Essays on Heart Rate

Part 1

The equipment used to assess VO2 max and lactate threshold includes the h/p/cosmos Pulsar 5.0 treadmill, the Cosmed Quark PFT Ergo testing equipment, the Cosmed V2 mask, the HR Belt Cosmed-ANT (w/transmitter), and a computer.

Calibration Processes

The preliminary step for the experiment is to perform the calibration of the equipment. The treadmill velocity should be calibrated by marking a point and noting the time it takes to complete a predetermined number of revolutions. This time is used to calculate the velocity by using the length of the belt, which should also be measured. These calibrations should be performed at different ...

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LATE EXAMS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED (0 points)!! Submit ORIGINAL WORK. Submit ORIGINAL WORK!! Question 1: 10 points POSSIBLE (MUST ANSWER ALL PARTS OF QUESTION) Define “INTENSITY” and “TYPE” of aerobic exercise. Aerobic intensity can be derived by finding ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]}

Question 1: Pathophysiology of Mr. Jensen’s post-operative hypovolemia

Hypovolemia is a surgical condition that indicates the rapid fluid loss that may result in organ failures. The outcomes of the hypovolemia are mostly due to insufficient circulating volume or scarce perfusion. Often hypovolemia is secondary to hemorrhage the reason of which includes severe internal or external blood loss and GI, thoracic and abdominal bleeding maladies (Devitt, 2001). Hypovolemia involves significant fluid loss other than blood that can be further accompanied by refractory gastroenteritis and widespread burns. Hypovolemia may develop in post-surgical incidence, bone fracture, due to ...

Q1: Prioritizing patient care will help to complete nurse’s shift duties without any adverse patient complication. Prioritizing will help to plan out the day and in managing the cases in the most effective way (Alfaro-LeFevre 2014). The best path to plan care for the patient with different medical and surgical priorities is to set timed objectives and meet the discharge goals based on the urgency of the medical or surgical condition. The handover from the staff of the previous shift provided the information for 4 patients, of which Lucy’s condition is more of an emergency that will ...

Nursing

Fetal Monitor Fetal monitor is equipment being used for fetal heart rate monitoring done during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. It serves the purpose of determining the baby’s heart rate and duration and strength of the uterus contraction (WebMD, N.D.). A stable heart rate is an indication that the baby is doing well and any instances of inconsistency with the heart could be a sign of some problems. It is different from the other equipment in terms of function considering that the monitoring can be done both externally and internally, but in most cases the monitoring is done internally ...

Multiple choice questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Increased erythropoietin production Increased heart rate Increased cardiac output Enhancement in oxygen extraction The answer for this question is b. increased heart rate. A reduction in tissue oxygenation as happens in anemia stimulates increased production of erythropoietin through a complex feedback mechanism. Increased production of erythropoietin enhances erythropoiesis in anemia. Increased extraction of oxygen in anemia is a compensatory mechanism that is mediated by an increase in 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations. Increased cardiac output is the main hemodynamic compensatory mechanism in anemia that aims to increase blood flow to the body organs. An increase in heart rate ...

Discuss the indications for each type of monitoring device

Fetal Monitor The heart rhythm and heart rate are main indicators for the fetal monitor. The indicators help in understanding the fetal condition, which is a necessary factor to consider during labor and the delivery of a child. During the process of labor and delivery, the health care personnel is required to monitor the heart rate and rhythm of the fetus (Shore, Benson-Karhi, Malamud, & Bashiri, 2014). Monitoring of heart rate and rhythm helps in identifying any form of distress within the fetus that may have occurred during the labor and delivery process.

Internal Fetal Scalp Electrode

The Fetal scalp electrode is an internal ...

The study of endocrinology looks into ordinary and abnormal hormonal behavior. The endocrine system includes internal organs that secretes hormones. That is to say, endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream. These endocrine glands are essential organs of the human body that imperative to maintain various human functions, not to mention, life itself. Hormonal glands that make up the endocrine system influence many relevant factors such as pregnancy, capability to breast feed, and also the process of a child developing normally. The endocrine system aids in the regulation of a human’s basic bodily functions. Given that, these functions ...

Stress Model

The model of stress incorporates the five steps mechanism, in which the first step encompasses the life situation that makes the individual out of balance. The individual falls in the state and disequilibrium and needs to acquire the state of equilibrium by means of identifying the prevailing situation as stressful and hence, this step encompasses the second step. In the third step, the occurrence of emotional arousal takes place in which the individual feels emotional response to the stressful situation. Afterwards, the fourth step take place in which the individual feels the psychological arousal towards the situation. The individual ...

Question 1

The spirometer as well as the peak flow meter are among the key equipment needed in adequate assessment of asthma (Apter, 2014). As such, the spirometer measures the FEV (Force Expiratory volume) and the FVC (Force Vital Capacity) while the peak flow meter measures the efficiency in the flow of air from the lungs.

Question 2

Among the key symptoms and signs associated with asthma include; -Chest tightness -Shortness of breath -Wheezing -Fatigue -Coughing -Sleeping difficulties

Question 3

Asthma is usually associated with various precipitating factors that increase an individual’s likelihood of developing the disease. Among the key precipitating factors include; -Family ...

Indications for Each Type of Device

Fetal monitor The main indicators for the fetal monitor include the heart rate and rhythm that establish the fetal condition during labor and delivery. The health care provider involved in the labor and delivery process has the mandate of ensuring that the fetal heart rate and rhythm remain constant to identify any forms of distress on the fetus.

Internal fetal scalp electrode

The internal fetal scalp electrode is used as an internal monitoring device that helps in providing health care providers with a clear understanding of the fetal heart pattern. Usage of this equipment is important when dealing with cases where the external ...

Why I choose AcuCare Centre?

As a part of the field assignment, I visited the AcuCare Centre, 12133 Pembroke Road, Pembroke Pines, FL33025. I choose this particular place for my assignment, as I wanted to know about the method of “healing through touch”, as I would call it. Reiki is an alternative medicine that is sought by many for stress and chronic diseases. My aunt is particularly supportive of the center and has recommended it to me. She has sought alternative medicine to treat her migraine problems. She found allopathic medicine ineffective and replete with side effects.

Initial impression of the center:

On entering the center, there was a ...

Introduction:

Lifestyle diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, are a global concern. The statistics are alarming. A WHO report reveals that cardiovascular diseases account for the highest number of deaths globally. In 2012 alone, almost 18 million deaths were as a direct consequence of cardiovascular diseases . The trend is largely attributable to our sedentary lifestyle and poor eating habits. Therefore, one solution to reverse the trend is to adopt cardio exercises. However, there are various cardio exercises that are available. It becomes difficult to decide which exercise to choose from the many existing ones. There are various factors that one can consider ...

R M. G

Dr. S P. A., a 56 year old Italian male that identifies with the Italian culture with no significant past medical history presents to the emergency department with the chief complaint of recurrent chest burning. P.A. says his wife believes that he is showing symptoms of having GERD but he has never been diagnosed. P.A states that “the chest burning and discomfort began five days ago and just got progressively worse despite his self medicating with TUMS” he presented to the emergency department on 05-31-16 and felt “some improvement” after a GI cocktail was administered. One set of biomarkers ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Research Outline Introduction of ADHD Diagnostic criteria for ADHD Causes of the development of ADHD Changes in brain structure in ADHD Therapeutic strategies used in ADHD Stimulant medications for the treatment of ADHD Non-stimulant medications for the treatment of ADHD Side effects of the medications Efficacy and safety of medications in the treatment of ADHD Stopping the medications Long-term efficacy and safety of Medications in the treatment of ADHD Concluding Remarks Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood psychiatric problem that is characterized by behavioural and learning disorders (Riva & Njiokiktjien, 2010). It has a strong ...

Efficacy of Ondansetron in oral rehydration

Introduction Ondansetron is a drug that blocks actions of chemicals within the body that can trigger an episode of vomiting or diarrhea (Freedman, 2016). The body has a system of regulating itself and fighting any harmful condition or substance. The medulla oblongata is responsible for the regulation of involuntary actions such as breathing, vomiting, thirst and heart rate. This part of the brain can detect various chemicals and hormones within the blood. When a potentially toxic substance gets detected, the chemoreceptor trigger zone initiates the vomiting process. Ondansetron prevents nausea and vomiting caused by surgical activities or cancer medication. ...

Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

Cardiac arrhythmias often require immediate medical care that may include resuscitation (Ray, 2004). The diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias can be challenging particularly in situations whereby the patient is asymptomatic and ECG findings are normal between symptomatic episodes (Cruickshank, 2008). Distinguishing between supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia is also a challenge (Australian Resuscitation Council, 2008). Cardiac arrhythmia should be suspected in patients with a history of syncope, near syncope, palpitations, and/or chest pain (Cruickshank, 2008). This paper will justify why monomophic ventricular tachycardia is the most likely diagnosis of a male patient who collapsed abruptly and has hypotension (BP 63/38), tachycardia ( ...

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a sudden death of apparently healthy child aged up to 1 year as a result of cessation of breathing and heart failure, the cause of which cannot be established at the mortem expertise. Sometimes the syndrome is called as “death at the crib” or death for no reason. However, there are causes or risk factors for the development of this poorly studied phenomenon, and the parents, eliminating them from their life, can save the life and health of the child. SIDS is not a disease; it is a posthumous diagnosis that is exhibited ...

What nursing interventions are appropriate for Mrs. J. at the time of her admission? Drug therapy is started for Mrs. J. to control her symptoms. What is the rationale for the administration of each of the following medications? 1.IV furosemide (Lasix) 2.Enalapril (Vasotec) 3.Metoprolol (Lopressor) 4.IV morphine sulphate (Morphine) Lasix is used to reduce fluid retention that occurs as a side effect of heart failure. It is additionally used to treat hypertension and lessen effect such as the shortness of breath, swelling of limbs and the abdomen. It is used as an IV to treat the immediate consequences of ...

About myself

I am a college student finishing my nursing education at the College of New Rochelle, who is very passionate about the career as I love helping others. I am also a hardworking well-rounded person, and I believe that I have gained adequate knowledge in the field that will assist in my professional development. Choosing to be a nurse was one of the greatest decisions that I made, and I have never regretted. I plan on completing my Bachelor of Science in nursing degree this May, and I already know the great advantages as well as the incredible career opportunities ...

Alcohol is a substance which has been consumed by people for centuries, and its importance lies in social, religious and cultural settings. However, the consumption of alcohol is taken in a restricted manner because it has certain repercussion for the user when they take the drug in large amounts (NCBI, 2016). According to the Drug Enforcement Association (DEA), alcohol is not exactly listed under any of the schedules as other drugs partly because it falls in the range of spirits and liquefied drinks which are not equated with other drugs that are of a different capacity (DEA, 2016). Alcohol ...

Surgical Anesthesia

Pharmacology and Indications Licocaine Licocaine is a type of medication used with an aim of numbing tissues and nerves within a given area of the body, which provides that anesthetic effect for the body. The most popular brand names for this particular drug are xylocaine and lignocaine. Some of the common effects associated with this particular medication include drowsiness, muscle twitching, nausea, and confusion (1). The severity of the side effects depends wholly on a patient’s reaction to the chemical composition of the drug. Regarding its mode of action, licocaine works by blocking the voltage-gated Na+ channels, which ...

INTRODUCTION

Cannabis Sativa was one of the most used plants up until its ban in the 1970’s in the United States. However, California passed the use of the plant for medicinal purposes by a wide margin in the Proposition 215 of November 1996 (Kramer). There are proponents and opponents to the use of marijuana in any situation, and both sides bear strong views to support their case. In California for instance, it is permitted by law for ill patients to cultivate and use marijuana. The law stipulates that they should have a medical recommendation from a physician. The use ...

A drug is a substance that brings about physiological effects when introduced into the body of a human being. Drug analysis deals with the technical process of determining the presence or the absence of particular parent drugs or in other words their metabolites. Drugs are classified into various groups, and these include depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. For an individual to use these types of drugs, various reasons may contribute to this and can be elaborated through specific theories. Depressants are drugs that when introduced to the body lowers the neural transmission levels thus depressing the stimulation or arousal in ...

Marijuana is an addictive and powerful drug that has various effects on the user’s body. These effects include various effects on the brain, effects on the body and mental or psychological effects as well. Marijuana is harmful because of its extracts which are potentially dangerous especially when marijuana is consumed in large amounts. Marijuana use has several effects on the human brain. These are categorized as short term and long term effects of marijuana. Smoking marijuana causes the THC in the drug to pass through the lungs into the blood circulatory system. The chemical reaches the brain through ...

Falling in love can be just as powerful as sniffing a line of cocaine. In fact, studies have shown that the effect cocaine has on the brain sometimes provokes similar chemical reactions as those caused by the feeling of being in love. However, despite love sometimes being classified as a natural stimulant, it could also be harmful to human health in certain situations. And given such similarities, the neural enhancement of both these stimulants should be taken both cautiously and seriously. In the scientific and common literature, love is almost always regarded as being a benefit to a person's ...

Influence of Temperature and Neurotransmitters on Heart Rate in crayfish

TA for the Experiment: Introduction The cardiovascular system achieves key physiological functions in animals. Particularly, crayfish (Procambarus clarkia), also known as freshwater lobster, have been used to study physiological processes. This is because it is easier to study them in this species than in any other organism. In Crayfish, the circulatory system is open. Blood moves from the heart through the arteries and goes back through the open sinuses. Their heart is located in the cephalotorax, in front of the first abdominal segment, in the dorsal portion. Basic heart rate beat and rhythm in adult crustaceans depends on a ...

INTRODUCTION

Pain and anxiety are a common hospital occurrence among patients. Surgeries are no exception when it comes to experiencing acute pain and anxiety in post-operation conditions. However, the absence of appropriate management techniques after such procedures exposes patients to numerous complications, including but not limited to mortality. The main of this research paper is to determine the impacts of listening to soothing and personalized music on pain and anxiety management after surgery. It proves that music has a significant value in pain and anxiety management for patients in post-surgery units.

PURPOSE AND STUDY SIGNIFICANCE IN MUSIC LITERATURE

Music has long been perceived as an art for ...

Any person who is suddenly withdrawing from alcohol must experience unpleasant reactions that accompany the process. The abrupt withdrawal brings about certain signs and symptoms that characterize the sudden discontinuation of taking drugs or alcohol. Some of the symptoms may include a rapid heartbeat, profuse sweating, temporary memory loss, insomnia, headaches, anxiety and even social isolation (Miller & Gold 1998). Most people who experience similar reactions as a result of sudden withdrawal from alcohol suffer from delirium tremens (DT) (Koob 2006). It is one of the most prevalent risk factors in this case. The patient often experiences DT after 48-96 ...

Analysis of Hypothesis Testing

Analysis of Hypothesis Testing This paper will analyze hypothesis testing in the article titled “A Test of Learned Industriousness in the Physical Activity Domain” which appears in the International Journal of Psychological Studies. This article explores the relationship between the level of industriousness in an individual and the degree to which the individual was rewarded for intense effort before the activity (Bustamante et al. 2014). The key research question for this study is as follows: What is the relationship between reward of intense effort and persistence at a subsequent physical or mental task? Based on this research question, the ...

ICU Observation Evidence-based Practice

ICU Observation Evidence-based Practice

Introduction of the Patient

The patient goes by the name T.P. A 72-year-old male who’s a retired truck driver. He’s immediate family includes his wife, daughter, and grandson (10 years old who is autistic and has turrets syndrome). He is currently diagnosed with myocardial infarction and altered mental state. The past medical history of this patient shows that he has suffered a lot of diseases including hypertension, diabetes mellitus Type 2, congested heart failure, peripheral neuropathy, CKD-3, CAD, dementia, chronic kidney disease and GERD.

The primary medical diagnosis is myocardial infarction which refers to regional myocardial necrosis ...

Introduction

Approximately 2.5 million individuals in the United States contract pneumonia annually, and 55,000 of those individuals die as a result. In fact, pneumonia was the eighth prominent cause of morbidity and is the number one communicable disease in the United States. Pneumonia is the leading deadly hospital-contracted disease and contributes to a sizable amount of deaths in unindustrialized countries as well. It is a grave illness that can impact individuals in all age groups, but it is especially serious in adolescents, the elderly population, and in people with fundamental medical issues such as ischemia, low blood sugar, and ...

Intensive Care Unit- ICU

Introduction As I walk to work, I often get to wonder how busy the intensive care unit gets. I have worked as a critical care nurse, for the last six years, in the intensive care unit. The acuity of the patients is unpredictable. Patients get admitted with a variety of medical conditions.

An ICU patient faces life-threatening injuries or illnesses that require critical care. It requires a specialized team of health care professionals to provide the treatments and care needed for such patients in the ICU. The team of healthcare professionals in the ICU includes; doctors, residents, interns, APRN's, nurses, respiratory ...

Denise, Lemke(2007) Sympathetic Storming After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Critical Care Nurse 2007;27;30-37 Brain injury is very common in traumatically injured people. They sometimes require sedation and intubation to reduce the brains workload. They could be restless and agitated in association with signs and symptoms like posturing, tachycardia, fever, diaphoresis, hypertension, papillary dilatation, tachypnea and hyperthermia. This is referred to as sympathetic storming. It is seen in about 1/3rd of comatose patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Sympathetic storming could occur within a day post injury and could last up to weeks afterwards. It is thought ...

Selection from an 8 year-period of pulmonary valve replacement and cross sectional follow up of a commercially available biological valve, assessed with established and a new method

What This Thesis Is About

Pulmonary valve replacement is a procedure necessary in many congenital heart defects and in-valve degeneration cases. Surgical results are excellent, but the longevity of artificial valves is very limited. Our goal was to give a retrospective overview of methods and results from the year 2000 until 2008 at Rikshospital, as well as the prospective five year follow-up of a biological valve made from bovine pericardium. Follow up included clinical examination with ECG, echocardiography, spirometry, treadmill testing, echocardiography ...

Cranial nerves refer to the nerves that emerge from the brain directly. This is in contrast to the spinal nerves that come from spinal cord segments. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in human and only the both the first and the second cranial nerve pairs originate from cerebrum. All the other pairs originate from the brainstem. Other than the cranial nerve II, all the other cranial pairs belong to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The cranial nerve ganglia come from the central nervous system (CNS) (Patestas and Gartner).

The seventh pair of cranial nerves is the ...

Emotion is a conscious experience exhibited by human beings in reaction to biological, mental, or cultural components. Emotion is a physiological response of communication and expression to factors that influence the mood, personality, temperament and motivation of an individual (Zachar, 2014). The psychology of emotions has close links to the arousal of the nervous system. Emotions also relate to a complex state of feelings associated with physical or psychological changes that influence the behaviour of an individual. Psychology is a science that endeavours to study the mental functions and behaviour of human beings (Tracy, 2014). Psychologists explore human concepts ...

The idea that sleep was more than just an inactive state for the body changed in 1952 when rapid eye movement (REM) got diagnosed and in extension dreaming; which was another state of consciousness. Consciousness implies being aware of both external and internal stimuli. It flows much like a stream; it wanders depending on the individual’s state of mind; boredom, fatigue or stress. A link between consciousness and the brain exists. Therefore, it is a result of neural activity in the neural pathway network.

There are different states of consciousness: normal waking thought, deep relaxation, light sleep and deep sleep. ...

Staging of kidney disease in patients involves assigning the stage of the disease based on the level to which the kidney of the patient in question is infected. Chronic kidney disease is defined as either kidney damage or GFR less than 60ml/min//1.73m squared for three months or more. Staging is important because it makes the work of the medical practitioners easy in terms of patient treatment (Hamm, 2010). As a result of staging, medical practitioners are in a better position of knowing the exact patients with the most advanced level of kidney infection with relative ease. This makes it very efficient ...

Part 1a: Imagine you are being chased through the woods by a hungry bear. Which nervous system would engage? (parasympathetic or sympathetic) Why is this?

Someone being chased through the woods by a hungry bear will have his or her sympathetic nervous system being engaged in the flight. This second type of autonomic nervous system tagged sympathetic will be responsible for the control of many homeostatic mechanisms that will help the person to flit away from the hungry bear. The mechanism is that of the sympatho-adrenal response of the body. The interconnected neurons of the SNS are connected to several organs of the body which enables several organs to be controlled during this period of flight response. In response to the flight, the organs connected ...

- Erythrocytes or red blood cells are the most well-known components of the whole blood. They contain hemoglobin, a complex protein, which contains iron. This helps red blood cells to carry oxygen through the body. And this is the main function of erythrocytes. When hemoglobin concentrations fall down and there is no sufficient amount of red blood cells to carry oxygen it is termed anemia. Iron is very important component of the erythrocytes because iron can bind oxygen and transport it to the tissues.

- The blood runs a certain path through the body. It moves through pulmonary circuit and then ...

Body area networks have become common in medical, military and other uses. An example of a body area network is a wearable watch-like heart rate monitor. Measurements of heart rate reveal important information concerning the muscles and the lungs. The pounding of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body supplying the muscles with the required oxygen and removing waste products from them. The more the physical activity of the body, the harder the working of the heart. Therefore, the heart rate determines the effectiveness of the exercise routine in improving the overall health of the body.

The use of heart ...

Virtual reality (VR) refers to any interactive, computer-simulated environment using 3D graphics, complex interface controls and multi-user capabilities; it recreates one’s physical presence in the actual, real or even imaginary world. Virtual reality augments lifelike experience of the ‘as if’ but ‘not quite’ of the real (sometimes, even mixed with the fantasy) world. Multi-modal VR technologies make it possible to engage multiple senses (that is, sight, touch, sound, and smell) for a broad range of applications, for examples, in entertainment, military, corporate, financial, scientific, especially, in medical and educational arenas . It has been claimed that VR brings a ...

Introduction

In the chapter 3 from the book The Basic Concepts of Wellness, the thing is about how to train body and mind very good so that to reach success in any kind of sport, specifically fitness. Training fitness is doing the hard work by stimulating muscles and getting trained heart. This chapter tells about how to do it right not to get the body harmed. It is necessary to choose the boots right, to decide how to organize the day correctly, how to deal with problems that may happen during training. The book may be very useful in order ...

Introduction

The United Nations (UN) estimates that the number of amphetamine abusers to be between 13-53 million globally and most of them are between 15-64 years old. Amphetamines are a group of psychoactive drugs that induce a stimulant effect on users. However, they are associated with a high level of psychological dependence and potential for both mental and physical toxicity-related problems (Sevak, William, and Rush). Being body stimulants, amphetamine's abuse has potential for adverse effects on the abuser. Amphetamines elicit both mental and physical symptoms in active users and those on withdrawal/rehabilitation. Some of the side effects of amphetamine abuse include behavioral ...

Pain Management in Pregnancy

Part I Introduction: Pain and pregnancy Pain is an occurrence that almost always occurs at one time or the other during the antepartum, intrapartum or postpartum period during the obstetric sojourn of the woman. Different factors result in the development of pain which is most severe during the intrapartum period. It is important for the woman to be offered modalities of abolishing or reducing the pain to the barest minimum in order to reduce the psychological and emotional trauma that excessive pain might cause the birthing mother. Moreover, it is important to give the laboring patient ...

Asthma is a chronic airway disease that is difficult to manage because of numerous risk factors and complicated by poor self-management. This is a case study of acute severe asthma triggered by viral respiratory infection and exercise in an Aboriginal female with chronic asthma. The discussion will include the diagnostic tests, patient assessment, care and interventions, medications, and nursing care performed or should have been performed. The expected outcomes will also be described.

An arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was performed showing respiratory acidosis and mild hypoxaemia. Above normal PaCO2 and below normal pH meant the lungs could not eliminate carbon ...

Introduction

Music therapy is an evidence-based clinical use of musical interventions to achieve individual goals within a therapeutic relationship by a certified practitioner. Music therapy may sound not like a very much practiced medical procedure but that is not true. In fact, music therapy dates back as early as ancient civilizations like Egyptian, Indus valley and old Chinese civilization. Music combined with various dance forms was used at that time to treat various illnesses. Even today music therapy is used to address physical, cognitive, emotional and social needs of an individual. After assessing the problems of a patient, a certified music therapist provides treatment which ...

(City, State)

Introduction

Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by the blood on the walls of the artery. Measuring the blood pressure is done in mmHg or millimeters of mercury and is given by two numbers. The number on the top shows the maximum pressure that is exerted by the heart while beating also known as systolic pressure. The bottom number shows the quantity of pressure in the arteries between heartbeats also known as the diastolic pressure. The difference that occurs between the top number and the lower one is referred to as the pulse pressure. Heart rate is ...

Yoga refers to the body and mind practice that originated from the Indian philosophy. This technique involves the combination of breathing techniques, relaxation and physical postures. This healing system is helpful in the reduction of pain as well as improving the function. This technique is associated with reducing heart rate as well as reducing blood pressure. Yoga is effective in relieving stress and boosting the mood of the patient. The patient will also be able to gain confidence and to be calm. In relation to health and illness, yoga helps the patient to improve the flow of blood ...

A relationship of dependency between two variables in the scope of statistics is termed as linear correlation. When the response of one variable is dependent upon how the second variable is treated then it is safe to assume they are correlated. As given the heart rate and smoking are said to be linearly correlated. This point suggests that the number of cigarettes smoked would either increase or decrease an individual’s pulse. The hypothesis in the question states that as a person smokes more cigarettes his/her pulse rate is likely to increase alongside. However, the conclusion only suggests that ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

- Two popular forms of analysis when attempting to assess if an individual is lying include polygraph tests and voice stress assessments. The two tests are similar in nature when concerning their directive and administration, but are gauged rather differently. For example, according to Ken Alder’s, “The Lie Detectors: The History of an American Obsession,” base questions are given prior to the technical polygraph test, wherein the individual is connected to a machine that will monitor heart rate and pulse in an attempt to assess honesty . In comparison, Harry Hollien and associates, authors of, “Issues in Forensic Voice,” outline ...

Single-subject designs are a research method that test for an independent variable in a small number of subjects, typically one. The method is thought to have originated from behavioral psychology and is preferred for experiments involving behavioral change or modification because the outcomes are tested periodically from the beginning of the experiment to the end. Single-subject designs include at least one phase where there is no treatment and one phase where there is treatment. The test subjects, therefore, act as their own control. Single-subject designs are relevant where behavioral change needs to be observed, as one can not only measure the ...

A human’s normal heart rate is the resting heart rate. In some other cases, the heart rate may raise above the normal or even decrease the normal heart rate. Apparently, some factors have been established to increase the heart rate while other decreases the heart rate. As established from the exercise undertaken, the major factors that increase the heart rate are predominantly the strong emotions that include anxiety, embarrassment, and anger. Additionally, other factors established to increase the heart rate include exercise, taking too many sugars and stimulants, this normally increases body metabolism at the same time the heart ...

Abstract

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) refers to those medical substances and practices that are not the part of standard or conventional care. Complementary medicine is often used along with other standard medical treatment strategies or they can be used alone. CAM practices can be used for the relief in different problems such as heart diseases and cancer. It can also be used for certain psychiatric problems such as stress, anxiety, and depression, usually caused by different ecological factors such as risk and supportive factors related to parents, peers, and school. Different CAM practices can be used for the treatment ...

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women. This paper focuses on the various aspects of breast cancer among women. The paper briefly examines the various treatment options available for women diagnosed with breast cancer at any stage of pregnancy. The paper further examines the risk factors to breast cancer, birth defects, and chances of relapsing after delivery, how treatments affect fertility, and Survival Rate Female/Fetus. The paper outlines radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery as the main treatment options for breast cancer available for women diagnosed with breast cancer. In terms of birth defects, the paper outlines some ...

Comparison and contrast of Umbilical and Nuchal cord

Introduction Prolapse in umbilical cord occurs in very rare circumstances. This condition is manifested by removal of umbilical cord from cervix before the delivery of the foetus. This cord serves as a food pipe to the baby for the transfer of nutrients from mother to foetus and also collects the digestive waste products from baby. During prolapse, the cord twins around the baby which complicates the delivery. This disease condition occurs only 1% of pregnancies. Due to the higher risk of foetal fatality, umbilical cord prolapse is considered as a medical emergency during labor pain (Critchlow et al., 1994). There ...

Sepsis is a clinical condition that evokes an inflammatory response of the host immune system in response to clinically-suspected infections. It usually occurs in an individual with a weak immune system such as a post-surgery patient, organ transplant patient, cancer patients or an AIDS patient. It spreads throughout the body via the bloodstream. There are several degrees of sepsis such as severe sepsis, septic shock and refractory septic shock (Morrell, Micek & Kollef, 2009) that together make up the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (Mayr, Yende & Angus, 2014). Sepsis and septic shock are some of the leading causes of death in the world, ...

Abstract

The positive effect of high intensity cardio exercise on body fat is well known. The paper looks into the greater impact on body composition due to those high-intensity exercises. Regular cardio is known to increase both aerobic and anaerobic fitness. Until recently, it was thought that low intensity exercises like walking or slow jogging burn more fat and high intensity workouts like running or high intensity aerobics are meant more for cardiovascular fitness and not for burning fat. However, now the evidence from scientific studies and controlled trials is showing that high intensity cardio may actually burn faster and ...

Throughout history individuals use drugs for different reasons. The abuse of drugs has different effects on different individuals even long after using drugs. Researchers continue to experiment on the area of drug abuse, but the number of drugs in the society today, makes it difficult to ascertain the impact of every drug that is on the market. In order to understand how the different types of drugs work on an individual, one must understand the various changes that occur in different parts of the body. CNS, depressants, narcotics, tobacco, alcohol, and stimulants are some of the drugs of abuse. ...