Essays on Embryo

The purpose of this paper is to review the article, “Was Darwin Wrong?”, by David Quammen (2004) and to offer some discussion at the end of the paper. The main thrust of the Quammen’s article is to provide a description of the current and past evidence that supports Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection. With a few exceptions, the title of the article is answered with a firm “no, Darwin was right.” Quammen first began with a discussion of the concept of theory and explained that a theory is an explanation for a set of circumstances ...

The concepts presented in the film, Gattaca are not entirely fictional. Advances in science and technology have presented some exceptional cures and treatments for the human species. There are numerous discoveries and inventions that have made the quality of one’s life better than what was once possible. However, along with the numerous phenomenal breakthroughs in medicine, there are also some developments that come into question as unethical. The premise of the movie was structured around genetic engineering of embryos’ to be designed into the perfect human based on the requests of the parents-to-be. The main character Vincent was ...

Synthetic biology is the latest trend that integrates biology with engineering. It deals with the making of biological molecules or systems that does not natural in the biological world. These molecules or system that are constructed, help to complement natural biological systems and help in performing particular biological task (Khalil and Collins 367-379). A simple example of synthetic biology would be manipulation of bacteria through recombinant technologies to produce recombinant protein. A vast number of applications are possible with synthetic biology. With the advancement that are currently happening in the area of bioinformatics, it is possible to reprogram human ...

Turner syndrome is a typical example of a chromosome abnormality caused by the mutation of the chromosomal DNA complex. It is caused by the missing of one sex chromosome in the body. It is presented when the sexual gene orientation of a lady’s chromosome are not complete and lack some genes (Rosenfeld et al. 23). It is caused during the sexual intercourse when a pair of chromosomes fails to separate hence leading to the formation of an embryo with only one X-chromosome. In the embryo formation during copulation, both the parents give out X-chromosomes leading to XX-chromosomes but ...

A child born with ambivalent genitalia are typically given surgery and assigned one particular gender. the intention is to save “the child from future mental suffering” . Why is it that there are two genders when there are children born of both gender? Why is alteration of the child the only solution? Feminist have one answer to this question. Biomedical ethics emphasize universal principles that tend to disregard particulars, especially in regards to gender, that are at all times morally relevant. The implications on women emerged most prominently with medicalization . From providing an embryo with choice to carelessly selecting the ...

What are the female reproductive parts of the angiosperm flower?

The female reproductive parts of a flower include the stigma, the ovary, and the style. Their collective name is normally referred to as carpel. a flower may be composed of one or several pistils. For reproduction to occur, all these parts play an important role. The stigma is the female part of a flower that receives pollen grains. It normally has a sticky surface to enable pollen grain to stick and germinate on it. There are several shapes of the stigma. The different shapes enable them to be well adapted to their role in reproduction. Some of the shapes ...

The article at hand discussed the effectiveness and benefits of usage of MR Imaging in the case of Alzheimer Disease. The study took place in a mouse model, however it claims for being equally effective in the treatment of people who suffer from this disease. The main purpose of the study was to determine whether MR targeted to the hippocampus is helpful in identifying and monitoring Alzheimer Disease. It is also aimed at seeking ways to achieve improvement in pathologic brain abnormalities and behavior that can possibly prevent prompt development of disease. The choice of the method that was ...

Trisomy

Chromosomes are marvelous things! They carry in their genes the entire genetic code required to build a human being. Comprised of nucleic acid (DNA) and proteins, twenty-three pairs of chromosomes located in the cell nucleus are needed for the normal development of a human embryo. However, sometimes things go wrong. This paper will discuss some of the consequences of faulty chromosome separation during fertilization, resulting in Trisomy. Trisomy is a chromosomal condition which occurs when three chromosomes, instead of the normal two are produced during cell division. This happens due to the failure of human chromosome pairs to separate ...

This research is about radiation exposure to pregnant females. Pregnant females are often exposed to radiation from medical equipment such as X-Ray machines, security scanners, hazards from nuclear facilities, and other equipment in the workplace. There has been raising concerns as to whether radiation has any impact on pregnant females. While some argue radiation is harmful, some people believe radiation has no impact. This paper will review evidence gathered from previous investigations. The paper will discuss radiation and its impacts on the pregnant females. The paper will conclude with a summary of the findings. Radiation can be classified as ...

1. A brief summary of the article: The article “Scientists attempting to harvest human organs in pigs create human-pig embryo” discusses the advances made by researchers that were attempting to utilize genetic manipulation of pig embryos in order to grow parts for people who need them. The research was undertaken in the hopes of providing donors with organs who are unable to get them otherwise. By combining human stem cells with pig DNA the researchers were able to demonstrate that this is indeed possible (Nicola and Rawlinson). The advance of gene editing is considered within the article as an ...

ANSWER TO QUESTION 1

Introduction Biotechnology is an innovative field where biological processes are applied for the provision of genetic manipulation for microorganisms for the production and commercialisation of antibiotics and hormones amongst others. Biotechnology is a process whereby scientists use various aspects of technology to modify genes and microorganisms of living things in order to attain specific goals in the organism in which it is done. The preliminary elements of this course has shown that biotechnology is carried out in both applied and pure research. In applied research, biotechnology is used for the provision of various solutions like medicines, treatment for incurable ...

Introduction

Down syndrome is an atypical chromosomal condition. The main cause of this abnormal condition is Trisomy-21, a genetic error, where every cell in the individual’s body consists of three chromosome 21 facsimiles. The presence of additional chromosome 21 replicas results in the individual’s abnormal physical development and the related cerebral disability resulting in leukemia, cardiac issues, and distinguishing physical characteristics (Lana-Elola, Watson-Scales, Fisher, & Tybulewicz, 2011). Although, it is not possible to cure Down syndrome, the availability of various treatment options make it possible for the parents and healthcare providers to handle the patient with effectiveness.

Etiology and Risk Factors

In general, ...

Cloning is the process that a cell or an organism is produced asexually; meaning that no sex is involved in their formation and the product is identical to a specific ancestor. Animal cells are cloned simply because they can be produced from one fertilized cell and they are also genetically identical. In simpler terms, cloning is the process of producing many duplicate cells of an organism. In some cases, cloning is a natural process shown bacteria which are single celled, as well as identical twins in human beings and mammals. The process is also made possible to the animals ...

Frozen embryos versus fresh embryos in IVF

An article published in ScienceDaily.com (September 10, 2015) described the latest finding regarding the frozen human embryos used in IVF. The source of this article information was a research content provided by University of New South Wales that claimed the use of frozen and thawed embryos in IVF cycles delivered the similar rate of success as shown by fresh embryo transfer and implantation. The article also cited the information from the main report that exhibited success stats for frozen embryos had been 39% in 2009 that promoted to 45% in 2013. Another article published on ScienceDaily.com stated that the ...

Reflective Journal Template – Topic Reflection

There are different ethical issues that ought to be followed when dealing with both animals and humans. It’s important to note that during research the researcher should ensure that no harm befalls the participants. Human beings should be treated with care and animals too and it should be noted that no intentional harm should befall them. Some Philosophers argue that it is wrong to involve animals in such experiments for human gain because this means using them as a means to attain a goal which goes hand in hand with the views Kantianism. However, several researches using animals ...

This is a process of harvesting cells that are already fertilized from the embryo of a human being. Undertaking this process denies the embryo a chance to develop (Zeinoaldini et al., 2013). These harvested stem cells have the potential to develop into cells that are specialized that can result in a variety of other tissues and organs. This is the reason as to why it has attracted the attention of many researchers and healthcare professionals. Embryo harvesting has raised a lot of ethical dilemmas since there are those people who are opposed to abortion, and there are those individuals ...

Eugenics entails how sexual reproduction can be restructured. Positive eugenics entails the restructuring of sexual reproduction to enhance sexual reproduction of persons with preferred traits. Alteration of sexual reproduction to reduce the sexual reproduction of persons with negative traits is negative eugenics. Deductively, the case in case study one is a case of negative eugenics because it entails the modification of sexual reproduction to promote the sexual reproduction of a child who is free from Huntington’s Disease, which is an undesirable trait. It would be acceptable for the married couple in case study one to select the sex ...

(Teacher)

When I first sat down to write about this topic, I started the research. I found stories that show scientist who want to grow embryos past the current 14-day limit, in a lab. I also found a story about the Death with Dignity act. Both are on opposite ends of the life cycle and both are ethical issues. Both topics have lessons to learn through listening to the stories of others. The embryo issue is something that parents of children with disabilities could benefit from, because the research could help them understand how their child was born with ...

Embryo harvesting also known as in vitro fertilization is a process in which the sperm of a man or male and the egg of the female are fertilized outside the body and then implanted into the womb of a woman in a bid to induce pregnancy (Gaines, 2015). While from a descriptive process it seems to be a straight forward process, there are many complications and medical procedures that are utilized to actualize the results such as the hormone therapy that the woman receiving the embryo has to undergo prior to the actual process. The ethical and moral issues ...

The recent developments in technological advancements and scientific breakthroughs have presented modern ways of creating new things and doing things. One such development relates to the introduction of technology-based medical procedures, which have made it possible to achieve feats that yesteryear medical scientists could only dream about. The field of medicine has shown tremendous improvement as a result of the incorporation of new technological meth-ods into the field of medicine. Genetic engineering procedures have become common not only in the creation of medicines and vaccines but also in disease management before and after birth. Scientists have come up with ...

Abortion (from the Latin abortus - miscarriage) - is an artificial pregnancy interruption. In general, it is a removal of the fetus from the uterus carried out by under the age of 22 weeks from conception of fetus. The operation is usually carried out in an instrumental or medical way. Every year about 46 million abortions are held in the world. This operation is permitted in 54 countries, which account for 61% of the world's population (Brown, 2014). The question of banning or permitting abortion is being discussed in the media constantly. However, it is necessary to realize that ...

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Introduction

Genome imprinting is the latest technique that has genetically modified the face of infertility; it is an epigenetic phenomenon through which the parental origin of a gene is determined based on its expression. 1 There are a vast number of genes in mammals that are marked with their parental origin, and the result of this phenomenon is a single parental allele. These marked genes are known as “imprinted.” They rely on the epigenetic machinery determining their parental identity and maintaining their origin-specific gene expression. There are 100 imprinted genes estimated in human and 200 ...

Differentiating stem cells into type II Pneumocytes

Type II Pneumocytes is also referred to as type II alveolar (ATII) cells. It is responsible for the production of the surfactant molecule that helps maintain the elasticity of the lungs and reduce the surface tension of the pulmonary fluids. These cells can be derived from murine Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) to promote lung regeneration and repair in case of an injury. The cell engineering can also help treat lung diseases. According to Polak et al. (2006), previous experiments for obtaining ATII from ESCs had yielded low cell yield. This led to the development of an elaborate three-step-strategy that ...

Introduction

The cloning is one of the contemporary controversial topics. The development in this area has been made through the history and there are various positive and also negative effects connected with it. Public opinion is not crystallized on the cloning topic where some are in favor and others against. The paper will provide information that cloning can have both negative and positive impacts, and that the knowledge in the public about the issue is insufficient which results in negative attitudes towards it. The thesis of the paper is that despite its therapeutic uses, cloning for the purpose of reproduction ...

Abortion and Rights

The article on abortion and rights by Sheila Grant discusses the bias of women rights to freedom, liberty and privacy versus the rights of foetus’ continued existence. She begins the article by questioning the need for human rights and asserts that human rights only exist in democratic societies. The author argues that such societies have been built on biblical assumptions in which people are considered to be God’s children and should, therefore, be protected by defined rights. However, this definition of God’s children excludes the unborn who in the matter of abortion are considered nothing more than ...

Is this an appropriate reason to become pregnant?

Advance in technology can often raise issues regarding their application in everyday life. There are various moral considerations that arise in association with the ability to choose specific features of children when they are born. The advent of in vitro fertilization (IVF) has given parents the opportunity to decide specific characteristics of their children at an early stage. The underlying issue of the case is whether or not they should have a child that is matched with their sick child's tissue type so that they can obtain a transplant. While this would be of great medical benefit it presents ...

Background about the development of a bird

The development of a bird from an egg is the complex and speedy process which takes 21 days from the moment the embryo forms. The developments are facilitated by among other factors the presence of pores (about 7,000 of them) on the egg's surface. The pores allow transfer of gasses (oxygen diffuses in while carbon dioxide and water vapor diffuse out) through the shell (Gilbert). Before the egg is laid, it is fertilized; the living cells divide and grow wile segregating into groups. During incubation, the first sign of an embryo appears at 13 to 16 hours after ...

The subject of abortion has elicited divergent views among philosophers as to the validity of having an abortion. Abortion is seen as a matter of philosophical beliefs as several arguments, and counter arguments have been brought forth to support and condemn abortion. Religion partakes to the issue through rational thinking while philosophy arguments are based on the support of the philosophical thinkers through theories. Moral tolerability of taking a fetus’ life is the fundamental standpoint through which arguments and counter arguments revolve. In my opinion, abortion is tantamount to murder, and I am of the firm belief that abortion ...

Gene Editing Techniques

1. Gene Editing – General Background Gene editing entails inserting, deleting and replace the DNA in a genome of an organism utilizing engineered nucleases. Sections of the natural gene are replaced and completed using a synthetic DNA chain. Also, the natural repair process gets rid of the mismatches and gaps in the DNA. On the other hand, gene disruption is a technique by which the DNA fragment is utilized to replace a genome sequence with a chosen marker gene like the kanavanine resistance. DNA –binding proteins are proteins that consist of DNA-binding domains and hence have affinity for single and ...

1. All cells contain DNA which is found as chromosomes which are part of the genetic material that is called the “Genome” of that organism. (Points : 5)

True

False 2. The ancient fish, Coelocanth is a fossil that still lives today all over the world. (Points : 5) True

False

3. ZPA is an enzyme that promotes cell division. (Points : 5) True False 4. When a limb bud of an embryo is transplanted to another part of the embryo a tail will be formed. (Points : 5) True False 5. Igneous rocks are the best kind of rocks to ...

Ans1: Growth is defined as the increase in size and mass of a particular organism over a period of time. It is measured in terms of biomass (mass of the organic material). An organism grows by mitosis. Growth stops after certain age of the organism. Growth is quantitative and measured by taking the measurement of height, weight, size and shape of body organs like brain, etc . Development is defined as the process of cells differentiation which helps in the development of the body. It adds complexities to the body (such as organ development). Development of the organism is a ...

Embryonic stem cells are produced from embryos, human or other animal embryos

.most of such cells have developed from embryos that develop from eggs which have been fertilized in vitro fertilization clinics. Such embryos have been donated for the purpose of research with the informed consent of the donors, and they are certainly not developed from eggs fertilised in a woman’s body. (Bethesda, 2015)

At the outset it has to be accepted that the embryonic stem cell research is a modern

day scientific marvel which can change the ways the various presently day incurable human ailments, are treated in the future. Diseases like cancer, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, premature aging, stunted growth may altogether be eliminated in the distant future.

Moral and Ethical issues of Stem cell Research

However, there are moral and ethical issues ...

Executive Summary

The objective was to compare effects of GnRH antagonist and standard long protocol agonist on number, and the quality of Metaphase II oocytes, and on reducing risk of hyperstimulation, in patients who are affected by Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common endocrinopathy of the women who are in reproductive age, which is a first cause of the anovulation. GnRH agonists are used in the IVF to avoid premature LH surge before the retrieval of oocyte. Research findings from this study can be significant to various Centers for Reproductive Medicine, and also to all the institutions that practice ART. ...

John Tierney’s article, which was published in New York Times, expounds on cloning of human embryo and its acceptability in different parts of the world with a focus on Europe and Asia. The controversy arising in this regard is whether cloning of the human embryo is morally acceptable or whether its acceptance is an affront to the supremacy of God. Arguments for and against cloning fall into two domains: the religious perspective and the scientific perspective. Some religious factions generally argue that cloning of the human embryo is immoral and is akin to competing with God in the ability ...

The article ‘Procreative Beneficence: Why we should select the best children’ by Julian Savulescu emphasizes on why couples should choose the best offspring that they could possibly have and also expect the child to have the best life with the available and relevant information. Determining the genes of your child from non-disease states is imperative since you can use the information that is readily available to bring out the best possible outcomes (Savulescu 417). There are quite a number of reproductive technologies that allow the parents to measure the selection of the types of offsprings that they will possibly have. ...

Natural selection can be referred to as a process through which biological traits turn either more or less common within a population as a function of the impact of hereditary traits on the differential reproductive victory of organisms’ interaction with their surroundings. It is a major evolution mechanism. Charles Darwin popularized the term natural selection with an intention to have it compared with artificial selection, now referred to as selective breeding.

There exists variation within every organism’s populations. This takes place partly since random mutations happen in the genome of an organism, and these mutations can be acquired by offspring. All ...

The chicken limb (wings) develops and buds out from the lateral plate mesoderm at typical locations along the sides of the embryo. These limbs grow with regional specification that includes distinct anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral pattern. The limb buds out because of the interaction between the mesenchyme and apical ectodermal ridge (AER). The signals sent from the AER maintain the progress zone in the mesenchymal layer. The progress zone has cell in highly proliferative and undifferentiated state. This knowledge can be used to produce higher number of chicken wings from fewer chickens.

There are certain compounds that are known to ...

I am responding to an article dated 16th December, 2013 posted on Articlesbase under the caption health medical tourism written by Sanjaygupta. It is entitled ‘Go Surrogacy India a place to where dreams come true.’ The author’s argument advances that the options offered for surrogacy in Indian are phenomenal because the process is 100% successful; far less expensive than when conducted in United States of America and other developed countries; laws are more parent-friendly; quality of treatment is internationally compatible and surrogates are easier to find (Sanjaygupta, 2013). This is definitely commendable, but the article while discussing the ...

What is Down syndrome?

Down syndrome also known as Trisomy 21 is a chromosomal condition where a person possesses extra genetic material that is: an extra complete or fractional duplicate of chromosome 21. It is one of the most common birth defects. It affects 1 in 800 to 1 in 1000 live born infants. Close to half of all affected children develop heart defects right from birth (Goldstein 71).

Causes

Down syndrome is typically caused by non-disjunction; when one of the three types of abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 occurs. Non-disjunction occurs when a pair of chromosomes fails to detach during sperm or egg formation. After ...

- Sperms are normally produced in the seminiferous tubes. After production sperms are stored in the epididymis where they get to mature. During ejaculation sperms travel from the epididymis along tubes known as the vas deferens. When sperms pass by the seminal vesicle and the prostate fluids get added to the sperms. The sperms then pass by the Cowper’s gland where even more fluids are added. The semen then reaches the urethra through which it exists the human body as semen. The fluids added to the semen are very necessary because they ensure travel of the sperms. They ...

In 2003, scientists completed the mapping of the entire human genome. Understanding a human’s genetic makeup allows for all sorts of possibilities, like the cure for diseases. The first use of IVF treatment in 1978, allowed for the prescreening for certain diseases. For example, nowadays the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allows for the detection of cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease, and hemophilia A. This is only the beginning; soon enough parents will be able to pick specific traits that they want passed down. One method of doing this is called germline gene therapy.

This means manipulating ...

INTRODUCTION:

The stem cell research has been debated ever since the birth of it. However, the categorization of the stem cell research has been defined in a wrong manner. Moreover, the media is sensationalizing the topic. This has resulted in a wrong notion that all stem cell research is unethical. This is a wrong notion of the research because there are two types of stem cell research. The adult stem cell research is ethical than the embryonic stem cell research. Adult stem cell research refers to the usage of matured cells from mature adult human being without killing the host. On the ...

Analysis of the Debating Surrounding Abortion as a Part of the Cultural Politics of Reproduction

Introduction Every society has its own beliefs regarding the pre-established notions regarding the birth, life cycle and death of individuals. However, external influences often sway relative changes that have the potential of making drastic changes. A similar external force is the political set up of a country, which generally tends to alter the socially established norms of birth control. A desired cultural influence on the society can be easily done by manipulating the accessible birth patterns and by controlling the birth mortality rates. Various government agencies in both, developing and developed countries, have been testified to work over this ...

Introduction:

Stem Cell Research has been one of the most controversial breakthroughs of science since the late 1990’s. The extraction of the human embryonic cell on that decade has made various responses in the medical field. This has opened many doors for many scientists that are highly interested in regenerative medicine. Additionally, this has also opened new debates about the ethics of the process of harvesting stem cells. There are two types of stem cell research. The first one is known as the embryonic stem cell research. The second one is named as the adult stem cell research (Shapiro, ...

Infant Possibilities

Advancement in genetics and reproductive technologies have today allowed the doctors and parents to screen in vitro fertilized embryos for genetic diseases and select the healthiest of them all. The article, Infant Possibilities by Moyer, puts forth the possibilities of future babies with several glimpses of the works done by doctors and scientists to save the neonates from disorders possibly caused due to single gene mutations. Scientists have got the success in analysing genomes of the babies or new born ones so that specialists can search for all the potential genetic causes of diseases affecting neonates and that too ...

Human embryo stem cell research is an emerging field in medical science which has raised serious ethical issues. It is still a matter of debate whether or not this technique should be employed for the research purpose and what would be the end result of the embryo. Since the research process has advanced a lot, the prime focus at the present time is not to decide whether or not it should be done but to determine ways to maintain the privacy. The government looked into the matter of human stem cell research because those derived from animal sources had potential ...

Exercise 1: Investigation of the Testes and Ovary

- Why are the testes located outside of the body in the scrotum? The testes work best at temperature lower than the body temperatures. Therefore, process of spermatogenesis takes place optimally at temperatures slightly less than that of the body and hence the testes are located outside in the scrotum. - What process occurs in the seminiferous tubules? The seminiferous tubules form the site for germination, maturation, and transportation of the sperm cells within the testes of the male animals. The processes are called spermatogenesis. The process of meiosis takes place within the seminiferous tubules. The ...

Social attitude to abortion is primarily defined by moral norms and traditions of society, living conditions. In recent decades, abortion has become one of the most intensely and diversely debated issues of the moral theory. Defenders of abortion rights and their opponents do not agree among themselves even in the terminology of the dispute. Opponents argue that the problem here is the following: whether or not the embryos should not be killed, like other human beings. Advocates believe the central question here is whether it is possible to force a woman to bear an unwanted fetus even at the cost ...

If eating a boiled duck egg with developed embryo in it is considered taboo for an American, the same cannot be said for the people in the Philippines, as the consumption of boiled duck embryo is considerably a unique piece of its food culture and history. Americans should not always think of themselves, as an epitome of cultural and social correctness and consider the uniqueness of the rest of the people in the world as disgustingly different. This is because the world and its nations of various cultures were not founded from the same political and social principle of hegemony as ...

- The stromal cells that are found in the developing gonads of tetrapods begin from the medulla from the peritoneal wall and the cortex from inter-renal blastema or mesonephric. Hence the gonads have a dual origin. - Spermatogenesis occurs in a syncytial complex because it involves the formation of sperm from undifferentiated cells that are first attached to rachis. Syncytial cell complex or syncytium result when cells with single nuclei fuse to for a cell with nucleus. Syncytial cell complex is vital in oogenesis in that it assists in the differentiation of cells. One other developmental model is vitellogenesis. - ...

In the recent case brought up on appeal, U.S.A. vs Regenerative Sciences LLC, the Appellate Court re-examined the issue of whether federal laws regulating the manufacture and labeling of drugs and biological products were violated by a company that produced a mixture of stem cells and antibiotic doxycycline. In an earlier ruling, the District Court held that Regenerative Sciences LLC did violate these laws, and the Appellate Court affirmed the lower court’s judgment. This case received a lot of publicity due to the ethical issues surrounding stem cell research and resulting impacts to stakeholders affected by the outcome. The case presents ...

Introduction

For a long time now, the debate in the moral status of abortion has been raging. Anti-abortionists and pro-choicers have held and argued for different premises, each armed with relevant moral principles to collaborate their positions. The moral principles that have been used to advance these arguments among others include the principle that only persons hold the right to life and the principle that it is immoral to end the life of a human being. Other arguments towards the moral status of abortion are influenced by religious dogma. The common ground for many anti-abortionist arguments is that it is immoral to ...

Abortion ideally refers to the medical procedures of terminating a pregnancy that result to the death of the embryo or fetus. It can also be defined as the spontaneous removal or expulsion of a fetus during its first twelve weeks of gestation. Abortions together with the related issues that are associated with abortion have been the center of discussions in various forums, in the United States. These forums range from political debates to those that have a religious inclination. 30 states in the United States already enacted legislation that prohibited abortion and its related issues. However, there were instances that were allowed ...

The Process of Spermatogenesis in the Male Testis

Spermatogenesis is an intricate process that involves mitotic cell division, meiosis, and its process. The regulation of spermatogenesis involves the endocrine and the paracrine mechanisms. The spermatogenesis endocrine stimulation involves the follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) and the luteinizing hormone. The luteinizing hormone acts through the intermediary testosterone that is produced by the leydig cells in the testis. A male fertility requires the production by the testis with large number of normal spermatozoa by spermatogenesis process. There are three major steps subdivided in the process; the mitosis, meiosis, and the transformation of the round spermatid. The multiplication of spermatogonia is ...

Abortion Under this neutral, it would seem, short word, there is hiding the real human tragedy, crime, and simply put, murder. Yes, it is a murder indeed, an attempt on the life of a small, completely innocent person. Whatever attempts to justify this act: financial situation, the circumstances, etc., they still do not remove responsibility for infanticide. After all, every person, since he/she is conceived, has the right to be born, to develop and to live. Doctors often suspend from a crime under the guise of cold terms, calling the baby just an embryo. In fact, in this way they are ...

Abortion involves elimination of foetus from the uterus of the mother, right before it becomes viable. Strictly speaking, abortion means putting an end to pregnancy. In some cases miscarriage can also occur, which is also known as spontaneous abortion. People (parents) go for abortion when they do not want a baby and/or have it if both of them are willing to. In many cases a mother wants to have a baby and the father does not and vice-versa. In this controversial case who is an authoritative to make the decision. Should it be the mother who actually carries the baby or the ...

Introduction Embryonic scientific research offers optimism for innovative therapies, but their research has always been debated. Various countries regulate such research in different ways as the subject still carries a divided opinion. What makes the topic of use of embryos so tricky to resolve, and is it so tough to resolve the issues? The research use of human embryos is currently a high ethical and political agenda in many countries. Despite the possible benefit of the research, their use is contentious because they are derived from early embryos. In this essay, some of the ethical issues surrounding the use of human ...

Description

Cloning is the production of genetically identical plants or animals either a whole or in parts. Therapeutic cloning otherwise known as research cloning or somatic cell nuclear transfer, involves replacement of an embryo DNA with the DNA from a cell removed from an individual, in other words, a somatic cell is fused with an enucleated ovum. The resultant embryo would be allowed to grow for two weeks to form a blastocyst. Then, the stem cells from its inner cell mass would be extracted to grow into a piece of human tissue or a complete human organ ready for transplant. Its DNA is the same as ...

Assisted reproduction occurs as one of the major breakthroughs to be ever achieved by humankind in the field of medical science. This is accredited to the primary fact that assisted reproduction, which entails the application of biomedical technologies promises undreamed and unquestionable benefits to human beings (Saul “The Gift of Life, and Its Price”). Even so, there is a need to note that there are a wider array of ethical concerns that arise from the application of assisted reproductive technologies. More importantly, assisted reproduction technologies are clouded by ethical concerns emanating from the destruction of embryos. With the use of ...

Genetic Research

Features genetics homosexuals have been studied little. Scientists are searching for the gene or genes of homosexuality since the 1980s. As in many other studies, trying to distinguish the symptoms of congenital acquired an important material has been obtained from the analysis and relatives, especially identical twins. It has been shown frequent presence of homosexual men several older brothers, and of manifestations of homosexuality in both identical twins, even in cases where they were brought up separately. According to the research, if identical twins homosexual men, the chances are that he will be inclined to homosexuality, is 52%; ...