Essays on Precedent

What does the court mean when it says "Stare decisis is not an inexorable command; rather it is a principle of policy and not a mechanical formula of adherence to the latest decision"? Stare decisis is a Latin word that means to stand by what has already been decided. Therefore, in criminal law it is defined as the adherence of the current court system with the principles that has already been established by previous court decisions or rulings. In other words, it can be stated to be a principle of policy. Hence, it promotes reliance on the judicial ...

Lord Gardiner’s statement is a wonderful example of legislators recognizing that precedent may stifle the appropriate outcome in a legal dispute. Comparisons can be made between other Western countries; for example, the US Supreme Court has reversed precedent that it set itself decades prior, such as the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education. Just like these countries, Lord Gardiner believed that Britain should not limit itself to decisions based solely on decisions in the past because the modern day situations that arise often require a more complex and systematic methodology for determining justice. In addition, but not ...

In terms of judicial interpretation, the fact of the matter is that there is no one “proper” way to interpret the Constitution; there is a wrong way to interpret it. Moreover, as all judges are human, there is no way that a judge can or will be able to separate completely, who they are and, as Justice Sotomayor said, their “background and experiences,” from their judicial decision-making. For example, an African American or Latino judge that has been profiled by a police officer during their youth must necessarily have a different interpretation of the parameters of the Fourth Amendment ...

Chapter 3: The Case of Barr v. Goldberg

The answer to the question of whether the cases from New Jersey, Michigan, Oregon are precedent depends on whether the trial judge is sitting in a federal court in Nevada or a Nevada State court. If it is a federal court, then the Oregon case would most likely be precedent whereas the Michigan and New Jersey cases would be persuasive. The reason for this is that the court system at the federal level is in essences, the same court divided into 13 circuits or regions that span the whole country. In other words, all federal courts apply federal law, ...

Introduction

There are several options open to Acme Fireworks. As a sole proprietorship, the owner is able to hire employees. The biggest benefit of a sole proprietorship is the easiness of dealing with taxes and the easiness of running the business. There are some drawbacks to being a sole proprietorship, such as the fact that the owner is personally liable for any legal situation that arises through various contracts or business deals (Dishman, 2010). The owner of Acme Fireworks should strongly consider upgrading his sole proprietorship because the business contracts appear like they may be permanent; regardless, as Acme is ...

The goal of this essay is to compare the two opinions of people, both influential and respected in the period of the World War II in the United States, Henry Luce, the well-known publisher, and Justice Robert H. Jackson. Before the two documents are compared it is needed to state that the historical context, the WWII, must be taken into consideration in the examination of these opinions. What is common in two opinions is the perception of the United States as a great nation with its strong understanding of democracy and corresponding rights and liberties the democratic culture is ...

The primary objective for the formation of the European Economic Community (ECC) was to create a common market to enhance the achievement of a trading advantage over other Atlantic states. The member states hoped that the move would spur growth by promoting marketing scale and capitalizing on specialization among the member states. However, the ECC faced many technicalities when creating a common market due to lack of strategic decision-making structures and protectionist attitude adopted by members. It was especially difficult to remove barriers and enforce common trade regulation. For a common market to have some effect, freedom of capital, ...

The case of G.G. ex rel. Grimm v. Gloucester City Sch. Bd. sets an important precedent in the gender identity of the transgender persons and the treatment they should receive in public facilities. In this case, the applicant was born a male, but began to transition to a female in his teens. The main issue of determination in an appeal is whether denying a male transgender access to boy’s bathroom could be construed to be a form of discrimination falling under Title IX protection. As of now, the issue is limited to use in public bathrooms, but will ...

Introduction

The Chinese real estate market is currently experiencing a bubble in growth as investors rush to acquire real estate property both within and outside the country. As such, there is a need for effective communication platforms to facilitate the frequent talks and negotiations between China and other countries to take care of the increasing numbers of Chinese investors who want to purchase or invest in real estate properties overseas. In most cases, these negotiations crumble because of the lack of understanding as the buyer and the seller speak two different languages, hence a communication malfunction (Bogucki & Deckert, 2012). Therefore, ...

The case known as “New York Times Company v. United States” or “Pentagon Papers Case” took place in 1971, when the United States of America was involved in the war with North Vietnam. Some documents of the Defense Department, related to the US activities in Vietnam and presenting the documents of national security, leaked into press. The New York Times and Washington Post wanted to post them, relying on the First Amendment, declaring the freedom of the press. However, the government tried to prohibit the publication, stating that the First Amendment doesn’t provide an absolute freedom of the ...

Business Law: Case Analysis

Business Law: Case Analysis Bank of New York Mellon Trust v. Morgan Stanley Mortgage 14-2619 (2016) The facts of this case in brief are that the plaintiff Bank alleged that the defendant had breached its contract with it involving a mortgage loan agreement. The defendant on the other hand alleged that they were not obliged contractually to repurchase the mortgage due to the fact that the contract was vitiated by misrepresentation. The background of the case is that the parties entered into an agreement a mortgage loan agreement and the defendant then defaulted on the loan and the bank ...

Introduction

There are several sources of law available in the legal practice, while the role of the judicial precedents is the most important one in the common law systems as the United Kingdom. In fact, all legal systems attempt to follow previously accepted judicial opinions as judicial precedents for creation the similar pattern around the dispute or particular case. In terms of the legal framework existing in the United Kingdom, the notion and nature of the judicial precedent should be considered as this particular jurisdiction is familiar with the doctrine of the binding precedent as the source of law and ...

Living in the United States it is easy to imagine our current system of law has not only been in use indefinitely, but also that it is a universally accepted system. Often we forget that our law system has a unique history, as do the law systems of many other countries. Historically, law systems have dictated not only what constitutes a crime and the punishment for that crime, but also legal proceedings, dress codes and other accoutrements of law. The historical legal systems of Common law, Hindu Law and Roman Law all have various similarities and differences, as well ...

A Brief Overview of the Juvenile Justice System

The Juvenile Justice System is dominated by interpretation, beginning with what a juvenile is within our legal system. Dealing with such a large and important social group within our society it has gained importance through our judicial history. The basis of the system is to provide protection for those who have yet to gain the full protection of the laws as adults. In the age of social media, its role has expanded. Being a part of the judiciary system it is affected by case law and precedent as it continues to grow as a shield for those young people ...

US Supreme Court

The US Supreme Court is the highest court in the federal State of America. The court’s mission is to arbitrate and interpret the law in all constitutional and legal matters arising in the country and also to guide in the implementation of the supreme law of the country (Hansford, Thomas & Spriggs 2). In the criminal justice system, the organization is supposed to interpret laws pertaining to criminal law and apply the spirit and requirements of justice so as to achieve justice. The organization is headed by the office of the chief justice; the current officeholder is John G. ...

The giant technology company, Apple and the Federal Bureau of Investigation were involved in a fight that gathered attention from all over the world. The standoff regards the breaking of an encryption of the terrorist responsible for the San Bernardino attack. The government claimed that unlocking the phone was important in their investigation of the family and the terrorist group he may have been involved in. Apple declined the request to create a backdoor for the encryption since it would be a violation of privacy. However, the government would consistently insist that it would use the backdoor tool only ...

Part 1: Research Proposal

Introduction The Constitution has always protected the privacy of citizens, but the increased advancement of technology is becoming a threat. Technology is threatening to redefine the privacy of individuals for it to operate efficiently. One of the inventions that have collided with the individual expectations of privacy, which are protected by the Fourth Amendment, is drones. These devices can be used for surveillance (especially against terrorism) and aid in the achievement of the requirements of the Patriot Act. The drones can capture high-resolution images and videos from a distance and transmit them to the source. The American citizens fear ...

Abstract

This paper examines the case of Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency, a 5-4 Supreme Court decision that combined the substantive, environmental law question of whether the Environmental Protection Agency erred in its initial decision not to regulate greenhouse gas emissions for motor vehicles with the procedural issue of whether states, cities, and environmental organizations had legal standing (defined as the right to use the courts as opposed to Congress to force governmental action) for the environmental claims at issue in the case. This paper begins with a brief overview of the political, legal, and cultural context for assessing the ...

The traditional image of Julius Caesar, whether in the popular imagination, or in the many dramas based on his life starting from William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar up to HBO’s series Rome, and even in many scholarly histories of Rome, presents a rather unflattering image of the man. However, this image is far from the truth. Julius Caesar is traditionally presented as a tyrant and a dictator who sought to become king, and who destroyed the republic of Rome because of his ambition to be King. Yet, Caesar, it seems was none of these things. While he may ...

LMRQ 1

1. The common law is derived from judicial decisions rather than statutory authority (Morris, Cournoyer, and Marshall, 2008, p. 6). Statutory law, on the other hand, is law that is made through legislation (Morris, Cournoyer, and Marshall, 2008, p. 6). 2. Common law is built on legal precedents from case law (Morris, Cournoyer, and Marshall, 2008, p. 6). The legal precedent of a previous case helps to guide a judge in rendering a decision with similar legal issues and facts. Sometimes legal precedent becomes outdated and antiquated as the needs of society change. When precedent is inconsistent with the ...

In the case of Oregon v. Guzek, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the eighth amendment to the U.S constitution does not warrant the accused in a criminal trial the right to present evidence during the verdict stage that had not been presented in the trial stage (Americabar.org). The ruling had the impact of extending the jurisprudence to individual state courts that had prior to the ruling been allowed to make an individual determination concerning the introduction of mitigating evidence during the sentencing stage (Knowmyrights.org). The ruling of the case had implications not only for the ...

What are the links to the two sources reviewed?

The major link between the sources reviewed is the issue as to whether the United States government can force an information technology provider - in this case Apple - to develop a decryption code specific to one particular mobile phone. The model, the iPhone5C, in question belonged to one of the main perpetrators of the San Bernardino, California massacre on December 2, 2016, (Berman & Nakashima, 2016). The assault was the largest terrorist attack on U.S. territory since September 11, 2001. What is the subject of these two articles and how are they related to one or more of the ...

Sanctions are complex middle-ground responses that are often intertwined with party politics. Sanctions are employed when diplomatic talks are not enough to reach a consensus between two states, especially in critical situations that require immediate solutions to prevent armed conflict. At the same time, sanctions are also used because deployment of military strength is not appropriate to the situation or use of arms is likely to hasten rather than prevent conflict. Effectiveness of sanctions hinges on the determination of the appropriate sanctions and obtaining sufficient support for the sanctions from within the ranks of government. Partisan politics often determine ...

The abundance of campaign finance laws and regulations demonstrates an attempt to equalize the potential impact of wealthy contributors influencing politics. A person who is wealthy can provide generous monetary contributions to the candidate of their choice and in return, that candidate supports positions and policies that are beneficial to that individual. A person of low or moderate financial means cannot afford to make sizeable contributions to influence legislation. The problem that contributions create is that the elite rather than the people end up controlling politics and implementing policies that may be unfavorable to the masses, but benefit the ...

The text authored by Sommerville expounds on the historical and current use of the term queer in society. The term itself is relatively new, and it is stated that it only first appeared in the English language in the late 16th century and possibly borrowed from other German words.(188). The word, in my mind, as I have heard used is usually in two contexts. The first defines anything that deviates away from the norm and typically has no negative connotation. The second definition and relevant in this text study are its use in a derogatory manner to refer ...

In analyzing and identifying the federal guidelines, including statutory, case law, and APA standards for psychological tests, the need to account for basic ethical and moral principles is evident in the professional practices of evaporators. This presents the need to establish an understanding of the basic priorities of these statutes. In this sense, it is essential to have “a thorough knowledge of professional statutory regulations and current legal standards upon which forensic testimony may be based” (Kalambach & Lyons, 2006, p. 263). Looking at the various elements that are necessary in these cases presents the basic priorities of the guidelines ...

Business goals are primarily geared towards attaining financial gains. Other factors weigh heavily in ensuring the success of a business undertaking such as the organizational capability, management competency and market improvement strategies. Beyond these success factors, however, one aspect of running a business that is crucial in determining the performance of the business in the long term is business ethics or the application of moral theories in making business decisions. Business ethics refer to the adoption of proper business policies and practices concerning potentially controversial issues, such as corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility and fiduciary ...

Under the Constitution, the legislative branch checks the power of the executive branch in four fundamental ways: advise and consent relative to presidential nominations; control of the federal budget (U.S. Const. art. I § 7-8); the ability to pass legislation and override the President’s veto (U.S. Const. art. I § 7); and power to remove the President from office through impeachment proceedings (U.S. Const. art. I § 3). In the case of the judicial branch, the Constitution allows the court to determine the constitutionality of the executive branch’s actions. (U.S. Const. art. III § 2).

How does the doctrine of stare decisis contribute to the interpretation of common law?

Consistent with the common law tradition, ...

In the recent past, there has been a growing trend whereby college students are seeking protection from words that they do not like in the name of safeguarding their emotional wellbeing. This is a dangerous trend and if left unchecked it may destroy education in America. Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt examine the implications of overprotecting students from unintentional microaggressions in their article: “The Coddling of the American Mind.” Lukianoff and Haidt argue that gagging instructors from using words deemed discriminatory virtually on any basis would prevent critical thinking and set a dangerous precedent for America’s education system ...

HL has a multiplicity of complications all which are attributed to his lifestyle. HL has a history of drug abuse and his list of medication all but indicates that his drug abuse lifestyle has had a significant impact on his general health, his body systems and his body organs. HL could probably be having Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension (Cárdenas, 2014). The Cirrhosis could be as a result of alcohol consumption which has then the damage of his liver and probably gastric varices which is a precedent of Hepatitis C condition he already harbors. The gastric varices has led ...

Contact Details

Abstract This paper makes and effort to present how the role and the social status of the women changed from the start of the twentieth century to the end . How the women participated in the world affairs and ultimately became a progressive force in the modern society.

The Changing Role of Women

The 21st Century represents an era with a tremendous amount of rhetoric regarding persecution, and/ or myopic bigotry. The obvious irony is that the roughly 200 nations on Earth, roughly 905 of them have established constitutions or commitments to the rights and privileges of their citizens (Chafe & Chafe, 1991). Although established in ...

Where the national law of a European Union (EU) member state conflicts with the norms of EU law; the national law must give way. Put another way, EU law is primary to or supreme over the domestic laws it members. Although the Treaty of Rome, which created the EU, does not specifically state the primacy of EU law; the European Court of Justice’s (ECJ) early interpretation of a number of the treaty’s provision focusing on the conflict between EU and domestic law has led to the common belief and continuing precedent of the supremacy of EU law. ...

Question 1

In the first instance, the case was heard in Melbourne. Regarding the nature of dispute Willet had been a Senior Detective Constable and worked at the Victorian Police Force. She suffered from a depressive disorder that was depressive because she had been subjected to harassment and bullying when working at the police force. She was awarded damages amounting to $106,000 by the jury to compensate have for losing the enjoyment of life and suffering. After appealing to the Supreme Court, the damages were increased to $250,000.Medical evidence showed that the harassment and bullying contributed to Willet's mental ...

Sources of Law and areas of Law in Common Law Countries

Notion of common law and its features Common law has its origin in XI century and now exists in the USA, Canada, UK, Australia, New Zealand. This system law is regarded uncodified and is based on the case law as the main source of the interpretation of the rules. This statement implies that cases considered by the courts in the previous years should be respected and taken by the followers as the examples of notorious behavior accepted by the society. Therefore, the system of common law accepts the pivotal role of the precedent in the society. Besides, the common ...

Abstract

The presidency of George.W. Bush has been one of the most criticized and controversial of all American presidencies. Although he is known widely for his misadventures in the war against terror, Bush enacted some important domestic and international policies that has had wide reaching impacts on the foreign policy and the economy of the country. An assessment of his policies on war, education, healthcare, immigration and humanitarian efforts portray of picture of a president who took tough decisions during difficult times. Some of his decisions were criticized heavily and led to a dip in his popularity ratings and some are still ...

The article revolves around Senate Bill 116, which addresses the concealment of firearms without a permit in New Hampshire. The bill would attempt to legally allow individuals to do this without recourse from the law. The law is essentially a push towards less strict gun control laws, in an attempt to remove restrictions on those who wish to carry their firearms in the public sector. This issue is the underlying element in the articles that present the problem in light of the legal struggles. These struggles are between those who value public safety and those who value freedom to carry firearms.

...

The scenario as set out in the question is one that has to be looked into keenly, critically identifying and isolating the various relevant events that directly or indirectly impact on the relevance and admissibility of evidence discovered and/or obtained at a crime scene. This paper intends to identify the relevant events with regards to the collection and/or obtaining of evidence relevant to the scenario and state whether each piece of evidence obtained is admissible or inadmissible; and backing up the various arguments with the relevant provisions of the United States Constitution, case law and statutory positions on the subject ...

Investigation of the United Nations (UNESCO) World Heritage Convention

Over the Temple of Preah Vihear ABSTRACT

The research in this scholastic investigation intended verifying if the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Convention practices indeed contributed to the conflict already occurring between Thailand and Cambodia over contested border and who has sovereignty over the ancient Temple of Preah Vihear and found the existing literature more than ample proving this. With public, legal, and academic reports, the actions of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee proves it irresponsibly and with direct circumvention of its own protocols inappropriately named Cambodia with inscription on its Heritage ...

- Identify and discuss the various functions of law. Why are these functions important from a business’s or corporate perspective? Provide examples

The law is defined as a set of rules that governs a society. The rules are in most cases enforced by threat of penalty. In essence, the law helps in regulations which help in governing the conduct handling disputes and dealing with criminal activities. The law performs numerous roles in both the society and in the business world. These roles are classified into three broad sections which include the criminal and civil law, Substantive and Procedural Law and public and private Law.

Criminal and civil law

This law enables the public, government authorities prosecute the public commitment of crimes. On the other hand, the civil ...

There are various occasions whereby issues are settled outside the courtroom. Alternative dispute resolution typically entail negotiation, mediation and arbitration. Alternative dispute resolution refers to the various techniques for resolving conflicts using a neutral third party, outside the courtroom. It is worth noting that alternative dispute resolution is strategically put into practice based in the enforcement negotiation. These strategies have proved useful in settling issues. In most cases, individuals choose the process because it is quicker and less expensive compared to formal litigation. The opposing parties under alternative dispute resolution tend to maintain the cordial relationship and give room for ...

- This case problem pertains to the right to protest, petition and assembly. These are rights safeguarded by the First Amendment of constitution.

- Various legal rules apply to this section of media laws. Firstly, the constitution protects all forms of expression in traditional ‘public forums’. These include parks, streets and sidewalks. Expression is protected in other locations that are opened up by the government for unrestricted public speech. These locations of unrestricted public speech include areas such as the plazas or space in front of federal buildings. Picketing in traditional ‘public forums’ is also protected by ...

1. In Judy Rebick’s essay The Culture of Overwork, her purpose is effectively to re-examine the cultural norms of ‘overwork,’ defined here as a pattern of workaholic behavior characterized by long hours, high stress, guilt at unfinished work, etc. Judging the essay by standards of completeness and the relevance of the essay’s support, Rebick’s essay is somewhat solid, though there could be further support and elaboration on her part to further prove the inherent ethical and physical problems with overwork, as well as finding solutions for the problem.

In her arguments, Rebick makes use of ...

Question 1

Regarding payment of legal services lawyers may select from one of the four arrangements of payment which comprise of rates divided according to an hourly, contingency, flat and retainer basis with a contingent, flat and retainer payment arrangement as the most commonly used. With contingency payment arrangement entailing an agreement between the client and the lawyer for taking of a specified percentage of the settlements; that are monetary as well as receiving damages payment from a case. These types of fees are normally charged in civil lawsuits instance in the case of medical malpractice as well as litigation in personal injury with ...

The decision taken by the Court of Special Appeals was to reverse the judgment that had been previously made in the case of Hovnanian Land Investment Group vs. Annapolis Towne Centre. The intermediate court had made the decision by determining that that the existence of a “non-waiver” clause was not dispositive for the waiver inquiry, the determination is a factual one which requires resolution of inferences and disputes. Taking the judgment positively the court was able to and the legal principles in which the court made its decision was the existence of waiver clauses. This judgment was also beneficial in ...

Business law

The tradition of common law emerged during the middle ages in England and was applied across continents within colonies. The common law is based on judicial decisions and exemplified in the reports of previously decided cases which has continually been administered by the English courts of common-law since the Middle Ages. The common law is largely uncodified; implying that there is no ample compilation of legal statutes and rules. Although it relies on some disseminated statutes; legislative decisions, the common law is heavily founded on precedent. This implies the judicial decisions which have been made in previous cases. The ...

Statutory interpretation is the process by which courts and judges give meaning to enacted legislation and consequently apply it to a particular case. In the English as well as the Wales legal system, the doctrine of separation of powers prevails whereby Parliament is the supreme law maker. The Executive is charged with the responsibility of implementing the legislation as passed by Parliament while the Judiciary is the final arbiter which interprets legislation as enacted by Parliament. Thus, in tandem with the doctrine of separation of powers, the courts must keep within their ambit and ensure they do not arrogate to ...

There are two main categories of contracts. These are written and oral contracts. Jones and Nussbaum had a valid contract that is enforceable. It is vital to note that all contracts whether made orally or written are enforceable if they are valid. Therefore, the agreement between Jones and Nussbaum was enforced breach which entitles the innocent party to redress. The facts in issue in this case are whether Nussbaum is entitled to be compensated for doing work that involved costs and the same was not evidenced in writing. This is despite an express provision within the contract that all work ...

‘Subject’

History 2010 - George Washington Few leaders in history have managed to be as successful in the roles of both a military leader and political leader like Washington. George Washington’s leadership both in military and in politics was basically rooted in the same principles – patriotism, energy, courage, temperament and highest moral character. A man of many facets, George Washington was not just a war hero but a person who was able to successfully make the transition from a military leader to a politician and ably lead the newly born nation he brought into being. George Washington was born on Feb. 22, ...

IKEA’s Response to Global Challenges

Abstract The contemporary globalized environment poses numerous challenges for business to achieve success. In this regard, various dimensions of globalization become more and more entwined and companies need to adapt to these changes. One of the most complex aspects is the socio-cultural dimension which requires systematic and multi-stakeholder involvement. The aim of this paper is to address the case of IKEA and its approach to resolving the issue of child labor used by its suppliers in India. Consequently, the rationale for IKEA’s approach is outlined with further implications for the company and global businesses in general. IKEA’ ...

Official Name – Title of Course

American College of Dubai Executive Summary Introduction of Subject Matter This report provides an analysis and specific evaluation pertaining to the current management climate at the Uber Company in Part I and Part II. Covered herein in Part I is a discussion on the challenge of managing people within organizations, within an understanding of the context involved. Understanding people, in terms of social perceptions and managerial protocols of group behavior give insight into the way Uber functions. According to Uber founders and CEO, Travis Kalanick, “every problem has a solution,” and feels so passionate about entrepreneurial enterprises that ...

Obergefell v. Hodges (Obergefell) was the recent groundbreaking Supreme Court case that legalized gay marriage across the entire United States. There is no doubt Obergefell will go down as one of the most widely known decisions the Supreme Court has made, in fact, Obergefell, broke the record for most amicus curiae briefs filed with the court (Record Number Of Amicus Briefs Filed In Same-Sex-Marriage Cases, April 28, 2015). While I think the case was decided correctly, the Court could have done more to protect the rights of LGBT people, but decided against it. James Obergefell and John Arthur ...

Education has long been one of the most divisive issues in American law. In the time since the formation of the United States, there has been a struggle between the American government and parents regarding who has the right to control a child’s education (Browne-Barbour, 2006). Browne-Barbour (2006) notes that even still, school was not compulsory in all states until approximately 1918, and before that states were able to control the specific circumstances surrounding schooling for children in their own state. Some schools chose to maintain much more significant control over the children in their specific state than others; ...

The American civil war was a war fought between the union soldiers and the confederate soldiers. Many facts remain unclear about the American civil war but some of them are well known. The civil war began when confederate soldiers from the south attacked union soldiers at fort Sumter in South Carolina on April 21st 1861. The war was fought over four years in many great battles. However, majority of the fighting took place in the confederate states of Virginia and Tennessee. The American civil war is attributed as the single war where America lost the highest number of troops, approximated ...

Dissertation Final Chapter: The Protection of Tattoos

There are a plethora of potential pitfalls associated with the legal protection of tattoos, although there have been cases around the world in which the issue of intellectual property (also referred to as IP henceforth) in which the owners and creators of certain tattoos have brought legal action as a result of the use or perceived misuse of the artwork (O’Connor, 2015). O’Connor points to a recent, famous instance in which Mike Tyson’s famous facial tattoo was used in the film The Hangover—the directors and producers of the film utilized the tattoo as a comedic tool, but the tattoo ...

Voting Rights Act 1965

Introduction The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a very important piece of legislation in the history of American civil rights. The voting rights act has a long history of alterations and revisions before it was consented in 1965. The effects of the legislation had, and still have far reaching implications. The Voting Rights Act of 1965was assented to law by the then president Lyndon Johnson on the sixth of August in 1965. The new legislation outlined the disenfranchisement of African Americans characterized by discriminatory voting practices that were adopted by many Southern states after the end of the civil ...

Abstract

The strong abilities of Romans to manipulate their physical environment via the development and use of strong military forces has led them to acquire several tracts of land across Europe, with its end as the Roman Empire having become memorable in scholarly works due to its sheer expanse. The magnanimity of the Roman Empire is perhaps best measured by the largeness of its territorial acquisitions. This study finds that the strong military forces of Rome has enabled it to two more consequential forms of physical manipulation – the slaughter of many people supporting Roman rivals and the systemic acquisition of land as “war ...

There are a number of issues with defining marriage in today’s society. For instance, the definition of what constitutes a marriage has changed significantly over the years, and today, marriage is primarily a legal definition, rather than a religious one. This is not to say that there are not religious marriages; however, for the purposes of society and government, religious is taken out of the marriage equation for the most part. Rick Santorum in his article, “The Meaning of Family” makes a number of points in his argument against gay marriage and gay rights. He stated that same-sex marriage is a self-centered garbled behaviour ...

The constitution remains emphatic on the need of freedom of speech in a democratic environment. Citizens need the right information to enable them perform their civic duty. The freedom of expression promotes individual self-realization and remains essential in the search for truth (Laraia, 2009). People’s freedom of speech enables them to participate in shaping the public affairs of a country. Failure to provide this right of freedom of speech a free society can fall in a retrogressive regime. Curtailing the freedom of speech can negate them the opportunity of making their contribution in the society. Prior restraint suggests government restrictions on ...

Is there a significant difference in the employment rate of African American in Higher Education in California after the implementation of Affirmative Action?

Chapter 1 – Introduction and background to the problem

This paper attempts to provide an analysis of Affirmative Action in minority employment, specifically in relation to African Americans in the California higher education system by comparing the period 10 years before and 10 years after the implementation of Affirmative Action in higher education in the State of California. The paper argues that affirmative Action led to changes in the State of California structure including higher education and employment rate as compared to the period during the ...

Brief of Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Decided Decided June 19, 1961 Character of Action The case of Dollree Mapp v. State of Ohio (henceforth Mapp v. Ohio) was brought before the Supreme Court of the United States in March of 1961. The case was brought before the Supreme Court after an incident with local law enforcement and a search of Mapp’s home. The defendant was initially convicted in the Cuyahoga County Ohio Court of Common Pleas. The conviction was later affirmed by the Ohio Court of Appeals, and after the affirmation by the Court of Appeals ...