Essays on Degeneration

Neurodegenerative Disorder

Introduction Neurodegenerative disorders refer to debilitating health care complications that occur because of slow degeneration of nerves cells. Neurodegeneration process is the progressive deterioration of structure and functionality of neurons in human body systems (Kovacs, 2016, 189). Ideally, neurodegenerative disorders represent the long-standing challenges in the field of basic science and clinical medicine. This is because of the persistence showed by the illnesses despite the unending attempts to adopt solutions to mitigate their health effects and severity on patients. The diseases affect the neurons in the human brain. As a result, it causes instabilities in the brain and spinal ...

My story is based on the life of my 65-year-old neighbor. For two decades we have lived together in the neighborhood. His charming voice and endless jokes kept me close to him. Being a former marine, he would share the different stories of the missions he attended during his at service. After his retirement in the early 1990s, he relocated to Arizona from California. The only strange thing in his life was the loneliness he was comfortable living alone. I assumed this is because of the side effects he encountered as a soldier, therefore, keeping his life personal and ...

Introduction

How materials behave is dependent on various factors, some of which include their mechanical properties. When the material experiences various loading conditions, its behavior reflects its mechanical conditions as well as the effect of the loading conditions. When a material experiences various loading conditions, the material experiences either shear stress, tensile strength, or compressive strength. The tensile properties of a material relate to its ability support any axial loads to which it is subjected without rapturing (Department of Engineering. 2007). When a material is subjected to tensile stress, the deformation that occurs is in the form of elongation or ...

Literature has always been something that hogged my attention and interest right from a very tender age. I remember how my mother would read out the fairy tales to me when I was a child. As I grew up, I developed a strong interest in reading fiction. My parents would buy me some of the best books, while I would spend hours reading those books at a stretch. In retrospect, I believe that I have always been a very compulsive reader. Once I started reading a text and got hooked to it, I could just focus on anything else ...

The utilization of cigarettes is a major public health issue and is considered a harmful and highly addictive habit. Many different people smoke for various reasons, including to relieve stress because tobacco use can give the user pleasure and calmness. Smoking also harms the people around the smoker as they become passive smokers. Hundreds of thousands of people are diagnosed daily with the effects of smoking, for example, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and deteriorated dental hygiene. Tobacco use is an expensive affair, usually costing the average smoker about $5 a day, $35 a week, $140 a month, and approximately $1, ...

There can be no denial of the fact that literature is the true mirror of the society of the world. Indeed, there are innumerous examples of seminal literary works penned by various literary artists that have come to reflect the picture of the individual and the society with utmost perfection and artistic skill. As such, one can take into reckoning the short story A Good Man Is Hard to Find, by Flannery O’Connor that can very well be taken to be an exploration of the degeneration of the individual self and the moral values of life in the ...

Pathophysiology

One of the most important parts of achieving the goal of being able to meet the patient’s entire healthcare (i.e. nursing) needs is to ensure that the underlying disease’s pathophysiology is well understood by all the stakeholder groups. These groups, in this case, would include the medical and healthcare practitioners, patients, and their respective family members. It would be a lot easier to instruct a patient to have a patient undergo a prescribed healthcare routine once he understands the nature of his condition, why each procedure is being done, and how they collectively contribute to the end-goal ...

It needs to be reckoned that literature goes on to mirror the society and the culture. Innumerable examples can be cited where the authors have delved into the socio-cultural or socio-economic factors of the world around in their texts through their creative eyes. Now, after the Second World War, the literature of the world saw the responses of the creative artist catering to the needs of the post-war era that encompassed human existence with all its surmounting effect. One can take into consideration the works of the stalwart poet, T.S. Eliot, who engaged in exploring the socio-political dynamics during ...

Eugenics is a teaching that calls people to struggle with the phenomena of degeneration of the gene pool of humanity with the help of selection with regard to people. The very first concepts about eugenics were introduced to the public in 1865's article "Heredity Talent and Character" by Francis Galton, an English psychologist, where he suggested investigating the phenomena that could improve mental abilities, physical health and talent of subsequent generations. The very term eugenics was introduced later in 1883, and Galton himself described it as a science that analyzed the factors that could improve the inherent qualities of ...

South University

This is a proposed care plan on a case study of a 40-year-old Asian American male, working as a roofer, with complains of low back pain. As such, to have full comprehension of the patient’s case and a comprehensive care plan, I intend to carry out in-depth literature review from the authentic databases and propose suitable evidence based care strategic plans in view of the complaints, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.

Analyzing the Disorder

Low back pain is acute or chronic disorder that is manifested by pains at the lower back (Kantor and Creek, 2015). Patients might have back firmness, diminished development ...

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

The symptoms appearing as a result of Multiple sclerosis are believed to be a result of blockage in the conduction as a result of defects in the synaptic junctions of the nerves, the defects could be demyelination and inflammation of the nerves (Smith and MacDonald, 1999). There is focal demyelination of the nerves, where the myelin sheath is damages but the axonal continuity remains undisturbed. The difference between Wallerian degeneration and Multiple sclerosis lies in the fact that in the former one there is degeneration of the axon also. Other features that can be observed in case of multiple ...

Selection from an 8 year-period of pulmonary valve replacement and cross sectional follow up of a commercially available biological valve, assessed with established and a new method

What This Thesis Is About

Pulmonary valve replacement is a procedure necessary in many congenital heart defects and in-valve degeneration cases. Surgical results are excellent, but the longevity of artificial valves is very limited. Our goal was to give a retrospective overview of methods and results from the year 2000 until 2008 at Rikshospital, as well as the prospective five year follow-up of a biological valve made from bovine pericardium. Follow up included clinical examination with ECG, echocardiography, spirometry, treadmill testing, echocardiography ...

- Discuss how Mr. Davis’s loss of sight is affecting the way he treats others and is treated by them?

As a front liner of the health care industry, it is my responsibilty to assist the patients and the doctors. Knowing that Mr. Davis is old, has poor eyesight, and haven’t been to a doctor for quite some time, I would welcome and assist him as soon as he enters the clinic. I would greet him warmly with a smile and introduce myseld to him. Then I will guide him to a seat as I let the doctor know that ...

The Rotator Cuff - Overview

As defined in the article “Rotator Cuff Injury and Inflammation” the rotator cuff is in the shoulder joint, and comprises four muscles called: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, and Teres minor respectively. They are illustrated in Figure 1 below, reproduced from the same article: (Reproduced from “Rotator Cuff Injury and Inflammation”) As described in the referenced article, these muscles function together to help the movement of the shoulder joint and stabilise it.

Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention of Rotator Cuff Injuries

According to Wedro and Stöppler (Ed.) in their article “Rotator Cuff Disorders” (n.d.), the usual cause of a problem ...

The Hearing Process and Presbycusis

Hearing is the second most indispensable process, in conjunction to the special senses of the humans. The process is particularly vital, and it comprises of the auditory mechanism, sensation, perception, and interpretation of the information in the brain. The anatomy of the hearing process encompasses the external ear; auricle, meatus and ear drum, the middle ear, which consists of the ossicles, oval window, round window, and the opening into the Eustachian tube, and inner ear, which entails, cochlea and vestibular apparatus (Kiernan & Barr, 2009: Garrett, 2011). The ear and the hearing system are always accompanied by different malfunction. In ...

In your opinion, how does the principle of separation between church and state compare in theory and in practice in the United States? Provide specific examples. The Establishment Clause was aimed at prohibiting state sponsored religion leading to the doctrine of separation of church and state. Thomas Jefferson referred for the first time this separation as “wall of separation between Church and State.” This principle is a unique American vision. As far as the interpretation and meaning of Establishment clause is concerned, there are three major theories. According to the strict separation theory, the religion and state should ...

Its role in Microglia causing dopamine cell death

This assignment is being submitted on June 18, 2015 Introduction The list of prominent neurodegenerative disorders has Alzheimer’s at the topmost level and closely following it is the Parkinson’s disease. The latest researches pertaining to the Parkinson’s pathogenesis have narrowed down to the crucial relevance of Neuroinflammation and establishment of microglia. Thus there has to be a concrete substantiation to prove that Neuroinflammation has a significant contribution in causing Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Another approach to ratify the same can be done by proposing that genetic deficiency is not the sole cause for ...

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is grouped under movement disorders. This group comprises of disorders that relate to various unusual body movements. In addition, these odd movements are linked to the neurological system. For example, conditions such as ataxia, cerebral palsy and Tourette syndrome fall under this category. Parkinson’s disease refers to a progressive disorder of the nervous system which influences an individual’s movement, writing and speech (Simuni, 2009). This infection is characterized by symptoms that develop in a gradual manner, and may start as a slight tremor of the hand. The disease is also associated with stiffness of muscles which ...

Introduction

Irritant contact dermatitis results from the exposure of the skin to irritants. The function of the skin is to protect an individual from dehydration, irradiation, mechanical trauma and direct exposure to harmful sensitizing irritant chemicals (Johansen, Frosch and Lepoittevin, 2010). Perturbation of the skin barrier may lead to development of irritant contact dermatitis. Jack’s line of work, which deals with using abrasive solvents and chemical are a cause of the irritation he is experiencing. A small perturbation of the skin might have resulted to an entry of an irritant, which further impaired the skin causing an increase in irritation ...

It is often believed that back pain is the mainly caused as a result of Scoliosis. Many people believe in this myth because in degeneration of the spine the muscles gets stiffer with age and the spine loses its structural dependability with maturing and progressively creates unusual arches that can be terrible and lead to indications including back pain, leg issues (deadness, weight, shivering, pain and shortcoming) and progressive trouble in walking which obliges successive rests and movement impediment. The study conducted by Buttermann (2008) enlisted scoliosis and control patients, every one of whom had evaluation for back pain ( ...

For many individuals the American Dream represents the aspirations and hopes of individuals in general. Many generations of Americans lived by the American Dream and foster their freedom and liberty. The American Dream started as a revolutionary idea that each individual possess the right to follow the freedom to achieve a better life through dedication and hard work. Nonetheless, the changes in the global market led to the American Dream becoming an expectation about making money and owning material possessions. Many immigrants have come into the country to seek freedom, liberty, and achieve a good lifestyle. But, there is more to the ...

#1. Observations Human beings are morphologically diverse. Compared to other primates, human beings show less variation. We differ considerably in our external appearances (eye color, hair color, skin color, hair texture, skin texture, blood group types- A,B, AB and O, height, build, facial features, etc) and our physiology. However despite all these variations, the genome of each and every human being is 99 percent identical (Lai CQ, 2010). It is also interesting to note that humans and chimpanzees share 98 percent of the genome. The study of these genetic variations is very important to geneticists. The allelic ...

Electronic devices may be deemed the crowning achievement of decades-long scientific efforts in their own right, signifying the human quest for ultimate comfort. People are so used to utilizing electronic devices in their everyday activities that they seem to have become inseparable from their life. Of course, there is no denying they do a lot to facilitate human lives by connecting people, updating on the latest news, revealing weather broadcast, allowing watching movies, to name only a number of benefits. While used by many, electronic gadgets do not necessarily mean they pose no threat to human health. One should not disregard ...

The Intervertebral Disc Disease

The intervertebral disc disease is a condition that involves herniation, deterioration and intervertebral disc dysfunction. The condition is common among the aging group. As a person is aging, the nucleus pulposus gradually dehydrate, and this limits its ability to transfer and uniformly distribute the loads inter-vertabrally. Instead, the loads are transferred non-uniformly via the annulus fibrosus as it undergoes a progressive structural degeneration (Shankar, 2009). This condition gradually manifests itself in the form of pain as one is carrying a heavy load. However, the severity of the condition varies from one individual to the other. Disc degeneration has become a relatively common concern among ...

Introduction

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness with strong and consistently reported causal linkages with cigarette smoking. Econometric analyses have demonstrated sufficient rationale in promoting smoking cessation as an effective strategy for primary prevention of AMD (Hurley et al, 2008). Japan shares many of the contemporary health issues with the developed countries including its demographic profile (long life expectancy, aging population) and disease burden (lifestyle related disorders). The prevalence of AMD in Japanese population has been found comparable to that in White population (Nakata et al, 2013).This provides sufficient basis for replication of evidence-based strategies ...

Introduction

This is a hereditary disease that has slow brain striatum atrophy (Gil and Rego). For several years, a Huntington’s disease patient may go through unrestrained movements, mental impairment and behavioral commotions. Finally, Huntington’s disease patients get totally reliant on a caregiver. The disease is an autosomal dominant condition that affects the equally two genders.

Statistics

The statistics of the Huntington’s disease indicate that out of 100,000 individuals globally, 5 to 10 will have the condition. The disease can attack males and females of every ethnic background (World Health Organization). It is prevalent globally, but, there are geographic regions where ...

Introduction

Current research demonstrates that over seventy percent of the protein coding genes in humans are related to those found in zebra fish. In addition, about 84 percent of the genes that are commonly linked to human disease have a counterpart in the zebra fish. The research therefore highlights the huge importance of the zebra fish species as a human disease research model organism. The zebra fish is a tiny tropical fish that is commonly found in the tropical rivers of South Asia and India (see graphic at the end of essay). Ostensibly, a zebra fish may appear to be a bizarre comparator to humans. ...

Adequate physical activity has been shown to benefit older adults by reducing the risks for age-related physical degeneration including osteoporosis, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and a higher likelihood of falling (Tiedemann et al., 2011; Ewald et al., 2009). Exercise also helps alleviate depression (Lee et al., 2013). However, a sedentary lifestyle has increasingly become the norm among older adults. Inadequate physical activity is defined as engaging in moderate-intensity exercise for a duration that is less than the recommended 2.5 hours per week or failing to do moderate exercise for 30 minutes on most days of the week (Jancey et al., 2008; ...

Deviation is about breaking rules, searching for the factors in individual’s personality and situations in life that accounts for infractions. Individuals are treated and labeled in many ways when they tend to believe in individualism. Self-identity and people’s behavior greatly influence how they will be treated by society members. Individualism is characterized by a self-fulfilling prophecy and they are many stereotypes that accompany deviance. The labeling theory explains how self-identity shapes the way that a person will be treated; it states that deviation is rejected and those who hold on are avoided by the society. Stigmatization therefore occurs and ...

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Visually Impaired

A visual impaired individual is one who looses the function of vision, which occurs when a part of the eye or the brain that processes images becomes diseased or damaged. Visual impairment is a situation where a person has sight problem that cannot be rectified by the use of glasses or contact lenses. The human eye has an iris that regulates the amount of light passing through the pupil. It also has a cornea that focuses light, and a retina that changes the light signals into nerve signals that form an image when sent to the brain. When the retina or the optic nerve ...

1.0 Introduction Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition caused by trisomy 21 (the presence of three copies of chromosome 21 rather than two). Although the actual cause of Down syndrome remains unknown, several risk factors increase the chances of a baby being born with the disorders. The primary risk factor, is the maternal, with about 80% of the cases of Down syndrome occurring in babies born by women above the age of 35. Other risk factors are genetic predisposition (indicated by siblings, another baby or parent with Down syndrome), immunologic problems, hormonal abnormalities, viral infection or x-rays. The risk ...

Salvador Dali painted The Persistence of Memory in 1931, and today it is regarded among the 20th century’s most acclaimed and remembered paintings. This painting served as a means of introducing Surrealism in conventional America. The reason this painting has always been increasingly appealing, and has both encouraged and perplexed analysis and explanation is because Dali has effectively combined the dreamlike and the everyday, the illogical and symbolic, technology and nature. Even the hardness and softness in the painting create confusion. However, according to the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), these “baffling” qualities of the painting, especially the watches, ...

Abstract

The cognitive functioning of human beings declines over time. There is evidence to support that this degeneration in cognition results from the gradual breakdown of biological factors and actually starts quite early in life. By the time a person reaches late adulthood, several biological changes lead to reduced cognitive capacity that are commonly identified as signs of ageing. The decline, however, varies from person to person. While some elders face minor challenges such as poor memory and lack of focus, others can suffer from sever ailments such as depression, Alzheimer’s syndrome, and dementia. The steady decline in cognitive ability ...

Parkinson’s disease is the 2nd most common degenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It is the most common disorder that affects movement. Its symptoms include tremors while at rest, slowness, stiffness and impaired balance. Progression of the disease may affect speech, walking and the performance of simple tasks. The Progression and the severity of the disease vary from one person to another. While most patients live long productive lives, the disease progresses much faster in other patients leading to disability. About one million people have Parkinson’s disease in the United States and about 5 million around the ...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent disorder among the elderly citizens that is characterized by its steady progress, brain degeneration, and memory loss. I chose AD as my topic because it is one of the most common forms of dementia in people older than 65 years of age. Furthermore, AD is also a serious issue because there is no cure, so it impairs the quality of life for both patients and their families. Because AD will keep progressing through several stages until the patients die, it is important to educate the public about the prevention methods of AD and care ...

Globalization refers to the increased integration and global interconnectedness of markets, trade, culture and products. Globalization is enhanced by technological advancements and transnational investments. People around the world are getting more closely connected than before. Goods and services produced are becoming available in all parts of the world irrespective of where they were manufactured. Money and information is also flowing rapidly while international communication and travel are commonplace. This paper discusses the pros and cons of globalization.

Pros of Globalization

There are several benefits that are a direct consequence of globalization. Firstly, companies have a wider market for the goods and services they produce ...

Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. Dementia is a term used to describe a variety of conditions and diseases that occur when the nerve cells in the brain degenerate or function abnormally. The degeneration of neurons results into changes in memory, behavior and cognitive functions. Alzheimer’s disease causes changes that eventually impair the ability of an individual to carry out bodily functions like walking and swallowing. The disease may ultimately lead to death. Early symptoms of the disease include gradual drop in the ability to recall new information. This is due to the disruptions of brain ...

Introduction

Genetic evolution refers to change(s) in inheritable traits occurring across succeeding generation of organisms. The change (evolution) is responsible for the diversity at all levels including the molecular level e.g. genetic variations, individual organisms in the same species (intra-species variations) and among species (interspecies variations). It is believed that all organisms emanated from common ancestry about 3.7 billion years ago and then evolved over time to the present biodiversity. Therefore all organisms have some shared traits at the morphological and molecular level with the species sharing a more recent ancestry having more similar traits. The process of evolution involves ...

Whenever the topic of abortion is raised in various channels, many would immediately call for anti-abortion due to its immoral and unethical background. Many religions have also denounced abortion as it claims innocent lives. Christianity is one of the staunchest rivals for those who believe abortion can be accepted as the heads of the religion believe that a fetus already has a life and killing it would be against the laws given by God. Nowadays, this argument is further escalated when proposals for legalizing abortion has gone underway. In the United States alone, abortion is legalized in some states and even ...

Outline

Introduction

Epidemiologists’ concerns

Reflection on epidemiologists professionals view points

Synopsis of each point of view

Conclusion

Medicine: Public Health Issues Introduction World Health Organization each week publishes a free News letter called, ‘Weekly Epidemiological Records. Pertinent trends in epidemiology are discussed from a professional perspective giving readers insights into how they predict the progress of disease and their effects on the population. In the following pages of this document the writer will highlight some of these concerns relating reflections while a synopsis is developed.

Epidemiologists’ concerns

A recent research regarding the most recent Weekly Epidemiological Records ranging from 4th February to November ...

And The Role inthe Daily Lives Of Caribbean People

Culture refers to the way of life of a people. It involves and includes how an ethnic group of people carry out their activities.The culture of a particular group of people can be categorized as having different aspects to it such as the material culture, the religious culture and even the linguistic culture. The cultural practices of a group of people serve as their identifying factor giving them a sense of belonging and self-worthiness. Such practices ensure the continuity of the people’s culture protecting it against extinction and degeneration from the face of the earth. Practices which ensure the progression of a ...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) which is also refered to by the public as Lou Gehrig's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. It is a form of motor neuron disease, which is rapidly progressive with degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. The implication of this is that there is associated complication leading to progressive weakness of muscle, atrophy and some other major voluntary muscular effects. This is because the attack is majorly on the nerve cells controlling the voluntary muscles.

The neurologic condition has been found to have both sporadic and inherited (familial) forms ( ...

The Role of Emotional Numbing in Sexual Functioning Among Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars

Step One

This article by, Nunnink S, Goldwaserf G, Afari N & Caroline M. (2010). Focus on the relationship between sexual functionality and emotional effects. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has detrimental effects to individuals’ sexuality, even though there are some minor studies have analyzed the specific constituents of PTSD leads to this renowned relationship. The phenomenon provides that there vital influential forces between sexuality and emotions. The mental deterrents have significant influences to individuals’ sexual lives.

The current evaluations analyzed the specific post traumatic stress disorder cluster that incorporates numbing, hyper arousal, avoidance and intrusiveness that were mostly critically ...

Telomerase also known as telomere terminal transferase is a type enzyme in all vertebrates that extends Die ribonucleic acid sequence by repeating TTAGGG to the Die ribonucleic acid terminal strands in the region known as the telomere. It is found in adult germ cells, fetal tissues, and tumor cells. Telomere is the region of repeated nucleotide, which is made up of non-coding Die ribonucleic acid material. The region prevents loss of vital Die ribonucleic acid from chromosome terminals. This results to only a hundred to two hundred nucleotides being lost each interval the chromosome is duplicates, thus no damage is caused ...

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a brain disorder which is commonly associated with the elderly. It affects the cognitive faculties because it causes a progressive decline in: language skills; memory; space and time; and ability to take care of one self and others (AA, 2011). AD is described as the most common cause of memory loss in people aged 65 and above. As one gets older, the risk of developing AD increases. Symptoms of AD may be mild or severe, depending on the disease progression and other factors. AD has the potential to severely limit the normal functioning of the patient. ...

Introduction

Boyz n the Hood is a film which was produced in 1991 depicting the American hood. It was directed by John Singleton and its main characters were Cuba Gooding Jr., Laurence Fishburne, Nia Long, Morris Chestnut, Regina King and Angela Basset. The movie reveals the way of life in the urban and poor South Central Los Angeles. Boyz n the Hood was declared ‘culturally significant’ in 2002 by the United States Library of Congress and preserved it in the National Film Registry (Singleton, 1991).

The Plot

The story begins in 1984 with four youths on their way to school. One of them ...

Introduction

Human cloning is the creation of identical human being in the laboratory. It is an artificial process and is conducted with stem cell research and biotechnology. Reproductive cloning would give rise to human clones. Animal cloning is practiced from past few years and with the birth of Dolly, the sheep cloning has become the prime research area of many scientists. The reproductive cloning is dealing with many controversial issues and is banned in several countries including United States. The discussion on should human cloning be legalized or banned is a discussion issue among the bio-research communities and there are many ...

A country without a focused young generation has got a dark future. The youth plays an important role in the development of a society. The indicators of a possible prosperous state are measured, using the present young population. They are quite often associated with creativity, innovation, high work rates and a burning desire to achieve big personal and career targets. They mature into adulthood, to become role models to the young. Besides that, they also engage in many, social functions like partying with friends. It’s during such functions that, most of them would want to practice, what they see on screen and friends. ...