Essays on Hydrocarbon

Introduction

The cost of manufacturing ammonia using the Haber process plant constitutes the following components: the cost of energy, raw materials, equipment, labor and sparking substances (catalysts). Energy (gas or electricity) costs are incurred to maintain the temperature of the reaction. The Harber process is operated at very high temperatures, and pressures thus higher costs of energy are incurred. Some of the raw materials consumed in the Haber process such as nitrogen and hydrogen are recovered at the end of the process. The recovered materials are recycled back to the system to reduce the cost of raw materials. Starting and ...

Abstract

Application of the nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes is applied in the handling of water that is produced raw. The application has been investigated in the current day through various studies (Wang 14). The experiment of the processes of both nanofiltration and ultrafiltration is conducted in the laboratory unit which is operated in a pattern of cross flow (Ashaghi, Ebrahimi, & Czermak, 46). The study that was conducted in Oilfield of North Sea using the process of membranes of ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) indicated that the content of hydrocarbon decreased from 50 mg/l to 2 mg/l which recorded ...

Investing in Saudi Arabia Market: Oil and Gas Services

Dissertation Proposal Rationale of the Study The rationale of the study is stipulated by the necessity to extend the analysis of the investment opportunities in Saudi Arabia market, the greatest oil, and gas supplier on the Arab Peninsula. The role of Saudi Arabia in the global economy is determined by the significant amounts of raw hydrocarbon deposits – the explored volumes of oil and gas equal to 40,3% and 22,7% of the world deposit accordingly. The experts estimate the financial assets of public and private Saudi Arabian structures in around $4 trillion. Economic and political processes taking place ...

Internal Analysis of Encana

Internal Analysis of Encana

Introduction

The oil and gas industry in North America is currently experiencing challenges and transition stage. The increasing need for the environment-friendly and sustainable forms of energy is affecting the industry negatively as more governments and companies are encouraged to use energy with no or low carbon emission. More companies are now developing solar and wind energy and create vehicles that can rely on electricity rather than oil. Such growing trend in the energy sector resulted to lower demand of oil and gas particularly in the North America. Many oil and gas producing countries and companies ...

Natural gas is a mixture of certain types of gas, which are formed deep in the Earth after the decomposition of organic sedimentary rocks. This is a kind of mineral resources, which is extracted along with oil, or as an independent matter. The gas that is extracted from natural deposits, consists of hydrocarbon and non hydrocarbon components. Natural gas is methane, which includes heavier homologues - ethane, propane, and butane. In some cases, it is possible to find a natural substance that has a pair of pentane and hexane. Hydrocarbons contained in deposits can be formed only in the ...

Fuel Cell Technologies in Passenger Cars

Fuel Cell Technology The last decade is characterized by the rapid development of research activity in the field of fuel cells, thus, creating the conditions for their uptake in electric systems. The basic fuel cells’ operating principle has been known for 150 years. However, a variety of technical and financial problems had kept them on the margins of technological applications (Brandon & Hart, 1999). The basic difference between a fuel cell and batteries is that while batteries store energy, fuel cells directly convert a fuel’s chemical energy into electricity by an electrochemical reaction (i.e. Without requiring combustion or movement ...

ANALYSIS- A SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS SCENARIO IN 2060

Analysis- A Sustainable business Scenario in 2060 3 Introduction 3

Business Scenario 2060 5 Relating the 2060 Scenario to today 8

References 10

Analysis- A Sustainable business Scenario in 2060 Introduction A scenario is a consistent and orderly description that has a logical flow of different hypothetical characteristics about the past, present and future developments activities of an organization. The definition infers that a scenario gives business the basis on which management would take the robust actions to sustain the business operation. Rosneft Company based in Russia is my selection company. The scenario indicates the future situation of the business. Rosneft ...

The phenomenon of pollution is not a new one as there are different forms of pollution prevailing in our environment. There are various types of pollution and most of them are interrelated. This paper will delineate some of the major types of pollution and the remedial measures to minimize the pollution. Some of the major types of pollution that would be expounded are as follows: air pollution, specifically, caused by the burning of fossil fuels and coal, and water pollution. As such, measures to minimize and control these types of pollution, including the concepts of “Green Transportation” and “Renewable ...

ENGL 303-005: Technical Writing

Feasibility Study on Solutions to efficiently power an electrical vehicle Abstract “Feasibility Study on Solutions to Efficiently Power and Charge Electrical Vehicles” The future of electric vehicles needs to shift toward the use of solar charging stations which can increase the feasibility of electric vehicles outside of urban areas. The solar powered charging stations can revolutionize the way the world views vehicles powered by renewable energy sources. These solar stations can be placed in rural areas which can allow the drivers to store and charge their vehicle, which will minimize the prevalence of vehicles being stranded without access to ...

07th of April 2016

Air pollution impacts the human health and the environment in various ways - by direct and immediate threat (smog, etc.) to the slow and gradual destruction of the body's various life-support systems. In many cases, air pollution negatively affects the structural components of the ecosystem to such an extent that the regulatory processes are not able to return to their original state and thus the homeostasis mechanism fails. The atmosphere is the air shell of the Earth. Air quality involves the totality of its properties, reflecting the level of exposure to physical, chemical and biological factors on humans, plant ...

Abstract / Executive Summary

Summary of Article The minister from the United Arab’s economy reported that it is anticipated that the GDP of UAE will mark Dhs 1.6 trillion in the current year growing over 3.5%. Sultan Saeed Al Mansouri commented in an interview to the WAM (news agency), elevation in the growth rate evidence that the region is capable of maintaining economic competence and has gained sufficient success with the help of diversification. He further clarified that industrial zone of the UAE is continuously advancing and is positioned presently between 10%-14%. Additionally, Sultan Saeed delivered his expectation for the investments ...

Introduction

The conversion of gas into liquid fuels is an innovative technology that is well-known to many people. This technique is so promising and enhancing new options for environmentally friendly manufacturing of fuels and chemicals as well as other natural gases. Looking into the large natural gas and coal reserves and deteriorating petroleum reserves all over the world, it is anticipated to play an important role in the future. Cobalt-based chemical agents are the ideal catalysts for hydrogen synthesis since they have a high FTS functionality, discernment for long-chain paraffin as well as a low process for the water-gas change ...

The Impact and Effects of Power Politics of United States, China, & Japan Arising from South China Sea Conflicts on the Sovereignty and Socio-Political Fabrics of Philippines

Introduction

The South China Sea (SCS) is a partly enclosed body of water that connects the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is marked with several island attributes which are grouped into four island bodies-- the Pratas or Dongsha Islands in the northeast, the Paracels or Xisha Islands in the northwest, the Spratlys or Nansha Islands in the south, and the Scarborough Shoal or Zhongsha Islands to Paracels' southeast (Hayton, 2014). It is teeming with ...

The phenomenon of pollution is not a new one as there are different forms of pollution prevailing in our environment. There are various types of pollution and most of them are interrelated. This paper will delineate some of the major types of pollution and the remedial measures to minimize the pollution. The scientists have declared that the burning of the fossil fuels coal and petroleum results in the production of the carbon dioxide as one of the most major products of greenhouse gasses. Another reason for an increase in air pollution is the high amount of saturation of CFC’ ...

1. Biofuels are fuels in the gaseous or liquid form and can be rapidly regenerated from sources like crops, plants and municipal waste. Existing biofuels are generated from carbohydrates such as sugar and starch (wheat and sugarcane crops). Existing biofuels, such as ethanol, have a lesser energy content (volumetric energy density) relative to conventional hydrocarbon fuels natural gas and petroleum . Furfural and Levulinic acid are molecules that can be obtained from biomass and converted into biofuels. Levulinic acid can be synthesized in greater amounts (>70%) from inedible hexose bio-polymers such as cellulose, which is a polymer of glucose ...

Overview of economic performance of GCC countries

The Gulf Cooperation Council comprising of Kuwait, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Oman are oil rich nations representing an aggregate of 35.7 percent of global oil reserves. These nations are the largest exporter and producer of petroleum and have experienced excellent economic growth since the year 2008. The economic growth rate of the GCC nations has increased threefold to $1.4 trillion in the year 2011. The estimated growth of Gross Domestic Product for the GCC nations in the year 2013 is forecasted to reach around $1.5 trillion. The aggregate growth of Gross Domestic Product in the ...

Better communication means using the same definitions. The words that are used by the petroleum industry to describe the amount of production, waste and loss are not clearly defined. Transparency is absolutely needed and communication with the IOCs must be improved. The petroleum industrial sector must be held responsible for what they say and what they do. Unravelling the doublespeak in written and spoken messages from the IOCs needs to be a serious goal. The people of the Niger Delta can be involved in translating the dialogue and regulatory intentions of the IOCs. They live in the reality and involving ...

ABSTRACT

The research argues that although a gas flaring stoppage is not successfully in-place in Nigeria, fitting the appropriate technology with complementary economic and institutional factors can lead to near-zero or zero gas flaring. Nigeria is a developing country with a unique culture of many tribes and one of the largest growing urban populations in the world. Infrastructural, political and economical challenges to meeting the goal are introduced. Reinjection of gas back into wells is not available as an option to gas flaring because a large region for gas production is wetlands (Buzcu-Guven et al. 2012). Wetlands ...

Hydrogen powered cars use a fuel cell to generate energy. They combine hydrogen that is stored in a tank and oxygen that comes from the air to form water and electricity. The chemical energy that is stored in the hydrogen is converted to mechanical energy which powers the car . Combustion engines on the other hand use hydrocarbon fuels to propel the car. The piston is pushed downwards by rotation of the camshaft which makes the intake valves to open up and in turn fills the chamber with fuel and oxygen. At this time the exhaust valves remain closed. The intake valves ...

Energy storage space is accomplished by devices or physical media that store energy to perform useful procedures later. A system that stores energy is sometimes called an accumulator.

All types energy exist as either prospective energy for example substance, gravitational, power, temperature differential and hidden warm or kinetic energy basically strength (Galbraith 1). Some technological innovation offer only short-term energy storage space and others can be very long-term such as ability to gas using hydrogen or methane and the storage space of cool or warm between opposite periods in deep aquifers or foundation.

Energy storage space became a prominent aspect ...

AMBIGUITY AND INTERPRETATION

This project is about reservoir characterization study, which based on a reservoir modeling technique and predicts the liquid demeanor in the reservoir. The model is produced applying data from all geographic expedition and growth origins through particularly the output data and liquified chemical science. This information is acquired through observation of 3D seismic study. While all information is diagrammed in 3D model of reservoir substances is produced which is then utilized to assist pick the most suitable and efficient organic compound convalescence technique.

Reservoir Characterization is very necessary to advance understanding to optimize and gauge reservoir’s performance and its ...

Energy Storage inform of Lipids

Lipids are a class of natural compounds that are hydrophobic in nature and consist of ketoacyl and isoprene groups. They include sterols, waxes, fats, glycerides, phospholids and fat soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, E and K. Lipids are structural compounds being components of the cell wall but also serve in energy storage and signaling. The signaling function of lipids results from their use in nerve cell axons and as bases for hormones. After digestion and absorption lipids are carried as lipoproteins by blood to the liver which regulates lipid levels in blood. Excess lipids are converted to adipose tissue ...

This paper presents an overview of the North Sea area. In addition, it provides a history of the exploration of the area, petroleum occurrence and location of the North Sea. Consequently, it provides a description of the Stratigraphy of the southern Northern Sea, Central North Sea and the Northern North Sea. A brief description of the tectonic history of the area is provided taking note of the four major tectonic events that occurred. These were the Caledonian collision, rifting and basin formation as identified in the Carboniferous, Mesozoic rifting and graben formation and the inversion.

Province Geology (North Sea)

Introduction

Discovery of gas in the ...

The North Sea Petroleum Province is made up of Northern and Central North Sea. This is the greatest oil producing region in the world. It has been, for the last 30 years, playing a major role as Britain’s resource base and a contributor to the country’s wealth. This region also touches Norway and the Shetland Islands which are part of the Northern arms of the Late Jurassic system. This report gives an account of much of what is already known about Petroleum geology, Palaeogeography and tectonostratigraphic development of the Upper Jurassic, Middle Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous rocks in ...

How oil prices affect the AD of an economy of the petrol importing nations

The oil market, as well as other commodity markets, is constantly exposed to many different factors which are not always visible or palpable. The most important indicator affecting the price of oil, is the amount of supply and demand, because they influence on the price of oil. In the 1970s organization of the countries - exporters of oil (OPEC) decided to raise world oil prices that dramatically increased the incomes of petrol exporting nations. The main method of raising prices was to reduce the volume of the crude oil. It can be the illustration of the dynamics of supply ...

Introduction

The United Arab Emirates’ became independent in 1971; it records an economic freedom score of above 70. This has made the economy of UAE appear in 28th position among the freest in the 2014 index. It has increased its rating and this year it has reordered a 0.3 point higher than last year. This has been made possible by improvements in labor freedom, business freedom, and monetary freedom which have outweighed the control of government spending. The first assessment of UAE was made in 1996 index and since then it has been a regional leader in economic freedom, this is the ...

Abstract

All gas in the Qatar passes through National Grid’s national transmission arrangement on its way to consumers. The owners and operator of gas transmission substructure in Qatar, work with other companies to make sure that gas is obtainable where and when it is wanted. In Qatar Gas flowing that comes from higher to lower pressure is looked at as being the fundamental standard of the natural gas delivery system that involves, pipelines, gas stations. The essay explores the connecting of gas from the natural source such as bottom of the sea (Offshore) and underground (Onshore) to the transmission ...

Abstract

Crude oil, also known as petroleum, is one of the most important natural resources. It is a fossil fuel that is non-renewable and has different components such as hydrocarbon compounds and other materials like oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, salt and water. It is normally extracted from the ground, under the seas, and on land and is then transported to refineries. Most of the substances are removed in the refinery, and the oil is broken down and blended into useful products (McCants, 1989). Some of these products include medicines, plastics, fabrics, dyes, cosmetics, and transport fuels. Transportation of crude oil is done ...

The horror of the Piper Alpha disaster happened about two decades ago. Explosion and fire ripped through the Piper Alpha oil production platform in the North Sea off the coast of Scotland. About 167 workers were killed as a result of the Piper Alpha Disaster. Several investigations were made but most of them were hindered by a lack of physical evidence. However, an eye-witness account made it known that light hydrocarbon got released into the surrounding when a pump was restarted after maintenance. On that terrible day, the day shift maintenance crew were said to be on some of the pumps ...

The decrease in world’s petroleum and oil supply has led the nations to look for alternate sources of energy. As a result of this short-supply, unconventional gas reserves are gaining importance as alternative source of crude oil, where the unconventional gas reserves are estimated to contribute to 45% of the US gas production by the year 2035. Large-scale extraction of unconventional natural gas has resulted in the development of new and untested extraction technology such as hydraulic fracturing or hydrofracking, which is expected to develop rapidly in the next few decades near human settlements and pose a health hazard (Adgate, ...

Executive Summary

The oil industry is one of the most dynamic and robust sectors that contribute to the economic growth of a country. Due to the lucrative nature of the oil industries’ production performance, oil producing organizations have continued to attract a wide array of personnel. Employers have the obligation to provide remunerations that are commensurate with the demands of the job. Since oil industries have been identified to be one of the most hazardous, risks have to be assessed, managed, and appropriately controlled. One of the largest and most productive oil organizations in the world is Saudi Arabian Oil Company (ARAMCO). ...

Background Information

Saudi Arabian Oil Company (ARAMCO) is a state-owned oil organization of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Figure 1) . Saudi Aramco was founded in the early 1930s with headquarters at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The President and Chief Operating Officer is Khalid A. Al-Falih since 2009. A total of 3.4 billion barrels of oil were produced in 2013 or 9.4 million barrels per day (bpd) . Forbes ranked Saudi Aramco as number one in the list of the world’s biggest oil companies .

Aramco Operations

There are different stages in oil operations. The current section expounds on oil exploration, production, refining and marketing, and finally, ...

The control of Natural Resource Management in Australia is a critical concern and hence the responsibility of governments, communal groups and regional bodies to support projects and programs delivery that consequently inform policy makers on natural resources issues. (Brueckner, Durey, Mayes & Pforr 2014). Water pollution is a significant natural resource management issue in Australia that is caused by different anthropogenic, as well as natural factors (Pigram 2007). The northern Jarrah Forests of Western Australia have been a source of water to the Perth metropolitan Region, however, the water supply system is under a threat of pollution from Industrial activities taking place within ...

- Global Statistics on Oil Spill and the Nigeria River Delta Despite recent advancements in shipbuilding technology, the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico has become one of the most recently publicized environmental fiascos in 2010. In the 1970s the number of oil tanker accidents has decreased significantly (i.e. below 138,000 tons of oil inputs in the ocean). The results were even better in 2009 where the amount of oil entering the ocean is estimated at about 63,000 tons (Jernelov, 2010). However, mishaps in tankers are not the only source of oil spill in ...

Introduction:

Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) was established in 1934 by Anglo-Persian Oil Company . The Chief Executive Officer of KOC is Hashem S. Hashem. KOC reportedly produced 2.9 barrels of oil per day in 2012 . The organization is a subsidiary of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) and is deemed to be responsible for “exploration, drilling, production and transportation of hydrocarbon resources within Kuwait” . KOC does not belong to the world’s biggest oil and gas companies; but KPC ranked 9th . The organization’s headquarters is located at Ahmadi, Kuwait .

Kuwait Oil Company Typical Operations:

KOC’s operations are categorized under exploration, drilling, and production. In addition, its official ...

Introduction

A scientific study was conducted to evaluate the effects of crude oil on different nitrifying prokaryotes. The researchers utilized ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea to develop a bioassay. The study evaluated the ecological responses of these two groups of microorganisms on marine oil spills. Researchers found inhibition of nitrite production in all tested ammonia-oxidizing micro-organisms. The paper highlights the impact of crude oil spills on the environment. The paper also demonstrates the effects of phytoremediation to treat the oil spills. Many scientific studies had been conducted to evaluate the effects of phytoremediation (Using Nitrosopumilus maritimus and Nitrosococcus oceani) for crude oil ...

Introduction

Being the fastest growing country in the world, China is one of the leading countries in greenhouse gas production globally. In the recent years, China has outdone United States of America in carbon dioxide emission because of the availability of many industries and automobiles using gasoline fuels. The rise on carbon dioxide production in China has been attributed to the huge production volume, and lack of policies to restrict the production of harmful gases. In addition, China signed lucrative contracts to use oil to run its industries instead of using other sources of power like solar, wind, or hydro-electric ...

Should China implement a carbon tax?

For the last century, China’s ineluctable rise ranks among the most salient world developments. Few years ago, U.S.A was still facing economic indigence. Come the end of this century, China’s economy is set to transcend that of the United States (Ella 3). China rises to world’s economic giants, is on the basis of its huge productive volume. Chris, in his documentary, depicts how beautifully China rises, using strict noninterference policy while trading and investing with her partners (Ella 4). China differs from America since she signs lucrative contracts for oil, instead of using brutal power. ...

1. What are the main business activities of the selected company? Rosneft is the leader of the petroleum industry in Russia and is the world’s largest publicly traded oil company. Its worldwide business operations include upstream offshore projects, exploration and production of hydrocarbon, refining of crude oil and hydrocarbon, and gas and product marketing. 2. Examine its Balance Sheet. Make a list of different accounts of Assets, distinguishing between Current and Non-Current (Tangible and Intangible), and Liabilities, distinguishing between Current and Long-Term Liabilities. The current asset accounts of Rosneft include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, other ...

Oil and Gas Exploration in the Ecuadorian Amazon Forest

Town/City Abstract There is a projected 3.8 million cubic meters of oil connected pollution in the Ecuadorian Amazon forest .From 1964 to 1992 Texaco, currently owned by Chevron, extracted oil from reservoirs beneath the Amazon rainforest in Ecuador and not carefully discarded the drilling solids as well as liquids connected to oil extraction in pitfall through the forest. Furthermore, Texaco’s processing plants pumped the wastewater into the local water systems. The slapdash dumping of about 18 billion gallons of wastewater as well as 17 million gallons of waste oil has yet to be correctly assessed and hundreds ...

Introduction3

Statistics.3 Offshore oil drilling4 Effects on the environment.7 Recommended solutions10 Conclusion.13

Works Cited14

Abstract Today, the United States has over 5600 offshore gas and oil platforms; there are also over 27,000 miles of pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico area alone. This shows the extent to which offshore oil drilling occurs in the United States. In other developed parts of the world, the situation is the same. Oil is a product on high demand; this facilitates efforts in extracting it form its deposits deep in the sea floor. The retrieval requires the use of sophisticated equipment ...

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Introduction A hybrid car is a car used to drive the drive wheels more than one source of energy. Modern car manufacturers often resort to sharing of the internal combustion engine and an electric motor, which avoids the mode of the internal combustion engine in low loads, and also to realize the recovery of kinetic energy, increasing the fuel efficiency of the power plant. Another common type of hybrids is vehicles, in which ICE is combined with engines running on compressed air.

It should be distinguished from hybrids vehicles with electro-mechanical transmission, such as locomotives, some tractors and tanks.

As it written in the Analysis of ...

Introduction.

This report aims to identify the sustainable technologies that could be developed in New Zealand, to solve energy problems that are experienced by the residents in different cities. This is a case study of New Zealand, which is an island country to the south west of the Pacific Ocean. Despite the comparatively low population and the abundance of natural resources, the country is still among the leading Importer of energy sources. The country is majorly dependent on fossil fuel, hydroelectric and geothermal power as a source of its energy for domestic and industrial use. The increasing gas prices and the overdependence ...

Natural fractures orientation and density in the Bakken formation, local and regional stresses

Both Induced and natural fracturing occur within the middle Bakken from where most Bakken wells are drilled. The level of thermal maturity, source rock thickness, proximity to source facies and level of hydrocarbon generation can be pointed out as the reason behind the distribution and frequency of horizontal, open fractures in the middle member of the Bakken. The Bakken formation comprises three distinct members, upper and lower Bakken, and middle Bakken member, which is the primary reservoir rock, although the other members also have reservoir potential. Horizontal fracture development in the middle member increases towards the boundaries of ...

What is an alkane? Any hydrocarbon which has only single bonds is an alkane and because these

hydrocarbons have a hydrogen in all possible locations they are called saturated and thus they have this general formula, CnH2n+2.

But an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon which has at least one carbon-carbon triple bond

without any other functional groups thus they have given general formula of CnH2n-2.

Cis-trans isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism in which the position of the functional groups

differs, also known as geometric isomerism. The different is the orientation of the functional groups as we know in cis isomerism the both functional groups are on the same side though in trans isomerism they are located on the opposite side.

In retinal section of the eye the visual pigment are located which contain rhodopsin which has a

reddish color in darkness but as it’s exposed to light the color fades. The rhodopsin molecules contain opsin and 11-cis-retinal ...

There is a high demand for gas in the United States. Due to this high demand, many gas and oil companies have developed a new process of drilling natural gas. This process is known as Hydraulic Fracturing. Hydraulic Fracturing refers to the process of drilling horizontally by injecting a mixture of water, sand and chemicals- in high rate of concentration or pressure- into rocks as a means of creating new fissures for extracting gas and oil. This process of drilling is applied in difficult-to-reach areas. The technique was developed to stimulate oil production from wells, especially in declining oil reservoirs. However, improvement in ...

- Chemistry of Cholesterol C27H45OH is the molecular formula of cholesterol. The molecules consist of three regions: a hydrocarbon tail, a hydroxyl group, and a a ring structure region with 4 hydrocarbon rings. The solubility of the hydroxyl group in water can be attributed to its polar nature. The 4-ring region that also comprises cholesterol is a common ring in all steroids. The rings have a carbon atom at each corner with two hydrogen atoms that extend off the ring. That is why it is called a hydrocarbon ring. The ring region and the tail region cannot dissolve in water, as they are both ...

Introduction

The environment is affected in different ways as the energy industry is trying to get the energy needed. The impact of energy transformation on the environment varies from one source to another. During any particular energy transformation, the energy is lost as heat to the environment. However, there has been increasing awareness by energy industry on protecting the environment, and thus is in the process of reducing its impact in the long-term (European Environment Agency & AEA Technology Environment, 2002).

Effects of Electricity Generation and Transmission on the Environment

All the methods employed for converting energy to generate electricity have various effects on the environment. These impacts can either ...

- What is oily sludge waste? - Definition: Sludge waste in general refers to semisolid materials emanating from industrial waste water; according to Tamim, oily sludge waste refers to “an emulsion of water and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, waxes, and other fine solids present” (26). - Oily waste sludge are generated in oil refinery facilities; - when process waste water undergoes primary treatment; - during the recovery and reuse of intermediate products; - when they accumulate inside storage tanks; - Types of sludge waste; Sludge wastes mainly defer in terms of hydrocarbon content; all ...

Introduction

According to B.Beamon (10098), supply chain can be defined as “integrated process wherein a number of various business entities (i.e., suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers) work together in an effort to: (1) acquire raw materials, (2) convert these raw materials into specified final products, and (3) deliver these final products to retailers”. (1). Supply chains are usually characterized by forward movement of products and opposite flow of relevant data. As it is stated in the SAGE publication “Supply chain management” (2001), basic supply chain consists of a company, immediate supplier, and an immediate customer directly linked by one or more of ...

Introduction

Since early 1970s, China and Japan have been involved in a bitter territorial dispute over a group of uninhabited islands located in the East China Sea. In Japan, the group of islands is known as the Senkaku Islands, and in China, it is known as the Diaoyu Islands. The Islands, which is 6.3 km² in total, is mainly a centre of controversy due to their strategic significance in terms of economy and security, and their significant political implications. In recent times, the dispute has become such a predicament that the two countries are in constant conflict, which has impeded regional maritime cooperation and ...

Table of Contents

General introduction 3

Background 4 Responsible team 4 Intended use 4 Stakeholders 5 Outcomes/consequences of the technology 5 Positive results 5 Negative results in case of wide deployment of the technology 6 Mitigation measures for minimizing the effects 8 Discussion 9 The guiding ethical principle 9 Future deployment of the innovation 10 Bibliography 11

General introduction

Technological innovation is the primary factor in development by offering possible solutions found in different industries. ...

Fire is a disaster that posses high risk in regard to life and property. There is need to develop systems that can be able to minimize and curb unwanted fire incidences. With proper installation and effective choice of the fire system fire disasters will be minimized. (Dana, 1919) In navy ships, fire safety is vital and this calls for installation of fire systems. Effective and quick responding fire systems should be installed in naval vessels in order to deal with any fire disaster that may come at any given time. (Clark, 1991) These systems should be able to minimize ...

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is classified as a high income non-OECD economy by The World Bank. It is an oil-based economy and the leading producer of oil and natural gas in the whole world. In 2011, oil production is at 10 million barrel per day. As reported in BBC.com, Saudi holds more than 25% of the world’s oil reserves and owns the largest hydrocarbon reserves (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14702705). To date, the country is considered as the world’s leading oil exporter. With strong government control over the major economic activities, the Kingdom’s economy is heavily sensitive to developments in the ...

Research Question

Polystyrene is a very commonly-used material in the food and consumer electronic packaging industries. This paper will revolve around the research question “can polystyrene have other uses aside from its common uses?” The HIPS will be of particular importance here because much of the paper will revolve around the use of HIPS, how it is used, and how it differs from typical polystyrene. HIPS, which stands for High Impact Polystyrene is used in the research and development and manufacture of mechanical prototypes and other tools that are often subjected to high impact environments, stress, and tension. It is one of ...

Today there are two different headlines over the news that seem to give opposite information. One common headline tells us that peak oil has been reached and oil is not going to last forever. The story under the headline usually gives information about living a more environmentally sustainable lifestyle by switching to alternative fuels. On the other hand, there are other headlines declaring that there is plenty of oil because petroleum companies are taking advantage of deep sea drilling and sand tars. Our science courses tell us that there is only so much fossil fuel because the amount depends upon ...

This research paper attempts to analyze the work done by the European Union (EU) in the Energy Sector, through understanding of the Energy Policies formulated by it. European Union (EU) is a unique economic and political alliance formed between 27 European countries; post World War – II repercussions, based on the understanding that economic co-operation and dependence among countries is vital to avoiding any kind of conflict between them. This dependence should manifest itself in the form of free trade relations that would ultimately promote economic collaboration and teamwork. Since then, some of the concrete steps taken by the EU ...