Biology College Essays Samples For Students

Classical school of criminology describes the works of classical philosophers. This school of thought is developed on the premise that people’s participation crime is through their reliance of free will. In this regard, the application of punishment to a criminal behaviour was as seen as a deterrent to crime. It follows the primitive systems and mechanisms of enhancing societal order in which a range of punishments (Siegel, 2016). These forms of punishment include whipping, mutilation and executions for criminal behaviour. This school bases the argument on spirituality. That because we were born either male or female, people do ...

1) Explain three approaches within psychology: The biological approach to psychology attempts to understand mental processes in relation to the physical factors that make up the human body. Physiological, chemical, and genetic information can help to establish a better understanding of how the biological makeup of an individual has an effect on their cognition. Surgery, electrical stimulation, and neuroimaging grant biological psychologists the ability to analyze these processes on a more fundamental level. This approach to psychology is much more concerned with the impact that nature has on the human mind than nurture (Aos, 2013: 119). Behavioral approaches to ...

While it is hard to expound on life’s origin, in biology, we have learned that evolution occurs when the original species of life forms or living organisms develop and experience changes and alterations as they adapt to their environment. Thus, life constantly transforms and results in variety or variation among species and population.

Species is a group of living organisms of the same features that can reproduce and whose fertile offsprings can likewise reproduce and so on within and among that particular species; while population is a closely associated group of the same species living at a certain ...

Abortion is the deliberate removal of human pregnancy with respect to the mother’s agency, in order to achieve a death result of a fetus (Tatalovich, 2015, p. 85). The morality of abortion encompasses arguments that are against and for the practice of abortion, such as a woman’s stage of pregnancy. Consequently, the stages of pregnancy include the first trimester, which is the period of conception to week 12 of pregnancy. The second trimester includes the 13th to 27th week, while the third and final trimester ranges from week 28 to birth. The stage of pregnancy dictates and ...

Modern science and technology have had lasting impacts in the area of criminal investigations. Forensic science enables police, law enforcement, and investigators to detect small amounts of evidence left on items and persons at crime scenes. Certain evidence, such as tiny blood stains, were once invisible to the naked eye and had little value to an investigation because the technology for testing the evidence was simply not invented yet. A criminal always transfers some kind of trace evidence between himself and the victim during every crime. Trace evidence is broad and includes things from soil and paint chips to ...

Disease Description Tuberculosis or TB is a bacterial infection of the lungs, to which the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to be the main culprit (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Even though this bacterium can spread to the other internal organs, it normally attacks the lungs. The symptoms depend on where the bacterium attacks, but it usually spreads inside the lungs. An infected person may experience cough for more than 3 weeks, chest pain, and even sputum or coughing with blood. Other symptoms include chills, fever, weight loss, and fatigue. When it comes to mode of transmission, this ...

Traditionally, Islam has been standing on guard against the proliferation of sexual depravity. Together with other fundamental religions, the Quran and its commentaries strongly prohibit 'untraditional' sexual relationships both, inside and outside the matrimony. Kecia argues that traditional schools of the Islamic law describe any homosexual act as sinful and punishable (Kecia, 79). The majority of countries, where Sharia law regulates social order, define homosexuality as legally or socially persecuted (and many of them the both restraints are in force). In the most orthodox countries, like Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia any homosexual intercourse is punishable by the death ...

Alzheimer's disease - an incurable degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by progressive loss of mental abilities (memory, language, logical thinking). The risk increases after 65 years. This book is a good example of bio-cultural anthropology. The subtle journey of hope, ambiguity, and modern bioscience is what is at stake in her book, “The Alzheimer Conundrum” by Margaret Lock. Margaret Lock, a notable medical anthropologist, is recognized for her work on the cultures, intersection of bodies and surroundings, investigation by notice to aging, transplantation of organs, and genomics, alongside other subjects. Even with a lot of funds ...

Racism is discriminating a person basing on the color of the skin or the country where he is coming from. Understanding the concepts and fighting to eliminate it should be our daily activity. The fact is, it is difficult to trace its origin. The university that is a center of integrations has people from various countries, and most of them are international students, and they come from diverse communities. The major theme that is suitable for discussion here according to my point of view is racism. The topic sounds good because understanding the concepts of racism will help these ...

Over the course of the years, the healthcare sector has apparently changed its major modes of delivery of service and strategy development especially in regard to population based prevention strategies (Novick & Morrow, 2001). This has been necessitated by the shift in health determinants which previously entailed environmental, biological and agent-based determinants such as food and water-borne diseases and transmission of infectious diseases to the contemporary determinants which include the broader aspects of biological, environmental, lifestyle and the role and structure of healthcare organizations. One of the major goals of any prevention-based strategy is to reduce the risks and prevalence ...

Biodiversity refers to the diversity of life forms on Earth, millions of species of plants, animals, microorganisms, their sets of genes and complex ecosystems that make up the wildlife. Biodiversity is the main habitat-forming element of the planet, which provides the ability to save the environment and biological resources. Biological diversity is the result of close interaction with the physical shell of the biosphere, since each species is the result of a natural historical development of the organic world. Biodiversity is necessary for maintaining the functional structure of the biosphere and its component ecosystems, as its aesthetic value is the ...

The mood nowadays throughout our society seems to be one of entitlement: People seem to be looking for government assistance, government programs, forgiveness of debts, and increasing social services. What is missing from this picture is what is the contribution of the individual for the individual’s benefit. Entitlement is not just a problem of expecting more, but also of contributing less. “You owe me” not because I did the work, but simply because I am. This attitude can be extended to the lack of responsibility evidenced on the part of chronic offenders, and those addicted to various substances ...

African American communities in America have a very long history. The earliest recorded generations were brought as slaves but after the end of slavery, movements begun for the equal rights. To an extent black achieved somewhat equality but is this struggle over? Most of the black community representatives don’t believe so. Still in the contemporary world, there is a lack of acceptance by the black community as equal as white members of the society. Both colors live in entirely different segments and differ a lot in terms of the cultural, social, ethical, moral and societal norms. Both have different views concerning ...

The speech I would like to analyze was done by Kevin Kelly, on the topic “How technology evolves”. It was a TED talk in Monterey, California in February of 2005. Kevin Kelly is a co-founder of the Wired magazine. He used to be an editor/publisher at the Whole Earth Review. Kevin is a technology enthusiast, who wants to spend all of his money on new technology on one hand, and a person, who wants to sell all of his technology, except for the bicycle, on the other. Kevin Kelly went to the University of Rhode Island. As for his career, he has ...

Over time, the manner in which women were defined in the society has changed. Initially, the roles of women were prescribed to be those in the kitchen and around the compound. Males always relied on the ancient theories that considered them superior to oppress women. However, as time goes by, women have managed to advocate for their rights. As Haraway argues, ‘women know very well that knowledge from natural sciences has been used in the interests of our domination and not our liberation’ (Haraway, 10). Women were seen as playing a subordinate role to men, and they were always seen ...

The type of bloodstain evidence at the scene is a cast off pattern. According to Becker (2005), a cast-off pattern normally results in blood striking nearby surfaces such as walls, floors and ceilings. A cast-off pattern indicates that a blunt force trauma to the head. The large wound on top of the head is indicative of repeated use of the blunt force weapon on the victim. The first step in the documentation process of the room would involve conducting an initial scan of the room to ascertain the evidence present. This would then be followed by photographing of the scene in ...

I confirm that this work is my own work. Where I have rewritten someone else's ideas in my own words, I have identified this with a reference.Where I have used words directly from a book or any other source, I have enclosed these in quotation marks and have identified the source in the reference section.

Below is a photograph of gel electrophoresis result obtained from the experiment. Figure 1 L G-NTC G-DNA G-P H-NTC H-DNA H-P The gel electrophoresis result showed 14 visible bands from the lane loaded with the ladder. No visible band was observed on the lane ...

The origin of the miniskirt lies in the heart of the so called Swinging London of the 1960s. Mary Quant, a dressmaker who sold her own fashionable, and desired, designs from a store in the London district of Chelsea can be regarded as the creator of the (twentieth- century) miniskirt. Because of her privileged spot within the London fashion district and her grasp of how to connect to a mass audience (instead of relying on the ‘old’ trickle-down effect), her creation – that started out as simple street fashion – turned out to be an international fasion style. It was picked up by famous ...

The article The Ideal English Major, by Mark Edmundson, argues against the common idea that an English degree is useless. The author posits that while the current economic downtown has pushed students away from liberal arts studies and towards the hard sciences or business, an English degree is still worthwhile as it teaches students to understand what makes us human. Through reading, people gain a better understanding of different lifestyles and eras and can integrate that knowledge into their day-to-day dealings with other people. Degrees that are thought to be more practical, such as biology or economics, allow students to ...

1. What are the components and time course of the development of gender identity? Sex identity develops through a methodology of differentiation: associations of biological, social, and cognitive-learning elements that happen after some time. Differentiation implies that an essentially comparative structure develops specially, contingent on the impact of different components. Chromosomally female and male human babies are undifferentiated (have a comparable physical structure) until after the second month of pre-birth development. As development advances, different impacts build the contrast between the genders. Changes in sexual and sex development happen (or don't happen) at particular times or touchy periods, and from ...

Colorectal cancer is one of the malignant diseases that claim a lot of deaths across the globe. Though causes of cancer are unknown, research believes that there is a strong link between cancer cells and the standards of nutrition (Jun, 2013, p.145). In addition, one’s heritage and lineage contributes to an individual’s risk to developing cancer cells. This means that nutritional factors can prohibit or stimulate the growth of colorectal cancer. Thus, it is evident that dietary habits and heretical genes are the key components in enhancing the colorectal carcinogenesis. It is crucial to not that cancer has become a leading ...

One theory in evolution that has consistently been in sync with observations is that of ‘survival of the fittest’. This is the base for explaining the behavior of all species and their struggle for existence. Since the beginning of time, a balance has always been maintained in the eco-biological system to ensure sustenance and evolution. That there are carnivores and herbivores – predators and preys – show the existence and importance of a natural system for maintaining balance. Any mechanism can be modeled and analyzed mathematically. The predator-prey interaction is an evolving mathematical problem that has been explained using various theories, the ...

In order to know the relationship between the cognitive and the biological features of Alzheimer’s disease, it is very important to know the definition of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer is defined as the developed form of dementia that usually begins at the age of 40 years onwards. It usually begins when a person has problems speaking and remembering things and eventually the patients becomes very helpless and dies (Jon et al., 2013). According to its history, in 1906 the first person to talk about this disease was Alois Alzheimer. Following his discovery, the disease was later named after him ( ...

Science is a mathematical and results based discipline. Methodical and analytical, the expectation is that science ought to be free of bias and undue influences, unlike other disciplines. However, like any other discipline conducted by humans various factors somehow manage to influence Science. The influencing factors include racial bias and politics that provide the primary focus and subject of this paper. Racial bias is simply the attitudes, especially the negative attitudes that people may have regarding a certain race. Politics, on the other hand, in this paper applies to its broad interpretation of the practice of influencing people whether on an ...

Introduction Social stratification refers to the institutionalization of a layered hierarchy in societal relationships that ultimately defines social roles, entitlements and rewards (Thio, 1997). The social rewards (manifesting as wealth, power and prestige) then, usually become the defining characteristic and the very basis of social stratification. In effect, the notion of this patterned social inequality is deeply ingrained in social stratification wherein some people get more rewards than others based on their social hierarchy. Social stratification has certain characteristic features that include an ideological basis and its influence on the chances of its members attaining a good quality of life. ...

The cellular components in bacteria that are created from building blocks include polysaccharides, peptidoglycan and ribosomes. Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate structures that come into existence from repeating units that are bonded by glycosidic bonds. They provide energy by breaking down starches into glucose. In addition, the glucose produced is also important in treating shock in the bacteria cell. On the other hand, peptidoglycan is a polymer that has sugars and amino acids that form a layer outside the plasma membrane of the bacteria. It forms the cell wall of the bacteria. This component plays a structural role in the bacteria cell ...

The characteristic of the hominid is reflected by an upright gait of the individual. The other characteristics are that the hominid does have the large and increased size of the brain and the individuals considered intelligent.Compared to other primates in anthropology hominid have a trodden face and there teeth are different due to the reduction size of the teeth and jaws of the species. The value of the dark skin in tropical latitudes is that they have is melanin that in most cases referred to act as the protection of the human skin.The melanin acts as a protective biological shield ...

in the Nineteenth Century

Whenever Arts becomes the subject of conversation, the first thing that comes to mind is painting. Some of the famous painters we know while growing up are the likes of Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Vincent van Goh, and Pablo Picasso. Notice that these painters are only men. Certainly, the masterpiece of daVinci, Mona Lisa, is a woman. However, we have yet to come up with at least an example of a woman painter. Here, we find an interesting point of discussion. At first, it would seem a matter of gender equality. However, the subject is the Arts ...

1. Choose one social identity group: race, gender, sexuality or ability. Explain how that group has been socially constructed throughout history and how the social construction has led to marginalization. Gender differences have been an important part of society formation as well as division of labor from ancient times. The social class system has had a great impact on societies and their formation. Philosophers and thinkers have tried to analyze various elements of these classes and inequality system in the society and this has led to the marginalization of women as the fairer and weaker sex. Gender discrimination has ...

Gender can be defined as an individual’s feelings, behaviors that certain cultures relate with persons’ biological sex and attitude. It represents how one feels about their gender and how they express it though masculinity or feminism. Therefore, a behavior that is found to conform to the cultural expectations is thus gender-normative, and those that are incompatible with the cultural expectations amount to gender non-conformity. However, psychologists look at gender in three aspects which include: differences in presentations, traits and actions; an individual’s dissimilarity in those who identify as either female or male; the influence of gender on men ...

After the Arab Spring revolution a lot of children suffered and were left as orphans. Some people from Arab Muslim countries, especially the Gulf States wanted to take care of the orphans. Under the Islamic law however it was a big issue. The children would not have the citizenship identity under the private law in civil law; furthermore their rights would be aggrieved. Initially, no one thought about how these government procedures would affect the children. If this issue was not addressed, the children would suffer and face many problems. The problem regarding the name change would be in conflict ...

Oedipus the King is one of the most eminent literary works in the history of literature. The work has stood the test of time, and has left an everlasting mark on the minds of the avid readers. The critics across the world have spoken in unison regarding the literary quintessence of the literary work. The character of the protagonist, Oedipus, is an immortalized literary character that embodies one of the most tragic fates in the history of literature. His characteristic traits set him apart, and the chronology of events in his life that shape him as an individual leaves a ...

Race and concepts of racism have changed from the sixteenth to the twenty-first centuries in various ways. Concepts of race have continually transformed and progressed in various ways. According to Dr Cooke’s lecture, in the early sixteenth century, associations of race surfaced with breed, families and lineages. It was important to trace the bloodlines and tracing genealogy. From then onwards especially in the 19th and 20th centuries, more emphasis on race was more on religious descents than on biology (Dr Cooke, The Historical Roots of ‘Race’). For instance, the works of Carolus Linnaeus and Comte de Buffon on ...

When there are two events or conditions, with one being the cause of the other being the effect, then this will be referred to as the cause and the effect (Smith 3). The cause is that condition that makes the other condition to happen, while the effect is that which happens. For instance, when it comes to a disease such as HIV/AIDS, HIV is the cause, while AIDS is the effect (Smith 13). In this case, a single cause leads to a single effect. It should be noted that some causes may have multiple effects. Apart from that, a single can also be ...

ABSTRACT This assignment details the inventory of bones on a case study provided on the general skeletal bones listed with an alphabetic code and a key indicated. The first part points out the bones identified without the hands and the feet limbs which are missing in the anatomical examination. The second part focuses on the biological information outlined and the specifics observed, noted and interpreted by the forensic anthropology with application of the principles of forensic anthropology. This report details the fracture or bone damage to the cranium to the skeleton that evidences the projectile trauma very suggestive of a hurled ...

Cytoplasmic actins refers to the conserved proteins. Actin can be found in all eukaryotic cells, and are involved in variety of cell motility. Protein structure is formed by combination of variety of amino acids by losing the molecule of water. Proteins get involved into variety of biological functions, and proteins have different types of structures depending upon the requirements. This paper intends to discuss different types of protein structures, their functions and other related aspects. The structure of proteins can be divided into three categories i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary. The structures of proteins are polypeptides-sequences that get ...

There is an increasing threat of biological weapons with the ever evolving molecular biology; from genetically tailored viruses and microorganisms which are applied to build up new biological weapons. It poses a great deal of danger to the human existence, and it is expected to get even worse unless some measures are taken to stand against bioweapons (Block, 2001). Even though biologists say that a biological attack would have to be in a large scale, it is still a threat. If an attack occurred in Tokyo, what should stop them to do it again? Biological weaponry is characterized with relative ease of ...

Abraham Maslow proposed this theory in his paper in 1943. The Maslow’s theory describes the hierarchy of need. The theory classifies the needs in a pyramid where the most basic needs are at the bottom. Abraham Maslow uses various terms such as; belongingness, physiological, esteem, self-transcendence, love and self- actualization, in describing the array through which human motivation pass through. (Slipp, 1982) This article describes the Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, the concepts of reduction and incentives, and also illustrates how intrinsic and extrinsic motives affect the process of learning.

The concept of drive reduction was formulated by Clark ...

The steps made so far in the process of gene mapping has opened up ways in which more studies are done on the human DNA. ENCODE and Genome researchers have so far sequenced more than 90 genomes. With the understanding of genes and their loci, it has been easier to locate and carry out studies on a single gene. Most genes code for various proteins in the body of an organism; it has become paramount that the roles of these genes be identified and prescribed out. The knowledge of the functions of each gene, or the protein it codes for, ...

The last few decades have seen significant judicial and legal changes related to divorce and child custody. The aim of this paper is to look at the child custody issues related to a particular case and how American Psychological Association’s Guidelines for Child Custody Evaluations can help to resolve those issues. In most cases, there is little empirical evidence to support the methods used by professionals in resolving child custody disputes in the court. The child custody evaluations have become more comprehensive during the past decade. Different and numerous methods of data gathering are used to raise the reliability ...

Psychology can be defined as the scientific examination of the mind as well as behavior. There are various perspectives or approaches to psychology. (Nevid, p.3) This essay discusses the similarities and differences between Psychodynamic perspective and Biological perspective.

The Biological perspective of psychology explains that our behaviors and traits are determined by our genetic make-up, hormones, nervous system as well as the structure and operation of the brain. This perspective observes thoughts, feelings and behaviors from a medical or biological point of view. Examples of this perspective include; the spatial awareness that enables us find our way home and the ...

Dr.

Nature Is Our Mother Who are the culprits in letting this polar bear and its cub on a sheet of ice and snow in the middle of ice-cold ocean? The polar bears seem to be frightened and hanging dearly to the floating ice. Someone is responsible for them losing their carefree life. The polar bear illustration showing a mom bear and its cub caught my eye and prompted me to write the following assay on global warming. In glance looking at the picture, it is hard to imagine and think about global warming and its ramifications for the ...

There are many divergent opinions on the existence of universal moral system in the world. Many people disagree on such topics as abortion, euthanasia, homosexuality, animal rights, and social justices. The existence of such divergent opinions puts forth the question as to whether there is the universal moral system or not. This paper seeks to analyze the arguments and counter arguments that surround universality of morals. Some scientists, such as Marc Hauser (2009) of Harvard University and several others claim that there is a universal moral system in the world. Hauser argues that the world tend to have a particular ...

1. In my opinion, the Social Disorganization is the best for explaining crime and the criminal behavior, because in my opinion most of the crimes occur because of the disorganized communities, in which there are no behavioral and social traditions, and this pave the way to the creation of the criminal traditions, which is then passed to the youth generation. So, a society with the disorganized social structure provides a land for the criminal activities through the cultural transmission of the criminal values, and lack of the behavioral control mechanism. Further, this theory can be considered as best for describing the ...

Schizophrenia is a dissociative disorder whose victims experience paranoid delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, and an increased separation from reality. Additional symptoms include strange behaviors, scattered and disorganized thought processes, and a acute sense of social withdrawal and sociopathy. Schizophrenia comes in both acute and chronic forms, varying based o repetition and severity of episodes. Some patients with schizophrenia often experience violent behavior due to feelings of danger or risk, and must alleviate their paranoia and anxiety through these actions. The following outlines some of the major etiology and treatment methods of schizophrenia, as well as the rationales behind them. ...

Sexual identity is said to be an individual's identity that mirrors their sexual perception. Everyone has a biological inclination that leads them to act a certain way, this is exact prior to being born. After which social and cultural factors causes changes in the way sexuality is oriented, in terms of heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual tendencies. The combination of the components such as moral, religious, ethnic, occupational into a greater overall influence of developing the multi-dimensional construct of sexual identity. An individual's life, may or may not align with sexual orientation, biological sex or sexual behavior because sexual identity can ...

The post- 9/11 security scenario is one that has given birth to a whole new paradigm of vulnerability and risk analysis. A world with an entirely different set of values and priorities in regards to our understanding of risks and threats and one that involves developing a completely new set of guidelines, goals and objectives in order to protect ourselves from terror attacks and threats. This paper attempts to look at a few of the vulnerabilities that an individual possesses and which target hardening methods might be used to offset those vulnerabilities in order to offset the very real threat of attacks.

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Overview and objectives For the last one year, I have experienced massive changes in my career evaluated through academic achievements. As a first-year pharmaceutical science student, I have experienced academic challenges, which have acted as a platform for improvement. On the rate of one to ten, with ten being the highest, I have gauged my achievements in various disciplines, in relation to poor and excellence. Based on the evaluation parameters, I have the strength in tackling Chemistry-oriented subjects especially in the topics of organic and inorganic science. The fact that I scored above eight out of ten indicates significant achievement ...

There are many cases of divorce in contemporary societies. This means that there are equally many children who are being subjected to the separation of their familial ties that include both parents. When parents feel that they no longer love one another, they believe that the only logical thing to do is to separate and to eventually divorce. Children lose their sense of family following the divorce of their parents. This is because they do not only lose their family, their home but their entire way of life as they have always known it. Many researchers have concluded that ...

Sleep is an essential component of an individual‘s health and well being. Sleep is a biological system that ensures the body rebuilds itself. The duration of sleep is important in the promotion of attention send other cognitive processes. The period where one is awake takes a toll on the physical and the cognitive ability. Through sleep, physiological changes within the individual work in the repair. Scientific research indicates that sleep also increases mortality. There is a sufficient duration, continuity and intensity of sleep affects an individual. Insomnia is a disease that is associated with sleep deprivation. The lack of sleep proves to ...

Racism, race and ethnicity are critical concepts in social structure that have been studied widely. Race for instance has played a great role in everyday interactions and many sociologists have been keen to study why, how and what have been engendered by these interactions. In sociology racism, race, and ethnicity carry distinct and dissimilar meanings. To understand their sociology perspective it is critical to understand their concepts as elaborated in this essay. According to Raub (720), an ethnic group can be defined as a social group of people sharing common culture, for instance; common religion, common language, common practices, norm, ...

With the nuclear war threat, the safest place that a person can be is in a fall-out shelter. Inside the shelter one is protected from the radioactive reactions, however when a nation is under threat, there is the need to keenly select the best members whose lives have to be saved. Those in the fall-out shelter are the future hope of the nation in case everybody else perished in the war. In this case, the shelter can only accommodate five people which make the criteria for selecting the people who ought to be in the shelter a challenging task. In this case, the ...

The pituitary gland is the most essential gland in the human body system because it controls the functioning of other glands in the body. Precisely, it produces and stores hormones, which control a variety of body functions, which include production of urea, and sex hormones (Melmed 56). Thyroid activity and growth of infants are the other essential functions performed by this gland. Evidently, the pituitary gland functions by manufacturing various kinds of hormones. The pituitary gland receives signals from the environment via the brain. This prompts the release of specific hormones to the blood stream (Hoh 104). These hormones ...

Life is a boon to every living kind. It has been the system of nature that one depends upon others for their survival. The dependency can be in different format. It can be either for the food, support, and different other variables. Humans being the social creature are dependent upon one another for their survival. The dependencies are upon the biological and physical needs of people. One helps other upon their survival fulfilling their needs at various different levels.

Human body is composed of different organs sharing common features with other bodies. Unlike some organs, different biological units are classified ...

- The exposure of CFCs to strong ultra violet radiation breaks them down. Whenever this occurs, the chlorofluorocarbon molecule produces atomic chlorine. Just one chlorine atom destroys over a hundred thousand ozone molecules. The overall effect is to wipe out ozone at a faster rate than naturally created (Abdul-Wahab 9).

- Penguins and marine ecosystems are sustained by the energy flow from primary producers in the food chain via intermediate consumers, consumers as well as pathogens, and then back through decomposition pathways (Prischmann 23). Therefore, marine lives are biological networks where the success of penguins is connected directly or indirectly via various ...

Biologist uses different terms to describe evolution based on the available information. Speciation which is a term describing the formation of new species can be termed a complex technical term considering the level of information and arguments raised by a biologist in respect to the subtypes of speciation. We know that species are formed by various process which somewhat might be difficult to ascertain. It is also defined as the "evolution of genetically distinct populations maintained by reproductive isolation in the case of sexual taxa" (Bolnick & Fitzpatrick) This form of macroevolution comes into play via hybridizing or crossbreeding in some situations. ...

When I think of laws the first describing word which comes to my mind is not “moral”, “ethical” or “traditional” but “objective”. I support a statement that law should be isolated from religious prescriptions and be as much as possible secluded from people’s traditions. The laws define how a society should live therefore they must give equal rights and be constructed in accordance with the majority of population. What is also important, the laws must be reviewed and updated on a periodic basis. But certainly, traditions and moral play a vital part in this process of law ratification. As a state with the ...

Determining whether or not technology use in the classroom is positive for the children in the classroom has been subject of debate for many years. Since technology has become more and more available and much cheaper to install and use in the classroom, many teachers have been utilizing different technologies as teaching tools in their classrooms. Whether or not the use of technology in the college classroom brings more harm than good is debatable. While technology has been a central factor in many sectors including business and education, this debate has taken center stage with the growth of new and ...

Motivation can be defined as the desire to do something. In deeper details, it may be referred as the psychological action resulted from organism acting towards an anticipated goal, with an explicit reason and prompts, streams, and controls certain goal-influenced behaviors. The relationship between motivation, thoughts, and behaviors is interconnected. Each and every aspect depends on each other. The power to change one’s behavior is a common example that describes the relationship between motivation, and how it influences behavior and thus the thinking process (Leith pg.98. A person can be helped to engage in behavior that would change ...

Gender is a set of traits or characteristics that are linked with a specific biological sex, which is either male or female. These traits are generally known as feminine or masculine. Gender formation is a thing that has been controversial in many scientific grounds like psychology. Particulary, investigators and theorists take varying viewpoints on how much of gender is because of biological, culture and socialization and also as a result nature or evolutionary factors. The biological and cultural perspective explained gender difference in an appropriate way because each perspective has its own option hence creating the difference and one is able to ...

Motivation and emotion are aspects of psychology that have attracted a lot of concerns. It is an agreeable fact that all humans are attributed to the desire of being successful in all their endurances. Each individual who either has achieved a set objective or seems to be in the verge of it is considered motivated. Emotions, on the other hand, refers to a state of feeling characterized by thoughts and changes in the behavior of humans as a result. The complex nature of motivations and emotions has hindered their study to one conclusive explanation. Theorists have developed various hypotheses to establish the root ...

Marriage entails coming together of two people of the opposite sex .In most cases if the couples differs due to either economic , social or any other, reason, divorce occurs. In this case, divorce is defined as legal process of ending a marriage, with the full consent of the two parties involved. Divorce affects both the couples and their children. Debatably, Divorces are viewed differently by men and women (Clarke-Stewart and Cornelia, 35). Men look at it as a way to their freedom so that the can go back into the free, searching, and dating world. On the other hand, women view ...

4 Essay Review

Each error must include: A number next to the error. At the end of the essay, each comment must include: - Identify the error (Where it is located). - Explain why it is an error. - Show how to correct the error.

The cake that the guest brought to dinner are delicious.(1) - This is a subject-verb agreement error. - The subject and the verb must agree in number and person. - Change “are” to “is” so that the sentence reads: “the cake that the guests brought to ...

Throughout the history of terrorism in America, the lethality of weapons used for attacks as well as the defense has inexorably increased. The weapons used revolutionize over time from bronze to steel, guns, and to current use of nuclear and biological bombs (Combs and Combs, 2003). For each generation, the risk imposed by these weapons to civilians proves to be more lethal and deadlier than the predecessors. America has not been left behind as the lethality of the defense weapons applied in these attacks, and in protecting the nation have also been modernized. However, with the increase and ...

Judith Butler introduces the most controversial analysis of gender of all time. She argues that gender, as far as it can be viewed as an objective tangible natural thing, it does not in reality exist. She argues that gender in reality is performative, which means that gender is real only to the exact extent to which it is performed (Butler 270). She further argues that gender has absolutely no ties to the material bodily constructions and facts but is rather a social concept, a fictional construction that is thus prone to high levels of contestation and change. Her argument is based ...

Journals

Psychology is introduced as a scientific study of behavior. It also has a mental element. The professional is concerned examination and analysis of behavior. This is done in order to understand, predict, control and explain the behavior of that person. In the chapter, one is also able to learn the various approaches to psychology. This fundamental as it equips the learner with basic skills to pursue the course in-depth. The study provides the learner with a broad range of the various fields of study and practice in psychology. It is extremely vital for the students to have a comprehensive understanding of the ...

Article Review: “A Reconciliation between The article “A Reconciliation between Structural and Functional Psychology” by Calkins (1906) starts with a presentation of Darwin’s viewpoints on the contrast between biological and physical sciences. While biology uses the functional method to investigate the relationship between animals and their surroundings, physical science uses the structural method to investigate the nature of elements involved in certain objects or processes and their mutual interactions. According to Calkins’ presentation of Darwin’s arguments, relying exclusively on a single approach, whether it is the functional or structural method, cannot be considered reliable or accurate. In ...

The innate aspects of human emotions are those that people have from the very beginning of their lives. They are primary for a person and include the following emotions: sadness, anger, fear, disgust, anticipation, surprise, joy and trust. These emotions develop early in humans, because they are necessary for survival. Facial expressions of emotions are also innate. The basic emotions have the following characteristics: 1) possess distinct and specific neural substrates; 2) they are manifested through the expressive and the specific configuration of facial muscle movements (facial expressions); 3) they imply a clear and specific experience, which is recognized by people; ...

What Makes Brain Unique 1st sentence: This article was co-authored by Fred H. Gage and Moutri R. Alysson. 2nd sentence: The article was developed using biological explanations on how people have special, but peculiar sets of brains which often control their day to day lives. 3rd sentence: This article was written in order to educate the readers on the factors contributing to the uniqueness in the brains of people including identical twins who despite sharing lots of genes, end up developing to have different kinds of brains which are not identical at all. 4th sentence: ...

In this assignment, I will answer two related questions that present a philosophical problem. In the first scenario, doctors took a raccoon and shaved away some of its fur. They dyed what was left all black. Then they bleached a single stripe all white down the center of its back. Then, with surgery, they put in its body a sac of super smelly yucky stuff. When they were all done, the animal looked like a skunk. In the second scenario involving a coffeepot, doctors took a coffeepot. They sawed off the handle, sealed the top, took off the top knob, closed the spout, and sawed it ...

Question a The relationship between size and complexity has been studied extensively in Biology. Of particular interest is the association between surface area and volume. As animals increase in size, their exchanges with the environment become more difficult. For example, large animals require special organs (such the heart, the liver and the kidney) to facilitate movement of nutrients and air circulation. In order to reduce this problem, several organisms (such as Porifera, Cnidaria, and Platyhelminthes) have adapted by increasing their surface area to volume ratio. The increased surface are to volume ratio simplifies processes such as respiration because the ...

The body has two main systems that are involved in the maintenance and reestablishment of homeostasis, nervous system and endocrine system. The endocrine system is made up of groups of organs that are involved in the production of chemical messengers known as hormones. Some of the major endocrine glands that are found in a human body include the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, pineal, gonad, adrenal, and pancreas glands. Although biological observations that are grounded in the functions of endocrine systems were noted by some of the ancient cultures, the modern understanding of various endocrine glands and the way they produce ...

This paper discusses and answers the questions related to the laws of thermodynamics, differences between potential energy and kinetic energy, and differences between overall efficiency and efficiency of a light bulb. Current knowledge regarding thermodynamics has been applied to answer these questions with help of online resources. 1) How are the laws of thermodynamics an important consideration when trying to make the most efficient mechanical machines to do work (such as create light)? A) The Zeroth law of thermodynamics is the fundamental law of physics, which suggests that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, and one ...

An organism exhibits a certain rhythms within a 24-hour period. The characteristics of these rhythms differ from one organism to another. It is pertinent to note that Circadian rhythms incorporate mental, physical, as well as physical variations in response to the environmental change of light and darkness. These rhythms are different from the biological clocks in many dimensions and their study is known as chronobiology. However, the variations of the circadian are highly related to the biological clock. Studies have revealed that there is a relationship between the genetic composition of an organism and their circadian rhythms. Signals from the environment are ...

One of the most essential processes that occur in living cells is cell division. This is the process in which a primary cells producer new cells by dividing into two or more parts. Cell division in living organisms usually occurs in two different ways: meiosis and mitosis. In the 9th edition of Biology: Life on Earth by Gerald Audesirk, Theresa Audesirk and Bruce E. Byers, meiosis is defined as a kind of cell division where a diploid nucleus essentially divides twice to give rise to four haploid nuclei. Each of the four haploid nuclei contains half of the number of chromosomes ...

Naturalism is a literary movement which generally expresses the situation whereby social conditions and environmental setup and conditions shape the human character. These two conditions shape the belief and normal realities of a person. Naturalism can be dated back in the 19th and 20th centuries where the blacks tended to change their character and behavior prior to the social and environmental condition the whites exposed them to. Naturalism has two major determining forces that make an individual change their belief, character and general normal realities. The first determiner is the biological determiner. This phenomena state that human beings are driven ...

In the world, vectors are primary host for diseases pathogens. Vectors are very important in spread of diseases because they act as intermediate host to pathogen, also help in completion of pathogen life cycle. Control of vector by epidemiology has shown result in reduction of infections that spread by vectors. Epidemiology is a branch of science that deals with diseases and there control. Below is a summary of surveillance and control of some vectors.

Dengue virus is always associated with mosquitoes Aedes Aegyptis and these is the main target in control and the surveillance of this diseases. Surveillance is done to ...

Carbon dioxide is generated through cell metabolism that takes place in the mitochondria. Carbon dioxide amount that is produced is dependent on the metabolism rate as well as on the relative carbohydrate, protein and fat amount being metabolized. The amount of carbon dioxide produced at rest is usually about 200 ml per minute eating a mixed diet. This results in the utilization of about 80% of oxygen and gives respiratory quotient of 0.8 (Arthurs & Sudhakar 2005, p. 207). Carbon is one of the main products that are released following metabolism and the level of it in the body is highly ...

Biological and cognitive abnormalities are some of the medical models of abnormality. These abnormalities are caused by different experiences and factor through which an individual may be exposed to, thus affecting the mental ability or the functionality of the body and the mind in general. Biological model entails the mental illness of an individual and the general diagnosing of the mind in relation to the physical illness. Biological abnormality therefore argues that since abnormal behavior is a mental disorder, it is therefore genetic and it has to be diagnosed just like a physical illness before it is being treated. The genes ...

Question 1 Personality can be defined as the individual differences that exhibit themselves in the feelings, thinking patterns and the behavior of individuals. The issue of psychology can be looked at from eight basic perspectives. These are biological, psychoanalytical, behaviorist, neo-analytic, cognitive, humanistic, interactionist and trait models. The biological perspective tries to explain behavioral differences through biological processes that occur internally in our bodies such as genetics, nervous system and the brain. These factors affect our individual behaviors. Psychoanalytical aspect concentrates on the role or impact of early on the sexual drives of an individual and ...

Being a disabled person, I have had to overcome many struggles. Through the help of my mother and father, who loved me very much throughout my life, I have learned determination. I have learned to set goals and follow through with each goal, no matter how difficult they may seem to be. In 2008, I earned an Associate degree in Arts from HCC through my hard work and determination, and I am currently working to achieve my goal of two more degrees at HCC in Science and Biotechnology. These two degrees will help me fulfil my goals for a career in ...

The Memletics accelerated system learning system seeks to recognize and effectively brings out what each individual prefers in the learning styles and techniques. This seeks to clarify the various techniques that an individual has in that field. This brings that each individual has a dominant style over the other styles preferred in that logical order. Other people may find that they have different learning styles in different circumstances. An individual may use the different styles and does develop the character of improving the ability and the speed in the quality of the individual learning. The purpose seeks to show that ...

The structure of a plant cell wall has both primary and secondary cell walls composed of cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses and pectin. On the other hand, the bacterial cell wall structure is composed of peptidoglycan. There are also some differences and similarities in their roles. The bacterial cell wall helps in maintaining the shape of the cell, provides protection, and also acts as an anchor for flagella. The plant cell wall also helps in maintaining the shape of the cell just like the bacterial cell wall. In addition, it provides support, stores carbohydrates, regulates material flow in and out of the ...

A. In the 20th Century, there have been many explanations for the causes or warfare, such that it is a biological or psychological instinct, a cultural invention, or a political and historic necessity of states acting in their own rational self-interests. Sigmund Freud theorized that the human psyche was split between Eros and Thantos, the love instinct and the death instinct, and that the latter was responsible for war and aggression. Thantos also used reason and the intellect to invent ever more expensive technologies of death and destruction, but Freud hoped that Eros and the intellect could unite to overcome Thantos, so ...

Microevolution is the way in which individual traits change overtime within a certain population. For a population to revolutionize, some things must just be assumed to be true. In simple terms, there must be some processes involved that in the long run will cause microevolution. Microevolution mainly occurs due to the presence variations. Variations among individuals normally take place in what is referred to as the gene pool of the population. Genetic pool is the compilation of the genetic information of all individuals within a certain population. No two individuals in a population have the similar blend of genes, some genes may be ...

The advent of social networks has thoroughly overhauled the way operations run at formal organizations. There are two sides to this argument. On one hand, social networks have enhanced the quality of work exhibited by the current generation of workforces for formal organizations. This arises because of the ease of flow of information and teamwork enabled by the communication infrastructures that result from improved technology. Teams generate solutions to extremely complex problems because of the combined voluntary effort into the greater advancement and solution of most workplace and technical issues.

With unrestricted access to a pool of social groups the ...

Man is a social creature by nature. The social arrangement creates a society which has a culture of its own. The culture tends to maintain the societal order (Anon. 5). Furthermore, the idea that the first human beings were social indicates that the society is an important concept of the human life. With this in mind, it is important to look at the difference between men and women with the aim of identifying whether the difference is biological or a social construction. This discussion seeks to prove that the difference is as a result of the social function. Anon. (9) holds that the treatment ...

The human body is not a mechanical construct. A surgeon cannot put in a new pair of lungs the way a mechanic would replace an air filter in a car. A person is imbued with life; it is that quality that doctors strive to preserve and improve. All bodily systems contribute to this one central aspect. No one system can malfunction without affecting the whole. This is one reason why it is so important for specialists to know terms that are associated with all of the different body systems. Even if you were to work with only one system, that one system is ...

Arguably, racism and ethnic inconsistencies are among the leading issues facing most countries in the world. Stable and powerful nations, such as the United States, have ethnical challenges as much as any other country across the globe. The United States particularly, is comprised a mixture people of nearly every ethnical background in the world, a good number of them being blacks and Hispanics among others. According to McWhorter (2004), “modern America is home now to millions of immigrants who were born in Africa”. McWhorter also argues that, the culture of this particular people is a mixture of the United States and Africa. ...

Part 1 Environment influence our lives in many ways. The aspect of writing is not left out among all factors that are being influenced by environment. The purpose of this paper is to highlights the findings gathered from exploring an author, his or her writings and the environment. A Typical case study in this paper is that which involves analysing Brian Morris, the author of 'insects and human life' wrote a book on insect and the relationship with humans. The book written by this author has clearly shown it that there are social and cultural influences of the ...

Food contamination refers to food that contains substances that make the food unsuitable for human consumption. Food contaminants are essential to public health because food contaminants cause illness and can even cause death in extreme cases. This topic is relevant today because food-borne diseases are a serious public health challenge all over the world.

There three main types of food contaminants; biological, chemical and physical. Biological comprise of living microorganisms contained in food such as bacteria, parasites and viruses. These microorganisms get into food in various ways. Poultry or meat maybe contaminated with intestinal bacteria when the meat is being ...

Intuition is the inner power of an individual that helps to connect with the environment (Osho, 1). However, there are the biological, social and scientific explanations that drive humans to ignore their intuitions, even in instances where the intuition could be actually correct. It is therefore important for individuals to understand what intuition is, and have the ability to differentiate it from wishful thinking, as the two can be really confusing. At times intuition can be wrong, just as it is occasionally correct. It would therefore be an act of undermining the inborn roots of knowledge to just ignore ...

Composting is a process where organic materials in soil are transformed into a dark rich matter referred to as humus or compost (Swartzbaugh, 1993). The process can be biological or could involve using the latest technology to aid in composting. Humus is important in soil as it enhances fertility, workability, drainage, and water retention capacity in soils. MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) generally referred to as ‘garbage’ is an important source of organic matter to soils when treated through composting procedures. MSW majorly contains waste food, containers and packaging, batteries, old furniture, tires, and oils (Robinson, 1986). However, when introduced directly ...