higher as compared to those on the continent. Also, the plains found under water are more extensive and flatter than those on the dry land.

The Shape of the Land

The ocean basins can be referred to that surface of the Earth that extends towards the sea from the margins of the continent. Ocean basins are usually submerged in the ...

The Sphinx of Egypt, the Sistine Chapel and the life-size sculpted representations of David or the Ancient Grecian Gods are all examples of great artistic achievements that have withstood the test of time. When the average person thinks of the arts, be it paintings, architecture or sculpture they are more interested in the object or work created than what it is made from. People see the Mona Lisa, not necessarily the paints used, the canvas it is painted upon or the nature of the brush strokes. When the average spectator sees the Notredame Cathedral in France, people are awed ...

Carlsbad Cavern National Park 2

General Information 2 Geology 4 Climate 8 Wildlife and Biodiversity 9 Environmental Issues and Concerns 10 A Day in the Park 10 The 8th wonder of the earth Carlsbad Cavern lies in the heart of the United States of America in New Mexico. The park has an approximate of 118 caves and attracts an estimated number of 500,000 tourists yearly. It lies in the underground world and provides an amazing scenery to any tourist who visits the park. It offers vast subterranean chambers, incredible cave formations, and unique features. Touring the park will require some walking, crawling and ...

Geography Assignment

Geography Assignment

Question one

Ernest Rutherford made remarkable contributions towards radioactivity and the nature of the atom. He was the first man on earth to discover that atoms have a small nucleus that is charged and its surrounded by space which is circled by very tiny electrons. This was what became to be known as the planetary model or Rutherford model of the atom. Rutherford collaborated with Fredrick Soddy on research on transmutation of elements. The two researched in X-ray effects based on conductivity of gasses ("Ernest Rutherford: Father of nuclear science," 2014). This is where they came up with the ...

Geography Assignment

Geography Assignment

Question one

Ernest Rutherford is a renown physicist who is known as the father of nuclear physics due to his enormous contribution in the field of radioactivity. Rutherford discovered the concepts on radioactive half-life which assisted in proving that radioactivity is involved with transmutation of a single chemical element to the other. The physicist also differentiated and named the beta and alpha radiations. Rutherford was the first person to design and undertake highly original experiments that had alternating currents as well as high frequency. In his second paper, which was about magnetic viscosity contained a description of time apparatus ...

Introduction

The following discussion entails three questions, which are all based on radioactivity with respect to geology. The three questions are further subdivided into three subtopics: Biography of Ernest Rutherford, weathering, and practical consultation.

One of the most recognized personalities in the world of discovery is Ernest Rutherford. This is due to his efforts in chemistry-related research which led to a number of discoveries. Ernest carried out his education mainly in New Zealand, where he was born and brought up. At first, Rutherford did research into the magnetic properties of iron when exposed to high-frequency oscillations. This made him one ...

(Teacher Name)

An earthquake is any seismic event that causes seismic waves. These can be caused by human activity or natural causes. For example, fracking often causes earthquakes which are human caused. Earthquakes often shake or displace the ground or surface of the earth near the epicenter and if the displaced earth is under the ocean, it will usually cause a tsunami. Most earthquakes are caused by geological faults but they can also be caused by landslides, mine blasting, and volcanic activity. Earthquakes are measured by overserving seismometers that are set up across the globe in strategic places for ...

Abstract

Land and rockslides are natural disasters that threaten people living in the Sultanate of Oman. In this paper, the fundamentals of disaster management are identified from their causes. First, the aspect of slope stability is covered. The involvement of this information follows the need to appreciate the vulnerability of mountainous regions to mass movement. The causes of mass movement are also explained. Further, the risks of rock and landslides are expanded with the intention of directing the focus of the paper. To be objective, the paper progresses to a review of the measures employed by the government of Oman ...

Introduction

According to the scientists, the earth is estimated to be about 4.55 billion years in age. This estimation is based on different assumptions and evidence carried out from specific parts of the earth. The scientists used three methods to come up with the actual age of the Earth. This paper will highlight how scientists established the actual age of the earth and all the assumptions that were made.

Methods Used to Estimate the Actual Age of the Earth

Radiometric Dating Method The scientists also used the knowledge of half-life and the decaying element concentration to estimate the age of the sampled rocks, which translate to the age of the ...

Research paper about Lithium

Introduction Metal minerals are critical for the economic development and technological advancement. In the world, many minerals play an important part in easing and improving the development of new and advanced materials. Lithium mineral is an example of the mineral found in some various part of the world and is use in multiple applications in industries. This research paper majorly focuses on lithium production and manufacturing. It gives the brief history of mining and production of lithium, the countries, and companies that are well recognized for the mineral production. It also gives the industrial application of lithium. Furthermore, the ...

Article “Antarctic ice may melt more quickly than expected”

The first article published on CBC news describes the problem of melting of the glaciers in Antarctic. According to the article, it is expected that the sea level would rise by 46 to 86 centimetres by the year of 2100, which is much more that it had been expected before. The scientists identified that the main reasons of this are warmer air, less frigid water and gravity. Moreover, the forecasts also predict that by 2500 the seas might become 13 metres higher, which will be caused only by ice melting. However, as scientists believe, the rise of the sea ...

(Archnet: Bayt Nassif).

Introduction

The Nassif House is located in Al-Balad, Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. As of 2009, it has been declared as a cultural center and a museum. The house has 106 rooms in total, is composed of four floors, and was built between 1872 and 1881 by Sheikh Umar Effendi Al-Nassif, a wealthy merchant of the city (Saudi Caves: Discovering Old Jeddah). This short essay will discuss the sustainable features of this edifice against the climactic conditions where it is situated.

Discussion

Nassif House is situated in the Al-Balad section of Jeddah, which is considered to be the “old ...

Question 1

Cultural leveling describes how people from different cultures approach each other and try to reach common grounds regarding communication and interaction. This process is evident in Lee’s ethnographic fieldwork. Coming from white society, the researcher exhibited arrogance and considered himself superior, both intellectually and culturally, to the !Kung bushmen. He did this by extending to or cutting off the supply of tobacco from the Bushmen since he was the only source of the commodity in 1000 square miles (Lee). Besides, he neither shared his food with the Bushmen nor participated in their food-gathering activities. For this reason, the ...

I will be looking at whether resource prices are rising or falling. I will conduct a deep research into the root of this problem around the world. Through this research it will be easy to establish the solutions to this problem which is not healthy to the economy (Neumayer 68). The research will be conducted through; closed questionnaires, data analysis and use of internet research which includes the use of World Bank and IMF data. Just to take a preview of the essay topic, the history of this problem is from the recent drop in global oil prices that ...

Abstract

This study aims at examining different methods used to study the composition and variation of marine organisms and plants. Various methods create different results that show the effect of the geological environment structure in the ecosystem at various oceanic conditions. Temperature variation is used as a major determinant of the population distribution of the organisms and plants found in various ecosystems. For instance, this study will use crocodilian fossils and mangroves to assess the composition of ancient oceanic environments and the trend of the climate and geological change in these conditions (Häder 1999). This study uses some isotopic ...

Common methods of Soil Investigation in the EUA

Soil investigation is imperative for various geological reasons. In most cases, subsurface investigation programs are carried to examine the underlying characteristics suggested by field reconnaissance and office research so as to modify, deny or confirm the assumed properties and conditions below the ground surface. Soil investigation and exploration program present a reasonable idea about the underlying soil condition and characteristics. The main aim of soil investigation and subsurface exploration is to determine the geomorphic and geological structures of the site’s subsurface (Ameratunga, Sivakugan & Das, 2016). There are two major methods of soil investigation employed across the UAE. The ...

Influence for Nuclear Waste Storage in Minnesota

Storage of nuclear waste in Minnesota is a huge problem. Over the years, this issue has been creating constant stirs among the public, the government and the company running it. While solutions have been provided over time, anything substantial is yet to be realized. As a result, the state has issued a moratorium on any further expansions of nuclear facilities in Minnesota in exchange for a limited storage of the nuclear waste generated by the plants on the Prairie Island. However, considering the license to operate the plants are due to expire in early 2030s and no substantial solution ...

The research conducted by Roy B. Van Arsdale and Randel T. Cox about their idea of the origins of the Mississippi embayment was based on other theories, work, and models produced by other scientists. The theories that the pair presented in the article published in the Scientific American magazine were easily understood by the non-scientist. The article seemed to lack any real scientific data from the pair that was original or from the two conducting any geological evidence of their own. This writer could understand why the magazine chose to publish the research because it did a good job ...

Nuclear activation analysis method is used in determining element concentration in the wide range of materials. The method relies mainly on neutron excitation because the sample treated produces gamma rays and thus allowing the precise quantification and identification of the trace elements and any other elements contained in the sample (Parry, 2003). (NAA) has significant chemistry applications in addition to other fields of research such as archeology, medicine, geology, forensic science and environmental monitoring. (NAA) The method mainly relies on activating neutrons and. Therefore, a neutrons source is required for the bombardment of the sample with neutrons leads to ...

In 1809, Charles Darwin was born to Mr. Robert Waring Darwin and Susannah Wedgwood in Shrewsbury England and was their second son but the fifth child. Among the family members and relatives of the Darwin household, religious convictions and the value of proper education were evident. For instance, despite the religious skepticism of some relations, the mother embraced the Unitarian religion that promoted individual experience as the determinant factor in religious beliefs, and his sister Caroline embraced traditional Christianity (Pleins 1). Meanwhile, his father was a physician and at times, Charles Darwin would accompany his father on his medical ...

Introduction:

The Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) are among the most valued elements in the globe and attract high process within the global market. They not only serve investments opportunities for companies, but also find use in large-scale production of high-tech industrial commodities. These commodities especially find use in automotive and electronics manufacturers. In the automotive industry, PGMs find continued use in creating catalysts that lower carbon dioxide emissions, with the aim of producing and developing environmentally friendly cars. In the electronics sector, the PGMs are used in producing hard disks and motherboards in a sector that has traditionally been termed ...

Abstract

Adsorption differs from absorption and activated clays are one of the most effective adsorbents in nature. The adsorbing action of activated clay is a selective adsorption process. Due to its effectiveness, activated clay has wide applications such as cleaning up oil spills and adsorbing dyes. Zeolite made up of silicon, aluminum and oxygen is also an adsorber, and it can be synthesized. Synthesis simply increases its pore or cavity sizes and makes it hydrophobic. Zeolites are selective adsorbers because of their unique pore sizes. Zeolites are used in removing heavy metals such as zinc, iron, copper, chromium and so ...

2016-02-12

Introduction As we know, the “Critical Zone” is the zone that extends from the vegetation outer limits to the lower limits of groundwater. This zone is important for all life on the Earth. It provides most of the ecosystem services on which societies depend. In this case, erosion processes are dangerous enough for the Critical Zone and they must be timely identified.

Discussion

The erosion is a quite dangerous geological process, as it leads to rather unfortunate consequences (for example, structural failure, displacement, shrinkage of the foundation, and some others). This process leads to the destruction of the rocks (soils) ...

Question 1

Convection is organized by the circular motion of water flow or air through thermal changes in the density and gravitational attraction, which originate from the source of heat and decrease in the colder outer layers.

Craton is a lithosphere platform with the foundation of Precambrian age.

Earthquake magnitude is a scale characterizing the energy released during an earthquake in the form of seismic waves. Focus is an area of occurrence of underground hits in the earth's crust or upper mantle, resulting in an earthquake. Epicenter – is the central point of the surface of the earthquake focus. Isostasy is hydrostatic equilibrium state of the earth's crust, when the Earth's less dense ...

Perimeter security is designed to protect building and construction sites from the unauthorised access of people. Perimeters can be built of different materials depending on the kind of construction expected to take place among other determining factors. To improve the security of this perimeter, constructors select materials that are difficult to climb. That is done with the aim of deterring invaders, including children who would want to access the site. In this case, it is important that the construction site is secluded from the existing building and seawall with a perimeter fence. The functionality of this is especially important ...

Possible Changes at the Societal and Professional Levels

Abstract Global warming is no doubt the the greatest and most far reaching societal and professional long term threat to every end of human livelihood. Agriculture is quickly growing into one of the biggest producers of greenhouse gases. And therefore, global warming. The recent development of industrial farming has exasperated the amount of methane and nitrous oxide gases being released into the atmosphere. This has been done under the pressure of many different stimuli, including government lobbyists and stimuli, and companies like Monsanto. Indifference and lack of public education has ensured that this remains a problem for the immediate ...

A Dissertation Methodology

The electro-microprobe technology Modern geochemists (Donovan et al, 2003) generally agree that modern electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) is bringing the most precise and most accurate chemical analyses for solid specimens today. Moreover, these highest-quality results can be brought to routine achievements under carefully crafted analytical protocols. The modern EMPA technology already incorporates qualitative and quantitative analytical methods in a non-destructive mechanism even from micron-sized samples of surface materials at a sensitivity of many parts per million (ppm) (Cameca, 2012). In fact, a number of EMPA equipment today can incorporate one or two others of the four major surface and ...

[Subduction Initiation]

Abstract

The major purpose of this report is to explore the process of subduction initiation by looking at its implications. The initiation of subduction is among the main plate tectonic process hence it comes out as an important subject of study when exploring the geological structure of the Earth. In order to explore all the elements associated with this, the paper is categorized into topics that cover important aspects. First, it is important to study when and why subduction initiation begins since this will give a picture about its relation with plate tectonic movement. It comes out that ...

Introduction to Beijing

The capital of China, Beijing, is affected the most by catastrophes. Earthquakes, floods, famines, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis are calamities that are caused by natural activities of the Earth. These calamities are referred to as natural disasters as they result in not only loss of lives, but also a tremendous number of people who are rendered and homeless. Because of their violent nature, natural disasters in Beijing have hurled people into a labyrinth from which very few are able to survive. Natural disasters beget irreparable damage to the property which lasts forever, and demand several years to overcome the ...