Essays on Negative Attitude

Cutomer Name

Prejudice and Bigotry in the Matter of Interracial Relationships Despite the fact that economic and social disparities between black and white Americans disappear gradually, situation in the sphere of inter-racial marriages is quite different. Even the United States today are the very segregated society in many respects. The most interesting indicator of segregation in American society is interracial marriages. At the end of the 17th century, slavery in some southern US states was replaced by indentured servitude (black worker was obliged to work on his master a certain amount of time, typically from 4 to 7 years, without receiving ...

Introduction

Workers have different feelings towards everything within the workplace. The attitudes of the teenage and student employees, especially in the hospitality sector, are of great ethical importance since they determine how these workers treat the clients, how seriously they take their work, and whether they will steal from the business or not (Rogojan 6). This paper explores a case study and will attempt to establish how typical are the attitudes that Sheehy reports. The paper will also show how Sheehy’s description of a new work ethics matches with my own experiences.

How typical are the attitudes that Sheehy reports?

Sheehy raises a number of attitude issues ...

Introduction

Research and practice have indicated that both managers and employees dislike performance appraisal. Due to this growing problem, performance appraisal has declined in popularity, especially for organizational managers who have to conduct the evaluations or be evaluated at the same time. One of the reasons why managers hate performance evaluation is the negative impacts it can create in an organization and potentially affect the achievement of the organizational goals. For instance, those on the receiving end of a performance appraisal process can develop a negative attitude towards other employees who were seemingly favored. They could also exhibit declined performance ...

Introduction

Sexuality and Christianity - often these two topics are opposed. This is not surprising because the negative attitude towards sexual relations and sex-phobia, fear in relation to sexuality, negative attitudes towards sexuality accompany the entire history of the Christian churches. One theory of the fall of humanity says that the sin of Adam and Eve was that they have entered into a sexual relationship. (Kamitsuka, M.D., 2010, p.26) In turn, the Christian asceticism tried to instill in Christians a feeling of contempt for their own corporeality (by the way, another theory Fall states that "leather garments" that God gave ...

I am one of the choir members in my church. I started singing at a very young age. My parents noted the talent in me and encouraged me. They are the ones that motivated to join the church choir. Singing became a hobby for me. I would spend most of my time listening to songs and attempting to compose my own. When more people heard me singing, in choir competitions or in school, my voice moved them. Slowly, many people took an interest in my voice. I began getting invitations to perform in events and concerts. The invitations increased ...

Abstract

Upon being employed, Aline DeNeuve attempts to implement strategies she believes will encourage workplace harmony. In her strategy, she believes that limiting communications and relations between employees will be the best way to achieving success for her organization. For confirmation, if her strategies are effective, Aline decides to conduct a study to find out the perceptions of her work mates on her thoughts. Aline’s case will provide insights on the effects of omitting or not considering employee relations in an organization. From her organization, it will be possible to determine how employee emotions and attitudes can be influenced. ...

Introduction:

Healthcare professionals work in the community and members of the community have diverse cultures. There are practices that are acceptable in different cultures and those that are not. It is important for a healthcare professional to be aware of the cultural factors of healthcare professionals so that they can remain respectful of the consumer’s culture as they provide their services. Furthermore, according to Lie, Lee-Rey, Gomez, Bereknyei & Braddock (2011) it helps improve patient outcomes. Description of the relevance and relationship between culture/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and cultural competence: Cultural competence is the awareness that a person possesses about different ...

Business Analytics

Executive Summary This study sought to assess whether customers who bought the African adventure will be willing to provide feedback. The study revealed that there more customers who are unwilling to provide feedback compared to those who are willing to provide feedback. A regression analysis was used to determine the factors that influence WOM intentions. WOM intentions were modelled as a function of age, income, trust and attitude. The analysis revealed that the demographic characteristics (age and income) do not influence WOM intentions. However, trust and attitude influence WOM intention. The paper recommends that smart marketing and advertising should ...

Analysis

Abstract Human attitudes towards people from different ethnic groups is one of the subjects that has been of interest to sociologists. Sociologists have studied the subject for a long time on various aspects. This study seeks to explore the impact of a person’s ethnicity on their attitudes towards persons of various ethnic groups. Specifically the study answered two key questions. Firstly, whether people have implicit negative attitudes towards certain races. Secondly, whether there is any interaction between people ethnicity and their attitudes towards specific races. The study used a single sample t-test and one-way ANOVA to answer the ...

Source #1:

Web address where the site can be located where you are lurking: N/A A Summary of The Stated Purpose of the Site or Mission Statement: promoting fashion for people who are overweight Observational Notes: This site is a good source for black plus-size women since it promotes fashion suitable for them. The members of the group are active as evidenced by the fact that at the time of writing this paper, a photo posted seven hours before had recorded 1,690 likes. I would recommend this site since it encourages women who are overweight to develop a positive attitude ...

Qualitative Research about the Effects of Organizational Structure on Employee Attitudes and Behaviors

According to Rogelberg, organizational structure is the grouping of people and the activities of different departments to enhance decision-making, coordination of communication channels and supervision of activities that are done (2007). In essence, employees are an essential resource for any functional organization unit, and the outcome of any activity they carry out is influenced by their attitudes and behaviors (Bowles & Cooper, 2009). Employees in an organization can be affected by a certain object that triggers either positive or negative attitude towards it, for instance, an employee can have negative or positive feeling towards the job he/she has within the ...

Islamophobia is commonly defined as the discrimination shown towards people of Islamic background due the rising terrorists’ attacks. Islamophobia has become a serious issue in the American society due to recent terrorist attacks. In most of the attacks that have targeted American interests, Islamic militia groups have claimed to be responsible and hence stirring up a negative attitude against them. Muslims can easily be identified through their religious dressing and hence making it easy for people to discriminate them. America has become more conscious of its security and more especially, where terrorism is concerned, every Muslim is always looked at with a ...

Based on the current research it is evident thatobesity is among the most troubling health problem that is growing dramatically. Therefore, it is upon us as an individual to come up and address the sentiment behindyou overeating, this could be a start of a life problem (Abolhassani, et.al, 2012). One is considered an overweight when his or he body mass index is very high. This means that one’s weight is too high in relation to the high that is related to such weight. Therefore, one is supposed to be very careful on all his or her eating habits. If a person ...

Cranberries are some sought of plants that will ever remain green irrespective of the season. They are known to produce heterogeneous products that include; sauce, jam, and juices. Research has established that cranberries are highly nutritious and can be used as antioxidants. Therefore, it can be used for medicinal values if blended well by qualified physicians (Skinner, Margot, and Denise, 131). The positive social impacts of the use of fruit as antioxidants are; the effects they have on the human body since not all the researches have been ascertained when used for the purposes of periodontal diseases. They have ...

Although there are some similarities between the attitude of Daniel Orozco in Orientation and Jamaica Kincaid in Girl, there are austere differences in their attitudes towards their audience. In the short story Girl, Jamaica Kincaid portrays a mother imparting advice to her daughter as she prepares to face life as an adult. The short story by Kincaid shows the demeanor of a mother who admonishes and advices at the same time. On the other hand, Daniel Orozco explores the premise that all workplaces have secrets and gossips upon which people judge others. In his presentation, Daniel Orozco has the speaker in ...

Changing AIS

Implementing a new enterprise wide change in an organization is a daunting task for any organization, and if it is not properly handled, the process can fail and lead to unprecedented losses for the organization in question. Accounting Information Systems are important in any modern business organization. Businesses cannot continue using the now outdated accounting techniques in this era of advanced technology. However, a number of organizations have encountered problems trying to implement accounting information systems for the first time or even when changing from one to the next one. Such was the case with an Australian company X-Ray Australia (Not real ...

Men and women tend to defer in many aspects. The difference is not only in looks, but also in how they think and understand different situations, their abilities, interest, lifestyle, behavior, and also their role in the society. Both male and female may perceive a person’s lifestyle in different dimensions. For example, studies and researches to evaluate the difference in attitude that exists in both heterosexual men and women towards gay men and lesbians have been in existence since from a very long time ago. By using research and earlier work done by different scholars, this paper seeks to explore ...

Introduction

The current condition of chaos and terror use as an end in itself in the contemporary America is what Christopher Nolan presents in his film The Dark Knight. The contemporary Americans chaos and terror prevalence is the most significant issue portrayed in the movie. The plot of the movie appears similar to the current situation of the contemporary America. The Gotham city where the whole criminal and chaos occur is a replica of the American cities lifestyle where greed, money and crime are rampant. The Villains like Bane and Joker are a reflection of the notion of fear, chaos and mass ...

Altitude is the distance between a reference point and a person or an object. It is usually in horizontal or in the vertical axis. Attitude is an external or internal show of like or dislike to a thing, place, thing, person or event. It is also defined as distinct and very important model in existing social psychology. It originates from persons present and past. Attitude is quantifiable and unpredictable as well as determining a person's feeling and conduct. Attitude is in two forms, explicit and implicit. Implicit can be said to be subconscious while explicit is deliberate. Jung’s is a form of ...

According to Bastelaer (1997), there is no clear definition of a part time job. This is because definitions of part time job are based on either threshold hours or the assessment on the nature of the job, or a combination of the two. Further, threshold number of hours have not been specific, some consider the threshold number of hours to be thirty and others consider the threshold number of hours to be thirty five (Bastelaer 23).

On the other hand, part time work may be defined according to industrial instrument. In this case, part time work is defined as that work ...

Introduction

The ‘Petrified Man’ provides a broad perspective over which some issues can be drawn. The characters in the narrative establish the themes that form the basis of understanding of events, behaviors and various dimensions of the story. The short story is a conversation between two individuals Mrs. Fletcher and Leota. All the actions can only be evaluated and analyzed from the lenses of the conversation the two individuals have. The setting colloquy is a small town in America. The discussion between the two main characters is the perfect device that captures the pretentiousness and banality of human encounter. Welty defines the ...

The business sector is one of the most challenging economical sectors in the global market. To be concise, the manufacturing sector is one of the most challenging business sectors the market. There are a lot of factors that are considered while making business decisions. These factors include, financial decisions such as cutting down on costs and improving sales. The Foxconn Company is a company that deals with the Apple Company. The company manufactures i-pods and i-pads for the Apple Company and it works collaboratively with other leading technology firms. The company has been surrounded by multiple controversies concerning employee welfare ...

Question One

Race is more deliberate than prejudice. According to the articles, the definition of racism is discrimination against someone due to first and foremost their race, differences in skin color, and/ or where they are from. According to the book, Racist America: Roots, Current Realities, and Future Reparations, the author articulates that most of the founding fathers of the United States had slaves. They therefore knew the toll that slavery had on the slaves and the hardships that the slaves underwent, even so, the still went ahead and knowingly regarded a slave as there fifths of a human in the constitution. ...

Abstract

Negative Word-of-mouth (NWOM) communication, often used as term to denote the negative feedback given by consumers on public online platforms, has emerged to be an important area of study. However, an important dimension of NWOM has so far been ignored in academic literature – the experiences and attitudes of customer service executives towards online consumer complaints. In studying these attitudes and emotions, the current study uses Davidow’s six dimensions of managing and handling complaints by organizations as a theoretical justification. More than half of the six dimensions involve communication between employees and customers. Hence, the employee attitudes and the impact ...

In understanding the behavior of different people in a learning environment, it is important to understand the principles of learning. In grammar school and high school, for instance, he same students always seem to be punished while, at the same time, same students seem to be rewarded. The process of learning entails various stages and processes that give an individual n opportunity to improve their behavior. To some extent, personal behavior and genetics plays a role in influencing the intelligence of a student (Powell et al. 18). The learning process ought to be designed in such a way so as to cater for ...

The research is about how corporate propaganda affects the youth culture. Propaganda is getting certain information and using it to fulfill ones personal interests. So when an individual uses various platforms such as the media to achieve whatever he or she is wants is called corporate propaganda. Politicians are a good example of those people use corporate propaganda to make sure the politics at hand are in their favor. In most cases, propagandists use manipulation of masses such as the youth to make them believe whatever they are claiming. [Thesis] Propagandists focus on the youth because they are easily manipulated ...

Team is a group of two or more individuals who, in order to achieve a certain goal, coordinate their actions and labor force. There are three key components in this definition. Firstly, to create a team at least two people are needed. Sometimes organizations consist of big teams but, as a rule, their number does not exceed fifteen individuals. Secondly, team members regularly interact with each other. Third, the work of the team members is aimed at achieving a certain goal, whether it is developing a new tablet, vehicle or writing a textbook. Students, for example, are often grouped together in the classroom to perform various ...

Introduction

Social hierarchies have been in existence from time immemorial in all human societies. Social hierarchies constructed during the ancient civilizations were more pronounced than those in the contemporary societies. The hierarchies are contracted on three main bases: gender, age, and other parameters that group individuals and defined differently by different societies. There are mainly two hierarchies in the society: dominant and subordinate groups. The dominant enjoys more privileges than the subordinate group. Social dominance orientation measures the extent to which individuals embrace ideologies and myths that encourage and tend to justify the existence and maintenance of social hierarchies ...

Health abnormalities of various kinds possess a deep association with the underlying factors which are of genetic, biochemical and environmental origin. Affected individuals are more prone to suffer from an impaired quality of life (QOL). As a result, their management also places a significant burden on the family members and the healthcare system. Especially, health abnormalities linked with substance abuse present a challenging task. The reason is that people with substance abuse behavior either have or more vulnerable to mental health problems. There is a need to highlight this particular healthcare problem, its challenges, assessment and management with the aid of available literature. So, ...

Answer 1

Contributions of GM and UAW to Saturn failure Saturn was developed by General Motors and United Auto Workers partnership. Its main role was to distribute small cars that would compete with other US imports. The company was expected to be a new division for GM. There was total and acknowledgeable success of the company until it decided to operate by its own. The company was to be built under a fully integrated labor management partnership which was embedded on marketing, sales, operations, dealership management, product development and customer relations that were meant to produce better cars. The survival of the ...

Abstract

The scientific project deals with leadership styles, their types, and influence on workplace attitudes and behavior. There are two major categories of styles, such as leader-centered and follower-centered styles. The first category includes authoritative, aka autocratic, transactional, and charismatic styles where leader’s personality is the focal one. The second category includes participative, servant, and transformational styles that cultivate employees as the most valuable organizational assets. Such additional styles as laissez-faire, quiet leader, and coercive one are given scientific scrutiny. The influence of each style on working attitudes and employees’ behavior are also considered based on the opinions of ...

Achievement tests are used to test knowledge and developed skill. Some examples of the tests include: curriculum-based evaluation, standardize test, portfolio-based, and dynamic assessment approaches. Commonly, a standardized test is used with the aim of measuring knowledge and skills learned or obtained in a given grade level. These tests normally do not measure aptitude or cognitive traits, but rather knowledge learned through classroom instructions, planned instructions or training. Scores on achievement test are used in schools or education systems in determining the preparedness of the student for the instructions and what was trained. High scores of achievement indicate a perfect mastery of ...

Stereotyping and prejudices are present in people's everyday life. They are shaped by the culture and their immediate surroundings such is family and tradition. Discrimination may be based on race, religion, geographic separation, sexual orientation or ethnicity. Closed cultures are more liable to the occurrence of stereotyping, prejudices and discrimination, and in some cases civil wars arise due to these differences. The term stereotyping refers to general assumptions and attitudes based on the assumptions that all members of a certain group have certain traits that are only characteristic for this particular group. Stereotyping is classified in the terms of ...

Reflection on Herzberg Motivation Theory

Motivation refers to a force that instigates, guides, and retains individuals towards achieving various goals. Motivation seeks to maximize the value of organizations by offering professional and personal guidelines to the members. Organizations comprise of individuals with diverse culture and personalities; it is essential for the management team to integrate the diverse aspects to unite the staff members to pursue a common organizational goal. Various theories have been formulated to enhance efficiency and motivation among people in the workplace. The theories encourage managers to initiate an inner drive among the employees to works towards maximizing both personal and professional interests. Making ...

Introduction

The 9/11 Attack has been regarded as one of the major events in the history of America. This attack killed and maimed more people inside United States boundaries in a day than any other event since the historic Pearl Harbor attack. Notably, those who died in the horrific carnage in Pennsylvania, Washington and Manhattan on 11th Sept were the most direct victims of the terror attack. Many more people were killed in the subsequent “war on terror”. Arguably, several essential facts regarding 9/11 attacks were obvious; i.e. the attack was an act of mass murder where more than three thousand ...

Reg No

Designation

Research Objectives 6

Background of Research 6 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Emerging markets 7 2.2 Marketing in Emerging markets – Opportunities and Challenges 7 2.3 Marketing practices in Emerging markets 9 2.4 Advanced Marketing practices 10 2.5 Cross Cultural Management – Practical Examples 11 2.6 Cross Cultural Issues 12 2.7 marketing culturally sensitive products 12 2.8 Theoretical Models – Comparing First world and Emerging markets nation’s culture 15

Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture 15

GLOBE FRAMEWORK 18 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 21 3.1 Research Design 21 3.2 Data Collection Methods 21 3.3 Sampling procedure: 21 ...

Introduction

Same sex marriage has become a polarizing issue in both state and national politics as well as religious platforms. In the United States alone, fourteen including California, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Washington among others, states have legalized same sex marriages either through court decisions, state legislations or through popular votes. However, some other states such as Alabama, Arizona, Alaska, Kentucky, and Missouri among several others have banned same sex marriages by constitutional amendments and state laws, or constitutional amendments or state laws only. The polarizing views on gay marriages can also be witnessed on religious groups with some groups ...

In Jean Kilbourne’s article “Two Ways a Woman can get Hurt: Advertising and Violence,” she describes how advertising and violence has defined sexism. For a very long time, advertising in the United States and other nations has played a very important role in how people identify themselves in relation to their culture and the other cultures of the world. Advertisements shape the decision making of potential customers in terms of they should invest their funds on them, the way they should dress, and most importantly, the mindset that they should have in order to prosper. Advertisements introduce new products, inform customers ...

Karen McVeigh initiates an extremely significant discussion on organic food. His argument is based on various factors that make organic food unfavorable for human consumption. The article argues that conventional food is the best compared to organic food. This is based on the research that was carried out by Food Standards Agency (FSA) (McVeigh, 2009). However, this conclusion by FSA has been criticized on various basis of platform. This conclusion is based on adverse research that was carried out 50 years ago. This was a research on the nutritional value of organic and nutritional food. However, the conclusion defines ...

The J. K. Roberts Company - Discuss the case in terms of the attitudes and beliefs of the managers and workers. Pay particular attention to issues related to satisfaction and organizational commitment. An individual's attitude is his unique way of feeling, behaving, looking at life and thinking. This phenomenon is very important in someone’s career and life in general. Beliefs, on the other hand helps the managers and workers to generate passion about their job. As such, it is important for workers and employers to believe in something. This is because, only strong and deep beliefs can ...

- Discuss the case in terms of the attitudes and beliefs of the managers and workers. Pay particular attention to issues related to satisfaction and organizational commitment Attitude affects the efficiency of an employee in an organization. It may affect it positively or negatively. Employees with a good attitude towards work, perform very well while at work while employees with poor attitude towards work perform dismally (Porter et al 37). The manager's attitude is also another important factor that determines how the organization performs. If a manager has a negative attitude towards the employees or the organization, the working conditions in ...

Abstract

Values are the enduring perspectives that an individual strongly holds to judge between right and wrong. In addition, with the help of such values an individual is able to perceive and interpret the surroundings on the basis of which, an individual is able to make correct decisions. Since values play such crucial role in an individual’s life. It has been indicated that values have significant role in influencing the attitude of an individual i.e. commitment and job satisfaction along with other factors. On the other hand, it has also been indicated that conflicting values systems can negatively influence ...

Flannery O’Connor is a unique writer that succeeded to combine humor and horror in a manner that is unusual for a female writer. In her short story “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” O’Connor intrigued readers with unexpected events and ambiguous characters that are difficult to analyze. She brought up an important theme of good and bad, human grace, and justice. Her personages are bright being described with detachment and clarity. Her ability to apply grotesque is fantastic. It is difficult to distinguish between the most and the least sympathetic characters in the story written by Flannery O’ ...

Introduction

How were the Grinch's attitudes formed in the first place? Grinch attitudes were brought about by his cognitive beliefs and thoughts about the Christmas. He had a negative feeling and emotions about the Christmas that was provoking him and he hate in engaging in Christmas activities. Everybody in Who-ville loved Christmas and they were eagerly waiting for the Christmas but Grinch was entirely looking for a way he can avoid Christmas. He was the only one in the whole village who hated Christmas. His heart was too small to accommodate the love of the Christmas celebrations. According to Daniel ...

Organizational readiness for change is an issue characterized of construct. Research is subject to change and readiness for change becomes critical at this moment. As a multi-level construct, preparedness for change describes organizational members’ shared resolve to adopt a change. The members also need to have shared belief in form of a culture in their aggregate capability. Organizational inclination to change depends on how much the members value transition and how they value three fundamental measurements of implementation posibility: resource availability, task demands, and situational factors (Barnsteiner et al, 2010). Barnsteiner and his counterparts believe that proper preparation before conducting a research countered ...

The following paper has been written to provide a glimpse into the mindset of how the minorities’ percieve the police force and what has stemmed this notion. Ethnic minorities have been subject to undue discrimination on the hands of police personnel; this has caused the minorities to distrust the police and have a general negative attitude towards the force. This paper aims to understand the co relation and decipher the underlying principles regarding this impression.

Ethnicity and the Police

1. Introduction: a) Concept: The society today is plagued with racial discrimination; this holds true not just amongst the common man but ethnic divide is glaringly ...

The research study analyzes the police force and the nature with which the police conduct their job. The research is based on police job satisfaction and the risks they go through in the process of implementing public safety. It will also look at the police perception towards their actions and duties in the process of conducting their duties. The researcher will conduct a random sample survey. The sturdy targets 80 respondents to answer a structured questionnaire. 55 will be junior officers and 25 will be higher ranked officers. In this research, primary and secondary sources of data collection will be used. ...

The book ‘Effective Immediately: How to Fit in, Stand out, and Move up at your First Real Job’ is for young graduates who are entering the real jobs and provides useful tips and advices which can help them carve their niche in their jobs. It is important for the students to learn the technique to ‘stand out’ from their colleagues to get recognized. This book is full of such advices, though many of the suggestions are based on common sense; still they prove to be useful as remembering the best advice is always good. The advices shared in the ...

QUESTION ONE: Problems in the acquisition of the CRM and reasons the problem arose

In the first instance, the project seems to lack project charter, which is a statement of the scope, objectives and participants of the CRM project. The charter could have assisted in the provision of preliminary definition of roles and responsibilities therefore making it easy to come up with an awareness of which a party that has been assigned with a given task is identified with much ease, thus reducing confusion that had arisen (Burkey, & Breakfield, 2000). The other task of the document is outlining the CRM project ...

Performance Evaluation

Performance evaluation is a technique of determining the employee performance based on some given criteria to improve efficiency in the workplace (Guerra-Lopez, 2008). It is essential in ensuring that employees meet the expected standards of their work and meet organizational goals. In the given scenario, there are three points of concern with the current evaluation form. The first point of concern with the evaluation form is that it focuses more on the personality of the engineer than on his performance. The evaluation form focuses on the relationship the engineer has with other employees and his personality. The form evaluates the ...

Performance Evaluation

Performance evaluation is a technique of determining the employee performance based on some given criteria to improve efficiency in the workplace (Guerra-Lopez, 2008). It is essential in ensuring that employees meet the expected standards of their work and meet organizational goals. In the given scenario, there are three points of concern with the current evaluation form. The first point of concern with the evaluation form is that it focuses more on the personality of the engineer than on his performance. The evaluation form focuses on the relationship the engineer has with other employees and his personality. The form evaluates the ...

Introduction

In Malaysia English language is used as a second language and there are different forms that are spoken. These forms may be divided into three major categories namely: mesolect, basilect, and acrolect (Shah & Ng, 2005). The form of acrolect is very close to the native language and is used mostly by those people who have come from countries whose their first language is English (Shah & Ng, 2005). Only few people who are proficient in this type of English in Malaysia. Masolect variety is the type of English that is mostly used in the daily interaction in different areas such as ...

1. a) Describe the socialization process that Turner experienced at MLI

Socialization processes play an important role in integrating newcomers into the company and developing employee skills, relationships and attitudes, which are necessary for successful work in the company (Chao et al., 1994a; Chatman, 1991; De Vos et al., 2003; Louis, 1980; Thomas and Anderson, 1998). Neglecting or not using these processes effectively may result in job dissatisfaction, high staff turnover, low productivity and general miscommunication. Therefore, in order to make sure that recruiting expenses are not undermined by inefficient organizational socialization, effort should be put into integrating newcomers ...