Participation Research Proposals Samples For Students

Introduction

Undoubtedly, the E-forum has emerged as effective tool offering an ingenious way of engaging students beyond the classroom. Essentially, an e-forum is a platform that allows students to post their messages to discussion threads, interact and receive feedback from their instructors and colleagues, and acquire an in-depth understanding of their study subjects (Balaji and Chakrabart, 2010). That was more so the case with international students who engage in distance learning, though it was also applicable to any other student.
E-forum instructional tools can address the communication impediments in face-to-face lectures, thereby, providing a forum for argumentative engagement with a collaborative discourse ( ...

Increasing Student Involvement on Campus

Increasing Student Involvement on Campus

Executive Summary

The ability of the students to get involved depends on the efforts in awareness of the program, the benefits of the program and the tendency to get the students involved. It means that there should be awareness of the program, the best practices that involve the existence of the program and even the ability of the teachers to handle the program in a more engaging way. This means that the way the program is carried out determines its success. Therefore there is need to draft ways and best practices that will guarantee active participation ...

Instruments:

Chapter 3: Methodology
Introduction
The methodology incorporated in the study is aimed at collecting all relevant data for the purpose of a comprehensive analysis. The addressed problem in the study regards the current trend of low participation in e-forums by international students. Using various relevant instruments, the methodology of this research will be comprised of different questions articulated in a questionnaire sheet that aims to test the following hypothesis:
- Does the quantity and quality aspect of interaction with peers and educators have a positive or negative impact to e-forum participation among international students?
- Does technology advancement ...

IMPACT OF INTERACTIVE BOARD IN MATHEMATICS CLASSROOM

INTRODUCTION.
Amongst the areas that technological innovations and improvements apply is in classrooms. The growth of technology, and introduction of new elements of delivery of service, impacts massively on teaching and practice. Amongst the contributions of technology in most schools and classrooms include the use of interactive whiteboards (Bell, 2002). An interactive white board refers to an instructional tool that uses computer images such as writings, drawings, and slides, amongst others, displayed into a white board using a digitalized projector. Instructors, in this case, use fingers, mouse, or directly touch the white screen for manipulation or while providing explanations.
...

Abstract

This proposal examines the possibility of using Lego Serious Play (LSP) as an aid to enhancing career development training programmes. To this end, the proposal evaluates and examines the means through which the Taiwanese educational system can be enhanced and enriched by this. The paper identifies that the best way of doing this is to utilise a case study to examine two scenarios to identify the importance and criticality of using LSP to promote teaching and learning experience in career development. This will include the examination of a case where career development is taught in Taiwan using traditional generally ...

Introduction

In a formal definition, political consumerism can be said to be the choice of products and producers with the goal of changing politically or ethically objectionable market or institutional practices. These choices are informed by the attitudes as well as values regarding issues of fairness, justice, political or ethical assessment of favorable as well as unfavorable business and government practice, and non-economic issues that concern personal as well as family well being. Political consumerism is concerned with capturing various creative ways in which the citizens, political activists and consumers in general use the marketplace as an arena of consumer politics.
...

Towards the end of the 19th century, the American childcare started to have formal and informal provisions for childcare. The provisions had close associations with the immigrants, the poor and the minorities who were stigmatized. This led to a weak foundation for the development of social services in the 20th century. Women reforms were at its peak in the progressive era and childcare became something that could bring modernizations and reforms. A group of women formed a nationwide organization that has its attention on pushing for childcare and rights of women. Reformers formulated solutions for poor mothers who worked outside their ...

Methodological Paradigm

I will approach the study through the Critical Theorist lens. A critical theory paradigm focuses on a research through a political perspective, whereby various groups: politicians, men, rich people, capitalism in general influence and exert power over other groups. It is all about power and influence. In other words, the critical theory approaches issues through a historical lens. The objective of the paradigm is emancipation of the oppressed (Dantzker& Hunter, 2012).For that reason, I will rely on dialogue method, which is a combination of interviews and observations with approaches that prompt reflection and conversation for a qualitative research. ...

While motivation is essential to all ages, it is of paramount importance and has become a big issue in secondary education. Motivation plays a crucial part with success in student education and later in adulthood. Parents have the utmost impact on adolescents when it comes to expectations and goals. The lack of parental involvement has become a major issue for many public schools. In order to change how students value their education, parents have to be involved at home, school and set expectations for their children. While there is extensive research on strategies for teachers to use to help motivate students, such ...

Introduction

Reading skills are not only essential for career advancement, but are also an essential survival skill. From day-to-day, we have to read a lot of important information from notices, letters, signposts, consumer information leaflets on products and commercials among many others. Therefore, it difficult for a person who does not know how to read to survive. Therefore, reading skills is one of the essential life skills that should be emphasized at institutions of learning. Learners reading skills should be horned during their early years at school so that those who drop out from school also acquire the skills. Institutions ...

The trend of changes in education raises the issue of partnership in the field of education, the creation of a special creative environment of educational institution. Therefore, this paper presents an analysis of works that focus on the educational aspect such as the elaboration of recommendations for teachers and parents, the administration of educational institutions for partnership organizations to overcome the main barriers that violate the effective interaction. This paper presents a review of scientific articles on the theory and methodology of professional education, pre-school child development, humanities, theory and methodology of education. The article reveals the possible solutions ...

Background

Witness Protection Programs are an extension of law enforcement that is shrouded in secrecy. Originally developed to protect organized crime witnesses, these programs now have wider application (UN, 2008). In criminal cases involving members of organized crime, witnesses testify at risk to their own lives, or personal safety, as well as those close to them. This is not the only group with whom a witness may find themselves, and their families, in peril. Over the years, Witness Protection has evolved to also include other well-resourced individuals and groups who are facing criminal conviction, such as despots and war criminals finding ...

The impact of community engagement to climate change in King County

Introduction
Research problem
Climate change means the destruction of the world’s climate caused by humans through fossil fuel burning, forest clearing and many other practices that lead to high concentration of Green House Gas (GHG) in the atmosphere. The direct or indirect attribute to people activity causing an alteration of the composition of the global atmosphere leads to climate change through natural climate variability. Organizations and individuals have ignored the responsibility of taking good care of energy and climate change issues as they plan their daily activities. Community plays a significant role in delivering the climate goals ( ...

Abstract

One of the most prevalent addictions in our society that has far-reaching social, economic and psychological ramifications is alcoholism. At least 16.3 million Americans who are above 18 years have Alcohol Use Disorder as at 2014. However, not everyone who consumes or excessively consumes alcohol ends up with alcohol use disorder. This study speculates that persons with alcohol addiction have an inherently addictive personality and goes ahead to propose a study to investigate it. Using a random sample, a two group-study will be implemented. Personality test will be used to collect information on addictive personality. A t-test for two-groups ...

Abstract

Successful andragogy-based outcomes can be realized by the creation of comfortable professional development opportunities that focus on training applicability to address the concerns, interests, needs and issues pertaining to middle adult workers. Participation in practical activities and role playing enable middle adult learners to relate to novel teaching instructions and, by extension, keep them interested and engaged in their work place activities. The reason to keep middle adult staff engaged is to ensure that they have a positive attitude towards their job and that they are able to sustain their productivity for a considerable period. As such, there is ...

Part 1: Paper Proposal

The Patient- Centered Medical Home (PCMH) is a model of care delivery that ensures the coordination of patient treatment with the primary care physician to enhance the essential care when needed, and in a way that can be understood. The objective of the PCMH is to create a centralized setting that promotes individual patients and physicians partnerships. The care services offered is enabled by registries, exchange of health information, information technology, or any viable means that guarantees patients access to care when need. Care is offered in an accepted cultural and linguistic manner. PCMH is related to the future ...

Research Question Discussion

Climate change has become one of the hottest issues not only for environmentalists but also for policymakers and their subjects in their respective jurisdictions . With research and news-related reports about the consequences of climate change such as the increasing frequency of natural disasters, the unpredictability of previously predictable disaster models, among others, proliferating, there is no other perfect time to start acting than now ; one of the first steps needed would be to conduct a situational analysis, that is, knowing the world’s position as far as climate change is concerned. Such analyses can be supported by researches such ...

Over the years, gender inequality issues within the society have led to women empowerment and successive fight for gender equality. Despite consistent women activist groups and international agreements, women have remained poor and illiterate in the society. According to research, women have limited access to resources and services such as medical care, employment, property ownership, training, and credit. As a result, women have become more susceptible to domestic violence, and poor living conditions as compared to men. There have been various women’s empowerment organizations around the globe that have been founded with the aim of addressing women needs and ...

This research proposal has been written by Name of Student of Class of Student of Name of College

Introduction
Development of young children through playing have become a favorite subject of the present age parents frequently participate with their children in playing both indoor and outdoor games. Young children love to play, and playing games is an important part of their lives. Playing include variety of activities like having fun with friends, selecting their own activities and going outdoor for physical exertion. Playing can be funny or serious, exhaustive or relaxing, amusing or solemn, peaceful or deafening. Children play for various reasons. Children explore new things through playing, and, sometimes, they exercise to practice a particular skill. Playing ...

1. Quantitative – What effect did the faculty development program (fdp) have on teachers' teaching approaches?
2. Qualitative– How did the teachers' teaching methods alter in answer to the FDP?
2. In a climate where faculty liability is greatly needed on study and research, enhancement in the eminence of instruction is a mounting issue. The progress of high-quality practice of teaching is vitally significant. Teachers at research rigorous schools frequently should bargain on clashing probabilities about method of teaching and conducting research: universities might seem to openly acclaim good teaching, but clandestinely assess good research, principally in verdicts of support ...

LIMITED UNDERSTANDING OF THE PERCEPTION OF AFRICAN WOMEN IMMIGRANTS IN THE UK AS THE RESULT TO THE CURRENT TREND OF INADEQUATE CLINICAL INTERVENTION FOR POSTNATAL DEPRESSION PATIENTS
Limited understanding of the perception of African Women Immigrants in the UK the Cause of the Current trend of inadequate Clinical Intervention

Introduction

Over the recent decades, the number of immigrants settling in the UK has grown exponentially to give the country a new outlook on cultural diversity. With these social changes, new demands have been imposed on the healthcare sector to provide health services in ways that promote social justice. According to ...

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between social networking and face-to-face communication with respect to their influence on the social interaction skills. The first aim of the research has to determine whether there is a causal relationship between use of social networking tools and face-to-face communication behaviors. The research aims to investigate the hypothesis. There will be a statistically significant difference in change/gain scores for communication behaviors between the experimental group and the control group; Face-to-face communication is associated with the students’ social media networking habits (i.e. time spent on social media networking). There will ...

Elementary School-Aged Obesity

Introduction
The topic of the study is about the elementary school-aged children who are identified as obese. The study was a review of the efficacy of school-based intervention and home-based strategies to address the underlying effects and issues in obesity. Furthermore, the study shows that school-based interventions may reduce the BMI score of the elementary school-aged children (between six and eleven years of age), but such approach serve as a short-term intervention. On the other hand, it was stated in the study that in home setting can provide significant strategies that can help in halting obesity among these children. ...

Project Description

The current project aims to compare discussion forum models that are used for social activity to determine which can be used and are more preferred for learning management systems. Hashemyolia, Asmuni, Ayub & Daud (2015) have noted the increasing significance of web-based applications in learning management systems, especially in higher education. The emphasis on learning management systems is because it exploits autonomy and self-motivation in self-regulated learning. Learning management systems can be used for both course administration and pedagogical purposes (Pătruț, Pătruț & Cmeciu, 2013). This is possible because of the synchronous and asynchronous communication that is enabled by ...

Ministry of Health

Oman Specialized Nursing Institute
Health Services Management Program
2015-2016
Research Methodology for Health Sciences I
Identification of Causes and Consequences of Work- Related Stress among Midwives in South Al-Sharqia Region
4. Methodology

Research design

This study will employ a descriptive design to address the study questions. In this case, the researcher will conduct a survey to obtain data from the study participants. A descriptive design is used in studies that do not involve the manipulation of the study variables by the researcher (Valencia-GO, 2015, p. 97). This study seeks to identify the factors associated with work-related stress (WRS) and its consequences ...

Restatement of initial research questions

Reading is a crucial skill in life. Therefore, it is one of the core skills that learners must acquire. Duggan (2009) states that reading comprehension is affected by many internal and external factors and visual processing. Reading comprehension is defined as the degree of understanding a text (Jager-Adams, 1994). It does not only include the amount of reading time, but also the ability to trigger information from the text. According to Ouellette (2006), the end goal of reading is comprehension. Therefore, reading time does not provide a full picture of reading comprehension because one can quickly skim the text ...

The future lies in the young generation since they currently benefit from the developing technology. Their education will help create a better future for themselves and generations to come. However, technology changes every day, and what seems relevant now, will lose value with time. Hence, it would be a great deal for children to interact with technology when they are young, for them to understand and grow into it. As the district educator, I noted a great concern on the old ways of teaching the young ones and the struggles they have coping with it in their later years. ...

Chapter 1: Introduction

Education is one of the most appreciated element in life and most often than not, people struggle to put in their best to ensure that they achieve the best from education. Parents strive to take their children to school so that they get a quality education and even input a lot of resources such as finances and time so that their children can have the best education can offer. Teachers are also trained in different institutions that enhance their qualification so that they produce skilled individuals who can teach students professionally and help build their future through the subjects ...

The Lived Experiences of Staff Nurses on Burnout in Oncology Department

Research Question:
What are the lived experiences of nurses in the Oncology Department?
What are the coping experiences of nurses in the Oncology Department?
Objectives of the study:
Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 Conceptual Framework

Research design

The current research uses the qualitative research design to attain main aims and objectives of the research. As the central objectives of the present study seek to reveal the lived experiences of the nurses in the Oncology Department, it is believed that the qualitative research design suits it the most. It is considered that qualitative design is constructed for the researchers who aim at revealing ...

Corporal punishment is considered inflicting of physical pain upon a prisoner as a punishment for violation of a prison rule or regulation. Such forms of conduct include, but are not limited to whipping, cold shower, electrical shocking devices and suspension from cell bars by handcuffs. The use of solitary imprisonment as a system of punishing violations of prison discipline is not included within corporal punishment definition. Most states have no statutes that specifically forbid the use of corporal punishment. Other states, however, prohibit corporal punishment in detention facilities by the statue.
The use of corporal punishment to reinforce prison ...

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to present a community health project to promote healthy lifestyles in the community through reducing risks associated with the chronic health diseases. According to the Healthy People 2020, maintenance of healthy lifestyle is associated with the healthy habits of eating. The objectives put forward by the Healthy People 2020 mainly aim at the efforts that are required for modification of diet by understanding individual behaviors through which life-threatening conditions including diabetes and obesity can be controlled. In this regard, the major health issue is the prevalence of obesity among children. It seems necessary ...

Introduction

Feminism is a collaborative attempt to strengthen the social, political and economic rights of women. It aims to address the concerns of women that created their other image. The other image reflects the negative nuances which the women faced through diverse perspectives, and at most of the times men were responsible. Feminist movement describe the ideologies and philosophies which are meant to strengthen the image of the women around the world. It mostly deals with the personal rights of women. Such personal rights have strong implications associated with them from cultural, political, social and economic perspectives. Feminists work in ...

There is a growing need for the education of healthcare workers, for them to efficiently cover and treat wounds and prevent contamination. Thus, there should be an evidenced approach in evaluating differences in the approach of treatment that medical practitioners use in various spheres. For this, it is important to examine some evidences on the different treatment of wounds that are being used nowadays in healthcare. This is crucial for medical practitioner training, while providing opportunity for developing proficiencies with regards to proper wound care, which may avert undesired patient outcomes in hospitals.

Evidence Review

Based on the article of Aalaa et ...

Introduction

The existence of temporary employees is a vital element of the contemporary organizations. In United States, around one employee out of four is engaged in temporary tasks in organization . The share of temporary employees in the workforce improved from 2.799% to 3.299% in the years from 1994 to 1997 as reported by the Ministry of Labor and this improved tendency is anticipated to endure in the years to come ; . Due to the improvement in the quantity of employees, an accord is developing within HR administrators that the recruiting companies need not to be the sole ones bearing the liability for ...

Introduction

The rapid growth of technology worldwide baffles many; every sector of the society, workplace, and even schools depict the influence of technological advancements. Schools have not been left behind either; the use of computers and other technological devices incorporated into the learners’ learning experiences. With focus on the incorporation of technology in schools, it is needed to question whether the technology is indeed beneficial to learners. Technology rapidly changes the way the students of all abilities and ages learn and live. For instance, in the USA, many K-12 schools incorporate computer hardware and software in the curriculum (Saba, 2009).
...

Does the Gender and Race of a Victim Influence Perception of the Jurors

Abstract
The study examines the influence of gender and race to juror perception when it comes to case decisions. In the experiment, a mock proceeding was conducted with the subjects sitting as jurors to judged the male and a female white, Black and Hispanic victim of sexual harassment. The objective of the experiment is to determine whether the decisions of the jurors are influenced by gender and race. The jurors in relation to the victim’s gander and race structured the proposed experiment to illustrate the varying responses in an actual Court proceeding. The study will be supported by reviewed ...

A growing number of probation officers, judges, prosecutors as well as other juvenile professionals are advocating for a juvenile justice system which is greatly based on restorative justice. These groups of people have been frustrated by the policy uncertainty between retribution and treatment as well as unrealistic and unclear public expectations. As a primary mission, the balanced approach or policy allows juvenile justice systems together with its agencies to improve in their capacity of protecting the community and ensuring accountability of the system and the offenders. It enables the youths to become productive and competent citizens. This guiding philosophical framework for ...

Research Problem

Funding a business is a complex issue. A new business owner should identify whether he or she is willing to finance the new business with the help of equity or debt. Each of the funding methods has its advantages and disadvantages. Equity financing allows business owners avoid making large loan payments. Investors may offer valuable business assistance to the new business owner in the case of need as they are interested in the success of the venture. If all risks are clearly explained to the investors, they will understand if the business fails. However, the investors will own a part of business ...

- Introduction
Establishing justice for the victim of a crime is one of the purposes of the legal justice system; it is a founding basis upon which other legal principles are built. There is a difference between justice and revenge, however; and revenge is often the topic of discussion when including victims in the legal process is concerned, particularly in the sentencing phase. The discussion here will center around the question of whether the victim or victims should be involved in the sentencing process, given their close emotional connection with the crime in question.
- Literature Review
A number ...

Parental Involvement and Early Intervention for Children with Autism 2

Introduction
The purpose of this study is to determine if parental training and early intervention for parents of children with Autism is beneficial. In recent years. The incidence of children diagnosed with Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder has dramatically increased. Many studies have indicated that early intervention techniques for children with Autism is beneficial in their development. Often these interventions are provided by professionals such as speech and language pathologists, occupational therapists and behavioral therapists. These early interventions can be obtained either privately or through early intervention programs provided by school systems. Training for Parents can be obtained ...

Research question:

Hypotheses:
If communication technologies are more accessible to students and usage made easier, then university learning will increase.
If communication technologies are available for every student, then on campus classes will reduce in number.
Theory
Technological advancement often has the impact of improving the lives of those who utilize new technologies. Technologies like internet-adapted smartphones, for instance, allow the user access to any information that he or she could possibly want from anywhere on the planet. As information becomes more accessible to students, they are more likely to engage in the learning process and will ...

Introduction

The rapid growth of technology worldwide baffles many; every sector of the society, workplace, and even schools depict the influence of technological advancements. Schools have not been left behind either; the use of computers and other technological devices incorporated into the learners’ learning experiences. With focus on the incorporation of technology in schools, it is needed to question whether the technology is indeed beneficial to learners. Technology rapidly changes the way the students of all abilities and ages learn and live. For instance, in the USA, many K-12 schools incorporate computer hardware and software in the curriculum (Saba, 2009).
...

Among economists and demographers such as Wolfers and Friedberg, the steady rise of divorce rates from the mid 1960s to the mid 1970s has been the debate. Between this years it was discovered that women who are in their 20s contributed to averagely 60% of the rise. Researchers have keenly focused on demonstrating the increasing divorce rates by testing the changes in the economic empowerment of women (Nunley, 2010) and changes in the divorce laws in the early 1970s (Wolfers 2006; Friedberg 1998).
The agreement from the divorce literature laws suggests the reforms led to a tiny transitory increase ...

Introduction

Army recruiters have continued to strategize on how to maximize recruitment of officers from the public. However, majority of their target group is high school students who have completed and graduated with a diploma. In fact, they went ahead to create a database with all the personal information of individuals aged between 16 – 25 years. This may imply intrusion of privacy of their target groups, most of which are high school students and a few who have graduated. This even went over board when the 2002 act of “No child left behind” was passed. The act required that all beneficiaries of federal ...

Introduction

No matter how hard we try to believe that we are living in a developed country and we are literate and modern people, studies show that we still are not free from the shackles of domestic violence. According to a survey conducted by US National Institute of Mental Health, 42.8% of women were victims of domestic violence yet they still were in that abusive relationship (Nauert, 2010). Abusive relationships take the form of physical, emotional, psychological and verbal abuse which might leave the victim dwell in the darkness of reality. With bruised marks and a scared image, the victim tends to lead a ...

ABSTRACT

The fundamental goal of the research is to determine the advertising effectiveness and human behavior in the car industry. The study will aim sampling techniques that will provide a solution that can be used for car manufacturing domain. This will help to determine the future sales for instance I will be able to find the number of cars to be manufactured by a car manufacturing company. In conclusion Human behaviors and the level of effectiveness in the advertising of car industries have a great significance in development of the said sector. In order to register positive results, advertising of how effective the ...

Among economists and demographers such as Wolfers and Friedberg, the steady rise of divorce rates from the mid 1960s to the mid 1970s has been the debate. Between this years it was discovered that women who are in their 20s contributed to averagely 60% of the rise. Researchers have keenly focused on demonstrating the increasing divorce rates by testing the changes in the economic empowerment of women (Nunley, 2010) and changes in the divorce laws in the early 1970s (Wolfers 2006; Friedberg 1998).
The agreement from the divorce literature laws suggests the reforms led to a tiny transitory increase ...

Introduction

People living in community posses diverse needs and willing to get access to
multiple resources. This accompanied with certain restriction or limitations at facilities in their daily schedule could disturb them. Very often this trend could also lead to emotional or psychological distress. All people have equal rights and receiving an unbiased response from the other side is of paramount importance. For instance in public amenities, educational institution, work place or at hospital, certain individuals representing a specific ethnic background or race are more likely to receive an unpleasant reaction. In more adverse cases, there could be a violence or a ...

INTRODUCTION

Domestic violence against women is a global issue which has no social, religious, cultural, geographical, national or economic barriers. Gender based violence does not select based on religion, language, ethnicity or race; it is believed to one of the common and serious human violation rights and is widely spreading. Violence against women as a problem carries a lot of effects not only within the social setting but it affects female victims’ physical and emotional health and general well being, it also has effects on family, children and the society at large.
Domestic violence on women holds them prisoners under certain restriction ...

The survey targets healthcare workers in hospitals across the nation. They will voluntarily submit to the survey in order to expose their most recent knowledge concerning the nursing shortage. They have been allowed to volunteer at chance as no selected times were chosen for the survey. The respondents targeted could be from any category of the general healthcare community and as noted above will share one more characteristics that are shared and is relative to the nursing community and related by the claim of knowledge concerning the nursing community.
In the spirit of the quantitative simple designed research ...

Introduction

At present time, our social network is often determined by the level of our online presence and the social circles we belong to online. Although social networking may have its benefits, it also has disadvantages, including the onset of stress and depression, sometimes even suicide, due to various factors including cyber bullying. Within this context, social networking is a double-edged sword. While it can help people achieve social support to lean on, social networking in the 21st Century could aggravate mental health problems or place us at risk for developing mental disorders. The aim of conducting the research study is ...

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine from a developmental assets approach similarity and differences in single parents and adolescents’ perceptions of parenting competencies.

Problem Statement

Today parents face many challenges which sometimes surpass their ability to respond accordingly. Lately, there has been awareness that children majorly from most backgrounds in a technological society are exposed to significant dangers and risks. People are generally hesitant to acknowledge that every family has limitations that more or less may require much support externally in order to succeed in the current environment. Arguably, a knowledgeable outlook is aware that even low income families could also be ...

3.0 Research methodologies
3.1 Introduction
In this chapter, the research design, location of the study, sampling procedure, research instruments, pre-testing study, validity of instruments, data collection procedure and data analysis procedures will be discussed.
3.2 Research design
Good understanding of a research design enhances its quality. The research design will inform the researcher’s thinking and lay the foundations for designing the project. The study will adopt a bottom up approach study design. This design is justified as it will describe the current situation and establish if there is a relationship Tomorowland music festival event and the environment ...

Abstract

Community radio stations are instrumental in enhancing different social and economic aspects in the Arab world. A debate has been ensuing over the years about the contribution of community radio station and establishment of a legal framework that supports the thriving of these stations. In the recent past, the Arab spring has triggered debate over the contribution of the media to the revolts spreading from Africa to the Middle East.

The problem

Many Arab countries have policies that prohibit the operation of community radio stations.
Background of the problem
The policy framework has a historical justification where only government based radios ...