Nausea College Essays Samples For Students

Literature review

Kaasa, S. (2015). Is Cancer Pain Control Improved by a Simple WHO Pain Analgesic Ladder Approach Combined With Tumor-Directed Treatment?.Journal of Clinical Oncology, JCO647537.

Article summary

This article takes into consideration the role that the WHO analgesic ladder plays in addressing cancer pain in palliative care patients. The authors identify that cancer pain occurs in 90% of cancer patients but only half them are under proper pain management. To this effect, therefore, there is the need for applying opioids under the WHO ladder guidelines as a way of addressing cancer pain in oncology care patients.

This is a narrative qualitative research ...

Why marijuana should be used for treatment in cancer patients to relieve nausea and vomiting, stimulate appetite and discuss their side effects.
For many years, marijuana has been used to treat various ailments. During the 19th and 20th centuries, many journals were published on the medicinal benefits of marijuana. However, its use started declining in the early twentieth century as a result of development of alternative therapies and also due to legislation that put it under controlled substances. Nevertheless, medicinal marijuana is increasingly becoming advocated to help in managing chronic diseases, especially cancer.
There are people with cancer ...

The exploit of cannabis as well as its ingredient cannabinoids such as Tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC) as a physician-recommended form of medicine or herbal therapy is what is known as medical Marijuana (Marmora, 1998). Even though the degree of the medicinal value of cannabis has been debated against widely, it does have numerous well-supported favourable outcomes. Amid these are the reduction of nausea and vomiting and encouragement of hunger in chemotherapy patients. Its efficiency as a pain reliever has also been proposed to be true. Conversely, Marijuana is an illegal drug so this brings about the question of why marijuana should be used ...

3.1. As a care worker in a specific care setting:

3.1.a. Explain what you understand by reliability of information during complementary therapies.

As a care worker in a specific care setting such as geriatric care or cancer care, there has to be more than enough information needed to support any decision to turn to complimentary therapies for relief. Although some of the unconventional therapies are said to have originated from ancient practices, it is still not enough to justify its effectiveness and reliability. Some health clinics offering alternative healing advertise their services through the internet, newspaper or magazine. There is still a need for ...

Implementation plan

The problem of cancer pain amongst oncology care patients need to be given the required attention as a way of seeing to it that such individuals are able to emerge with desirable outcomes. It is important for pain alleviation programs to be put into place to make sure that such individuals are able to manage their conditions and assists them incorporate into the society. As such, it is essential that all due processes are followed to guarantee that pain alleviation amongst cancer patients is achieved. Having in place a proper implementation program will be an important step in achieving ...

Surgical Anesthesia

Pharmacology and Indications
Licocaine
Licocaine is a type of medication used with an aim of numbing tissues and nerves within a given area of the body, which provides that anesthetic effect for the body. The most popular brand names for this particular drug are xylocaine and lignocaine. Some of the common effects associated with this particular medication include drowsiness, muscle twitching, nausea, and confusion (1). The severity of the side effects depends wholly on a patient’s reaction to the chemical composition of the drug. Regarding its mode of action, licocaine works by blocking the voltage-gated Na+ channels, which ...

REPORT: OPIOIDS AND YOUNG ADULTS

Introduction
In many instances, young people use prescription drugs without prescription from physicians; this is prescription drug abuse. National surveys reveal that prescription drugs used in the treatment of ADHD, pain and anxiety are abused by young adults. The commonly abused prescription drugs include; Central Nervous System depressants, opioids and stimulants. Opioids are drugs prescribed for pain treatment. This report presents an analysis of opioids and their effects on young adults within my community. In order to do this, it explored description, prevalence statistics, effects and possible solutions to use.
Opioids are medications used in pain relief; ...

Situation: Assessment of an Old Adult PatientMrs. Madeleine Corners, a 56-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with a clinical diagnosis of hyperglycemia (blood sugar 400), diabetes Type-II and vomiting. She was diagnosed with diabetes Type- II 5 years ago. She decided to seek medical assistance once she started experiencing nausea, extreme weakness and vomiting two weeks ago. The illness became severe when she started vomiting three times within an hour. The source of history of the client seems reliable.

Area: Petersburg (Grant Memorial)
Birth date: June, 12, 1958.
Birthplace: Virginia
Age: 55
Sex: Female
Background:
...

The main objective of any health care system is to provide patient care with desirable patient outcomes. Simply put, a health care system strives to promote well-being and heath status of all human beings. It is also important to note that most aspects of the healthcare focus on prevention and management of pain among patients because freedom from pain is an essential dimension of health. Additionally, pain among patients is a multidimensional phenomenon that requires a broad, integrated and a comprehensive care model (Glare et al., 2014). Many studies that have been carried out by various scholars on health ...

Introduction

Migraine is a common type of headache disorder which is characterized by moderate to severe recurrent headache. Migraine headaches are generally severe and could last up to 3 days, wherein the pain affects half of the head but the pain is pulsating in nature. People with acute migraine headache may have suffer from sensitivity to light, vomiting, nausea, and sensitivity to smell and sound. In some cases, the pain may become severe and worsen after physical activity. In 1/3rd of patients with migraine, a short period of visual disturbance or aura occurs which is an indication that the pain ...

INTRODUCTION

Cannabis Sativa was one of the most used plants up until its ban in the 1970’s in the United States. However, California passed the use of the plant for medicinal purposes by a wide margin in the Proposition 215 of November 1996 (Kramer). There are proponents and opponents to the use of marijuana in any situation, and both sides bear strong views to support their case. In California for instance, it is permitted by law for ill patients to cultivate and use marijuana. The law stipulates that they should have a medical recommendation from a physician. The use ...

What is Cholecystitis and the common signs and symptoms associated with it?

Cholecystitis is termed for a disease of the gallbladder which is accompanied by the presence of the inflammation of the gallbladder. Most cases of gallbladder are not accompanied by symptoms and people with gallstones would not necessarily develop Cholecystitis. One of the major reasons for Cholecystitis is the blockage of the cystic duct by gallstones. Abdominal pain is a common sign of Cholecystitis but is often associated with the build-up of bile which increases the pressure within the gallbladder (Nikfarjam, M., et al. 2011).
The inflammation of the gallbladder is mainly caused due to bacterial infection of the gallbladder ...

Introduction

Medical marijuana legalization has taken shape of a movement in the United States of America as people continue to debate the pros and cons of legalization in the news media.
Since the year 1973, 12 American states have made changes to their laws to reduce penalties for possession of marijuana (Austin, 2016). This is because there are certain pros associated with the legalization of marijuana, but the cons should not be completely avoided that come along with it. Legalization of marijuana would certainly be a success for the on-going Decriminalization Movement and will provide several economic and health pros ...

How to Manage Diabetes

Managing diabetes is a daily challenge that is worth the effort. The most important thing in managing diabetes is to ensure the blood sugar maintains the levels recommended by the physician (Yee Cheng et al. 3). Eating the right foods and substituting regular soda and juice with drinking water, eating foods such as bread pasta, rice, and whole grain cereals since they contain more fiber helps maintain the right blood sugar levels. Also, it is advisable to avoid high-calorie foods and instead, choose foods like vegetables, whole grains, cereals, and skim milk. It is also important to be active ...

[Your name appears here]
[Professor’s name appears here]
[University’s name appears here]
[Date appears here]
A 52 year old man presents to the office for a routine physical. The review of symptoms reveals anorexia, heartburn, and weight loss over the past 6 months. The heartburn is long standing, occurring most days during the week. He takes TUMS or Rolaides to relieve the discomfort. The patient describes occasional use of ibuprofen for back pain, but denies other medications including herbals. He has no known allergies. He was adopted so does not know his family history. ...

Introduction

Cancer is an uncontrolled growth or spread of abnormal cells in a human body; it is not a single disease, and it has a group of 200 different diseases . It means that cancers are similar in some ways; however, every type of cancer differs in the way of its growth or how it multiplies. Since cancer is not a single disease, it consists of many different types of cancer that could start in different parts of the body. Cancers differ in types that share one characteristic that is, unchecked growth and progress to a limitless expansion or increase. For example, it could start in ...

The Causes and Effects of the use of Medical Marijuana

The cannabis plant, commonly referred to as marijuana has been historically known for its medicinal uses. It is one of the fundamental medicines or rather herbs that have been used for centuries by societies such as the Chinese. It is recommended for a wide range of conditions which it has of course proven to treat. When it is used for medicinal purposes the main intention is to capitalize on its beneficial effects to a patient so as to treat and also generally improve the patient’s health. In as much as its positive effects on the general health of a patient has ...

Parkinson’s disease lacks a cure but certain medicines can help manage the symptoms. These medications function to offer a substitute for dopamine, the signaling neurotransmitter in the brain.
Carbidopa-levodopa is hitherto the most effective medicine to manage Parkinson’s disease. This chemical moves to the brain and is converted to dopamine. The chemical levodopa is mixed with carbidopa preventing it from being converted to dopamine prematurely out of the brain hence potential side effects such as nausea are lessened. Potential side effects with this medication however include orthostatic hypotension or feeling light headed and nausea. With continued use ...

Three nursing interventions for a post-operative patient

The three nursing interventions that can be offered to a post-operative patient include the diagnosis for acute pain, diagnosis for nausea and diagnosis for risk levels for infection (Heater, Becker, & Olson, 2008). Acute pain that is related to reflex muscle and surgical incision are diagnosed by complaints of restlessness, pain, irritability and facial grimacing. This type of pain can be corrected by assessing the location of the patient’s pain and giving him or her appropriate analgesic and teaching and then assessing their correct usage of the same. Other than drugs, other methods such as massage, distraction and imagery ...

Ms. Smith is a 34-year-old Caucasian female who presented at the office for her first prenatal appointment. Ms. Smith lives in Palm Beach County and maintains a full-time accounting position. She complains of nausea that occurs particularly in the morning and subsides by 10 am for the past two (2) weeks. However, this nausea has not subsided for three (3) days. Ms. Smith is usually active but has noticed experiencing greater fatigue at the end of the day. She has reported no vaginal bleeding or fetal movement. Her last menstruation was on October 25, 2015. The patient believes she ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Since its discovery, cancer in its many forms has been a continuous plague on humanity. There is no cure, and the known treatments are often unsuccessful or too damaging to the patient to be considered for long-term use. Currently, radiation and chemotherapy are used most often, though there is scientific consideration being put toward genetic engineering for use in the future. Presently, however, the scientific community and the population at large wonder if other, herbal remedies might be of service to those suffering from cancer. Now that medicinal cannabis, as well as recreational cannabis, has been legalized in several states, ...

The legalization of marijuana has been a very controversial case for decades, with strong arguments on either side. For most of the 20th century and beyond, it has been illegal in the United States and other countries, turning its sale and usage into a vast underground market that has gone untapped by any professional outlet. Some say that it is a harmful, addictive drug that leads to health detriments down the line for those who use it. However, there are others who claim that it is perfectly safe, not addictive, and could be an incredible source of relief and treatment for those suffering ...

The importance of effective management of pain in the post-operative patient cannot be overemphasized. Its inadequate management can have profound adverse effects on patients such as sleep disturbances, mobilization difficulties, aggression, high levels of anxiety, and increased distress and suffering (Carr et al., 2005). Post-operative pain can also have unwanted physiological effects on patients and cause complications such as nausea, vomiting, paralytic ileus, and increases in blood pressure (Mackintosh, 2007). This paper will critic the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions that were used in the management of post-operative pain (rated at 6/10 on the numeric scale) in a patient who is ...

Introduction:

Huysman’s novel is an interesting and almost fateful indictment of Parisian society which focuses on the artificial and artistic collections with several aesthetic conundrums although the end result is surely quite agreeable. Huysman examines the decline of the aristocratic Jean Des Esseintes who is a recluse in his own world of art and decadence with a retrospect of the past in the salons of Paris.
In a way this novel is rather reminiscent of Marcel Proust’s ‘Remembrance of Things Past’ which also focuses on nostalgia and intellectual experiences. The main character Jean Des Esseintes is full of remorse and ...

Foodborne Illnesses

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates there are about 48 million foodborne illnesses reported in the United States every year. Of these, at least 128,000 people are hospitalized and 3,000 die after eating food contaminated by a variety of pathogens (CDC, 2011). Each pathogen lives in a medium specific to it and is transmitted in its own way. According to the CDC, the top five pathogens that contribute to foodborne illnesses in the United States are Norovirus, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus.

Norovirus is highly contagious, and it is the leading cause of foodborne ...

The human blood comprises of different cell that perform specific functions. These blood cells include: white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells. The red blood cells are in charge of distributing oxygen from the lungs to all other body parts. The platelets are responsible for the clotting of blood that is necessary in protecting the body from microorganisms when blood is exposed. The white blood cells are in charge of destroying invasive organisms which include viruses and bacteria. These cells are produced in the bone marrow which is a soft tissue found in the interior of bones. The stem ...

Subjective

MN is a 75 y/o African-American female who presents with complaints of shortness of breath, nausea, reduced urine output, fatigue and swellings in the legs as well as the ankles. The patient states that her symptoms began three days prior to her visit to the clinic and has had a decreased urine volume. Initially, the patients attributed the symptoms, especially nausea and fatigue to the side effects of the medications that she used in managing hypertension and diabetes. However, she states that the symptoms have gradually worsened and that was the reason for visiting the clinic.
Past medical history: ...

Main Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

According to the World Heart Federation (WHF, 2016), the majority of cardiovascular disease (CVD)’s etiology stems from risk factors that can easily be controlled or managed or modified although a few other risk factors cannot be controlled. For that matter, the risk factors can be grouped into two broader categories (I) modifiable factors and (II) non-modifiable factors. For the modifiable factors, they include hypertension, cholesterol, unhealthy diets, obesity and overweight, physical inactivity, and the use of tobacco (WHF, 2016). On the other hand, the non-modifiable factors include age; the risk of CVD increases with age because as a ...

Essay #2

Humanities 4501: 9/11 Literature and Film
Introduction
There are different portrayals of Mohamed Atta, one of the terrorists who participated in the 9/11 attacks, in the story “The Last Days of Muhammad Atta,” written by Martin Amis, and the film The Hamburg Cell, directed by Antonia Bird. This paper examines both the story and the film and provides a comprehensive comparison of their portrayals of Mohamed Atta. It is clear that there are significant differences and similarities between how the story and the film portray Atta. In particular, this paper compares how the two narratives portray Atta’s feelings ...

According to the NHS complementary therapies, also referred to as complementary and alternative medicine, CAM, are interventions against ailments that do not fall under mainstream medicine. However, NHS purports that there is a difference between ‘complementary’ and ‘alternative’ therapies, although the terms are always used together. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NCCIH, gives a distinction between the two terms. A therapy is referred to as complementary when it is used alongside conventional medicine. Alternative therapy replaces conventional treatment, becoming the main intervention for a patient.
This paper will focus on complementary therapies and how they impact ...

What is Manual Therapy?

Manual therapy, otherwise known as manipulative therapy is a form of physical therapy that is normally used by physiotherapist, massage therapist, chiropractors, osteopathic physicians, and occupational therapists. This form of therapy is commonly used in the treatment process of musculoskeletal pain and disability through manipulation and kneading of human muscles, joint manipulation and mobilization. The wide use of manual therapy has benefited numerous individuals and is being widely use globally. In definition, there are three major forms of manipulative therapy, such as mobilization, manipulation, and massage. The difference between mobilization and manipulation based upon the regulatory standpoint is that ...

Did Annie’s macronutrient intake fall within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) established by the Dietary Reference Intakes? Fill in the table below.

Carbohydrates
List the 5 primary sources of carbohydrate in Annie’s diet, and indicate the primary type(s) of carbohydrate provided by that source (you can identify the primary sources of carbohydrate by clicking the “+” on the left side of the “Nutrients” report online).
How did Annie’s fiber intake compare to her target of 25 grams? Give 4 examples of foods that Annie could include to increase her daily fiber intake (identify foods that ...

Body fitness is essential to the welfare of one’s health. In fact, lack thereof compromises one’s medical status, and this could lead to the development of complications such as high blood pressure and obesity. As such, many individuals have resolved to take measures aimed at enhancing their body fitness through natural bodybuilding strategies. However, the utilization of steroids is a universal preference among sportsmen and people who want to improve their fitness. Due to the marketing strategies employed by the steroid manufacturing companies, most people are unaware of the adverse side effects these drugs cause on their ...

Introduction

There were many terminologies in nursing that pertain to the same thing. As such, there were confusions since one may document differently from another or perform another method differently. Furthermore, to address this, a standardized nursing language with standardized terminologies was born. Moreover, a standardized nursing language is defined as a language that are understood by every nurse with regards to health care (Rutherford, 2008). The use of standardized terminologies in nursing is likewise considered important in the health care industry to ensure that the services delivered are of high quality. This helps documentation and data management to become ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Crohn’s disease is a chronic disease resulting in inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Usually, Crohn’s disease disturbs the small intestine as well as the starting portion of the large intestine, but it can also disturb any part of the gastrointestinal tract ranging from the mouth to the anus. Most commonly, the disease starts with less severity but with the passage of time, it becomes more serious. People in the age range of 20 to 29 years have more chances of developing the disease. Nearly 25% of new cases of Crohn’s disease are found ...

Cancer diagnosis

Cancer is diagnosed by an expert by critically examining the tissue or the cell samples through a microscope. It can also be done by carrying out tests on cells of the DNA, RNA and proteins (Schwarzenböck et al., 2012). Physical assessment of the patient and family medical history are also essential during diagnosis. Furthermore, a doctor will have to carry out an imaging procedure of some body parts. These imaging procedures can be approached in several ways such as CT scan, nuclear scan, MRI, Ultrasound, X-rays, and PET scan. X-rays uses low doses of radiation to generate pictures ...

Diabetes mellitus in itself is considered an endocrine issue. When determining the priority diagnoses for an admitted patient, however, it is important to consider taking an all-encompassing perspective with regards to the pathophysiology of each patient and address each issue accordingly. The priorities in the selected aggregate for diabetes mellitus are as follows:
Firstly, there is the situation of unbalanced nutrition often evidenced by increased urinary output (or dilute urine), recent weight loss and a decrease in muscle tone, disinterest in eating, diarrhea and an increase in ketosis. Some of the pathophysiological factors that may have led up to ...

Neurological and/or neurovascular components of the major types of headaches

Introduction

Headaches are classified as one of the most renowned neurological complaints. At some point in life, most people experience headaches, and the World Health Organization (WHO) consider the phenomenon as the most disabling condition because of the harmful effects on the quality of life. According to Winn (2011), headache is a common physical manifestation of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and either produce either new primary symptoms or worsen pre-existing symptoms in patients with a prior headache history. The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) provides a clinical criterion that categorizes headaches into ...

There are various methods that a therapist can use to help clients overcome compulsive habits such as smoking. Operant and aversive conditioning are some of the major approaches used. The following shows the steps and actions that a therapist can use. The primary assumption is that the client cooperates throughout the process.
B.F. Skinner argued that pairing actions with appropriate reinforces would lead to the change of behavior (McLeod, 2015). The reinforcement can either be positive, neutral or negative. In this case, the therapist can wrap the cigarettes in packages that have explicit images of the effects of smoking to ...

Antifungal Medications

In dentistry and oral care medicine, antifungal medications are prescribed less compared to conventional analgesic or antibiotics. However, it is mandatory that a clinician or dentist is familiar with common antifungal indications and medications available in the market. Antifungals are used to treat oral candidiasis. Oral candidiasis is known to cause complex oral health problems. Oral and pharyngeal candidiasis is caused by the primary fungal organism Candida albicans. Oral candidiasis is listed as an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Due to imbalances in the oral flora, patients using oral antibiotics could develop case of ...

In the article Why I Hate 3D Movies by Roger Ebert, it is clear that the author does not like the advent of 3D movies. Egbert argues that 3D is a waste of dimensions. Perhaps he does not realize the fact that this is a technological advancement that takes the movie industry to a new level. The reasoning that he presents throughout the paper leaves a lot to be desired simply because he does not use his perceived evidence for his arguments well. Besides this, Ebert passes off as a bitter person who intends to dissuade movie lovers, and 3D lovers from their liking ...

Part A

How Enzymes Act As Protein Catalysts in Biochemical Processes
Catalysis refers to the speeding up of a chemical reaction by a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction but does not undergo a permanent chemical change in the process. Enzymes are catalysts whose building blocks are amino acids: they are proteins. Enzymes also exhibit a defined three-dimensional structure. In addition, they have a cleft on their surface called active site. The active site is the region where substrate interactions take place. Enzymes play important roles in fructose metabolism. The first step of fructose metabolism in the liver is the phosphorylation of ...

Drug addiction is a major public health issue in the United States, which affects the lives of several individuals across all races and ethnic groups. The abuse of drugs in various forms takes a tremendous toll on the society, which includes health care expenditures, lost earnings and costs associated with crime and accidents. With the virtually available unlimited sources, illegal drugs are readily available to the people. The United States is the biggest market of illegal drugs in the world, which makes huge profits through organized criminal groups, gangs and terrorists. Criminal investigations through conventional investigative techniques play a major role in ...

It is a widely debated topic, whether marijuana should be legalized or not. The supporters of it consider that medical benefits of marijuana makes it important to legalize marijuana and that it will bring greater good to the society. We will discuss the medical purposes of marijuana and give evidence for why supporters advocate legalization.

Advantages of marijuana in medical purposes

In United States of America, 23 out of 50 states and DC has legalized the use of marijuana for medical purposes. The proponents of use of marijuana for medical purposes argue that it is a safe and effective treatment for diseases such as AIDS, cancer, pain, ...

Heart failure is mostly described as a chronicle disease where the heart is unable to pump the blood sufficiently to the body, with other terms like congestive cardiac failure often been used interchangeably. Some of the symptoms are leg swelling, excessive tiredness and breath shortness. Breath shortage is mostly the worse since lying down and sleeping at night is difficult. Most of the common causes that lead to heart failure are blood pressure, atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease. These causes lead to failure in functioning of the heart structure mainly due to left ventricular and fain normal ejection fraction. ...

About five years ago, I had an unpleasant experience while driving with my friends. We got in a car and drove all over the city. At one point, while I was sitting in the back seat, a friend who was driving caused an accident. Fortunately, nobody was injured. However, I got very scared and couldn’t calm down for a while. Soon after that a friend offered to drive me home and I had to sit in the back. When I entered the car, I felt enormous fear. This can be explained by classical conditioning. In fact, this is a special type of classical ...

Bacillus cereus is an endemic Gram-positive bacterium that dwells in the soil. It is rod-shaped, beta hemolytic, as well as a motile. A number of its strains are detrimental to human beings and lead to food borne diseases. Other strains can be helpful as probiotics for animals1. Bacillus cereus causes of fried rice syndrome, since the bacteria are characteristically contracted from fried rice, which has been left for many hours at room temperature2. B. cereus bacteria are facultative anaerobes and can secrete protective endospores just as other genus Bacillus members. Its virulence factors are phospholipase C, as well as cereolysin.
...

Reflection: Assessment and Nursing Intervention on the Transition

[Institution Title]

Introduction

Transitioning from the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) to a regular medicine ward is not a breezy task especially among nurses who are initiating the transfer and the nurse receiving the patient. There are pressing concerns that must be considered. This is especially necessary since keeping the patients to stay longer at the PACU have resulted to congestion, patient and family dissatisfaction due to limited visiting hours and surgical delays (Thomas & De Leon-Ayson, 2008). Given these concerns and the vulnerability of the patients’ condition, nurses participating in the transition of patients from PACU to the ward are confronted with a complicated ...

Exercise 1

- The columnar epithelium from the stomach resembles the columnar epithelium from the duodenum in many aspects. The columnar nature of the epithelium in both instances serves for increased protection of the underlying organs and organelles. The simple columnar epithelia found in the stomach and duodenum also contains the largest cytoplasmic volumes in comparison to all the other epithelia, housing organelle density and energy reserves suitable in the engagement of the most complex of secretory and absorption functions. The duodenum epithelia however, posses an extra microvillus which aids in increasing the surface area for absorption. The epithelia in the ...

Psychology

Description of Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
Classical and operant conditioning are two learning theories extensively studied in psychology. Classical conditioning involves a response to a certain stimulus. Reflexive responses are brought under control of stimulus actions that usually herald the response (Klein & Mowrer, 2009). A certain event provokes a response.
A once neutral stimulus is matched with an unconditioned stimulus. In classical conditioning, learning occurs through interactions with the environment and the environment shapes behavior thus feelings, thoughts, and emotions are assumed irrelevant in explaining a particular behavior. On the other hand, operant conditioning is learning that occurs when an ...

Rhetorical analysis on cannabis in cancer reatment

Cannabis in cancer treatment
Effectiveness of cannabis as a treatment of cancer as well its legalization has been in the focus of attention of international society for some time. While the United States, the Netherlands and a number of other countries have gathered through empirical studies significant evidence of the positive effect of marijuana as cancer treatment, new international players, such as Uruguai emerge on international arena as supporters of legalization of cannabis circulation on internal market as the way to take control over its usage and benefits for human health. At the same time, Asian countries have been using ...

Vasovagal syncope is a condition that results in fainting mostly experienced by healthy people. The condition would be due to a fainting spell or response to an unpleasant trigger. It tends to occur when the heart rate or blood pressure reduce significantly. The low blood pressure could be due to a body reaction to a certain trigger such as the sight of blood or other extreme emotional distress. The Low blood pressure leads to reduced blood flow to the brain and subsequently ends in a brief loss of consciousness. The loss of consciousness attributable to the lack of blood flow is preceded by loss ...

Legalising marijuana has been one of the most controversial debates in United States of America. Despite eliciting varying reactions for different quarters, the issues have also raised both legal and health concerns. Some individuals are greatly opposed to the ideas of legalising this substance in one of the highly civilised society in the world while some groups and individuals support the legalisation of marijuana in the country (Iversen 27). Presently, various states in America have legalised marijuana especially in higher learning institutions. In references to the pressure that have been put on the government by individuals who supports the ...

Background.

Gastrointestinal tract is a series of organs starting at the mouth and ending in the anus. The movement of various muscles in GI tract and release of enzymes and acid in the stomach initiate digestion of food. The upper GI tract is made up of the organs mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and duodenum1.
Gastroesophageal reflux is the process of backing up or refluxing of the stomach content to the esophagus or mouth. It is a normal developmental process observed in many healthy infants. Most episodes of GER are asymptomatic, though occasional spit up is observed in GER in infants. ...

The War on Drugs has been fought for the past several decades in the United States – billions of dollars have been spent fighting the flow of illegal drugs into America, seemingly to no avail. Millions of Americans use illegal drugs (marijuana, cocaine, heroin) regularly, and even the most well-organized and efficient anti-drug efforts seem to do little against this. With that in mind, it is time to reevaluate the moral and philosophical objections to drugs in the US; philosophers such as Milton Friedman would argue that it is best to decriminalize drugs and make them legal. On the other ...

Major depression is another term for clinical depression and is characterized by mood changes. It is a serious mental disorder that may be a single episode or a chronic condition affecting the lifestyle of the individual by taking away his interest in pleasurable activities. People who suffer from this condition have a sense of hopelessness and despair. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, about 6.7% of the U.S. population aged over 18 are affected by major depression and approximately 20% to 25% of adults may have suffered an episode of major depression in their lifetime .
Three types of causes have ...

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the organ systems that were studies previously in class and determine the common disease connected with one of the following systems: integument system, skeletal system, digestive system, and urinary system of the human. I have chosen the digestive system due to the fact it unites a set of vital organs. With the malfunction of at least one of them the whole body will be influenced by the consequences. The organ which was chosen to be studied is stomach. The first part of the case study includes the brief analysis of the preferred ...

The legalization of marijuana has been a very controversial case for decades, with strong arguments on either side. For most of the 20th century and beyond, it has been illegal in the United States and other countries, turning its sale and usage into a vast underground market that has gone untapped by any professional outlet. Some say that it is a harmful, addictive drug that leads to health detriments down the line for those who use it. However, there are others who claim that it is perfectly safe, not addictive, and could be an incredible source of income for a legitimate economy. The legalization ...

The Federal Controlled Substances Act, 1970 classifies Cannabis Sativa under schedule one substance. The latter refers to substances or compounds that are not acceptable for medicinal value. The Federal Controlled Substances Act provides that the intake of cannabis has several negative consequences to the human body. The intake of cannabis leads to loss of memory among the substance users; smokers tend to have temporary memories or short term memories or tend to forget minor chores in their daily schedules. The users lack coordination, proper judgment abilities, and result to being non-decision makers from the dullness and slowness of the ...

In recent times, the debate whether the medical use of marijuana is ethical has been an ongoing debate. This essay aims at discussing why marijuana should be used for medical purposes. All the benefits have been discussed. The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified marijuana as a class 1 drug (Greene, 2006). However, because of the drug being used continuously despite being banned, some states decided to regulate marijuana. They accomplished this by requiring that all marijuana usage be prescribed by a doctor. This meant that using marijuana for recreational purposes would be illegal. The District of Columbia was the first ...