Organ Transplantation Research Papers Samples For Students

Business Ethics and the Commercialization of Transplant Organs

Business Ethics and the Commercialization of Transplant Organs
Currently, commercializing organs from either deceased or living donors can be prohibited legally in many parts around the world. The objective is to prevent commercialization of organs as well as ensuring a certain level of equity in gaining access to transplantation of organs. Moreover, certain proposals presented recently suggest that some forms of compensation (for instance, direct payment, tax credit, reimbursement, or moral’ incentives like honorary medals) can be permitted and explored. An issue that emerged recently, which provides considerable attention, is public solicitation of those organs received from deceased or ...

Introduction

A lot of questions have been raised if it will be wise if the government makes the black market of organ transplant legal. The law of the land at the present makes selling of any part of the human body illegal. Black market organ transplant is a way of buying organs illegally from the willing donor to help the suffering recipient. It has gained fame due to the parity between the recipient and the donor. There are many people who are in the high need of organs, but there are few people who are willing to donate such organs. It ...

Abstract

Organ transplantation is an important life-saving procedure for those people, who have some problems in their organs. However, the problem of organ transplant rejection is an important issue in this case. In this problem, patient’s immune system starts rejecting the organ as a foreign body. This problem of rejection of the organ can be acute or become chronic. Several diagnostic procedures have also been developed to reduce the problem of rejection of an organ. Scientists have done a lot of research in this regard. Acute rejection needs immediate care. In order to reduce the problem, specialists will check the area ...

Imagine that you’re a prisoner on death row in China; it’s the day before you’re being executed. A few prison officials bring you into a room and sit you down at a table, with a crying woman on the other side. This woman, they explain to you, is the mother of a child who needs a kidney transplant of he will die. They want to use your kidney after you are executed. Upon first hearing this proposal, you are nervous and uncomfortable – you never agreed to have your organs harvested. However, they put a piece of paper in front of your face with a ...

In the United States alone, thousands of people each year die waiting for organ transplants. According to the State Department of Health and Human Services there are over 70,000 people waiting for vital organs such as kidneys, hearts, lungs, and pancreases. Each year the waiting lists increases by almost twenty percent each year, as the number of organ donors increases only at minimal ten percent at the same time. This illustrates not only nationally but globally that there is a dire need for more organ donors. Organ transplantation can be good out of tragedy, so that more people should ...

Buddhism is a religion for more than 250 million around the world. Buddha means awaken; it is more than religion as it is a way of life to the believers (Shengyan & Gildow, 2007). The Buddhists are mostly vegetarian, in Christianity it is recommended mostly to prefer vegetables as they help a lot on health matters. Some prefer one day meal that they take at midday. Christianity prefers proper diet and eating that is better for good health. Helping others out in Buddhism is purely good out of heart behavior that is acceptable and encouraged Buddhist will always take any medicine that may ...

One of the pressing concerns that still pervade contemporary societies is organ donation and transplantation. Most of the issues include addressing ethical concerns such as distributing or allocating the number of available organs to the number of waiting recipients; and accepting payments for donors of organs, to name a few. Due to the expansive issues that continue to exist in organ donation and transplantation, this particular concern remains unresolved until contemporary times. For simplicity, the argumentative issue that would be discussed in the current discourse is the issue of accepting financial remuneration for donors of organs. In current times, the ...

Introduction

The issue of organ donation is an issue that has elicited sharp reactions from many quarters. However due to lack of proper rules and regulations to govern this process people have resorted to organ trading in the ‘black’ market. Organ transplants arise when one either acquires an injury that destroys his organs or through certain illnesses that destroys some organs in the body and this will require an organ transplant to rectify this mistake. Due to technology and scientific innovations doctors worldwide are able to successfully transfer organs from one patient (donor) to another (recipient) if the doctors find ...

Values Systems in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Chapter 16: An Unlikely Donor

Background
This case study that is “An Unlikely Donor” is regarding the problem of organ selling that is widespread amongst the poor people. Organ selling is a prevalent practice in which an individual sells his or her organ in exchange of the money or other reasons. Due to poverty and other financial and economic issues the practice of organ selling is quite common in developing and under developed countries
This case study deals with the issue of organ selling. The nurse, Carole Bennet who was working in a private hospital in London while going ...

Abstract

Cirrhosis is 12th on the list of leading causes of death in the US. Cirrhosis is characterized by scarring of the liver tissue due to inflammation that could lead to liver failure and death. Some patients develop cancer in due course of the illness. The scarring, which is usually permanent, covers the outer layer with collagen, makes the liver very rigid and limits the exchange of blood between the portal vein and the liver, thereby creating excess pressure in the hepatic portal vein. The scarring renders the removal of toxin such as alcohol difficult due to depletion of hepatocytes. ...

Abstract

This paper describes and discusses the various types of human stem cells, including those in early-stage embryos (the blastocyst) and those present in adult tissue, explaining the practical uses of the various types in the medical field, where stem cells can be used to repair damaged tissue and organs. Although the adult stem cell types offer fewer possibilities for medical applications than the embryonic type, their use is less ethically controversial because it does not require destruction of a living albeit very early stage embryo. Research into stem cell applications is finding improved techniques. These include the treatment of acute ...

Abstract

Researchers have been faced with difficult moments in the past in their attempt to find a cure for HIV/AIDS. The trend that the virus takes in the human body is complicated since it stiches itself with the DNA of the host cells hence becoming part of the person. The way to eliminate or remove it from the human body without altering or killing the patient is very complex and it has not been achieved yet. However, some experiments and treatments that involve the use of therapy and stem cells transplantation have proved to be the way forward towards the eradication ...

Abstract

The research paper deals with the problem of Merkel cell carcinoma, chief peculiarities, and the possibility of medical treatment. Disease signs and symptoms are highlighted in the opening and subsequent paragraphs of the paper. The pathophysiology, etiology, manifestations, possible complications, and disease treatment are the focal point of the research paper. The research is based on the opinions of the finest subject-field experts, such as professors, doctors, and scientists.
Keywords: Merkel cell carcinoma, medical treatment, disease, complication, cure
Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer usually caused by polyomavirus. Scientists and doctors have not managed to ...

Brittani Scott

Introduction
Sickle-cell disease is an illness that is multisystem, linked to episodes of progressive damage of organ and acute illness, and is among the most common dangerous monogenic disorders in the world (Weatherall, Hofman, Rodgers, Ruffin, & Hrynkow, 2005). The sickle-shape erythrocytes were initially described in the year 1910 by Herrick (Herrick, 1910) and understanding has slowly increased from that time. Together with his colleagues, Pauling (1949) keyed out electrophoretic abnormalities in sickle HbS and made up the word molecular disease in the year 1949. The genetics, as well as biophysics of hemoglobin behind the disease, have been widely ...

For meeting the organizational objectives, vision and mission statements, companies need to develop strategic plans, which implies knowing the internal and the external working environment. The internal and external environmental factors that influence companies’ organizational strategy is called the SWOT analysis, an acronym standing for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (Deb, 2006).
For National Healthcare Centre of Urological Diseases and Transplantation organization the SWOT analysis identifies if the company has the strategy and resources to reach its objective and stick to vision, both comprised in its mission statement:
“Serve humanity with the excellence in providing valued services ...

According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can generate other cells which makes up specialized organs and tissues in living organisms. Stem cells are of two major types namely; adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are found inside an embryo that is in its earliest developmental stage i.e. blastocyst, these stem cells eventually give rise to the adult organisms. The adult cells helps in the regeneration of worn out tissues and are located in some of the tissues in the body of living things e.g. the intestine lining, the skin’ ...

Indeed, in the recent years, there is upsurge proliferation technology in the societies to overcome numerous obstacles of space and time, that is, the use of cars, airplanes, and the internet. For sure, these technologies have enable people across the globe to comprehend and understand diverse cultures, meet individuals from other parts of the world and continents, strengthen and maintain relationships, make effective communications regarding their daily events in addition to making people to become more articulated and socially adept. The proliferation of technologies has been viewed extensively by many people in the world. Some conservatives see the use ...

MANAGEMENT OF ASCITES IN MALE ADULT PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS

(Name of Student)

For the Degree of

(DEGREE)
(NAME OF SCHOOL)

ABSTRACT
Ascites, the most common liver cirrhosis complication, affected approximately 85% of liver cirrhosis patients in the United States in the last 10 years. The development of ascites signifies an important landmark in the disorder that is associated with a 50% mortality rate (Gines, Quintero, Arroyo, Teres et al, 1987). It also indicates a need for liver transplantation as a surgical treatment. In UK, the true incidence and prevalence of ascites may be unknown, but its mortality has rate has increased to 12.7/100000 from 6/100000 (Fisher, Hanson, Phillips et al 1993-2000).
The ...

Introduction

One needs to at least have a certain level of cultural understanding in order to be fully sensitive a bout its environment and religion to which he/she is leaving in. In this paper, I am going to deal on how Islam understands health and they also compare it with science as far as there ethics is concerned. (Ullmann, M, 88). There social implications will also be given broader view. The Islam physicians will also through this paper learn on how to carry out their duties and at the same time ensuring that the Islamic medical ethics are followed to the latter. ( ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Introduction
Cirrhosis is caused by liver injury that results in fibrogenesis and inflammation. These problems result in collapse of liver structures and significant distortion of hepatic vascular structure. This distortion leads to elevated resistance to portal blood flow as well as portal hypertension. Moreover, hepatic synthetic dysfunction is also caused as a result of these problems. Clinically, liver cirrhosis is considered as an end-stage disease that could result in death until liver transplantation is performed (Tsochatzis, Bosch, & Burroughs, 2014).
Liver cirrhosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in most of the developed countries. In ...

The law in most of the countries has prohibited the sale of body organs. Although the organs are considered the property of an individual, the government still control and determine if they can sell their organs at choice (Atkinson & Sargent, 2007). The US government allows hospitals to harvest organs of dead individuals if their family does not claim them. However, in countries such as Spain, the government has allowed hospitals to harvest organs from the dead by enacting a law that allows hospitals to harvest organs from the dead unless the person had left a will prohibiting the harvest. ...

Abstract

The medical profession in recent years has been on the forefront in making sure that the care given to patients is in line with the conventional methodologies of health care. Additionally, the care given to the patients must aim at improving the well-being of the patients without putting the lives of these patients in danger. Moreover, the care given apart from being scientifically sound, it has to be ethical and legal. However, other alternative techniques have proved to be useful in taking care of different ailments affecting patients. These complimentary methods not only aim at healing a patient but ...

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Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease is a life-long debilitating disease that affects nearly 100,000 Americans (Sickle Cell Disease). Sickle Cell Disease is most common among people of African, Caribbean, Indian, Mediterranean, Saudi Arabian and people of Central and South American descent. Many scientists attribute Sickle Cell Disease to being the result of an evolutionary response against malaria (University of Utah Health Sciences) The reason for this is because the majority of cases of Sickle Cell Disease are located in regions of Africa or exist in descendants of Africans who used to live in areas that had high levels of ...

Introduction

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an infection that affects the heart muscles and causes thickening of the muscle walls (Maron, 2012). Often, thickening occurs at the septum region, below the valves of the aorta and between the ventricles. In some cases, there is bulging of the thickened septum into the left ventricle. When blockage of the ventricle occurs, blood is not able to flow out of the ventricles, particularly the left ventricle. Ventricular blockage implies that the ventricle must be strained in order to allow circulation of blood to the other parts of the body via muscular heart pumping. In addition, ...

Human life is influenced by the creations that occur naturally in the environment and by the creations of human beings. There are various theories and explanations that seek to debunk how natural occurring phenomena are created, ranging from scientific approaches to religious believes. The range of theories and explanations however, in creation becomes broader when dealing with human creativity. Human creativity is a phenomenon exhibited by the creation of something new, either as a derivative of another or completely new (Mumford, 2003). Creativity has influenced human life since the early ages. Due to the wide field involved in creativity, there are a ...

BSN4002 - Apr 08 2013 to Jun 14 2013 - Section 04

Part I: Community/State Demographics
With a population of almost six million, Maryland is the 19th most-populated state in the United States. In 2010, the median household income of Maryland residents was $70,647; however, 8.6 percent of Maryland residents live in poverty (Maryland Vital Statistics Administration, Division of Health Statistics, 2010). Maryland’s income statistics are well below the national rate of 15.1 percent – yet the state’s poverty rate has increased by 12.5 percent from 2009 to 2010, the subject period of the annual census report. Maryland was named the wealthiest state by the United States Census Department ...

The heart is one of the vital organs in a human body. This is the organ that determines the functionality of the other organism through supply of nutrients and oxygen, and removal of waste products from the body. Once the organ is affected or becomes ineffective, the individual will suffer a number of problems encompassing all the body system. One of the worst heart problems that an individual may develop is congestive heart failure (CHF). The condition renders heart muscles incapacitated to pump blood to the rest of the body. Ideally, the problem start from one side of the heart (left ...

Hypertension, the chronic elevation of blood pressure, results in enhanced morbidity and mortality in the long run. However, researchers are not unanimous about the pathophysiology of hypertension. Studies over the years reveal that between 2 to 5 percent patients face elevated blood pressures because of underlying adrenal or renal disease. Rest of the patients, nonetheless, do not exhibit any clear and identifiable reason for the malady.
This statistics has well persuaded medical practitioners and researchers to acknowledge the role of multiple factors that might play varying roles in different patients of hypertension. Some of the most researched factors include ...

Introduction

Antibiotics are a class of drugs that are mostly used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Uncountable bacteria live in various parts the human body. These include the gut, skin, mouth and throats (Gelband et. al, 2015). Some of these bacteria are harmless. However, there are others that are pathogenic (disease causing) and can cause infections. These infections are known as bacterial infections and doctors prescribe antibiotics as mode of treatment.
Antibiotics were introduced in 1940 and since then they have been significant to modern medicine. The core role of antibiotics was to treat infections caused by bacteria. However, ...

The purpose of this paper is to review the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, inheritance patterns, and recent advances in disease management of cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a progressive and lethal disease resulting from an autosomal recessive gene (Singh, Rebordosa, Bernholz, & Sharma, 2015). The major problem associated with cystic fibrosis is the repeated lung infections that over time severely damage the lungs, scar and widen the passageways and limit the ability to breathe (Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, n.d.). As of 2013, there are an estimated 70,000 cystic fibrosis patients globally with 33,000 of them in the United States ( ...

Cruetzfeldt Jacob Syndrome (CJD) is a fatal disease affecting humans and is caused by infectious proteins called prions. It belongs to transmissible spongiform encephalomyelitis group of diseases. The disease occurs from the accumulation of prions PrSc that damages the brain cells. CJD can occur in a hereditary form or as an acquired form. The hereditary form results from a dominant mutation affecting prion protein gene (PrP). CJD is a communicable disease. Acquired infection occurs through iatrogenic transmission from hospital. Contaminated instruments used in surgery’s are an important cause for transmission in iatrogenic infection. The disease can also be ...

Introduction

As many firms continue to expand into multinational corporations, they begin to understand that business environments have their differences. What may be essential and common in their home country could be a taboo in another region. Therefore, it is critical first to assess the political, social, legal, and economic factors of a promising market before establishing a branch in the area. This essay sheds light on the usefulness of assessing business environments by deriving ideas from several articles that indicate the diversity in legal processes in various regions. The litigation procedures are fundamental to a firm so that it ...

The following description of the renal unit consists of the system characteristics, inputs, throughput, output, system cycles, and negative feedback (Meyer & O’Brien-Pallas, 2010; Glenister, 2011). The renal unit at the University of Texas Hospital provides renal services and dialysis for the people of Texas State.
The unit has 30-bed capacity for inpatient purposes and a ten-chair dialysis unit for outpatient clients. It caters for patients services such as dialysis, kidney disease care, plasma exchange services, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplant services to patients suffering from renal failure, kidney disease, lupus nephritis, and sickle cell disease. The unit’s ...

HCV or Hepatitis C virus infection has over 5 million people affected in US (Chak, et al., 2011) and over 120 million people worldwide hence a global health problem. This virus belongs to Hepacivirus genus and Flaviviridae family (Lindenbach, et al., 2007) with six genotypes and with more than seventy subtypes. In approximately 85% infected individuals it may be unresolved, hence representing a significant hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis cause. It is viewed as commonest cirrhosis cause and chronic liver disease in the world. It also represents the main liver transplantation cause in USA, Europe, and Australia (Thimme, et ...

Abstract

The current antiretroviral drugs have been efficient in the management of HIV by suppressing the virus's replication. It has, therefore, helped in changing this virus from a deathly disease to a chronic infection. The utilization of extremely active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) calls for a lifetime prescription to prevent viral rebound by reducing the viral load to undetectable low levels. This high maintenance of treatment and the various side effects of the drugs and non-HIV related morbidity have led to the need for a better form of therapy. There has been an extensive study on stem cell manipulation done to develop gene therapy ...

Racial discrimination remains an ongoing experience for a minority group in the America, despite the enactment of the civil right act that declared the racial discrimination illegal. Not only is the perception of racial bias damaging socially, but also new evidence indicates that the experience of racism may be detrimental to health care in the America. Currently, the racial groups are constructed to demonstrate the diversity in status, power, and resources. Racial classification is mainly experienced within the US context, African-American have been on the bottom while whites remain on top. Racism is reflected via the idea that inferiority is ...

Personal identity has been variously defined. It mainly deals with matters that are connected to ourselves based on the idea of our being people. There is a broad literature of personal identity both in the Western, and Eastern philosophy and discussions have emerged in the recent past on our identity over the years. The concept of personal identity in psychology relied significantly on the version of relational memory criterion by Locke. The relational theory raised many objections. The theory argued that memory presupposes identity such that past experiences play an important role in a person’s identity. However, since 1970s, debates ...

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurological disorder. It affects approximately 1% of individuals over the age of 60 years. It cases a form of disability which is progressive. However, the disability can be slowed down but not halted by treatment (Hauser, 2013). Neuropathology findings in the disease include the loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons in the region of the substantia nigra pas compacts. There is also the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites (Lee et al, 2009). In most cases of Parkinson’s disease, a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors has been implicated in the evolution of the ...

1.0 Introduction
Hemophilia refers to a sex linked recessive, hereditary lifelong bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or lack of a vital blood-clotting factor. The disorder is therefore associated with excessive and often spontaneous bleeding of mainly internal organs. While hemophilia A is associated with the partial or lack of factor VIII, hemophilia B is a deficiency of factor IX. Without considering the type and severity, there is 1 reported case in every 5000 male births and 1 severe case in every 10,000 male births. Suffice to say that hemophilia A is referred to as the classical hemophilia because it is ...

I have been placed into the community renal clinic at St. Joseph’s Health Centre, Toronto. The centre provides its services with a help of a renal management clinic, 15 hemodialysis stations and offers peritoneal dialysis care. St. Joseph’s is also a teaching hospital, which commits to foster a healthy community by working with it in a close partnership. Its underlying goal is to serve, engage and raise the awareness about the disease so that the health of patients, their families and communities as a whole can be enhanced (St. Joseph’s, 2011).
The community renal clinic makes a focus on a strategy, which can ...

The contribution of African Americans in the medical industry dates back to a very recent past. This was greatly contributed by the fact that most slaves from Africa did not have a chance to receive formal education and the laws that were set aside contributed to their low literacy levels. Their limited education shut their efforts down and the jobs they were supposed to engage in were limited by their low education. This is why they did not contribute much to the society of medicine in the past.
Even with the lesser chances to having a formal education, they never lost ...

Abstract:

Medicine and science had always maintained a steady flow of debates by the beginning of the 20th century with the ongoing increase of diseases, and virus mutations keeping up with the modern technology. Medicines had to be updated regularly to ensure that mutations would not influence a person’s sickness and overall health. It is common to see various medical procedures claiming that they can cure a disease or complication without the need to pay medicines regularly. One of these offerings is known as stem cell treatment, which uses stem cells to repair damage tissues or cure diseases. While the preliminary studies ...

Stem Cell Research

Stem cells are possess the ability to develop into different cell types in the body. They can also serve as a repair mechanism, dividing several times to replenish damage tissue. Stem cells are unspecialized cells, which can renew themselves through cell division, sometimes, even after a long period of inactivity. Stem cells can also be induced, under physiologic or experimental conditions to produce tissue specific or organ specific cells (News Medical, 2012).
Embryonic stem cells are stem cells derived from the early stage of division of human embryos shortly after fertilization. They are isolated from the inner cell mass of ...

Cloning has been a particularly intriguing experiment over the years, involving acutely essential milestones and crucial researches. Many hypotheses have been generated; some accepted and others refuted. On 5 July 1996, a domestic ewe, Dolly was born by lan Wilmut and his colleagues. Dolly was the first animal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell (McLaren, 1775). Initially, people, inclusive of scientist, did not believe that somatic cell from an adult individual, could be used to generate a new individual through cloning. However, with the emergence of Dolly, the ideology was disapproved, and, it was with clear conscious that genes could ...

Abstract

Stem cells research and particularly stem cell research is an area that has continually stirred up moral, spiritual and cultural dilemmas. Several arguments have been advanced both for and against stem cell research even as advances that are being made in the field of stem cell research continually evolve making it closer to becoming a widely practiced scientific application. Stem cells are widely studied because of their inherent ability to be renewed and regenerated in addition to their ability to adapt to different environments. Some of the benefits of stem cell research are: stem cells can be used in the ...