Essays on Hurdle

The following literature review evaluates scholarly research on the challenges of entrepreneurship, project management and sustainable development in Africa. Based on the discussion meaningful implications and suggestions are mentioned towards the end. Africa is a land of magnificent natural sceneries and resources but even in the 21st century it is still considered the Dark Continent, bearing metaphorical meaning. It is the least developed continent in the world. Despite major efforts in improving the lives of Africans there are many challenges that face the continent.

Sustainable Development in Africa

Africa has immense natural resources and precious minerals. For decades the practice of finding energy ...

As a matter of fact and law, it is indeed true that to successfully bring a claim in negligence, the claimant has to prove on a balance of probabilities the existence of a duty of care, breach of that duty by the defendant and a resultant loss, harm or injury to them. This is known as "the three-part test" for negligence. In addition to these essential elements of the tort of negligence, no defenses should be applicable if a claim is to succeed. However, successfully proving the existence of these elements and getting remedies from courts is not a ...

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Analysis of the United Display Cases, Inc. (UDCI)

UDCI believed it has a good product but he still hasn’t able to attract investors or convince banks for financing. For this goal, UDCI needs to present its break-even operating capital and projections of production volume that will yield maximum profitability. A successful product launch can be a major point in convincing financiers and it would need a cost-effective marketing strategy as current finances are limited. For its plan to distribute through, it needs to determine a price it will pass to retailers that can generate more sales than direct selling. There are no direct ...

1.0. Introduction Every business is exposed to small and big risks in its internal and external business environment and risk management strategies are directed to eliminate, avoid, or manage these risks. An effective mechanism for risk management ensures the long term survival, growth, and profitability of an organization. The importance of risk management is peaking in the modern business climate that is much more characterized by uncertainties and risks than its classical form. Financial institutions, as well as all other types of organizations, are also faced with certain threats within their business life, and several of them, if not ...

The Effect of Attentional Focus on Hurdle Athletes Motor

Running Retention Area of Focus It is a common belief held by most beginner athletes that physical training is all it takes to win an athletic competition, be it swimming, skiing, hurdles, mountain climbing or golfing. Most athletes spend much of their time training to condition the body with the objective of being able to handle competition. Notable athletes such as Bolt, the 100 meter runner, and the fastest man recorded on the planet, is well endowed in masculine structure attained over time training. Therefore, is that all it takes? Emerging studies are approaching athleticism from a new and ...

Question 1

Historically, organizations focused on usage of traditional media outlets, which included newspapers, magazines as well as television as part of their advertisement strategies for their products and services. Traditional marketing, otherwise referred to as offline marketing, created some form of disconnection between consumers and organizations (Puccinelli, Wilcox, & Grewal, 2015). That created higher possibilities of failure in the marketing processes, as consumers believed that the products delivered did not suit their individual expectations. That acted as one of the key disadvantages of using traditional marketing strategies within a given marketing campaign. However, this limited organizational understanding of consumer needs and ...

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Introduction

Galaxy Micro Systems is in the middle of deciding what kind of contract it will tie up with a national franchiser for three years service warranty. There are two alternatives; one is a lump sum contract paid out at the onset. The other is combination of a smaller fixed sum and an installment payment schedule spread over three years. Both schemes appear to be acceptable to Galaxy but there are parameters that need to be defined to make the decision. There is also a significant potential sale that needs to be assessed as it will influence ...

1. The capital budgeting system for Target has three different entities. These entities include the real estate managers, the research and planning group, and the capital expenditure committee. The approval process of the capital budget allocation will start with the proposals that are passed on to the real estate managers, which they manage the specific geographical regions. The real estate managers will develop the proposal by gathering and satisfying the different details and all of the requirements in order to prepare it for the pitch to the CEC. The proposal is processed would then be sent to research and ...

Introduction about the Company

Honeywell is one of the globally leading US-based conglomerates, with earning revenue of $23.65 billion, as per 2001 available figures. It has numerous products, used in multiple areas of different industry segments and production facilities in all corners of the world. Aerospace is Honeywell’s leading industry segment where its experience of the line benefits the customers all around the world. Otherwise, Honeywell’s technology product range is quite varied. It is a leader in the manufacturing of technology products. Customers around the globe depend on Honeywell for its aerospace control technologies used in towers, houses and industry; automotive ...

Introduction

Graham and Harvey surveyed about 4,440 firms chief finance officers, and only 392 reviews came back. Large enterprises rely primarily on present value methods, capital structure and capital asset pricing models whereas small businesses likely use the payback period technique (Graham 12). Companies are more concerned about sustaining financial flexibility, healthy credit rating, stock appreciation, and EPS (earnings per share) dilution, especially when the entities are issuing equity. Little evidence was also found that organizational executives have a great concern about asymmetric information, personal taxes, free cash flows, and asset substitution. There is also some support for trade ...

Net Present Value

The Net Present Value is used in estimating the potential value of every project by applying the discounted cash flow valuation that requires an estimation of the size and time of all cash flows that increases from the project (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2016). However, NPV is affected greatly by the discounting rate. Therefore, making a selection on the proper rate that is sometimes known as the hurdle rate is essential during decision making. Moreover, this should make a reflection on the riskiness of the investment because it is typically measured by the unpredictability of cash flows. Therefore, it must take ...

and Hurdle Rates in Nordic firms This article discussed the study conducted about the factors that affected the choice of capital budgeting methods among five Nordic countries. It was noted that the Net Present Value method has been considered as the best option in the evaluation of investment decisions. Some of the complexities associated with the use of NPV in terms of its application in capital budgeting and the setting of discount rates lead to this study, which concentrated on the administration of the survey from firms located in Nordic countries. The research revealed that the Discounted Cash Flow ...

Article Review

and Hurdle Rates in Nordic firms This article is a discussion of a study conducted about the factors that affects the choice of capital budgeting methods among five Nordic countries. It was noted that the Net Present Value method has been considered as the best option in the evaluation of investment decisions. However, some of the complexities associated with the use of NPV in terms of its application in capital budgeting and the setting of discount rates lead to this study, which concentrated on the administration of the survey from firms located in Nordic countries. The research revealed that ...

Executive Summary

This paper deals with the analysis of various capital budgeting techniques for the replacement of the new equipment. The company has got the proposal for the replacement of the old equipment with the new equipment that will produce more and reduce the cost. Considering all the aspects necessary for capital budgeting like tax rate, initial outlay, annual cash flow and differential cash flow; the analysis is done. In simple words, it is like performing the feasibility analysis of the project in terms of finance. The techniques like IRR and NPV is used to make the decision. In addition to ...

Use of Single Company- Wide Cost of Capital for Analyzing Capital Expenditures

First of all, it must be understood that the overall riskiness of a firm is quite different than that of vulnerabilities associated with any specific division (business unit or segment) and project. Depending upon the overall risk of any organization and its capital structure formation, managers often use weighted average cost of capital (WACC) while the discount rate for any segment and project may be higher or lower . Therefore, first thing which managers should do is evaluate the riskiness and cost of capital for any specific business unit or project. Afterwards, the company-wide cost of capital should be determined ...

Question 1

As described in question, it becomes clear that the meetings are held in and the process of any system as to pass through three important stages. One of them is the requirement stage; the second is the preliminary design stage and the critical stage. This is correct as the system, and the procedure is organized, although it is not wrong to say that any system is not devoid of any error. Any small error may affect the communication project. A very common one is that as even if one of the people is not there he is not able ...

Executive Summary

In this report, the discussion explains the controls required to prevent physical and chemical contamination of food. It compared the characteristics of food borne infections and food poisoning. It further discussed how to control food borne illnesses. It categorized the food spoilage agents and discussed methods of food preservation. It highlighted the importance of effective prevention systems in control of food contamination with two case studies. It also constructed a food hazard assessment, a food safety control system and a food safety guide.

The given is the report that was sent by the Compliance Officer of the hotel when the incident of a ...

Report to the CEO

Financial management is a broad filed; in which there are number of concepts are buried. Among number of concepts, the name of capital budgeting and investment appraisal is one of them, which has its own significance and importance. The financial statement of an organization is the end document of a company which analyzes and presents different financial information accordingly. Basically a financial statement is comprises on different things, which predominantly are, income statement, balance sheet, cash flow and statement of changes in equity. In this particular assignment, which is all about capital budget and investment appraisal technique, it is required to recommend ...

Each industry has certain barriers to entry that limit the number of competitors in the market and enable control. There are basically four barriers to entry including ownership of resources, copyrights, restrictions by the government and the cost to start-up the business. In the discount retail industry, the overall threat of the entry of new competitors is relatively low as compared to the other retail industries. The biggest reason is the high barriers to entry in terms of competition, capital and investors. The retailers in this industry have global presence with hundreds of outlets in the chains. They specially ...

Techniques for analyzing capital budgeting have changed a lot in due course. With different techniques, many analysts believe that techniques that consider the time value of money are more useful. Methods, like payback period, which is old, have a disadvantage of not using the time valuably and which at the end will fall. The older methods will be replaced by the newer and better methods. There are different capital budgeting techniques that investors use and there is no specific technique that every investor would be using. So it is the choice of the investors to select which method he wants to. ...

- Evaluation of the Company’s Objectives

The corporate objectives of Aztec Catering, a company providing catering services to businesses, schools, colleges, hospitals and retirement houses in the United Kingdom are the following:

These corporate objectives of the company require substantial work to refine, extract and direct the company towards profitability, sustainability and growth. The first step in refining the corporate objectives of the company is to be familiar with what a corporate objective is. Faucett (2012), defines corporate objectives as ”statements of intent that provide the basic direction for the activities of an organization in pursuit of its mission.” This means that a corporate objective is a broad, ...

Midland Energy is a global company, which operates in oil and gas exploration refining and marketing (R&M), and production (E&P) and petrochemicals sectors. The major objective of the financial strategy of midland is to invest in the projects that are valuable, to achieve an optimal structure for the capital, to fund the substation growth and repurchasing of shares that are undervalued. In addition, it is necessary to calculate the cost of capital if midland wants to meet all the objectives. There is different level of risks for all the divisions of the midland, therefore a single corporate WACC cannot be ...

There has been an ineffective penal system for punishing criminals. The government should aim at getting tough on criminal activities to ensure that the society becomes safe and comfortable in a criminal free environment. However, there has been conflicting influences in the penal system that has proved to be inefficient in protecting people from crime. Law makers have tried to raise issues to solve the problems within the penal system but with less success because the criminals have always been given less punishments. For a penal system to be effective, it should focus on reasonable principles and should serve the purpose ...

Chapter 7 Selective Hiring

In your opinion, what are of some necessary characteristics of a great potential employee for a hospitality business? For at least three of the characteristics you mentioned, explain why you feel they are necessary. Employees in the hospitality business need to have certain characteristics that will guarantee services provided are adequate. The hospitality business relates to more of how clients are provided with what they need, therefore, employee’s ability to relate and address client’s concerns becomes critical. One of the necessary characteristics of hospitality employees is that they need to have enthusiasm. Enthusiastic employees are in a better position ...

An American immigrant leaves his or her mother country in search of business opportunities as well as expectations of a superior lifestyle associated with America. These particular expectations are often hinged on the fact they could achieve better lifestyles via better work and schooling opportunities in the United States. Nevertheless, this isn't always the situation. These particular immigrants experience a lot of issues from their new surroundings such as language climate and lifestyle which, to a large extend, influence their successes or failures in the United States. They influence their economic as well as social standing within their new environment and, therefore, ...

Purpose of the Paper

Every business that strives for success needs to define success. A goal or set of goals is referred to the success. The paper focus is towards providing complete details on goal setting and use of goal setting strategies to achieve success in an organizational environment. Further, the paper will analyze FedEx goal setting application within the organization. Moreover, the paper will discuss the external and internal factors of FedEx through analyzing the trends, threats and competitive advantage of the management external and internal environment. The Porter Five Forces Model is used to examine the threats/challenges faced by the company ...

Introduction

The main perspective of this assignment is to analyze the proposal of a hypothetical company. The name of the company is Recreation Facilities Limited (RFL) which operates a number of sports complexes. AKS is one of the sports complex located in the major city. There is a case has been given with the assignment in which different numerical things have been used. There is a need to come up with a report to the senior management in order to recommend them about to accept or reject the proposal of AKS by analyzing its effect over the net income and financial position of the company. ...

Criticisms of Payback and Simple Rate of Return Methods

Payback Period and Simple Rate of Return Methods are among the tools used in capital budget budgeting. Payback period measures the length of time to recoup an investment, while the simple rate of return method, also known as Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) provides the expected income for the entire life of a capital investment (Investopedia, 2014).

The formulas to calculate for these two methods are:

- Payback Period = Cost of Project / Annual Cash Inflows

Criterion: The project that has shorter payback period is deemed better.

- Simple Rate of Return= Average profit /Initial investment

Criterion: Choose the project with higher returns or exceeds the hurdle rate.

Although considered as the simplest method in appraising capital investments, one of the criticisms with the payback period method is it ignores benefits from ...

I would ask Peter Lynch a question on the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The reason is that it is used to calculate the firm’s average cost after all the tax has been deducted. In addition, WACC is used in discounting cash flows for calculation of NPV and effectively the valuations for business analysis and investment.

A corporation has one million shares of common stock currently trading at $30 per share. Current risk free rate is 4%, market risk premium is 8% and the company has a beta of 1.2.

It also has 50,000 bonds with of $1,000 par paying 10% coupon annually maturing in 20 years currently trading at $950.

The tax rate is 30%. Calculate the weighted average ...

CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS THAT IMPACT WOMEN PARTICIPATING IN CONTINUING HIGHER EDUCATION.

Chapter one Introduction Pursuant of further education is the key to succeeding in the competitive job and business market (Jean-Marie and Lloyd-Jones, 2011).Research has shown that chief executive offices of top companies hold more than just a basic degree. Post-secondary education also gives people a chance to develop skills in area of their interest and hence increase satisfaction in one’s life. Inequalities have been seen to exist in the participation in post compulsory education that is usually sponsored by the federal government. These disparities are largely visible in pursuant of higher education. These inequalities have been seen ...

Blue Ocean Strategy is a book authored by Renee Mauborgne and W. Chan Kim that dwells on strategic business moves companies can make to tap into uncontested markets. The book, published in 2005, embodies the emergence of rapid change and innovation in recent years while at the same time injecting dynamism in business strategy. The book classifies businesses into two groups; Red Oceans and Blue Oceans. The former group, Kim and Mauborgne note comprises of static businesses that dwell on battling competitors. A strategy that is highly unlikely to bring forth a prospect of profit growth to companies that practice it. ...

History

History of women’s rights in the United States goes back nearly 70 years before Jeannette Rankin’s entry into congress . The reforms were concerned about broad range of issues before focusing on franchise for women. The first gathering in support of their rights was health in 1848 in Seneca Falls, NY. The movement carried onwards in waves, and concentrated in addressing social and institutional barriers. In 1869, the movement divided into two factions: National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA); and American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). The next turning point came in early 1890s, when United States experienced surge in ...

- Introduction Solar energy is one derived from the sun and can provide socio-economic benefits as well as facilitate in minimizing the greenhouse effect. This can be differentiated from conventional thermal power generation plants that depend on energy from fossil fuels including petroleum, coal or gas. In this growing world, demand for electricity is increasing day by day. According to Osuagwu et al., (2011), “Information technology has opened up tremendous vista for modern societies." A careful analysis of case studies suggested that many countries have major drawbacks in the context of IT application for electric power. In many ...

- The Causes of Global Warming Global Warming has always been an issue of debate, with environmentalists vehemently raising their voice against it. The main reason cited for global warming by researchers is the emission of greenhouse gases largely because of ever-increasing population and related changes in standard of living (Derek Markham, 2009). The main greenhouse gases causing this effect are carbon dioxide, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and methane (WMO, 2011). These are caused mainly by burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gases for generation of electricity, running vehicles, warming and other industrial processes. - ...

Administrative modification, powered by an extension of information technology, may have underwrote to the erosion of the previously established relationship between company size and the quantitative investment appraisal criteria selected. Seemingly, companies are by means of utilizing more methods composed, while the use of the more urbane discounted cash flow. However, systems are sophisticated, and that use of the less hypothetically sound accounting rate of return technique seems to be reduced, than aforementioned studies would have recommended of businesses . Consequently, accounting modification may result from procedures ascending within an organization in which it is operational, while as of ...

Contemporary times have seen the African race in the United States referred to as African-Americans. Previously there have emerged numerous terms to describe this race made up of people of African descent. The words, black and Afro-Americans have constantly been used in the recent past. However, this community has come to be widely recognized as the African-Americans. Many writers and radicals in the 60s have defied these polite terms and have constantly used the label Negro and Black. These have however been widely considered racial insults. African-Americans claim their ancestry to captive Africans who were taken up for slavery ...

- NPV= -C0 + C1/ (1+r) + C2 / (1+r)2 + C3/(1+r)3 + Cn/(1+r)n

-Co refers to the amount which was initially invested C refers to the cash flow r refers to the hurdle rate n stands for the time

Depreciation is an expense that is tax deductible

Years Amount Tax effect After- tax cash flows Depreciation 12% factor Present Tax shield value 0 (2140000) - 2140000 1.0 (2140000) 1 (1050000) (1-0.4) (630000) 14099 0.8929 (549938) 2 10250000 (1-0.4) 6150000 14099 0.7972 5015170 3 10250000 (1-0.4) 6150000 14099 0.7118 4477920 4 11250000 (1-0.4) ...

Statistics show that despite the federal government’s spending close to one billion dollars a year to stem crime in the United States of America and the criminal justice system’s best of efforts to arrest it, gun violence still takes approximately 30,000 lives a year and injures another 75,000 if the reports from the Census Bureau and the Federal Bureau of Investigations are anything to go by. It does not help that the same is a regularly debated and dicey political issue that is ironically most common in poor urban areas frequently associated with gang violence, on most occasions ...

Introduction

Managing human resource is critical for any organization to deliver value to its customers, employees, shareholders and other stakeholders. Some of the aspects of human resource management include; recruiting, developing, motivating and compensating employees. Effective HR management also requires an understanding of broader issues that affect a business such as legal issues, socio-economic issues and globalization. This paper seeks to evaluate four critical aspects of HR management by review different articles. The four aspects are; minimum wage, training, group compensation and recruitment

Minimum Wage

In most countries, including in the United States, there is a legal provision on the lowest amount an employer ...

Sustainability has no clear line of definition as it means a lot different things to different people. To some, it could be a way of living with regard to the extent they can bear. Others could define it as the production styles they use in their flow of business, or a business as a whole. It could imply the responses to policies especially in the question of to what extent the environment that should be consumed over time (Ana Markulev, 2013). Sustainability entails the ability to do an activity continuously. In sustainable development, the current needs are met without affecting the ability ...

One of the hurdles to successful implementation providing resources and leadership resources to local and state health divisions is making sure that they have proper strategy in implementing their plans. The hurdle would be the fact that they do not have accurate strategies that can help with the system. Part of that hurdle would indeed involve not being able to adopt a standards-based systems wanted in order to support national disease surveillance strategies. Making sure that these strategies are supported is a big hurdle because a lot of times they may not have the adequate funds or the information. If they do ...

Leadership Styles 3

Introduction 3 Transformational Leadership 3 Servant Leadership 3 Transformational Leadership VS Servant Leadership, Comparison and Contrast 4 Relevance of Transformational and Servant Leadership with Founders Day Presentation 7 My Ideal Leadership Style 10

References 13

Leadership Styles Introduction Leadership is one of the most widely discussed subjects in both academia and organizational practices. In last twenty years, numerous definitions of leadership are elucidated but yet it’s hard to classify this key term comprehensively. However, in a most generic and simplified manner, leadership is defined as ‘organizing or leading a group of people to accomplish a common ...

Competition Bikes: Expansion Into Canada

Background Competition Bikes (CB) is looking at expanding its operations in Canada. Currently, Canada absorbs about 10% of the company’s output. With market research showing that there is a market for CB’s products. The move would require CB to use its efficient operations and management strategy developed in the US but more importantly, would require CB to put up a brand new manufacturing facility abroad. After considerations regarding availability and cost of qualified labor, land cost, facility construction costs, taxation and tax incentives, transportation and other important aspects, CB’s Management has chosen Toronto as its favored area ...

Introduction

Thesis statement Despite the many benefits that can accompany change in the organizational culture, altering an entrenched culture is not an easy task.

Definition of an Organizational Culture

Organization culture is a set theory of significant beliefs, values and perceptions shared commonly by members in an organization. Purpose of the study The study seeks to identify some difficulties faced by managers in the course of changing organizational culture and the best ways of trying to encourage and implement organizational culture change

Body

Identity difficulties encountered in changing the organizational culture of a large company Cognitive barriers Limitation of resources Institutional politics ...

Individual Assignment

MBA Programme Issue Date: July 30, 2012 Table of Contents

Table of Contents 2 I. Introduction and Problem Identification 3 II. Analysis 4

A. Calculation of Earnings from Investment in Securities 4

B. Calculation of Project Cash-Flows 5 C. Funding the Proposed Project 9 D. Calculation of Project Cash-Flows 9 III. Conclusion and Recommendations 10 IV. Calculations 11

I. Introduction and Problem Identification The Unit Building Company (UBC) is an established private company ...

Challenges They Go Through In Their Daily Lives

Women all over the world face challenges in their own capacities. These challenges vary from one place to another, one country from another , one culture from another as well as religion to religion. In the face of all this adversity, women have always taken up their stand to declare their position in society as humans of equal rights to their male counterparts and who should be treated with dignity and respect. In retrospect, some countries are still traditionalist in nature basing their laws on women upon medieval rules that are way mediocre. From the experiences of women in states ...

1. The Cost of Capital 1.1 Relationship between the Cost of Capital and Hurdle Rates The cost of capital is an expected rate of return on the investment. It helps define if the investment is worthwhile. The expected return on investment is supposed to be greater than the cost of the capital. It can also be described as the risk-adjusted return on capital. The cost of the capital consists of two parts: the cost of debt and the cost of equity. The cost of the capital is often used as a discount rate when calculating the projected cash ...