Correlation College Essays Samples For Students

Correlations normally show the relationship between two variables. The three types of correlations are either positive, negative or no correlation at all.

Correlation implies that there is an existence of some definite relationship in two or more variables such that if for instance two quantities vary in a manner that movement in one is accompanied by movement in the other, these two quantities are said to be correlated. What correlation therefore does is to determine the degree of relationship that there is in two or more variables. It does not bring out the cause effect relationship between ...

The Dow Jones Industrial Average Yearly Return I have obtained from the following table:

http://www.1stock1.com/1stock1_139.htm

We use the last column.

The U.S. GDP growth rate is below:

We use third column.

- Compute the average, standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of each of the variables. In addition, graph the values of the DJIA on the percentage grow rate of the GDP.
I use Minitab 16 statistical software to complete this question:

Descriptive Statistics: GDP per capita growth, %; Dow Jones Rate

Variable Mean StDev CoefVar
GDP per capita growth, % 1,755 1,994 113,65
Dow Jones Rate 9,67 15,24 157,63
- Compute a 95% confidence interval for the population mean of each variable.

One-Sample T: GDP per capita growth, %; Dow Jones Rate

Variable N Mean StDev SE Mean 95% CI
GDP ...

Head size and intelligence: A correlational study

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between head size and intelligence. A cross-sectional research design was used in the study. Twenty (20) respondents with ages from 12-18 years were purposively selected. Ages, head circumferences and IQ scores were obtained from each of the respondents. One way ANOVA revealed a no significant difference among the respondents in reference to their ages, head sizes and intelligence (p < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed a no significant relationship between the respondents’ head circumferences and IQ scores (R2 = 0.002). Thus, this study concluded that having large head size doesn’t account for one’s ...

- Why is the coefficient of correlation an important tool for statisticians? Provide some specific examples from real life.
Correlation (from Lat. Correlatio - ratio, the relationship), correlation - a statistical relationship between two or more random variables (or variables that can with some reasonable degree of accuracy considered as such). When this change in the values ​​of one or more of these quantities are accompanied by systematic variation, or other values ​​of other variables. Mathematical measure of correlation between two random variables is the correlation ratio, or the correlation coefficient r. If the change of a random variable does ...

Mathematical Modeling

In an analysis of the economic condition of both enterprises and the larger subject of the national economy applies dismemberment problem or situation into smaller questions. This allows the procedure to the study of the logic which is a simulation. In particular, this method is applicable to the social processes that, among others, form the socio- economic system. Thus, we are able to understand the factors that determine the social conscience and the state of the productive forces, the institutional framework of the society. Modeling of social processes is an important part of mathematical methods in economics that highlight the ...

Introduction to Psychological Research Methods

A community living close to an industrial area has raised concerns about contaminants from industry causing health problems in local families. Based on current research, the public health guidelines state that children should not have blood lead levels above 10 micrograms per decilitre, because elevated lead levels may cause long-term cognitive impairment. As part of the investigation, parents of all children in the 2- to 6-year-old age range who live within a 10km radius of the industrial area are contacted and strongly encouraged to have their children assessed. Lead levels in the children’s blood of are measured. Blood samples ...

Statistics in Medicine is one of the tools for analyzing experimental data and clinical observations, as well as the language with which to communicate the mathematical results. However, this is not the only task of statistics in medicine. Mathematical apparatus is widely used for diagnostic purposes, solving classification problems and finding new patterns for the formulation of new scientific hypotheses. Using statistical programs requires knowledge of basic methods and statistical analysis phases: their sequence, necessity and sufficiency. The proposed statement of the main emphasis is not on a detailed understanding of the formulas that make up the statistical methods, and ...

Scientific thinking can be defined as the process by which individuals extend their knowledge through the formation of theory on the basis of observations or epidemiological arrays. The theory is then put to trial by dividing the entire population and the outcome or results given a broad view to the correct population via the course of inductive common sense. Before the hypotheses are implemented, the results must undergo an examination by the research planned on the argument that the theory may have substantial backing or be denied. There are six principles of scientific thinking namely: falsifiability, extraordinary claims, replicability, and ...

“Scientific Skepticism”

The meaning of the word science has suffered many changes across the centuries in Western civilization. The scientific method is commonly known to be at its base, but the philosophy that serves as it foundation is often overlooked. This is in part because its contemporary meaning, made possible by Descartes’ separation of meaning from truth, has a great pretention of rigor that is especially linked to mathematics. Lilienfeld theorizes that there are six principles that serve as guidelines for what should be accepted as scientific thought.
Furthermore, these theories must also hold other qualities that differentiate them from other ...

The education of women and girls tends to result in a low rate of population growth. This is because education provides females with the knowledge on how to plan their families. For instance, education provides them with knowledge about the use of contraceptives and thus results in a reduction in pregnancies. In any case, it allows women to space pregnancies and have fewer children that matches their economic abilities. Consequently, a decline in the number of children in every household result in a slow rate of population growth.
Another correlation between the education of the girl child and that of population growth ...

Psychology is the study of the mind, behavior and brain scientifically. Psychology brings out varies levels analysis, from to complex social and cultural influences, as well as from the brain to mind. Therefore, psychology is used throughout human life and cannot be exempted in any way. For that reason, psychologists are able to predict the natural behaviors of humans based on their daily activities. In order to study these behaviors, scientists have to come up with ways in which the analyses can be done. This has led to the creation of six scientific thinking principles that have been set ...

The correlations are the association between the variables. Each variable is assigned with a number to represent the value of a variable. However, sex, origin, and political preference can be treated as a variable but we don’t know how to assign a number to represent each category. In general, a variable can take more than one value. The linear correlation is a simplest form of association. There are some problem arises during the evolution of the two different data using the correlation, e.g., in nuclear power plant, there is a correlation between the radiation and cancer because people can get cancer due to the leak ...

Abstract

This paper contains the results of regression analysis for benefits against three forms of job satisfaction based on the AIU data. The analysis established that there was a positive correlation between benefits and extrinsic or overall job satisfaction. On this e other hand, the correlation between benefits and intrinsic job satisfaction was found to be negative.

Introduction

Regresses ion is a statistical technique used to establish the relationship among variables (Freund & Wilson, 1998). The aim of regression analysis is to determine if the is there is a causal effect association between variable. The relationship is quantified at a specific confidence level which is the ...

Intro to Psychology Research – Statistics Paper

Introduction
In this paper we have to analyze students’ performance in completing two kinds of mathematical problems: addiction problems and subtraction problems. 100 math problems were given for 36 students, and their performance was tested in two different ways. The first way was to complete math tasks in an organized fashion to minimize task switching (Task A). The second way was in a disorganized fashion (Task B) – it requires a task switch for every problem attempted.

- Would you finish the test faster if you completed all of the addition problems first and all of the subtraction problems second?
...

Research tools, tests, scales, and population are indispensable to research studies in social sciences. The choice of an instrument, test, and scale to be used in measuring various characteristics of a given population influences the validity and reliability of the research tools employed. The characteristic of a population being measured in a particular study determines the choice of tools most appropriate for the study.
Different tests used in social science studies are related in various ways. Therefore, they are classified based on their relationships. For instance, chi-square, phi, logistic regression, and Cramer’s V are applicable where the independent and dependent ...

Introduction

One of the most important part of protein assay is the determination of protein concentration. There are diverse methods used for protein concentration determination, but the most widely used are the spectroscopic methods of analysis or spectroscopy. Spectroscopy usually involves the determination between the correlations of the degree of interaction of light with the analyte, which is the proteins in this particular experiment. There are different types light to analyte interactions and one of these is the absorbance of light or electromagnetic radiation by the analyte. This type of spectrometry is called absorbance spectrometry.

Principle involved in absorbance spectrometry and spectrometers

The majority of substances absorb ...

STEP 1: Create variables

Run frequency tables for the new variables to check that they are accurate
Run a frequency table of your dummy variable to check that it is accurate
Run a reliability analysis using the following 10 variables:
COMPUTE FEAR=q25afearmurder + q25bfearrape + q25cfearweapon + q25dfearhome + q25efearcar + q25ffearmugged + q25gvandal + q25hconned + q25ibeggar + q25jbeaten. EXECUTE.
measures of central tendency and dispersion for this new variable
o Dependent variable:

Punitive attitudes additive scale

 Run a reliability analysis for the following 8 variables
The alpha coefficient for the eight items is .832, suggesting that the items have relatively high internal consistency. Cronbach's alpha is a measure of internal consistency, that ...

Activity 22.1:

Historical Research Questions
Which of the following questions would lend themselves well to historical research?
The questions that would lend themselves well to historical research are:-
- What was life like for a woman teacher in the 1920s?
- What were the beginnings of the modern social studies?
- Is the deception of research subjects ever seen as appropriate by students?
- How were women portrayed in 1930s fiction?
- How has the age of children leaving home changed between the years 1920 and 1980?

Activity 22.2:

Primary or Secondary Source?
In the space ...

Introduction

In this paper the basics of statistical data analysis are shown. To explore the association between two variables chosen we use correlation analysis.
Correlation is a relationship between two variables. Calculations similar two criteria relationship based on the formation of paired values that are formed from the considered dependent samples.
Statistics shows the correlation between the two variables and indicates the strength of connection by means of a correlation criterion, called the correlation coefficient. This coefficient is always referred to a Latin letter r, can take values between -1 and +1, moreover if the value is closer to 1, it ...

In this paper I would like to test the relationship between the education level of respondent and total family income. That’s why I pick two variables – EDUC and INCOME and test the relationship between them.

Null hypothesis: There is no association between the variables.

Alternative hypothesis: There is a significant association between the variables.
H0: ρ=0Ha: ρ≠0

Set level of significance alpha at 5%:

α=0.05
The assumptions for correlation testing are that the pair of variables measured has a normal bivariate distribution population. Also, the correlation coefficient measures only linear associations, and only in case if the data is not heteroscedastic or has outliers.

Test the correlation with SPSS:

CORRELATIONS /VARIABLES=INCOME EDUC /PRINT=TWOTAIL NOSIG /MISSING=PAIRWISE.
The obtained correlation ...

[Insert Student’s Name]
[Insert Affiliation]

Healthcare Project

A recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that over the past decade trips to emergency departments (ED) rose 20 percent, while the number of available emergency centers fell by 15 percent. Another study from the American Hospital Association indicated that 62 percent of hospitals feel they are at, or over operating capacity. That number jumps to 90 percent when considering Level 1 Trauma Centers and larger (300+ beds) hospitals.
These statistics are frighteningly familiar to many hospitals and patients. The pressures are mounting, and a faltering economy ...

The Spearman Coefficient Correlation Coefficient also called the Spearman’s rho (abbreviated-rs) is a statistical nonparametric measure of statistical dependence between two variables. In other words, it is a measure of the strength of association between two ranked variables. When a change in one variable leads to a change in the other variable, the two variables are said to be correlated (Hauke and Kossowski 88). The spearman product moment correlation coefficient can be calculated when the data is in ratio scale or intervals. The numerical value of the coefficient ranges from -1 to +1. In when rs > 0 indicates a positive agreement among ...

Work Load in Campus Students

Work Load in Campus Students
For this project, a total of 20 students from Campus where interviewed regarding the amount of credits they are taking, as well as how many hours per week they work in paid employment. The amount of credits taken constitute the variable ‘Class Load’, while the amount of hours per week at a paid job constitute the variable ‘Work Load’. It could be argued that students who take more credits have less time to work, or vice versa, so an inverse correlation is expected. Descriptive statistics were calculated and presented as mean ± standard deviation for each ...

Answer 1)

Referring to the calculations performed in Part 1, we found the following results related to each stock:
The above results indicate that Amgen Inc, offered highest average monthly return of 1.68%, followed by Raytheon Inc. with 1.60% and then the market index S&P 100 with the return of 1.09%. Our results go with the risk-return relationship as the stock with highest return, i.e. Amgen Inc. attracts maximum volatility. Here we have measured the stock volatility with standard deviation and as a core notion of the concept of portfolio management, high returns are followed with high risk and the concept ...

Introduction

The effectiveness of the field of statistics is increasing day by day, as it has the tendency and ability to articulate the things in an effective manner. Statisticians used the power of this field to predict and anticipate the future in an organized manner (Montgomery, Peck & Vining, 2007). This field has number of techniques and models from which relationship among two variables can be analyzed along with predicting the future capabilities accordingly. The tools and techniques used in the field of statistics, used specifically for modeling and forecasting. The analysis initiated through the statistical measures usually has a dependent variable ...

Discussion Forum

Introduction
Researchers identify different purposes of conducting a study. However, most purposes entail collecting data and using it to make certain conclusions. Different data collection approaches enable the researcher to draw different conclusions from the research. The collection of data determines the type of information that a researcher can draw from a study; the best approach enables the researcher to make analysis and comparisons between data.

Issues in presenting data without scientific interpretation

Quality data representation fails to highlight the correlation between different variables in the research study. The importance of understanding any correlation revolves around establishing the determinant factors in a particular phenomenon. Further, the researcher manages to ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
Report the sample you selected and the question that was explored in the study.
This study explores the relation between the hours of study and the exam scores for a group of students. From the study, we can see whether there is a negative or positive relation between these two variables. For this study 30 students information has been collected.

Report the r2 linear correlation coefficient and the linear regression equation produced in the Excel spreadsheet.

r2 linear correlation coefficient is 0,785 and it is quite high to accept that there is a strong correlation between the two variables. That means hours of study and exam scores have a linear correlation. From the graph, ...

Question 1

- The respondent: This is the person who provides responses to questions asked by the researcher regarding a particular variable. The respondent can be a source of error if they fail to give a response either because they are unwilling or due to lack of knowledge in the subject area. They could also be a source of error by giving biased responses either by deliberately giving false answers or by unconscious misrepresentation.
- The situation: current situation poses different factors that may affect the results of a research. A good example is the presence of a third party present during an interview. The third ...

Introduction

Research is usually carried out to determine or examine a relationship between two or more variables. The variables may be related to each other or may not have any relationship at all. When a variable is related to the other, statistically they are said to have a correlation. Correlation may be positive or negative. For a negative correlation, that means that the two or more variables are not strongly related to each other, while for a positive correlation, then it means that they depend on each other in a strong relationship.
In this essay discussion, a discussion will be based on looking at the two samples ...

The data shows positive skewness in all the three categories. This indicated that most of the data lies on the mean. This implies that most of the people interviewed indicated that the number of married people many married people are happier than the unmarried couples.
In regards to the happiness of a relationship with partner, the highest percentage of 5.2% indicated that they were very happy in their marriages, 3.1% of the respondents indicated that they were pretty happy with their marriages while the rests that represented 0.2 percentage indicated that they were not happy with their marriages.
...

1. Factor Analysis
Factor analysis is a statistical procedure utilized for data reduction (Bartholomew et al., 2008). This reduction is reflected in lowering a large number of variables that have similar characteristics, into smaller factors (dimensions). Specifically, based on data reduction, factor analysis is conducted to identify the unobservable and underlying structure of a set of variables which are correlated with each other. These variables are coherent but independent of one another. By coherent it implies that the variables are very consistent and relate with each other harmoniously while independent denotes that the outcomes or the results of each variable are ...

<Student’s name>

Test Summary

In this paper the relationship between strong chance of serious defect and pregnancy as a result of rape is analyzed.
The assumptions of this testing and linear regression construction are the following:
- The mean value of all residuals is 0. ()
- The Gauss-Markov conditions:
- Homoscedasticity (constant variance) or the absence of random errors heteroscedasticity models ()
- The absence of auto-correlation of random errors()
When these assumptions are provided, there is fairly qualitative evaluation of the model parameters, namely, they are unbiased, wealthy and best estimates.

The chosen variables to discover are Strong Chance of Serious Defect and Pregnancy as a Result of Rape.

The descriptive statistics shows, ...

Casual comparative design involves identifying and determining the causes and effects among two or more variables while correlation research design represents a general approach to research that focuses on assessing the co-variation among two or more variables.
In researching, the impact of Head start preschool program on kindergarten readiness the above two methods would be similar in that they both involve studying group performance. In addition, they both tend to be descriptive. However, while casual comparative tries to establish the cause and effect correlation design dies not. Also, casual comparative allows one to make reasonable inference about cause and ...

The abstract

Like many other countries in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia has the access to the crucial natural resource – oil. But unlike some of its neighbours, so far it has been succeeding in making most of it – the country is not drawn into political troubles (Jones, n/a) and is relatively rich. Despite international criticism related to violation of human rights (the country is one of the world leaders in terms of enforcement of capital punishment), generally, Saudi Arabia is doing relatively well in both economic and political terms. This purpose of this paper is to provide regression model that estimates ...

The number of school students eligible for lunch correlates positively with the amount of funding to the schools by the federal state. Such a correlation emerges due to the government’s commitment to fund low-income students for lunch to the rates of between 20 to 90 percent. However, the rating often becomes controversial as certain middle level families also deserve this subsidy but lack the means of maintaining their lunch program. For instance, many students from black and Hispanic backgrounds get a subsidy from the government to cater for their lunch program, which enhances their education.
The subsidies received in ...

BSB123

Introduction
There are many types of investments in the market. Some of the types of investments include bonds, property, cash, and fixed interest investments. Different investments have different levels of risk and returns. Some of the risks that face investment include changes in interest rates, and inflation which affects the purchasing power of players in the market. It is also worthwhile to note that the longer the period of returns the higher the risks that investments are likely to experience. This paper compares and analyses the various dynamics in 1-year return and 3-year return investments.

 Consider the distribution of 1 year returns

This graph does ...

<Student’s name><Professor’s name><Course number><The date of the paper>

A classic example of a relationship between two variables in a career is the relationship between hours of work and annual wages. In this case, the coupling is strong, with a correlation coefficient of 1. This follows from the fact that, as a rule, the employee set at a flat rate of pay per hour. The correlation coefficient of 1 means that the relationship is direct and functional. Less strict relationship can be observed between indicators such as income and life expectancy. It is well known that in ...

Probability:

It is the measure of how likelihood an event is likely to happen given a number of actors that control the chance or occurrence of the given event.

Consider the case given below:

Let S be the sample space and E be the event of interest. n(S) will be the number of elements in the sample space and n (E) will be the number of elements in the event.

If a fair sided die is rolled, find out the probability that an old number is obtained.

Solution:
We formulate the sample space S= (1, 2, 3 ,4 ,5 ,6) which shows the total number of events available and likely to happen.

Let E be the event “An old number is obtained”

E= (1, 3 ,5). Which shows all events of ...

- Pick a variable you are interested in predicting. This becomes your dependent (Y) variable. Explain why this interests you.

- Pick several candidate independent (X) variables, including some that I did not provide. It would also be good to have an interaction variable and a dumb variable. Explain why you think these may be good predictors of your Y variable.
I pick the following independent variables as my explanatory variables - median income and percentage of housing for people with income that is higher than 30% of the mean. My theory is that the commuting time of people is ...

Question 1:

When there is a relationship between any two or more variables in statistics is referred as an association. This association between variables is measured using various statistical parameters, such as product moment correlation coefficient, distance, ttetrachronic, Goodman, and spearman’s rank correlations.
The Pearson’s product moment correlation (Pearson’s correlation) is a common measure of the association between two or more variables. This method is made to test for linear relationships between two or more variables. In this case, if the hypothesis predicts that a linear relationship exist between variables, the Pearson’s correlations can be used. Moreover, the data ...

Question 1: What are the advantages of leads and lags over direct loans?

Leads refers to acceleration of the time of making foreign currency payments while lags on the other hand refer to delaying the time of making foreign currency payment. It is aimed at increasing the working capital or reducing foreign-exchange exposure. Lags and leads are achieved by modification of credit terms extended in one currency to another. Most multi-national companies use leads and lags to reduce the exchange risk and to transfer the financing burden from one unit to another.
There are several advantages of leads and lags when compared to direct loans. An official note as a recognition of a ...

In this paper, we will describe and discuss the application of correlation analysis to a real world problem. Our goal is to choose four quantitative variables from the book data set and run a correlation analysis in MYSTAT. To do this, we go to Analyze -> Correlations -> Simple, enter the chosen variables in the selected box and select the uncorrected probability option in the Options tab.
As we know, correlation is a measure of the degree and direction of connection between the values ​​of two variables. This is a statistical measure of the probability of the link between ...

Introduction

The twin deficits hypothesis claims that government budget deficits cause current account deficits. To understand how this is possible, a breakdown of the hypothesis is useful: firstly, the national account identity tells that the income of a country (GDP) comes from the monetary amount of private (household) consumption, the government’s consumption, and the investment. Given that a large part of economies is nowadays, open one adds to the consumption side the monetary value of exports and subtracts the imports, as they are goods and money which leave the economy. Very intuitively, a government budget deficit arises when the ...

The correlation coefficient between extraversion, an independent variable, and job satisfaction, a dependent variable, is seen to be 0.47. This means that there is a positive correlation between extroversion and job satisfaction (Stockburger, 1996). This suggests that the more extroverted a person is, the more likely they are to feel content with their job. This is a rather intuitive relationship because most workplaces tend to occur within a social setting. For a typical worker, the course of the work day involves numerous interactions with many different coworkers. The social aspect of work is very important for most people. Those who are introverted may not be ...

Industrial Organization

Overview
The media industry is collectively represented by mass media in general, which is comprised of television, newspaper, radio, magazines, and currently the Internet is already regarded as a form of mass media. This industry commands billions of dollars in revenue from advertising and marketing placements. On the other hand, the media industry itself provides growth opportunity for other industries through paid exposures. As a very dynamic industry, media experiences stiff competition, which can be observed on television, as TV networks create interesting shows to capture higher viewer ratings. The same competition also exists in other media platforms such as ...

1. Explain what the terms correlations AND confounding variables mean (in your own words, and cite the source). Review the links in the Background Information to learn about these terms.
2. Introduce and briefly describe the study in one paragraph.
3. Discuss the correlations and confounding variables described in the study.
4. Finally, remind me of your SLP research question and your hypothesis. Knowing what you've learned about correlations and confounding variables:
a) Identify 1 correlation you would look for in your research.
b) Identify 2 possible confounding variables that would affect the research topic you ...

Exercise 23

1)
The r-value for the relationship is -0.149. Since p=0.424, the result is NOT significant at the 1% level of significance
2)

Both values are equally strong. The first value indicates positive relationship and the second – negative relationship

3)
Since r=-0.149, the relationship is negative
4)

This relationship is positive, because the correlation coefficient is positive. The strength of the correlation is moderate

5)
The weakest relationship is with Shuttle run test, because the corresponding correlation coefficient is the closest to 0 (r=-0.457)
6)
a) Hamstring 120 / Hop: r=0.431 (p=0.016)
b) Quad 60 / Carioca: r=0.655 (p<0.001)
c) Quad 120 / Side: r=-0.519 (p=0.003)
d) Quad 60 / Triple: r=0.619 (p<0.001)

The strongest relationship is in b)

7)
r=-0.498
This is the correlation coefficient between the Quadriceps Strength Index 60/s and the Shuttle run test. ...

Interpreting Market Trends for BMW Dealership in Sydney, Australia

Specializing in the sale of automobiles in Sydney’s BMW dealer has been a top premium brand choice. However, with an ever-changing environment and new trend factors, the General Manager, Helga Schmit would seek to re-think the dealership’s marketing strategies in order to assist it produce batter sales results. Thus, there will be a need for collecting data on various market factors that are specific to the Sidney’s BMW market. In that view, the collection of data will be focused on the capital city of Sydney, Australia. The data factors are summarized as follows:
- Disposable income: Employment ...

Discussion

The concept of the correlation coefficient is crystal clear to me. I have understood that the value of correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1. The relationship between the variables increases as the value moves away from zero. However, the movement in the negative direction indicates an increase in negative relationship and movement in the positive direction indicates increased positive relationship between the variables. In a case of negative correlation, an increase in the independent variable leads to decrease in the dependent variable. On the other hand, in positive correlation, an increase in independent variable leads to increase independent ...

Study rationale

Continuous imbalances within the current financial account of several advanced as well as up coming economies has resulted to raised concern from the domestic as well as international financial markets as well as policymakers. Makin (2004) realized that in the deficit nations, including U.S, where current financial account deficits recently have reached 5 % of GDP, having trends towards protectionist measures like import restrictions as well as export subsidies.

Twin Deficit concept

Economic theory is conflicted regarding the true effects that the fiscal deficits have across an economy. One of the branches of the economic debate opposed to the growing deficits argues that ...

Introduction

In this study, we are interested in the performance of boys and girls in mathematics subjects in high school. In this study, the data was obtained from the international mathematical Olympiad website. In this study the dependent variable is performance of boys and girls in mathematics the independent variable are gender, proficiency, and ethnicity. According to Jeffery M. Wooldridge,(2000) the performance in mathematics is influenced by gender, proficiency of the students in the subject and the ethnicity. According to murphy M. (2000) gender is the greatest factor that influences the performance of mathematics. The research will be Causal ...

Produce the Pearson correlation matrix for all variables except the name of the printer. What are the two strongest relationships shown in the Pearson correlation matrix?

The correlation matrix is given in a table below ("Annotated SPSS Output: Correlation", 2016):

The strongest correlation coefficient is between Text Cost and Color Photo Cost (r=0.606, p=0.017). The next strongest correlation is between Price and Color Photo Time (r=-0.518, p=0.048). There is a strong positive linear relationship between Text Cost and Color Photo Cost. There is a strong negative relation between Price and Color Photo Time. These relationships are one we would expect, because lesser time spent on producing color photo usually costs higher.
(b) If ...

Correlation analysis is used to show the strength of the relationship between two variables. Coefficient of correlation shows the strength and the direction of the relationship between variables. The coefficient of correlation is one of the most widely utilized and abused statistical measure. The abuse comes in the sense that people sometimes overlook the fact that it measures nothing but the strength of a linear link and does not mean a cause-effect relationship. The correlation is computed by use of a mathematical formula where we obtain values ranging from -1< r < +1. Whereby r is the correlation coefficient. ...

Abstract

The different forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution or ADR are interesting topics that were discussed in this class. There were five chapters that we consider the most interesting parts of the reading as they provide information that not only increase our awareness about dispute or conflict resolution, but they can serve as guidelines on how to come up with better ideas in providing solutions to various issues. The different chapters of the reading, such as chapters 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 provided insights on cases, which these ADRs can be used. One may think that conflict resolution is ...

Human development is a process of providing mechanisms through which people can flourish and attain self-actualization in their lives. The rationale of human development as a process goes beyond focusing on economic development as an indicator of people’s wellbeing. It therefore incorporates other dimensions which are crucial in establishing the extent to which people would describe quality life. Traditionally, most economists have used quantitative indicators such as GDP Per capita as a measure of people’s wellbeing in a particular economy.
The reality is however, different because quantitative indicators such as these are limited to assessing economic success ...

The meaning of the word “correlation” is "relationship." If a change in one variable is accompanied by a change in the other variable, then we can talk about the correlation between these variables. The presence of correlation between two variables does not say anything about the causal relationship between them, but it gives us the opportunity to develop a hypothesis about causation. The absence of the correlation indicates that we have to reject the hypothesis about the causation between the variables. A separate methodological problem is the so-called "false correlation". This is a correlation (sometimes, it is even a ...

The monitoring of the Gigabit Passive Optical Networks (GPONs) is based on the optical coding (OC) technique and which is the most cost-effective monitoring technique. The performance of the OC technique relies on the design of the implemented hardware and on the design of the address code chosen. With an increasing number of GPON users, the address code selected must has the ability to support a number of code-words that are equal or larger than the available users.
The main purpose for this research is to improve the GPON monitoring system using the OC technique. This research has developed ...

Correlation refers to the relationship between the two variables. The positive correlation means that the increase in one variable causes the increase in the other; the negative correlation is indicated when the increase in one causes the decrease of the other variable. Identification of correlation is based on the experimental data, namely the different levels of two variables are studied and contrasted using mathematical tool (correlation coefficient) or the graph.
The research on the relation between the number of cigarettes smoked a day and the pulse rate indicated the positive linear correlation. Therefore, the more cigarettes a person smokes, ...

Introduction

Sharp fluctuation in oil price since the 1970s and its impact on the economy, both macro and micro, have gained huge attention from scholars. Speculative factors alongside immense instability in demand and supply have caused an aggressive increase in oil prices, especially in the previous decades (Hacioglu & Dincer, 2013). Thus, research on this issue intensified and a number of studies tried to explain the core relationship between oil prices and price levels in the economy. In relation to this, researchers have analysed the correlation between oil prices and manufacturing or industrial production, oil prices and balance of trade, oil ...

Data analysis project

Research is an investigative process that is meant to discover new knowledge or arrives at a better understanding of a particular subject (Kulakowski & Chronister, 2008). The scientific research process starts with the identification of a topic: the broad subject matter area to be investigated. This is followed by identification of a research problem within the research topic. After identifying the research problem, the researcher identifies the research purpose (objective of the study), the research question (a sentence that asks a question about the relationship between two or more variables), and finally the research hypotheses (a guess about the relationship ...