Hepatitis College Essays Samples For Students

Amongst the major infectious diseases, hepatitis is one of the most important diseases affecting a huge number of populations worldwide. Hepatitis is majorly caused by virus or other contributors to the inflammation of liver. It can be infectious or non-infectious. It is a big concern to deal with the disease as it is responsible for taking huge tolls of life with its remarkable symptoms in function loss of the liver due to factors like liver scarring (cirrhosis) or liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) in extreme cases (NHS, 2016). Viral hepatitis is considered to be the cause of hepatitis occurrence in ...

What is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis is an infection which damages the liver organ known to be responsible for processing of different nutrients, filtering of the blood, and fighting of infections. Hepatitis B is a continuous type of hepatitis infection caused by a double-stranded DNA virus known as Hepatitis B virus (HBV) (Trépo, 2014). Hepatitis B infection can either be acute or chronic. Acute Hepatitis B occurs during the first 6 months of infection while Chronic Hepatitis B is the term used to describe the instance where the virus stays in the body and the person develops a lifelong disease (Centers for Disease ...

Hepatitis B virus do not need presentation - its statistics tell about it more as there are more than two hundred million infected people in the world (Sundaram and Kowdley, 2015). In many patients hepatitis B infection leads to the development of the liver cirrhosis and other complications, can cause decompensation of the liver function and lead to death. Prevalence and malignant course of this infection make it a major challenge for modern medicine. Reviewed article lists and shows clinically proved and effective methods of the hepatitis B management. The discovery of a vaccine became the turning point in ...

Hepatitis B is an infection caused by the hepatitis B virus that invades liver cells to replicate therein and release virions which spread the infection within the organ (Peppa & Maini, 2012). Hepatitis B is transmitted through blood and body fluids. Hence, the infection can be passed on to others through the transfusion of contaminated blood, sharing of needles among intravenous drug users, needlestick or sharps injuries, unprotected sexual intercourse, and from an infected mother to her newborn (Grieve, 2014). To a lesser extent, acupuncture and body piercing using unsterile equipment, and the sharing of toothbrushes and razors can also facilitate ...

Hepatitis is a condition pertaining to the liver. Its name literally means liver inflammation from the Greek words hêpar (liver) and –itis (inflammation). It is caused by several agents but worldwide, the most common medium for its distribution are viruses. There are five types of viruses namely Hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E; these viruses are unrelated to each other except that they target the liver and cuase inflammation. Among all five Hepatitis B (HepB) is the most transmitted.
HepB is caused by the hepatitis b virus (HBV) which belongs to the family hepadnaviridae which have single stranded ...

Based on the latest report by the CDC (CDC, 2014), the total reported number of acute hepatitis B in 2014 in the United States was 2,953. The incidence rate for these cases stood at 0.9 cases/100,000 populace. Additionally, after variations have been made to factor in under-ascertainment and unreported cases, the predictable figure of hepatitis B cases in 2014 stood at 19,200 cases (CDC, 2014). In the same year, the CDC documents a total of 2,196 incidences of acute hepatitis C which was documented in 41 states. This data accounts for an overall incidence rate ...

Cover letter

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February 2nd 2014

I am pleased to submit my manuscript entitled “Hepatitis B immunization in newborns.” Myname is [Fill in your name ]. I am submitting this manuscript for review
This paper is on the safety of vaccines used in Hepatitis B imunization. Several vaccines have been found to contain substances that once in the system of the infants may cause diseases such as lymphoblastic leukemia. This paper focuses on critiquing a journal article by Francois et al (2005): Vaccine Safety Controversies and ...

Chronic liver is among the leading causes of death among the Alaska Natives and American Indian population. The Alaska natives and the American Indians make about 1.5 percent of America’s population. They are a group of Americans living in poverty and affected by various health conditions including chronic liver disease. The chronic liver disease accounts for about 4.8 percent of deaths in Aboriginal Northern American population. The chronic liver is a condition that damages the liver, which is an essential organ used in the digestion of food and getting rid of the toxic substances in the body. Chronic ...

1. Identify the health behavior theory used in this article.
The studies explained in this article rely on social cognitive theory. Since the studies are aimed at developing theoretical-based and culturally appropriate interventions to promote Hepatitis B testing, a theoretical framework had to be developed. Health Behavior Framework was developed. The framework relies on Social Cognitive Behavior since it shares various constructs with the social cognitive theory.
2. Identify the level of intervention targeted by the intervention (individual, interpersonal, community).
The interventions developed in the trials were implemented at individual and community level. Concerning the individual level, knowledge of ...

Vitamin K

The body requires vitamin K as it plays a crucial role in the blood clotting process. Sources of this vitamin may be from food eaten and in some bacteria found in the intestines of human beings (CDC, 2016; a). New born babies need to be provided with the vitamin K medication at birth since, first of all they have got little of it stored in their systems as only a little amount can pass through the placenta, secondly, the bacteria responsible for manufacturing them cannot be found in their intestines and finally, the vitamin K contents found in breast ...

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Cirrhosis is basically a critical stage of fibrosis in liver. It is caused due to many diseases associated with liver such as hepatitis. Liver is one the most important organ of the body it performs many vital functions of the body. Some of the main functions performed in liver are, formation of blood protein that help in clotting, transport, immune system. It also produces bile which helps in emulsification of fats. Apart from these it also have storage functions such as it stores ...

Abstract

Malta is situated in the central Mediterranean region and is a southern European nation in the form of three islands. Though age-standardized mortality rates are published in reports by the WHO, there seems to be a limitation of epidemiological research in the area of alcoholic liver disease in the region of Malta, which we can very well categorize as an unmet medical need. There has been a slow increase in standardized mortality rate due to cirrhosis from 1998 to 2003, but it is still low as compared to other EU nations. Besides, Malta stood at a lower rank at #51 in mortality statistics ...

In global societies, discussions concerning the use of animals in medical tests for research are uncomfortable and controversial. Modern technology often broadcasts horrific photos of procedures being conducted on helpless creatures accompanied by claims of untrustworthy results and skewed statistics. In the long run, animals will continue to be used for testing in laboratories until the value of the practice is diminished. “The benefits of animal research have been enormous and it would have severe consequences for public health and medical research if it were abandoned “ (Festing and Wilkinson, n.p.). This paper will present information regarding whether animal testing ...

One health problem that is a challenge to the global arena is the AIDS/HIV infection. In developing countries like those in the Sub-Saharan Africa, there are about 24.7 million individuals who are positive with the HIV virus, and only 39 percent of the adults receive an antiretroviral treatment (AVERT, 2016). This means that their adult HIV prevalence lands at about 4.7 percent, which is a lot higher than that of the U.K. that is a developed country. In the U.K., there are only about 103,700 individuals who are positive of the HIV virus, which means their adult HIV ...

NAMEUNIVERSITY

Emerging infections are defined by Friis and Sellers (2014) as infectious diseases which were just lately identified and classified taxonomically. The majority of them can cause strong and dangerous epidemics. The term is opposed to the term reemerging infections, which denotes “. . . some ‘old’ diseases, for example, tuberculosis or syphilis, that were renewed because of changed conditions in the chain host-agent-environment (Friis and Sellers, 2014). Beltz (2011) describes such emerging diseases as HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, Lyme disease, Respiratory distress syndrome, Lassa fever, Cholera and others. In most cases emerging infections are not caused by mutations in a pathogen (Beltz, 2011). Lashley ( ...

Introduction

Healthcare is a broad domain that requires proper planning and resource mobilization to guarantee the successful realization of various objectives that characterize its dispensation in the contemporary world. In most cases, professionals in the healthcare sector are involved in initiatives that improve services to the communities that they serve. The agency under consideration works to alleviate the states of individuals affected by the HIV-AIDS scourge in Canada (CDC, 2010).

Description of the Issue

The agency is largely concerned with the provision of solutions for HIV-AIDS and all opportunistic diseases associated with the condition. Besides HIV-AIDS, the agency targets infections such as viral hepatitis, ...

Law enforcement officers on the streets need to come across people that are either hurt, injured or they can be criminals that are armed and can attack or harm them. In their defense, these officers might need to attack as well, and that may cause contact with blood or exchange through droplets in the air, and if any person is infected with a blood-borne disease, then they are at risk to catch the disease as well. (The Workplace Safety Store, 2012).
As it happens, diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and most importantly HIV are very common in ...

Article 1

a. The study (Balaraman & Mathew, 2006) presents the experimental investigation of cyclosporine production by Tolypocladium fungi. This is the experimental research.
b. The authors found that the maximum production of cyclosporin was significantly (at 0.05 level) higher in glucose (8%), casein acid hydrolysate (3%), malt extract (2%), peptone (1%), and amino butyric acid (0.5%), comparing to medium with lower glucose content (4%).

Article 2

a. The paper by Irum & Anjum (2012) is a full-size research paper on experimental study of methods to enhance cyclosporin by Aspergillus terreus by mutation induced by UV and chemical mutation.
b. The mutation resulted in morphological ...

Introduction

In today's world being a fierce debate about whether marijuana be legalized or not. In some countries, the legalization process has been completed. At the same time, many countries do not support the legalization of marijuana. Supporters of marijuana legalization point to the freedom of choice of every person: to eat or not marijuana should be decided by people, not the government. For example, alcohol is also harmful to health and is the cause of many problems with the law because of alcohol abuse occur worldwide each year, millions of road accidents. However, alcohol is legal in many countries. Opponents ...

Today, society allows people to donate organs, place their organ donor status on their driver’s license and at hospitals when signing in, but the government and FDA are against the selling of human organs. This legislation has been in place since 1984, when the National Organ Transplant Act banned any type of financial compensation for organ donation ("Financial incentives for organ donation," 2010). The question arises if there is a difference. I believe that just like paying your taxes, one should indeed have the rights to do as they please with their bodies. It should be within one’s ...

What is oncology?

Oncology is a division of science that involves the study of cancer and tumors. Cancer is the rapid abnormal growth of body cells that grows beyond their expected normal boundaries, and which can attack adjoining body parts and spread to other organs. This process is called metastasis, which is the leading cause of oncology deaths (Tomlinson, 2010). There are different types of cancer. They include lung, stomach, breast, liver and colon cancer. Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide accounting for approximately 13% of deaths nationally. The greatest common kind of cancer differs according to gender.
Approximately 30% ...

Abstract

The Vietnamese are unusual and even unique people. Despite the fact that this nationality was influenced by three world religions - Confucianism, Hinduism and Buddhism, and each religion had a significant impact on the historic course and development of the Vietnamese society. Culture of the Vietnamese people is unique and distinctive, and the process of its development has been lasting for the third millennium. The Vietnamese have many interesting and unusual traditions that they are likely to follow in order to keep their identity among the representatives of another culture. Language and cultural barriers are two main reasons why ...

Nurses often play a very critical role in the implementation of healthcare policies; this is because nurses are well conscious and have a better understanding of healthcare systems and delivery mechanisms. Healthcare policy process becomes more efficient and also effective when all relevant stakeholders are involved in its formulation and implementation. The current U.S healthcare system is undergoing a lot of reforms in trying to conform to the new laws, regulations and policies put in place by various government agencies. The goals of these reforms are reducing healthcare costs, enhancing accessibility and improving the quality of care (Benton, 2012). ...

Background information

Malaria, a mosquito borne transmissible disease of both human beings and some animals is a pertinent disease in the 21st century which accounts for more than 650, 000 deaths annually (WHO, 1147). The prevalence of malaria is highest in the tropical and subtropical regions. Adverse effects of the disease is an equally major public health issue that affects maternal and child health. In the developing countries, malaria is a leading cause of maternal and child health. Consequentially, it is a pertinent public health disease. This manuscript offers a succinct analysis of the disease while appraising its causative agents, life ...

Vaccinations have always helped every person who is vaccinated. Vaccinations have prevented numerous illness and disabilities since the time of their invention. Some diseases such as whooping cough, mumps, and measles still a pose huge threat though they can be prevented through vaccines. Many children in United States are suffering and being hospitalized, resulting in deaths every year due to this threat. I support vaccinations because they are safe, very effective, and any child who is vaccinated develops an immunity to fight illness faster than a child who is not vaccinated. Vaccines are thoroughly tested for safety and continuously ...

Kansas City Metro Areas

General overview
The majority of facilities supporting the homeless are shelters, thus they may have the waiting list. Moreover, there is an eligibility criterion and the list of requirements, i.e., a candidate shall prove employment search, or have dependents.

HOMELESS POPULATION

(816) 483-9927
http://sheffieldplace.org/, Executive Director Email: ST
Eligibility Criterion: single mothers and homeless families. Homeless mother with up to five dependent children, or in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Services provided include housing and transitional programs for mothers, children and families. The organization is linking the homeless with employers and housing. Services are suitable for urban immigrants and ethnic minority ...

Microbial Genetics

This is an area of study within microbiology and genetic engineering that studies the inheritable characteristics of microorganisms. It is an area of study of great significance in the field of health and medicine. In this essay I will be focusing on this significance both positive and negative as it relates to the field of health and medicine and the new ways in which genetic engineering is finding its application.
HIV infection usually infects cells with CD4+ markers. The other markers that are essential in making infection of these cells possible are CCR5 and CXCR4 without which cell entry ...

The history of pathology testing is dated back to the 3rd century BC, when Greek scholars such as Herophilos and Eriasistratus began systematically examining dead bodies. At the beginning of the first century AD, several Greek, Roman and Arabian physicists made significant developments in the understanding of the pathology of tumors. In the 18th century, Giovanni Morgangi correlated the symptoms of his patients with the pathological evaluations o the autopsies. The discovery of the circulation of blood by William Harvey and the emergence of microsby is regarded as the foundation of modern pathology. The 19th and 20th centuries experienced ...

Life is a boon to every living kind. It has been the system of nature that one depends upon others for their survival. The dependency can be in different format. It can be either for the food, support, and different other variables. Humans being the social creature are dependent upon one another for their survival. The dependencies are upon the biological and physical needs of people. One helps other upon their survival fulfilling their needs at various different levels.

Human body is composed of different organs sharing common features with other bodies. Unlike some organs, different biological units are classified ...

Clinical presentation

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is the gradual loss of kidney function over time. It is also referred to as chronic kidney failure. It is a condition that develops when the kidney malfunctions and fails to perform its major functions of removing metabolic waste and excess water. Metabolic wastes filtered from the blood are excreted in the urine and include electrolytes and excess fluids (Inzucchi et al., 2012). When these metabolic wastes build up in the body they cause serious complications that makes one feel sick with complications such as nerve damage, high blood pressure and anemia. The major cause of ...

Indeed, it has been correctly asserted that the health of a nation depends on the health of its people. The case in Mexico as a nation cannot qualify as exemplary. However, neither can the state be assessed as being poor. The compromise position, therefore, is that the health of the nation is fair. This conclusion is arrived at after due consideration of the state of affairs. The paper shall canvass the considerations and equally move a step to giving three recommendations for the country and its leadership. On the onset, the paper’s assessment is that Mexico is on the right tract ...

Epidemiology

Cirrhosis is a serious health problem in United Kingdom. Approximately, 30,000 people in UK have cirrhosis (Cirrhosis of the liver n.d.). Each year close to 7,000 new diagnoses are reported in the country (Shafi, Rizwan & Azam n.d.). Between 1992 and 2001, the cirrhosis incidence and prevalence rate increased by 45% and 68% respectively. England, as at the year 2009 had a prevalence rate of 10.1 and 4.8 for male and female per 100,000 inhabitants respectively (National End of Life Care n.d.). The prevalence rate is higher in deprived population. Cirrhosis is one of the leading killer diseases in ...

Body Piercing is an Inappropriate Way for Adolescents to Express their Individuality

Body Piercing is an Inappropriate Way for Adolescents to express their Individuality
Introduction
The need to represent oneself is ancient in nature. The historical times had recorded the Kings who enslaved beautiful women in order to appear courageous and fortunate in their social circles. The need to appear unique and gifted is understandable and commendable in certain conditions. The psychologists are known to motivate their patients to have proper and positive self-esteem, and one can revitalize his or her personality with engaging into his or her passions. Some people pass time in painting, some go to have a ...

- What innovations or invention (technology) had the biggest impact on civilization throughout history, and why? The technology that you choose must be at least 100 years old or older. Consider how civilization has been affected by this technology over time.
We have often witnessed little new-born babies in the hospitals being cruelly injected with long needles. We hear the doctors saying, “It’s for their own good.” This is because those babies are being administered with vaccines to help them develop immunity against specific diseases that can ultimately prove fatal. Today, myriad vaccines exist that almost completely ...

Introduction

Scientific advancements have enabled antibodies that identify non-changing structures of the protein of influenza haemagglutinin (HA) to be identifiable. This development has strengthened the efforts of developing universal influenza vaccines. The goal of this research is to find out how HA stimulates naïve B cells into maturation and induces protective immunity. The researchers chose to investigate this phenomenon because the antibodies that can be used for the vaccine derive from a particular antibody gene of the region IGHV1-69. Currently, the manner in which influenza haemagglutinin stimulates naïve B cells into maturation and protective immunity remains unknown. This essay ...

CrisisMgmt / Discussion 4

Part I: Example of Public Health Crisis
Shortly following Hurricane Katrina, the less remembered Hurricane Rita struck Houston, Texas. Personally, I recall Rita because it caused my wedding to be delayed by two months. You might recall Rita because its poorly prepared evacuation plan resulted in absolute gridlock on the interstate highways. Motorists found themselves trapped on highways for endless hours, many running out of gas and sleeping in their cars. Fortunately, Texas got smarter from both Rita and Katrina. Years later, when Hurricane Ike ravaged Galveston, the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) was ready. Public ...

According to the case study, it is clear that the deeds of the medical practitioner are coming due to incompetency in the job. This makes the case to be an ethical act or problem. The doctor ought to have known that it is always recommended to treat all the patients equally. For example, the case of Marguerite who was to undergo angiogram shows lack of medical ethics among the doctors. This case presents legal and ethical problems in hospitals. It was wrong for the angiogram physicians to decide to attend Sarah instead of Marguerite basing on the reason that ...

Biotechnology has been used in four main industrial areas, medical, agriculture, industry and environmental field. In medicine, biotechnology plays a vital role in areas of diagnosis, therapy and vaccine production. Through biotechnology, it is now possible to determine the sex of a baby who is yet to be born. Biotechnology is also used in the identification of the individuals carrying only one copy of a gene that needs both copies of the gene for a disease such as hemophilia to manifest. Biotechnology is also used in the prenatal diagnostic screening of conditions such as Down syndrome (PUB, 2010).
Screening of new born ...

People who eat fast food are diverse, they come from different countries, experience various life situations, have different age and sex. Still, what unites them is their enormous life to fast food and often missing the possible consequences that this kind of food can bring to them. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of fast food eaters, the possible problems that they can experience, both mental and physical and the possible ways they can decrease the negative consequences of fast food consumption.
One of the recent research found that US adults consume over one-tenth of the daily ...

People who eat fast food are diverse, they come from different countries, experience various life situations, have different age and sex. Still, what unites them is their enormous life to fast food and often missing the possible consequences that this kind of food can bring to them. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of fast food eaters, the possible problems that they can experience, both mental and physical and the possible ways they can decrease the negative consequences of fast food consumption.
One of the recent research found that US adults consume over one-tenth of the daily ...

INTRODUCTION

A communicable (or an infectious) disease is one that is transmitted only by a specific kind of contact. A path is usually followed when it comes to the spread and transmission of pathogens from one person to another. The link has stages that include:
- Etiological agent- it is an infectious agent that can be any microorganism that can be capable of producing an infection.
- Susceptible host- or also known as a non-immune is an individual who has little or no resistance against a disease organism and if exposed is liable to contract the disease.
- Portal of ...

How do current research protocols prevent human rights violations, such as what happened with the Willowbrook Study?

The Hepatitis study which was conducted at the Willowbrook State School for Children with Mental Retardation is probably one of the worst ethical research issues that diverted the research communities’ attention towards the ethicality of the studies being conducted during that time. Children with mental retardation and other types of mental disorders were deliberately exposed to the infectious Hepatitis virus and were then used as subjects for a study. With the current standards in research, studies that are somewhat unethical will be limited and denied. In schools and other academic institutions located in specific states in the U.S. and some ...

ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATION

Proper Syringe Use:
Medical and Recreational Consumption of IV Drugs as a Public Health Concern

This is a photo of a syringe disposal box in one of the university bathrooms. It represents the dangers associated with IV drug use. The population affected by this public health issue is anyone who has ever received an injectable drug; the subpopulations are (1) people who receive injectable drugs under medical supervision and (2) people who self-administer drugs for recreational value. The use of injectable drugs is an international public health problem, as they are used for medical and non-medical reasons everywhere.

Subpopulation 1 faces a ...