Essays on Periphery

Institutionalization of Chinese politics since Deng Xiaoping:

The Chinese state and its relationship to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has been by far the most significant factor in determining the level of institutionalization of Chinese politics. Chinese politics was highly shaped during the revolutionary and Maoist periods by the power of the CCP. The CCP’s role in the revolution and its creation of a particular state form highly influenced the state form. The Chinese state under Mao was revolutionary inasmuch as it was primarily focused on class struggle as its primary role. This changed after Mao’s death and the rise of Deng Xiaoping and ...

Globalectics, a term coined by author Ngugi wa Thiong’o, is a portmanteau of global (or globalism) and dialectics. Dialectics refers to the art of discussion between two or more people with differing opinions. People who are engaged in dialectical discussion wish to bring truth to light through reasoned and rational arguments. Dialectics implies the position that discussion cannot lead to the discovery of truth without the inclusion of multiple points of view. Global refers to the space where all things take place. The globe of the planet Earth encompasses everything that exists, and everything that exists is connected ...

Question 1. What is the World System theory and how does it explain the structure of the international system and actions of states? World-systems theory is a macrohistorical paradigm of research of international relations that examines the social evolution of the economies, historical systems and civilizations as a structural relationship within the broad historical and geographic community, the so-called "world-system". World-systems analysis is considered as an alternative to traditional interdisciplinary social sciences, since it criticizes stadial concepts of history, is focused on supranational perspective and rejects the dichotomous opposition between East and West (Halsall, 1997). The key concept of ...

Introduction

Since the republics in the Soviet Union proclaimed independence in 1991, there have been significant changes concerning the ethno cultural, and demographic situation. The dissolution of the Soviet Union was the major reason behind the creation of the Russian Diaspora. More than twenty-five million Russian citizens found themselves in the midst of newly and freshly created states, which were often redesigned as their new political dwellings (Beissinger, 2008). After some time, the displaced Russians were compelled to either assume a fresh political identity, or to return to the Russian Federation, which was newly created. Assuming fresh political identity would ...

Ali Carkoglu ‘Voting Behavior’

Carkoglu’s article deal with the issue of the analysis of the Turkish electoral policy as well as the mentality of the voters. The author’s position consists in the statement that this matter has been always tough to be properly explored, as there were always barriers for the creation of the rational and strategic voting process. The barriers have been usually caused by the following factors: weak foundation of Turkish democracy and constant military interventions; absence of rational-choice approaches; the analysis of this issue was always limited, as the scholars often lacked appropriate data so as to deal ...

Being dominant in terms of economy, political affairs and military power requires a country to have a certain geographic location and a size that would allow achieving ambitious political and economic goals. Undoubtedly, for a small country with insufficient natural resources, little population, and large neighbors nearby it is very difficult to become powerful. In the meantime, even small countries may act as very authoritative international actors if they have several reliable and strong allies and the surrounding countries cannot harm them. In this paper, the importance of geography in making a country an economic, political and military power ...

Introduction

OPNET Modeler can be used in order to create and analyze network models; therefore, it can do organizational scaling to deal with a specific ‘what if’ problem. In addition, use of Project Editor is necessary in order to create a small network, gather and collect statistics about network effectiveness and performance, run a network simulation, and analyze the received results and statistics. Moreover, designing a new network can be made easier if a group of several scenarios is combined in order to explore different network aspects. In this lab report not only Loads and Delays on the first floor ...

Capitalism has changed the meaning of labor and formulated entirely new motivation to work. In capitalist system labor transformed into the inner human need. The essence of capitalism is the cooperation of people in order to create value, not only for themselves but also for others. It generates a variety of productive activities as the needs and desires of the people are very diverse. In an authoritarian state some group considers that she has the ultimate truth can impose all their valuables. They can dictate its will on others. In capitalist society, the space for the manifestation of personality ...

Did Booker T. Washington's philosophy and actions betray the interest of African Americans? Washington’s philosophical statement was not only a betrayal to the African Americans, but was a grand ridicule to the blacks who had been pushed to the periphery of social underpinnings. Indeed, Washington’s statement did not go so well with the African American who deemed it as a ridicule of the highest degree. One would ask a simple yet a very critical question; how could two races be urged to work together, while be instructed to hold to their racial lineages? This is the blackmail ...

Re-uptake involves the reabsorption of neurotransmitters by any of the neurotransmitter receptors or transporters. The transporters involved are usually of pre-synaptic neurons. Re-uptake occurs after the neurotransmitter has transmitted a neural impulse. Re-uptake is very crucial in order for the normal functioning of synapses to take place. This is because it allows the neurotransmitters to be recycled, thereby regulating their levels in the synapse. This in turn dictates the length of time it takes for a signal - generated by neurotransmitter release - to last. Neurotransmitters are usually large hydrophilic molecules that cannot pass through the neuronal membranes. For this reason, ...

Islam and Democracy

Introduction The literature that has been written about Islam and democracy are both highly complicated in terms of interpretation of the fundamentals of democracy and are in an equal sense argued from several points of reference. These factors are compelling and are significant to the level of democracy in the Islamic world. The comparative debate presented in arguments by Irfan Ahmad and Bernard Lewis creates major literature that reveals the limitations in this path of inquiry. The main proposition in their argument is the discussion of the cliché aspect that surrounds Islam and their objective levels. The core ...

Introduction

In his essay on Canada’s changing national development trajectory, Hutton has discussed the nation’s economic transition to a ‘post-staples’ era. He makes it very clear that his notion and hypothesis of the changing phase after that of ‘mature staples’ is not absolute. Instead, it is much as the theory on society post-industrialization as proposed by Daniel Bell; they both observe and analyze changes in the economy of the nation, owing to social, political, cultural and/or spatial developments. And in this particular case, Hutton’s essay focuses primarily on the contribution of staples towards a developing Canadian economy. Hutton describes ...

In the light of the high capitalist failures in most countries, I would like to live in the Socialist country. This is so because socialism has proven to be the only viable solution to the fundamental crisis confronting humanity, such as income inequality, lack of education, gender inequality and poor living standards among others. Most people think that socialism is necessarily inferior to capitalism, but there is no clear evidence that the socialist countries performed worse than the capitalist countries based on economic growth. However, there is evidence that the socialist countries met the population’s basic needs better ...

The small and medium sized enterprises denote businesses based on small capital, simple management, and small-scale operations. These businesses have local markets supplying small quantities of commodities. The paper tries to explain how these businesses internalize their stocks, their level of innovation, and explains their nature of management. The paper explores their open innovation opportunities, and their definition of international entrepreneurship. The paper tries to explain their reverse innovation as a method to cope with declining economic growth. The paper explores their marketing strategies and their global human resource management. The paper looks into their ethics and social responsibility when ...

Final Integration Paper

Final Integration Paper

Question 1

Capitalist relations in the society contribute to the development of a number of infectious diseases. This tendency began in 1400 when capitalism started to develop at fast pace. On each stage of capitalism development so called “signature diseases” emerged. For example, “Bubonic plague in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries emerged as a result of the opening of trade routes to Asia, carried by merchants and warriors from the middle of the then world system west to Europe and east to China.” (Robbins, ch. 8). Urbanization processes started at that time when industrialization processes initiated by manufacturers attracted more ...

The Chicano Studies show fundamental changes that this group achieved in bringing social justice within the Catholic Church. Chicano struggles are a clear formulation of political, social and cultural approaches to issues that affect human beings, especially women on a daily basis (Valadez 3). Chicano women transformed themselves as agents of change who would fight for social justice through a variety of forms, which inculcated others to join this fundamental movement in the history of mankind. Through Las Harmannas, these women were able to achieve their targets notwithstanding the challenges that they experienced during this struggle. Las Harmannas is an established ...

The Bishop White Gallery of Chinese Temple Art is among the galleries in the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM). This is dedicated to the Chinese art and archeology. It is a symbol of one of the most significant collection of the Chinese temple art globally. It involves three Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 AD) temple wall paintings from Shanxi Province that decorate the three walls of the Gallery and a number of wooden sculptures showing bodhisattvas since 12th to the 15th centuries. These make the most iconic structure in the ROM (Royal Ontario Museum, 1959). The gallery is named in respect of Bishop ...

Introduction to Chicano Studies

The 1960’s and 70’s saw an increase in immigration from Mexico to the US. With the new influx of Mexicans, the older Mexicans who had settled in the southwest of the country moved. Not only this, but with this new wave of immigration came the call for more equitable rights for the Mexicans. Out of this struggle for political and social equality for Mexican Americans was born the Chicano movement. The Chicanos believed in political power and were more aggressive than their predecessors who had asked for similar rights at the end of WWII. What set the ...

Introduction 3

Definition of large and small nations 3 Background and Theory of Alliances 3 Theories 4 a. Free-riding theory 4

Challenges Mobilizing Nations to Produce Public Goods Globally 6

b. Game Theory 6 c. Dependency theory 7 d. Pareto efficiency 8 Conclusion 8

Bibliography 10

Introduction Strategic alliances have been used over the decades by firms pursuing diverse economic goals. Strategic alliances have become an essential feature in the global economy, especially due to the challenges paused by factors such as rapid globalization. As an emerging way of action, alliances have been viewed as a solution to implementing efficient global strategies capable of enhancing growth ...

Compare and contrast the Ideas of Liberalism and Marxism in Global Political Economy.

Introduction The study of cooperation and conflicts between different nation states has been termed as the International Relations; the main purpose of IR had always been on the issues pertaining to peace and war in the region. Recently, in the twenty-first century, there has been a conscious shift from these issues to take into consideration the issues related to wealth and poverty; the issue of who is gaining wealth in the international system has been known as the International Political Economy. ‘Political economy’ was the term used for referring to the study of the general conditions under which the ...

Introduction The Eurozone crisis also known as Euro crisis is an ongoing crisis since late 2009 after the great recession of 2009 affecting the Eurozone countries. This was after a New Greek government revealed of the previous government misleading reports on government budget data higher than expected deficit levels. The result was devastating eroding the investors’ confidence hence the bond spreads rose to unsustainable levels. Moreover, the countries fiscal position and debt levels of some member countries escalated to unsustainable levels (Vittori, 2013).As the threat of debt default by the government rose, the Greece government in May 2010 received ...

Abstract

This article aims at analyzing the political economy of communications and the consciousness of industry approach. It further examines the US class structure and its control of income and wealth using Domhofff’s framework to discuss how Big Media and Big Business make use of the government to promote and shape all the relevant public policies which promote all their short-term interest. - Jhally’s Argument about the Purposes of Media Today in Maintaining Shared Ideological Consensus in the General Public

Introduction

The political economy perspective is of much importance in the structure and process of communication. A great ...

Political economy of communication

Question 1Consciousness Industry Approach According to Jhally’s perception and approach about the consciousness industry, the core objective of the media in the current world is to produce and maintain shared thoughts within the public in general. Generally, every society is characterized by an uneven distribution of wealth and income based on the global economic systems. The majority of the economic systems especially capitalism aids a small proportion of people in the society to gain control of the means of production. The consciousness industry approach can be termed as an institution based approach, which is concerned with the ...

Introduction

The modern age has brought forth a series of innovations that have enabled people to organize themselves better through the formation of various structures. Modernism, as it stands, focuses on the presence of structures that provides for the organization of human actions. Verily, the concept of nationalism is a crucial aspect of modernist thought, standing as a prevalent status quo starting from the 19th century. This study explores nationalism under the lens of modernism. How is nationalism a uniquely modern concept? What preceded nationalism in terms of organizing people politically? How did the modern period feature the emancipation of nationalist thought? A ...

Economic structuralism theory is an extremely useful theory in the definition of global political and economic structures. This theory dictates that the global political structure is determined by the global economic structure. The theory has been connected to a saying that fiscally developed nations set political rules, which they expect the developing countries follow in the foot step to getting developed. This statement is true since the developed countries have always had the intention of dominating the rest of the world. This happens in various ways while each of the activity that is witnessed has unique influence. There are both ...

PAPER IS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY

EU - is the association of 28 European countries, united for the purpose of ensuring peace and prosperity on the basis of general economic, political and social goals. Since the very first day of creation – it has faced numerous problems, which have questioned the principles this organization is based on: “liberty, equality, fraternity”. The main ones are: the problem of economic equality, massive immigration problem, the problem of national language and the competition for the place in the European Parliament. But, the economic problem has been affecting a number of members of this union and is the key problem, that ...

Development theories are a conglobation of theories concerning the way attractive modification in society is best attained. This paper seeks to give details, carry out a comparison as well as analyze the fundamental theoretical presumptions of interdependence, world system as well as realist theories. Realism is a global theory of relations that states that politics of the world is impelled by competitive opportunism (Rourke, 2010). This theory has four assumptions concerning global relations. These include the assumption that the nation is the most crucial player in the global relations meaning that individuals such as the pope or interest groups such as ...

Introduction

The building of tunnels dates back to the canal age. The first English canal tunnel was that of James Brindley on the Bridgewater canal directly entering Worsely coal mine (Muir 14). It was opened in 1761 and subsequently extended. This marked the beginning of tunneling, with numerous tunnels on the extending canal network. Brindley’s next achievement was the Harecastle tunnel built on the summit of the Grand Trunk Canal that was later damaged by mining activities. Since then tunneling has been an important aspect as far as infrastructure is concerned not only in the construction industry but also ...

Throughout the Cold War, from period of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan in 1947 through National Security Memorandum 68 in 1950, the U.S. was attempting to expand its system worldwide, at least outside the Soviet Bloc and China, wherever such expansion was possible. George Kennan’s doctrine of containment, formulated in the 1940s when he was head of the Policy Planning Staff at the State Department, was based on this analysis of a police state with insecure and paranoid leadership that expanded opportunistically rather than by a design for world conquest. As a realist, Kennan believed that the industrialized Western powers ...

Introduction

Every problem operates at two levels; peripheral level - it’s visible outward appearance and root level - its clandestine originating point, which usually is hidden from one’s normal vision. Successful solution lies in attacking the root-cause to shut down the oxygen supply, rather than the periphery, since the latter is often a catastrophic off-shoot of the former, if left unattended. That’s why as children, beyond a point, our parents often stop always surrendering to our demands for expensive toys, as a solution to our post-rejection tantrums that annoy them, and instead personally counsel us to instill reasoning about the ...

What Would Be The Consequences On The Italian Economy If They Were To Abandon The Euro Currency And Re-Establish The Lira? There has been a believable rumour that Italy is at the verge abandoning the Euro for its local currency, the Lira. There arise many questions as to why such a developed country with a high GDP per capita would embrace such an idea and the implication of the same to the Economy. This informing paper clearly sets out all the possibilities that are likely to occur based on previous example of abandoning a currency as well currency areas. Previously ...

Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system is an extensive one way drainage system, which is made up of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen and the thymus. It is part of the circulatory system. The lymphatic vessels have three main functions. Lymphatic vessels drain water and plasma protein that leaks from the capillaries and return them to the circulatory system, they carry fats absorbed in the small intestines to the blood, and transport cellular remains, pathogens, and foreign cells to the lymphoid tissues where white blood cells annihilate them (Starr. C, Targgat, Vers & Starr. L, 2012). Lymph nodes act as sites for ...

Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) is a variation of herpetic necrotizing retinopathy seen largely in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the virus that causes chickenpox and, when reactivated from dormancy in the dorsal root ganglia, herpes zoster (shingles). It initially attacks the periphery of the retina and then spreads to involve the entire retina. Unlike typical herpetic necrotizing retinopathy, inflammation of the anterior chamber and vitreous is minimal or absent. It is manifest by variable severity of vision loss at the outset, with a variable but largely discouraging visual outcome. (Engstrom et ...

1. Methods to calculate taxable value of fringe benefits: Australian Taxation law allows some benefits to the employees by their employers in the form of different services, benefits, privileges or rights. Under fringe benefits tax act, 1986 the fringe benefit may include cheaper loans to employees by the employer, to allow employees of the company to use Employer’s car, look after medical or legal problems etc. if a person works somewhere for anybody or in a company, the general concept is that the worker will get remuneration in cash but a new concept recognized by Australian taxation law is an agreement ...

1. Explain the meaning of Globalization in its different aspects. What is ‘comparative advantage’? What is the difference between “comparative advantage” and “absolute advantage”? Globalization is a term that often refers to the interconnectedness of the resources and goods, which belong to different economies and countries. It sets the goal of unification, reduction of trade barriers, international specialization and trade, based on efficiency and intensified communication and transportation. Comparative advantage in the international trade is related to the opportunity cost for a country of producing a good. A country would specialize in producing a good, if it has lower ...

The depression of 1930’s was known as the great depression because its ripples were felt in all countries of the word. It originated from United States and its spread was attributed to the forged relationship between United States and European economies. The further spread to primary producing countries is attributed to the trade interrelation which had developed between these countries and the already developed countries. The primary producing nations included Latin America, Asia and Africa states. This depression strongly pressed countries like Britain and Germany because they had a lot of loans obtained from United States. Employment in these ...

The brain regulates the choice of a person to be physically active. Stimuli from the environment and from the tissues excite receptors and nerves which in turn excite the muscles. The central nervous system has three general areas that are associated with the complexity of the movement and the familiarity of the various stimuli. The areas include the spinal cord which handles simple reflex actions, the lower brain which organizes more complex responses while the cerebral cortex controls the most complicated responses and stores general motor programs. The spinal cord consists of two-way tracks of nerve fibers which carries both ...