Essays on Clinical Research

Latha K. (2016). Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Postnatal Mothers Who Under Went Emergency Lower Segmental Caesarean Section, Government Hospital, Tambaram. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2016; 8(3): 172-175. Gross, C., L. (2016). Maternal age and postpartum depression during the transition to parenthood. Kent State University. Pdf. Using Survey from mothers and analysis of data from National U.S. Survey of Women’s Childbearing Experiments, the authors analyzed the relationship between age of first birth and postpartum depression. The results showed that there was no significant association between the age of first birth and ...

Introduction

Nursing practice today relies heavily on research findings because nursing knowledge is crucial in evidence-based nursing (Houser, 2015). An initial step towards the growth of a data oriented skilled nurses is the acquisition of reliable skills in searching for rich resources of nursing research database online that are readily accessible to budding nursing researchers. The current research paper involves the search of a single clinical research database (CRD) that contains resource materials capable of supporting a larger investigation on the PICOT-guided clinical research question, “Social behavior and engagement outcomes from animal assisted therapy of at least a year among ...

Introduction

Evidence-based nursing effectively defines the professional field today. Nursing practice will be vastly crippled and of high risk in the absence of research data as nursing knowledge is dependent upon empirical evidence derived from painstaking accumulation of nursing literature in various facets of nursing practice (Houser, 2015). Inevitably, the first step in the evolving capacity of nursing students in the conduct of nursing research and the utilization of findings of those already available, involves a proficiency in the search for rich clinical research databases (CRDs) and the building of a dependable list of these databases for future research endeavors. ...

Introduction

Many studies and clinical research have the ultimate goal of treating cancer and preventing anyone from suffering from it. Each day, the technology and the knowledge that can help address this goal has surpassed expectations and had brought promising results.These studies and researches have likewise tried approaching cancer in multiple perspective and using various methods. However, one particular approach proved to catch the attention of many. A clinical research in Pennsylvania used genetically modified HIV to cure leukemia and other forms of cancer (Grady, 2012). This particular clinical research may daunt many due to the fact that a virus ...

Nursing Interventions In The Management Of Diabetes

Describe your methodological design. I propose to conduct a primarily quantitative study that will measure a number of CDC certified diabetes nurses educators and .evaluate success of tailor patient, self-managed diabetes goals (eg: A1C, blood pressure, cholesterol, weight, amount of physical activity using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) (Tabak et al. 403-06) in primary care setting. Nurses or medical staff feedback concerning the feasibility of translation to will be optional to eliminate burden; if a substantial amount of data is collected it will be analyzed. Since this form of data collection is unknown, it does not truly meet the ...

Enactment of transparency policy in clinical research is commendable. Transparency is significant in ensuring quality healthcare is provided for all. The legislation was developed due to the continued complaints about lack of transparency. The medical field is one of the professional jobs that require integrity and transparency (National Research Council (U.S.) 31). AllTrials put its efforts in campaigning for a change in clinical research. Vital information was presented but was not published. The intervention by World Health Organization saw the formulation of the policy. Jointly, (European Medical Agency) EMA showed its support for the enactment of the policy (Turner & ...

Introduction

Transparency is critical in conducting clinical research. Transparency is a fundamental value regardless of the department or organization. The issue concerns the need to ensure transparency is maintained when conducting clinical research. The policy that was recently initiated calls for the restoration of transparency that will benefit health care providers, parents and health systems. The lack of transparency in clinical findings puts the patients’ lives at risk (Health Affairs 21). This will mean that inventories will not be accredited better standards due to lack of accountability. It is paramount that such a policy in health care be implemented to ...

The policy "Transparency in Clinical Research" focusses on laying initiatives to improve clinical research for health care systems, patients, and caregivers. The issue concerns the publications of reports that are biased. Over the years, the cases studied and results generated have never been published. This has been a concern to health care personnel (Health Affairs, 2016). Ideally, lack of reliable information and transparency has created extreme implication in the health care sector. The essence of the policy is to address the clinical research done. Selective publication of clinical research by the stakeholders has been causing barriers to other useful ...

Research is essential for the advancement of any field of study. Nevertheless, this becomes complicated when the object of the investigation is a human, as there is an accepted guideline that one should not do harm onto a person. In order to assure proper treatment of humans, ethical committees have arisen in many parts of the world, limiting the research that may be done. However, this comes into tension when one also takes into account the notion of liberty, as the two could contradict each other. In this sense, some would argue that ethics committees should not interfere in ...

In this world scientists are conducting life sciences research to accelerate better healthcare outcomes. For that, both clinical and basic science researches are done for the development of new treatments. The development of new treatments is necessary for various disorders. To understand the normal psychological or pathophysiological disease processes researchers are using animals for experiments but ethical violations are being noticed. Therefore, in this paper all those ethical violation issues will be discussed that are surrounding the clinical and basic science research. In addition, it will present the importance and need for animal studies over clinical trials that involve ...

History

Researchers today have gone through a long process to be able to take their research study to human subjects. Minors, elderly and prisoners’ studies are governed by numerous regulations and protocols. Other human subjects who do not fall under these categories are also protected by the regular standards that researchers must adhere to; for instance, informed consent and confidentiality. This was not always the case though; the journey to developing the modern medical ethics people enjoy today took years of conducting painful and brutal experiments on human subjects. The history of medical ethics seems to harbor many unthinkable and ...

Discuss the therapeutic effects of Ultrasound in the treatment of a tennis elbow soft tissue injury

Introduction The ultrasound is used as a treatment for soft tissue injuries using sound waves that are beyond the range of normal hearing. An ultrasound consists of inaudible high frequency mechanical vibrations (Gibbs, Cole and Sassano, 2009) which are created upon the conversion of electrical energy into acoustic energy through mechanical deformation of the piezoelectric crystal which lies within the transducer (Rheumatology, 2011). Therapeutic ultrasound uses a frequency between 0.75 and 3 MHz (Knight, Knight and Draper, 2013) for heating deeper and superficial tissues. Low frequency ultrasound at 1 Mhz is absorbed by tissues up to 3 to 5 cm ...

After the enactment of the Children Act of 2002, there was a increased incentive for pharmaceutical companies to perform studies where they test their drugs on children in order to determine the safest doses of medication that has already been approved as effective and safe in adults. Part of this legislation also required the Institute of Medicine to research into the desirable practices regarding ethical research when children are involved, hence this report. This report delves into several ethical issues regarding studies on children, some of which include payments that are related to the participation of children in clinical research, ...

For the past couple of decades medical research has been one of the moving forces of the whole industry, and it is quite easy to understand why. No new treatment can be accepted without it being clinically tried on volunteers. But what if a drug must be tested on children? A question of children involvement in clinical trials is essential for the benefit of all children, as it gives an opportunity to propose innovations in healthcare capable to substantially improve their health andquality of life. Moreover, now is the exact time when science has reached alevelthat has never been greaterto ...

Thoughts for Unethical Conduct in Tuskegee Study

It is the need of the mankind to try and find new ways to treat major diseases. Research and clinical trials are the only way to successfully achieve the goals of finding the proper cure for diseases. When pharmaceutical companies forget the rights of the subjects of the trial and start treating then as lab rats for their profits, such tragedies takes place in the history. These companies spend billions of dollars to research one drug, and the only thing that they care is about the profit. ‘Tuskegee Trials’ are one black mark on the history of the ...

1. Describe the Master's prepared nurse’s role as researcher.

A research nurse performs a crucial role of guaranteeing the success of research studies. Research nurses also ensure the safety of participants and provide them with adequate information regarding the research topics, benefits and objectives of the research (Finkelman & Kenner, 2013). The role of a research is varied and intricate. Research nurses coordinate the management of the study through established organizational and leadership skills. Their roles in any clinical research entail preparation of protocols and other research–linked documentations. They submit research proposals for regulatory endorsement; coordinate the commencement, management and conclusion of the clinical study. More importantly, research ...

I am choosing to study for a Master’s Degree in Clinical Research because I have a passion for working in this field. My background makes me well suited to make progressive advances in the field. I was involved actively and directly in evaluating and managing ill children and I assumed the role of team leader. Additionally, I have interacted with different subspecialties and have collaborated with different institutions in the field. I have interacted with available experts in medical education, which has enriched my experience in the clinical research field. During this time, I formed an interest in clinical research ...

[Assignment No. 2]

Abstract

CRADA incorporates the agreement between the collaborators and IC in order to comply the research projects in order to develop the research entities with the collaboration of two entities. The current paper has enlightened the common and unique elements of the CRADA elements and it has been observed that CRADA provides the comprehensive means of developing the effective agreement between both the entities to ensure the collaboration and providing the astound means of carrying out the research project without adhering any unequal means of benefits provided to any entity. The ‘Cooperative Research and Development Agreement’ encompasses ...

Health research methods and ethics

Introduction Question A Chin and Lee (2008) explains that the ethical principle of respect for human participants in research studies involving human beings as the study subjects requires that the research participants be informed about the results of the study upon completion of the research. By doing so, the human subjects would feel respected and valued and not merely used or abused for the sake of achieving a particular medical objective. In application of the principle of respect, the ability of the individual to make own choices and decisions should be considered as Gallin and Ognibene (2012) corroborates. ...

Background

This research paper illustrates ways in which a clinical nursing problem is addressed by various researchers in the medical field. In this research, a PICO question will be used as a tool that will help in developing a clinical question; does exercise vs. diet education reduce obesity in school children? Overweight and obesity are increasing in children and this has become a global concern. The reason behind this is the children’s low levels of physical activity, in concert with the rise in their inactive behaviors, jointly impelling research programs and strategies. The research and strategies are to enhance their levels of PA, in ...

Introduction

Halting the spread/progression of HIV/AIDS by the year 2015 is one of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. The United Nations (2013) indicate that tremendous advancements have been made in efforts to reverse the spread of HIV among the world populations. Most regions in the world have reported a reduction in persons newly infected with HIV. However, from a global perspective the awareness and knowledge level of how HIV is transmitted and prevention measures still remain significantly low especially among the young generation. Moreover, adherence and access to HIV treatment still remain a challenge to the control of HIV spread (Bermúdez, ...

Compliance to therapeutic regimen may seem to be a challenging task for health care providers and guardians to reinforce or instill among teenagers who are admitted in an acute health care facility. There are numerous methods to reinforce compliance to therapeutic regimen among these teenage patients. One of these is health education. It is a method that can be done in numerous pedagogical approaches. However, studies have reported that more teenagers are supplementing or replacing these approaches with resources they uncover over the Internet (Katz, 2008; Liu, 2010). An available technology in the internet is social networking. With its prominence among ...

Life-cycle Project Diagram

Abu Dhabi Pharma Executive Summary Project Management’s relevance across industry is tested and tried. The Pharmaceutical industry has lately undergone rapid changes. It is demonstrated, however, that project management can add benefits when applied to the new product development in the pharmaceutical industry. The industry is specific for its rigorous regulatory compliance and product quality. Clinical research and drug development is not only key to managing newer infections but also staying ahead of the pack with newer and innovative molecules. Project management techniques can help the planning, scheduling, managing the project phases risks and ultimately assure ...

Healthcare professionals utilize diagnostic labels in their classification of individuals for treatment and research purposes. The labels allow professionals and researchers to assume that all the group members have similar illnesses regardless of whether there is some variability in the presentation of symptoms or other circumstances surrounding the illness. Diagnostic labels provide a way for clinicians to understand a large amount of information. The labels also provide a convenient way of describing patients including the presentation of symptoms that may also imply the expected course and prognosis. They may also point towards specific interventions that may improve or prevent the condition (Garand ...

Abstract

The following paper analyzes three articles that deal with the effect of addicted mothers on infant development. The type of addiction that the paper concentrates on includes alcohol abuse, use of cocaine, marijuana, and heroin. Drug use during pregnancy has been on the higher rise as more young mothers engage in drug and alcohol abuse. Mothers who use non-prescribed when pregnant never realizes the dangers they expose their newborn babies to until the child is born and attains the age of five years. The paper will identify various problems analyzed in the selected articles and relate them to the ...

Executive Summary

The quality improvement plan will highlight St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital an autonomous nonprofit organization that has committed to improving the quality and affordability of health care in Memphis. The paper will highlight the mission, goals and objectives of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital using different quality improvement activities mentioned. The quality improvement activities help hospital generate income for the free treatment services they offer. The QI activities include the created campaigns such as ‘Partner in Hope’ and ‘Genome Project’. The initiatives have helped save more children from cancer and increase their chances of survival. In ...

IMPLEMENTING VIDEO-CONFERENCING TO REMOTE HEALTHCARE FACILITIES

I hereby declare that this work has been done by myself and no portion of the work contained in this report has been submitted in any form whatsoever in the pursuant for the degree of Bachelor of (Students’ Course). I further declare that in the event of any infringement of the provisions of the Copyright Act whether knowingly or unknowingly the institution shall not be liable for the same in any manner whatsoever and undertake to indemnify and keep indemnified the institution against all such claims and actions.

Implementing Video-Conferencing to Remote Healthcare Facilities

Executive Summary This project is about implementing video-conferencing to help ...

Discussion 1

Advances in healthcare have rendered the research aspect almost a core component in practice. The need to respond to changing healthcare demands across the population explains the need for regular research and update of diagnosis and treatment procedures and therapies. However, research is a process and involves a systematic approach to identifying and implementing any new advances (Burns & Grove, 2010). The initial step always is for the clinicians and the organization to learn of an advance. They then have to make a decision concerning its efficacy by determining the costs and benefits of the advance and more importantly its compatibility and safety. The ...

Alpha level refers to the risk of falsely rejecting the null hypotheses, such as there is no difference between variables, treatments or groups. In other words, it amounts to making Type 1 errors. Usually, in experimental designs the alpha level of 0.05 is used which implies a 5% percent chance of rejecting a true hypothesis. It also means that there is a 5% chance that the results in an experiment were obtained randomly- something that experimenters attempt to avoid totally. However, in certain investigations, an alpha level of lower or higher than the commonly used 0.05 might be set. With lower ...

The URMC has a physical setting that provides diversity to the center’s activities. To begin with, the center has an educational setting for therapists, which is offered by the Occupational Therapy Department in the facility. The center has facilities for adult inpatients and outpatients as well as areas for rehabilitation and pediatric care (Moyer & Elliot, 2008). Furthermore, the medical center has laboratory rooms where clinical research activities involving things like concept development, assessment, quality assurance and implementation can be conducted. Through the clinical research conducted in the laboratories that support complex and large studies including a number of clinical trials, ...

Abstract

This paper aims at identifying and elaborating the development and functions of the human placenta, an organ that supports growth and development of the fetus. The human placenta is a fetomaternal organ that supports the development of a growing embryo by providing nutrients and gas from the mother to the embryo. Notably, the human placenta facilitates nutrients and gas exchange between the fetus and the mother which helps in maintaining fetomaternal tolerance. The placenta can release metabolic products into fetal and maternal circulations and it also metabolizes various substances. It also protects the fetus against maternal diseases, infections, and certain xenobiotic ...

Introduction

The use of marijuana for medicinal purposes, a social or political issue, seems to be in question. The opponents to the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes stick to the same argument of social and at times religious effects. The support of the movement seems to be basing all evidence in the far-reaching uses of cannabis beyond medical application. With Washington and Colorado both recently legalizing marijuana for recreational use, it reopens the debate about whether or not marijuana should be legal for medicinal purposes in the United States. A look at the current research, an analyzing the argument of ...

Chinese are the single largest Asian community living in America. According to United States Census Bureau, there were about 17.3 million Asians in US in the year 2012. The Chinese accounted for about 22% of the Asian community. This figure translates to about 3.9 Chinese Americans. It is also estimated that close to 70% of Chinese America are immigrants who were born in China or other foreign countries. The American Community Survey of 2010-2012 findings revealed that 84% of Chinese Americans could not speak English very well. Meaning, a big proportion, more than half of the community members do not ...

Many of medical advancement nowadays are for better health care and accurate treatment. One of these medical developments is the clinical research. Based on the reported study, there are over “14,000 clinical trials” are on the move to the country every year, so most likely nurses will encounter different kinds of a patient that involves in, or considering the clinical trial as an option for cure. But there are also patients that refuse to undergo for clinical trials and nurses consider this a big challenge to their profession (The CI & SOCP, 2013). Therefore, what information we should use to let ...

Under what conditions may it be acceptable to abbreviate a CSR?

An abbreviation of a clinical study report is accepted when; the policy of the authority accepts abbreviation, in cases where some data was lost and where the study involved does not seek to clarify a phenomenon.

Where in the CSR should a sample of the ICF be placed?

At the beginning of the study report. What information should be included in the “Investigational Plan”? This part contains information on how the study will be carried out. This information include what population is to be studied and the criteria of choosing a sample is specified. This section also specifies the treatments under study and the way they are given. Diagrams are used ...

- Identify & discuss two styles in parenting and explain what style has the most validity to you. Developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind, in regards to her work in the 1960’s described various forms of parenting styles, based on research done on pre-school aged children. One of the prominent parenting styles identified by Baumrind was what has been known as the ‘Authoritarian’ style.

In this style parents set strict rules to be followed without questions by their children, without question or condition.

Authoritarian parents Baumrind states "are obedience- and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation.” (1991) The main issue with this parenting style is that of the punishment, punishment is valued over discipline, the ...

Introduction

Medicine Organizations operate in an unpredictable environment characterised with price fluctuations, change in consumer behavior and legal provisions. In order to cope with challenges accruing from these changes, organizations need to implement effective measures to counteract the same. This implies that change is inevitable and that any organization desiring to transform into learning and dynamic organization should be ready to change. The rate at which organization need to change has increased steadily in the last few years especially with the advancement of science and technology coupled with the emergence of the computer era. Many organization have integrated technology ...

The 4 layers of diversity are; first layer is internal dimensions, which are not in a person’s control, however, they impact expectations and attitudes of others like physical bodies. Second layer is the external dimensions which represent the individual differences, and this can be controlled by an individual in terms of their socio economic and upbringing entities. The third layer represents the organizational dimension which is based on the employment status, environment or histories (Kinicki, 2006). Lastly, the fourth layer is the personality, which is found at the core or in the middle as they represent the stable characteristics ...

The preparation of a budget

The preparation of a clinical trial budget is a team based undertaking that not only requires the input of those who are conducting the study but also consultants (Benson, 2009). Coming up with a budget entails the consideration of three types of costs: direct costs, opportunity costs and indirect costs. The direct costs are the costs that are specifically related to the study that is being conducted (Woodin, 2004). Indirect costs are the costs are used for the facilitation of the necessary infrastructure for conducting the study. Examples of indirect costs are rent, internet charges and insurance. Opportunity costs on the other ...

The warning letter to Dr. Teasley was sent due to the unacceptable clinical research activities that were conducted by the clinical officer. In the case, Dr. Teasley failed to conduct the clinical research himself and in addition, he failed to supervise the research activities that were conducted by his clinic. In this regard, the doctor failed to obey the laws set by the government concerning conduct of clinical investigations and the regulations put in place by food and drug administration. According to the statement signed by Dr. Teasley, it was stated that the doctor would conduct the clinical investigation ...

Introduction

The debate about using prisoner as test subjects in clinical researches has been in the public domain for a while now. This is especially disturbing given the fact that the use of these vulnerable members of the society as test subjects can be traced back to the pre-World War II era. However, it must be mentioned that the use of prisoners as test subjects was greatly fuelled by WWII. For instance in the year 1944, inmate affiliated to penal institutions in the state consented to being infected with malaria as part of clinical research to develop effective drugs to combat ...

Please read and critically appraise the attached Data Management plan according to the criteria below. Using this document, please type your answers below each item. I am looking for short, succinct answers to these questions. When you have finished, save the document with the following file name: HCR562 EXAM (your last name) and email it to me.

INTRODUCTION:

Were the aims and purpose of the study clearly stated? ( provide more than just yes or no)

Not really. First of all, this data management plan (DMP) was not developed for a study, but rather to detail the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre’s (MNC) ...

Nursing fellowships have increased over the last couple of years. In the nursing profession, situations and various medical conditions are changing while new ones develop. Nurses are constantly facing new and complex challenges while attending to their duties. Introduction of nursing fellowship programs is oriented to address these situations by equipping the nurses with current and evidenced-based technology. Organizations such as the ACS (American College of Surgeons) and various groups in the medical field are providing more information regarding the best trauma practices. Additionally, they are ensuring that there is improved trauma care all over the world. Nursing ...

Science has always relied on experimentation and research in trying to arrive at logical conclusion based on the results of such research. Clinical tests have always been performed on human and non-human subjects. Without thorough regulation in the industry, some researchers have used humans as test subjects, in some cases, against their will. Such cases were prevalent in mid 1900s when medical science was advancing at a very fast rate. However, these scientists did not value ethical concerns of the test subjects and thus these subjects faced inhuman conditions and in most cases died from the experimentation. There was need ...

Implementation of an evidence-based practice program

The pool of medical workers who graduated more than a decade ago actually increases every year, and whether we like it or not, they may have missed a lot of medical updates and new practices during their time in clinics or academia. A medical professional has to stay updated with the latest trends and practices in the medical field because he may be able to use these trends in treating and administering proper plans of care to his patients. Evidence-based practice has the potential to improve overall patient outcomes because it uses valid, researched, and tested evidence that serve as options ...

For this study, it was hypothesized that the reaches and walking endurance of children with spastic CP were strengthened and reinforced after a physical therapy treatment is given to the subjects.

Chapter V. Theoretical Frame Work /Conceptual Framework

Pediatric Endurance and Limb Strengthening for children with Cerebral Palsy or “PEDALS” is one of four projects sponsored by the Physical Therapy Clinical Research Network (PTClinResNet), which is a member of the Inventory and Evaluation of Clinical Research Networks (IECRN). According to Fowler et al (2007), the PTClinREsNet was initially established in the year 2002, to espouse the research that investigated the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions. This national network ...

IMPACT OF DISASTERS ON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM OR APPROACH

It is true that natural as well as man made disasters impinge on human existence without warning regardless of how diligent meteorological stations are, internationally. Also, Central Intelligence Agencies are always predicting impending situations, but this can be merely speculations even when scientific evidence supports them. Predictions, do not always accurately determine time and place of attacks and it can entail ongoing tedious investigation processes. In the presence of such uncertainties social service structures concerned with disaster awareness and intervention should always be alert to such eventualities that plague the universe manifesting as earthquakes, tornadoes, flooding, hurricanes, fires, bombings, ...

A number of recent events have brought to light the need to reinforce ethical conduct in scientific research. However, historically there have been a number of known cases that have, to varying degrees, demonstrated heinous acts of ethical misconduct regarding human research abuses.

The event and its impact on reform in clinical research practices

The willowbrook state school was an institution which was designed for the key reason of treating young children who has problems with intellectual disabilities. It was mostly vital in the treatment of children with a disability in the New York City. In the duration of 1930 to 1987, most children suffered from mentally handicapped related sickness (Murphy, 2004). ...

HYGIENE PRACTICES IN A HEALTH CARE UNIT

Research Details This research is meant to identify the challenges encountered when implementing the hand washing program within a health unit. The research therefore is like a feedback tool, following the previous project.

Research Question

What are the challenges associated with implementing a staff hand washing program, and what are its advantages and disadvantages? Research Aims The aim of this research study is to find out challenges encountered during the implementation of the staff hand washing program, as well as ways to overcome the challenges, so as to ensure total success of the program. Another aim of this research is to ...

Testing Drug Safety and Efficacy by Martin King

Article Summary

In this article, King, (2010), explores how general practice nurses (GPNs) and general practitioners (GPs) can work with CROs (Contract Research Organizations) and also how patients are selected in participation in clinical trials. The trend in patient treatment leans towards personalized treatment. This is because patients respond individually to treatment as a result of various factors like genetic make-up, status of disease, sex and age. Research processes are investigating the application of matching genetic makeup and drugs. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) ask patients for voluntary blood samples which are analyzed for drug responsiveness which are then matched with ...