Replication College Essays Samples For Students

External validity

Experimental research is a rigorous process that is significantly used in the testing of the cause and the effects of relationships of variables. The experimental research involves a plethora of processes that include testing research hypothesis, measuring and description of variables, designing and interpretation of research. The findings obtained in the experiment help in the drawing of conclusion, and are categorized into internal validity (the cogent conclusion) and external validity (the generalized inference). The external validity of research findings is an indispensable facet of any psychological research that should, by all means, be tested through replication before any generalized conclusion is ...

Biology

(Department)

DNA and its importance in our lives

Introduction
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long linear polymer located in the nucleus of a cell. It is developed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix. It is related to the transmission of hereditary information from one generation to the second generation. DNA contains the information for the development as well as reproduction of an organism, thereby leading to a normal life. In the year 1953, James Watson, a biologist, and Francis Crick, a physicist, discovered the structure of DNA in a laboratory in England (LEROY, 2003). The structure of DNA helped scientists to know the process ...

1. State the type of study that was conducted.Prospective cohort. 2. What is the research question? Is detectable HIV-1 DNA represents replication-competent virus capable of initiating HIV-1 replication in the absence of cART?3. What was known or unknown before the study was conducted? the levels of HIV-1 DNA were already measured.
During the study, the following were already known. It was known that cART controls the replication of HIV-1, yet they were undetectable. Children experienced rebound during HIV-1 suppression when therapy was discontinued. Latent reservoir aid as the barrier when cure is being conducted, and it was known that ...

1. What techniques/training will the scholarship provide?
The scholarship will train people on the aspects that relate to the testing and culturing of samples used in research. Testing hypothesis will be made possible through the project. The hypothesis testing skills are needed to test the hypothesis in the study. The study will base on the ability to take records and measure outcome. The project will offer training on how to test hypothesis and measure outcome. On the other hand, the scholarship will train clients on how to collect samples, record and interpret scientific data. When the project is done, ...

Introduction

An organizations aggressive edge lies in its capacity to create provincial and worldwide vicinity while offering and keeping up best administrations at standard or superior to anything opponents. While trying to control a bigger piece of the overall industry in solar energy assembling and circulation, SHIV LLC has three branches, Los Angeles, Dallas and Houston. Remote clients in Los Angeles need to transfer close continuous data to workplaces in Houston without hardly lifting a finger. This will likewise apply to individuals from the official and administration who need to convey administrative parts to branches without much travelling. This should be possible ...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV is a retrovirus, which is a unique virus family consisting of RNA as the genetic material instead of DNA. This genetic material is surrounded by an envelope of lipoprotein. HIV differs structurally from other members of the family retrovirus. It is roughly spherical and has a diameter of around 120 nm.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus comprises of two copies of non-covalently joined positive single-stranded RNA enveloped by a conical capsid that consist of the p24 viral protein, which is typical of lentiviruses. Lysine tRNA is reverse transcriptase that is magnesium dependent and is involved in the packaging of both ...

Question 2

Non covalent bonds attach the paired bases that compliment each other. The bond serves a strengthening feature in attaching the complimentary pairs. The bases that are complimentary in the bases of a DNA are G= guanines, A= adenines, C= cytonines and T= thymines. The bonding process of bases is done when G bonds with C, T bonds with A. This is the rule for bonding of the DNA bases. These are strongly found between the base and nucleotides that are completed when the four bases interact to make a adenosine monophosphate (Audesirk, et al., 2011).

Structure of the DNA 3

The polymer of the DNA is referred ...

Abstract

The world in which we live is surrounded by a number of forces that may each act independently or jointly to keep nature in a state of equilibrium. A force is defined as either a push or a pull whose resultant effect may be either translational, or distortional (Andy, 2002). In this practical experimental undertaking, we investigate the distortional effect of force on objects.
The main aim of this experiment is to prove the celebrated scientific law; Hooke’s Law. Aside from ascertaining the validity of the aforementioned principle, we proceed further to determine the spring constant of the spring used in ...

Question 1

DNA replication can be defined as the process by which during cell division the DNA duplicates itself to several copies. In this process, the first step involves the unzipping of the double helix found in the DNA structure. This is done by the helicase enzyme, which breaks hydrogen bonds holding the DNA together. When separated the two DNA strands form a replication fork with a Y shape (Craig et al. 2014). This causes the strands to be oriented in different directions, forming the leading and the lagging strands. Once the two orientations are formed, a short RNA piece called ...

Doing a research paper in criminal law or legal matters involve a process that is distinct due to the nature of the subject. One feature that is unique in the research process is the use and consultation of legal journals and references that are written for people who are practicing the law. These materials are written in the language that are exclusively comprehensible among those who are oriented with the body of constitutions, often perceived as jargon. Hence, the familiarity with terminologies and construction of the grammar being used among the text are apparent among the scholars of the ...

A short review of the history of our company’s lessons and successes in Japan in the past 40 years should be in order before we make our recommendations for our future directions. The Japanese market is still considered to be our most demanding and competitive market such that it continues to be our test market from which we form our future business strategies for the rest of the world.
In the 1970’s we entered the Japan market by the acquisition of the Nippon Sunhome Company. The momentum in product development and marketing that we built since World ...

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) poses a serious threat to the well-being of people in different parts of the world. When the virus infects, body cells of a healthy individual, it weakens the immune system and makes an individual vulnerable to contracting to AIDS. In essence, this paper covers many aspects of the HIV virus including its pathophysiology, genomic factors, prevention, treatment, a comprehensive literature review among others.

Pathophysiology of the Disease Processes

Usually, the HIV causing virus binds itself onto cells often classified as CD4 alongside a co-receptor enclosed by a set of glycoproteins (Hammer & Squires, 2010). Notably, replication of DNA is dependent on an unreliable process, which ...

RE: Solar protection technologies

The first glass is dated back to 3500 BC. It is supposed to be manufactured in either Syria, Egypt or Mesopotamia. Since that, it spread around the Globe and now it is used everywhere form a small hermit in to a skyscraper on Manhattan.
It has been investigated for years and researchers have developed different types (for example, temper glass and antireflection glass). The glass engineers have improved the technologies and made them more efficient. Nowadays the glass frontiers lays in the field of modification: optimization of heat and light transmittance [1-3].
One of the most interesting novelties is ...

Article 1

a. The study (Balaraman & Mathew, 2006) presents the experimental investigation of cyclosporine production by Tolypocladium fungi. This is the experimental research.
b. The authors found that the maximum production of cyclosporin was significantly (at 0.05 level) higher in glucose (8%), casein acid hydrolysate (3%), malt extract (2%), peptone (1%), and amino butyric acid (0.5%), comparing to medium with lower glucose content (4%).

Article 2

a. The paper by Irum & Anjum (2012) is a full-size research paper on experimental study of methods to enhance cyclosporin by Aspergillus terreus by mutation induced by UV and chemical mutation.
b. The mutation resulted in morphological ...

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a condition caused by a progressed state of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The retrovirus can be transmitted through bodily fluids such as blood, semen, breast milk, and vaginal fluids via the bloodstream or mucous membranes (Moss; Maartens et al.; Simon et al.).
Infection by HIV typically has four stages. The first stage is acute or primary infection which may last up to a few weeks, during which the infected person may either be asymptomatic or have flu-like symptoms such as fever, rash, malaise, body aches, chills, and swollen lymph nodes. Progression of the ...

Critiquing Quantitative and Qualitative Studies

Several research techniques are available all with the aim of achieving precise data or information or data about something. Quantitative technique, sometimes referred to as true science, involves the use of mathematical and statistical methods in the analysis and drawing useful information from a specific set of data (Davies, 2009). On the other hand, qualitative is a type of technique used to study behavior and habits portrayed by humans under different environments. The critique is aimed at juxtaposing the two techniques involved in the field of research with critical analysis of the two methods.

Compare and Contrast Information

Hand hygiene especially in health care setting ...

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Innovations under conditions of uncertainty- Normative model of innovation

Introduction

Innovation is one of the most important aspects in most of the business organizations as they strive to attain their goals and objectives. It brings about changes in the traditional way of management to new and improved methods. All these methods will try to answer questions that are usually presented to managers regarding the value of the products and services offered these organizations (Davis& Scott, 2007). The need for to coming up with characteristics that can stimulate innovations is paramount to organization’s success. Furthermore there is need to provide a conducive environment where such innovators can thrive ...

Introduction

Among the most diverse organisms are bacteria. They are microscopic organism whose identification is done using a method called gram staining. Bacteria are found in different habitats. Bacteria are both harmful and beneficial to human beings. With the advancement in technology, even the finest details of these organisms can be studied. There are various types of bacteria. They differ in shape, size, function and formation. Below are a few examples.

Escherichia coli(E. Coli)

It is a bacterium that is normally found in the gut of animals that are warm blooded. It belongs to the family enterobacteriaceae. It is formed through DNA replication. It is beneficial ...

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Data requirement: Many different inputs are needed for the plan – from timelines, resources, funding, business risk and assessment, alternate sites and so on (Disaster Recovery, n.d.).
Precision, Timeliness and Completeness of Data: In the Cloud scenario the replication of data needs to be precise. Quick server recovery at alternate sites to copy production data including IP, firewalls and VLAN is critical (Online Tech, 2017).
Authorization of Data: Security remains one of the key challenges in the cloud and authorization of data becomes imperative. Information on the cloud ...

Scientific Paradigm and its Role in a Scientific Revolution

The scientific paradigm is the standardized and acceptable structure that provides a way to model problems and draw solutions to the scientists and other researchers. Paradigm provides guidelines to field members for their understanding to tackle the problem. The role of scientific paradigm in a scientific revolution is that it provides a successive transition from one paradigm to another that helps to develop a pattern of mature science. It also helps the scientific community bound their discipline to carry out research on any subject matter.

Deductive Reasoning vs. Inductive Reasoning

Scientists use multiple methods to understand and solve a problem. Inductive reasoning is one ...

THE SCIENCE OF FOOD

Cancer and nutrition – good nutrition is very important in the management of cancer and thus healthy eating habits are encouraged during this period. Tumors that develop in the stomach or intestines may, however, affect the way the body uses the food that is ingested and may not absorb all the food, although the patient may be seen to be eating enough food. The side effects that may affect eating when one has cancer include vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, mouth sores, loss of appetite among others.
Nutrition therapy is advised for cancer patients to help maintain a good quality life ...

The philosopher Plato once claimed that the purpose of education is “to ensure that the habit and aspirations of the old generation are transmitted to the younger- and then presumably to the next one after that” (Plochmann). In “Reporting Live from Tomorrow,” from his book Stumbling On Happiness, Daniel Gilbert likens this transmission of beliefs to the process of genetic replication, arguing that like bad genes, false beliefs—those which do not, in fact, contribute to an individual’s happiness—can easily become “super-replicators,” within a culture (Gilbert 171). In Julia Alvarez’s Once Upon a Quinceañera, the ...

1.0 INTRODUCTION
According to Ekelund (2014, p. 76-77), the franchisor-franchisee relationship is far more complex than the traditional supplier-retailer relationship. First, the franchisor retains the ownership of the brand or the trademark, which the traditional supplier did not over its products. Second, the relationship is subject to conflicts, directly arising from the independent power of the franchisor and the franchisee as well as the interdependence of both. These factors create a flash point in the relationship, which if not effectively managed can destroy the relationship and economically impact on each other as a consequence of the relationship.
In this ...

Managing Technological Change for XYZ Inc

First of all, it is essential to refer to the fact that the framework of dynamic capabilities is mainly oriented on the assessment of the methods and sources of wealth creation and its capturing by the private business entities, operating in the current business environments, which in turn, may be characterized by the rapid technological development, innovation and high rate of competition.
It is possible to make a statement that the competitive advantage of the XYZ Inc., operating in the market of online marketing, is mainly grounded on the set of the distinctive processes (the core ways of combining ...

Introduction

Since the development of the first computer, the technology has consistently been characterized by constant advancement. The different laws have described this; with the Bell’s Law anticipating a new technology every ten years and the Moore's laws stating that the number of transistors per chip will always double every 24 months. The advancement has resulted into pervasive computing making computing a part of everyday life.
Distributed computing is a branch of computing, where computing points of execution are located across-networked computing. this approach offers several advantages including resource sharing, reduced cost to performance ratios, portability of the software, ...

Chapter 1: The role of microevolutionary in macroevolutionary change.

Macroevolutionary changes are the major evolutions changes that occur over time, and it majorly shows the origin of the organism of a new kind of previously existing and genetically different ancestral types. On the other hand, macroevolutionary changes are the changes that occur in the gene pool or genome, of a specific species of an organism within a specific time as a result of alteration of successfully reproducing organisms in a population. Its role is mainly to show adaptations or variations, changes that occur within a group with descendants of the same ancestry allowing the best trait to be ...

The advancement in technology enabled man to create various types of intelligent robots that are now widely used by humans. These technologies, such as the evolutionary robotics, coupled with the need for people to automate daily and recurring tasks brought about the idea of creating autonomous robots. Today, intelligent robots are being beneficial in the performance of different tasks as science discovered ways to make these human creations become dependable and interactive. Needless to say, there is a shift from the previous study and design of robots from strict industrial purposes, into human friendly intents. Evolutionary robotics foresaw the ...

- The stromal cells that are found in the developing gonads of tetrapods begin from the medulla from the peritoneal wall and the cortex from inter-renal blastema or mesonephric. Hence the gonads have a dual origin.
- Spermatogenesis occurs in a syncytial complex because it involves the formation of sperm from undifferentiated cells that are first attached to rachis. Syncytial cell complex or syncytium result when cells with single nuclei fuse to for a cell with nucleus. Syncytial cell complex is vital in oogenesis in that it assists in the differentiation of cells. One other developmental model is vitellogenesis.
- ...

Overview

World Wide Advertising agency Inc. is a new company specializing in advertising. Currently, the company is hiring staff in its newly established locations New York and Los Angeles. WAI are yet to implement an IT strategy and once they do, all IT operations will be taken over by the IT department. WAI has approached me seeking a solution that describes, implement and configure core IT services within the new organization. WAI is not constrained by financial obligations and thus, require a solution that is best for their needs for the next two to three years.
It is recognized that the company’ ...

Introduction: Genetic mutations are associated with changes in the genomic sequence that are the main cause of diversity among organisms. The changes in genetic sequence can occur at any instance and are known to have different consequences. Mutations are often associated with a change that affects the nucleic acids in most organisms. Nucleic acids are considered as the building blocks of DNA. On the other hand, DNA are associated with the storage of information that is transferred to the offspring during reproduction. Mutations are associated with diversity and considered as an essential part in evolution. Genetic mutation is considered to ...

INTRODUCTION:

Canada is a friendly country that supports trading activities at its best, which is the reason Canada is recognized as a trading nation. Government of Canada has devoted abundant resources to foster trade within the country, as well as external trade. Moreover, government has carried successful negotiations of diverse trade contracts with different nations. In the intervening time, when government was just focusing on making external trade easy and possible, Canada has lost its strength over trade within the country (Pierce and Branch, 2013). Country continues to get engrossed in many internal trade barriers that created firm obstacles to carry trade ...

Under the current laws, copyrights do not necessarily prohibit all copying and replication of the original contents. It gives some exceptions under the fair use doctrine (US CODE). Such a situation has opened loopholes for illegal duplication in the name of fair duplication. The laws therefore, are not adequately formulated. It would be prudent if the doctrine of fair use is amended such that no duplication would be made without the express permission from the creator.
The law alone may not be effective as it has failed with lesser penalties for the convicts of copyrights. The penalty of the ...

Abstract:

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is hereditary material found in most organisms and carries the genetic information required to build and maintain a living organism. DNA was first discovered in the late 1800's, but it was not until scientists unraveled its structure in the 1950s that its importance in genetics and the whole field of biological sciences became realized. This paper assesses the structure, history and applications of DNA into solving real world problems in medicine, agriculture, biochemical research and forensics. DNA can replicate itself which ensures that genetic information and consequently biological traits can be passed on from one generation to ...

WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION REPORT

ABSTRACT
The process of water filtration systems is to remove impurities from a water source to create potable water in sufficient quantities to supply a municipality. In order to do this water is filtered by several different processes to remove different types of impurities. To test the efficacy of these different processes, a series of laboratory experiments was set up using the same type of materials and processes, but on a smaller scale. The data suggests that these processes are effective in removing most impurities and contaminants, However there is room for improvement and a higher quality of drinking water could be obtained ...

Microevolution refers to the change that occurs in allele frequencies as a result of natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift and mutation. Macroevolution on the other hand refers to trends, big-scale patterns and change rates in families and other more overall species’ groups. A species refers to a group of organisms that are able to interbreed giving rise to viable offspring. A population refers to organisms of the same species that have interbred and live at the same geographical location at the same time.
There are four forces that influence micro to macro evolution. These include; mutation, selection, genetic drift ...

Scientific Method

The scientific method of acquiring information is a process that involves experimentation in order to investigate observations and answer certain questions that are of interest to the researcher. Scientific method is normally used by scientists to identify causal relationships in the natural world. The difference between the Scientific method and other methods of acquiring information is that the scientific method involves well defined steps. The first step is asking a question then conducting a background research. The researcher can then construct a null and alternate hypothesis. The hypothesis constructed is tested by performing an experiment. The researcher analyses data obtained from the experiment ...

Plant and Solar cell

The sun plays an extremely vital role in sustaining the life on earth, exhibited through the emission of solar energy that aids in the cycling of matter, and maintenance of gravity (Miller & Spoolman, 2007). The solar energy reaches the earth through radiation. It flows through the biosphere, warms the atmosphere, evaporates, recycles water, generates winds and support plant growth (Miller & Spoolman, 2007). Further, the energy from the sun also supports photosynthesis, the process by which green plants use natural light to make compound such as carbohydrates that maintain their lives also feed other organisms (Miller & Spoolman, 2007). On the ...

Abstract

Small and large businesses alike are rallying to keep up with the new trends in technology. A business that is up-to-date in the implementation and usage of the various technologies offered to businesses has been a way of measuring the economic position of the company. However, computer viruses are keeping up with the every new technology that arises. This paper provides a discussion of the different functions of a computer virus and the degree of damage these viruses are able to inflict in a company’s computer system. It also looks into some well-known viruses and what damage these were able to do ...

A Personal Statement Demonstrating an Interest in Biochemistry

I have had a long-term dream of becoming a biochemist or a molecular biologist someday. I imagined myself, spending all my life doing genetic sequencing of DNA in research to discover the cure of various diseases prevalent in the world in my days. As if it was a natural conspiracy, my admission in college coincided with this dream when I was admitted in the faculty of biological science for a principal in biochemistry. My truest motivation for a place in this field of comes from the desire to contribute in the research for the cure of HIV and cancer. Back in high school, we were ...

Introduction

Biology is broad and therefore embraces various topics in life that concern living organisms. Micro biology for instance deals with the study of very small organisms that are able to reproduce and sustain their generations. This is where the study of prokaryotes comes into the scene. The contrasting organisms to prokaryotes are referred to as eukaryotes. Contrary to prokaryotes, eukaryotic organisms have complex cell structures. Biology tends to full describe the complete nature of these organisms, their feeding habits, how they reproduce and where they thrive best, that is, their habitats.

Prokaryotes are single celled organisms whose cells lack ...