Socialism Term Papers Samples For Students

<h2>Abstract</h2> <p>The paper will address the social conflict theory that was instigated by Karl Marx in the 18th century. The theory had been in place since then but has undergone various changes with the changes in the society. The paper will exploit the developmental journey of the theory and discuss what was added or subtracted from the original ideologies of the theory in modernity. Moreover, there will be an examination of how the theory came to be. For instance, Marx came up with the theory after witnessing first-hand the exploitation of the lower class. He developed the theory to explain <!--more-->the exploitation. Therefore, the paper will go into detail on such. It will also highlight the development of the Marx theory and incorporation of theories such as the feminist theories. It will examine how the social conflict theory was shapes in the modern age and the things that determine its ideals. Social theories have been backed up by empirical research, which must be addressed in this paper. The strengths and weaknesses of the identified research and those that associate with how the theory developed will also be discussed.</p> <h2>Introduction</h2> <p>Social conflict theory is a concept that argues that relationships in the society are imbalanced and exist as a way to exploit people. The theory notes that the social groups or classes that constitute the community have varying amounts of resources, leading to the classification of the poor and the rich. The theory is premised on Marxism, who preaches on the exploitation of the weak by those who are economically advantaged. Social evolution, which denotes the growth of the society and relationships in it, gave rise to social conflicts in which those relationships occur for exploitation purposes. The economically strong have achieved their status through the exploitive means because that is how they gain. An example is when an employer pays an employee less than they deserve because they want to keep a magnitude of the profits. The discussion will be about the historical foundations of the theory, its development, and empirical research done in the areas while highlighting the weaknesses and strengths in both.</p> <h2>Karl Marx Conflict Theory Essays</h2> <p>The social conflict theory has its origin, as stipulated above, in thinkers such as Karl Marx. Other scholars have refined the ideologies behind the theories over time, and include people such as Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes. Even so, Karl Marx is known as the father of the social conflict theory. It has its roots deep in the eighteenth century, when Marx noted the classification of the society into the ruling and working classes of individuals (Rossides, 1998). The two classes formed the society and were defined solely by financial well-being. Karl Marx, a German, noted the need for a revolution or reform in the society that existed in the eighteenth century. The reason is that the bourgeoisie were seen to exploit the proletariats, who mainly formed the bulk of the working class. At the time, there were many bids for the revolution of the German society where government was to be taken away from the ruling class that constituted of the wealthy. What the theorist noted is that the people had surrendered all their rights to the government that was run by the wealthy. As a result, it had all the power and controlled all the means of production. The ruling class was also in charge of the political and legal systems. In such a way, the working class was left at the mercy of the ruling class that deeply exploited it.<br /> What instigated the origin of the theory in the century was when Marx determined that the work that was done by the workers was what led to the growth of the society (Stolley, 2005). He, therefore, found it ironic that the same people that cause the society to be what it is should be exploited. The society that they create through their work establishes relationships that are materialistic in nature. The emergence and growth of society in history were divided into three parts. The parts, namely economic, political, and social structures were responsible for the formation of the society. These three aspects came about as a result of the formation of relationships in the society. In the 19th century, the theory was based on criticism of the capitalism that was witnessed in most of the countries. Capitalism was seen as a major contributing factor towards what shaped the social conflict theory. The nineteenth century was a rush by many societies to a acquire wealth. They embraced the aspect of capitalism that propelled the society into formation of classes. There was a need for people to work in the broad industrialization that has spread throughout Europe. In addition, the aspect of private ownership of land caused an exploitation of the people who did not own property. Those who were in an advantageous position controlled legal and political institutions. Socialism stopped playing any role in how wealth was distributed in the society. To maintain the way things were, the ruling class developed a legal framework that was not favorable to the working class. Those who owned the capital controlled the politics and laws that could be used to change things. After carefully analyzing the situation, Karl Marx developed the social conflict theory. He also noted that those who were in a higher economic position had the power, given through political institutions, to make the working class do as they wished. Because of such mistreatments, there were conflicts in the society that existed between the two social groups. The conflict developed in the 1920s to include the aspect of intellectual controls. It was observed that the ruling class controlled how people thought by imposing ideas on them. The intellectualism of society, therefore, was in conflict because human beings have the freedom to think, but the ruling class made decisions for them.<br /> The 1950s were a period when sociologists exploited the theory that Marx had come up with and refined it accordingly. The theory was developed from the rawness that was used by Marx into something that reflected the changes that had occurred at the time. Society is not a permanent entity and is exposed to radical changes in the social, economic, legal and political system. For instance, Max Webber introduced the emotional aspect of the theory. He stated that the theory did not just involve the struggle for dominance in social classes, but had other aspects as well. Such issues included the ruling class using religion to instigate a particular behavior on people and control their emotions. In this sense, the ruling class would have absolute control power over individuals. Even so, the nineteenth century saw a lot of revolutions from followers of Marxism in scope of the social conflict theory (Eagly, Baron, Hamilton & Kelman, 2004). The German and Russian revolutions are good examples. The revolutions sought to seek control of legal and political systems because that is when the lower class could be completely free.<br /> In the wake of the rights of women, social conflict theory developed in the 1960s to facilitate the issues of the discrimination of women (Martindale, 1960). The theory was then referred to as the feminist conflict theory. The feminists argued that women were oppressed by men, and a conflict existed between the two groups of people. It was no longer about the rich and poor only, but also about men and women. Men wanted to maintain the position that was traditionally seen as theirs while women wanted more freedom and opportunities in mainstream matters. Women believed men incapable of giving up power over them even though there had been notable changes in the rights of women. For instance, they were allowed to participate in the voting system, unlike what was the position before the Second World War. A few women had gone to school. However, women believed that their continuous discrimination in matters that were far more important was exploitation for the gain of men. Therefore, the period led to the development of the feminist conflict theory.<br /> In the wake of modernity, mainly in the 20th century, there has was an overhaul of the system that was seen in the 18th century (Sitton, 1996). The people are no longer divided into clear social classes. The social classes do exist because equality has not been attained in terms of wealth. There are those people who are rich and those who are poor. However, the lower class is not as exploited as was the case in the 18th centuries. Political institutions have become accommodative of the common man, and legal rules are made in the interest of the ordinary man. There has been the rise of labor unions that advocate the rights of workers. Even so, the social conflict theory is still applicable in some situations and varies in degree. There is a global and international conflict. The global entities that often exist control countries in what they should do or things in which they should engage. There have been arguments on the issue of sovereignty when it comes to forging of some rules. The conflict also relates to international economics where those countries that are not yet financially independent are controlled by those that have achieved financial freedom. States foster interactions between one another that are meant to give rise to good relationships. They lead to trade where those that have a higher bargaining power overlook the others that may not be very fortunate. Additionally, conflicts have existed in aspects of the interactions that exist in a modern society. The interactions are based on the individual will of the people as opposed to the collective. Class is still something that the individuals, who exercise the free will of their thoughts, exploit. There exists the conflict of individual freedoms and the collective responsibilities in the society. People do not participate in the things they are supposed to in the society because of their free will. They form interactions that are in the interest of their free will as opposed to what collective responsibility entails. Who they interact with, therefore, will be dependent upon what they want as individuals. In a way, social conflict is still active in the modern society, but has developed to incorporate the above. People have been given freedom through the laws that advocate the rights and liberties of the individual.<br /> Also, modernity brought the concept of deviance into the social conflict theory (Pankin, 1981). In this sense, it was witnessed that when it came to deviance and committal of crimes, the lower class was more associated with it as compared to the higher level in the society. The lower class is dealt with in a different way than the privileged. The scenario is applicable to both white and blue collar crimes. The punishment in the society is not the same with the different classes that apply it. Those who are economically stable, in addition, can be used to influence the hand of the law in any direction that they see fit. Money changes things in the way the legal rules are set forth, hence, brings a conflict. Social conflict theorists have argued that the law is left as a weapon as opposed to it being a shield</p> <h2>Strengths and weaknesses of the theoretical development</h2> <p>The theoretical evolution of the theory draws its strength from the fact that it uses the aspect of morality to justify itself. In all of its development, the social conflict theory had embraced the aspect of morality in its discussion. Hence, it has drawn the attention of many people because it preaches the immorality of exploitation. It preaches of the issues behind the immoral aspects of exploitation under pretentious habits by the advantageous groups. In doing so, it recognizes the fundamentals in which the society is made of and identifies with the plight of the minorities. It recognizes the injustice that was afforded to the people who could not change the laws or political atmosphere as society developed from the 18th century. The fact is that the theory is the only one that sought to exploit the injustices that occurred in the society. As it proceeded and developed more, the theory recognized the changes that the society had made towards a better governing and social system. It incorporates other factors that have affected the developed society. Because of such a comprehensive and factual representation of what happens in the society, it is a realistic representation of what needed to be changed. It involved the change in the traditional setup, and what was needed in the modern scenario.<br /> However, the theory heavily discounts humanitarianism acts that may aimed towards the goodness of the society (Eagly, 2004). It places any acts that are done by the advantageous group to people who are less fortunate as having an ulterior motive. In this theory, there is no day that the people who have influential positions will do things that substantially benefit the society as a whole (Izvercianu, 2009). The theory stipulates that the society is devoid of any goodness. In the modern aspect, when it comes to crime, the theory presents a situation where the laws completely fail to protect those from a lower class. The scenario may be a misrepresentation that is fuelled with unfounded discriminatory innuendo. The issue of discrimination is not new when it comes to crime committal and punishment. However, the law has evolved to protect criminals and they, too, get to be afforded a high amount of rights. At the same time, it could be notably true that the higher class in the society often escapes high degrees of punishment. However, it does not mean that the lower class is usually unfairly punished as a result. The laws have tried to foster a fair approach to the provision of justice through constitutional reviews.<br /> Empirical Research denotes the routine of acquiring new knowledge and skills not through construing, but through undeviating and unintended observation. That explains why the outcomes that are deduced from the empirical research would only be evaluated and considered through qualitative as well as quantitative approaches. In other words, it is a product that brings out outcomes through experimentation and observation resulting to sound understanding not forgetting to remark that the research results to s comprehensive case study. One of the major strengths of the methods denotes the integration of the research itself as well as the practice. Moreover, it does offer admiration to contextual differences something that enables the acquired knowledge to be built upon. Even though the method have the exceeding features, it is worth noting that the process would not be trustworthy in case the full cycle was not adhered to and they include observation, induction, deduction, testing, and finally evaluation. Any failure in any of the phases would result to unwanted outcomes that would lead to wrong observation.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The social conflict theory has been an important element in the bid to solve the never-ending problems that exist in the society. The problems emanate from the legal, social, economic and political aspects since they are all related (Deutsch, 2000). Even with the presence of some weaknesses, the theory is still a good representation of those things that affect the society and need reform. Because of the social interactions that occur with different people in the society, conflicts are bound to exist.</p> <h2>References</h2> <p>Azar, E. (1990). The management of protracted social conflict: Theory and cases. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Dartmouth;.<br /> Ballantine, J. H., & Spade, J. Z. (2008). Schools and society: A sociological approach to education. Los Angeles: Pine Forge Press.<br /> Bartos, O., & Wehr, P. (2002). Using conflict theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<br /> Brym, R. (2012, August 1). Collective and State Violence in the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: The Limits of Classical Rational-Choice Theory. Canadian Review of Sociology.<br /> Dahrendorf, R. (n.d.). Toward a theory of social conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 170-183.<br /> Deutsch, M. (2000). The handbook of conflict resolution theory and practice. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass.<br /> Eagly, A. (2004). The social psychology of group identity and social conflict: Theory, application, and practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.<br /> Eagly, A. H., Baron, R. M., Hamilton, V. L., & Kelman, H. C. (2004). The social psychology of group identity and social conflict: Theory, application, and practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.<br /> Explain all of the scientific advantages or disadvantages that Conflict/ Marxist theory has. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://essaytree.com/criminology/explain-all-of-the-scientific-advantages-or-disadvantages-that-conflict-marxist-theory-has/<br /> Hladki, J. (2002, September 22). Entangled Discursivity: Women's Social Relations in a Collaborative Filmmaking Process. (Research Articles/Rapports De Recherche). Resources for Feminist Research.<br /> Izvercianu, M. (2009, January 1). Conflict and strategy models in automotive competing markets.(Report). Annals of DAAAM & Proceedings.<br /> Martindale, D. (1960). The nature and types of sociological theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.<br /> Pankin, R. M. (1981). Social approaches to sport. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.<br /> Rossides, D. W. (1998). Social theory: Its origins, history, and contemporary relevance. Dix Hills, N.Y: General Hall.<br /> Savage, T. (2005, March 22). Applying Social Empowerment Strategies as Tools for Self-Advocacy in Counseling Lesbian and Gay Male Clients. Journal of Counseling and Development: JCD.<br /> Schellenberg, J. A. (1996). Conflict resolution: Theory, research, and practice. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.<br /> Schlee, G. (2004, March 1). Taking Sides and Constructing Identities: Reflections on Conflict Theory. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute.<br /> Sitton, J. (1996). Recent Marxian theory class formation and social conflict in contemporary capitalism. Albany: State University of New York Press.<br /> Social-Conflict Theory. (2009, September 29). Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://www.ehow.com/facts_5476453_socialconflict-theory.html<br /> Sociology political process theory articles Meltdata.com. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://www.meltdata.com/articles/sociology-political-process-theory.html<br /> Sociology/ Conflict Theory term paper 15995. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://www.customessaymeister.com/customessays/Sociology/15995.htm<br /> Stolley, K. S. (2005). The basics of sociology. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.<br /> Väyrynen, R., & International Social Science Council. (1991). New directions in conflict theory: Conflict resolution and conflict transformation. London: Sage Publications.<br /> Weiner, I. B. (2013). Handbook of psychology. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.<br /> Wendt, A. (1999). Social theory of international politics. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.</p> ...

Capitalism is an economic environment in which factors of production and trade are privately controlled to maximize profits. Capitalism is characterized by such factors such as capital accumulation and competition in markets and wages. A lot of theories have been postulated in a bid to explain the origin of modern capitalism. This paper focuses on two theories on the origin of capitalism by Karl Marz and Max Weber. Special Focus is given to the alienation theory by Karl Marx and the origin of capitalism as explained in by two theories.

KARL MARX THEORY OF ALIENATION

In the theory of alienation, Karl Marx explains and discusses ...

- Mercantilism
What was the ultimate goal of the mercantilist philosophy and why this goal was considered radical at the time. What type of exports/imports did they encourage/discourage and what was the impact on the domestic working population?
The mercantilist philosophy was a policy that was enacted by the European colonists with the aim of increasing wealth in their country. Thus, the main way to increase their wealth was to entice its colonists to pay the supplied goods from the European nation using gold. This is because gold was considered more valuable than the colonists’ money. As a means ...

Background:

The outcome of Second World led to a bipolar world with the dominant forces coming into enacting power. One of these was the Socialist state of Russia that had suffered the most in Second World War and had contributed the most towards the defeat of Germany, the Second was an outside force in form of United States of America that had aided the Allies in the War and made their victories possible.

Introduction:

The end of World War saw a non conventional and unprecedented war in form of a Cold War. In this war, the battle was not fought on battle grounds between ...

Introduction

Karl Heinrich Marx was born in a family of nine to Henrietta Marx and Heinrich in Trier in Prussia. He was born on 5th of May 1818. Karl Marx was brought up by a father who was a lawyer who was extremely successful Voltaire and Kant. The father was also a fervent Prussian reform activist. Despite his parents bringing him as a Jew in the ancestry of rabbinical, in 1816 his father converted to Christianity at 35 years of age.
At school, Marx was never the best student. He was always an average student. For twelve years he was educated at home. After a ...

The Communist Manifesto

Introduction
First published as Das Kommuniste Che Manifest, the Communist Manifesto was commissioned by the communist league, a political organization formed by working class individuals in northern Europe. The manifesto was jointly authored by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel. Though much credit was initially given to Engel, he later told the world that the manifesto was purely based on the ideas of Karl Marx. The manifesto is best understood through an analysis of the challenges faced by the working class in Europe (Marx & Engels 2009). Essentially, the writing is based on class struggles. According to Karl Marx, class struggles ...

Introduction

Anti-capitalistic occurs because of uniformed society, whose aim to sit and discuss the matters of the intellectuals. Through the social gatherings, all the new ideologies and ideas find responses. In addition, most socialites are ignorant and they are people not interested in ideas and books, instead they gather and start gossiping more on persons or sports if doing nothing. Those who are not much into reading consider scientists, artists and writers as individuals they do not wish to consort.

I can add that the socialist are ignorant on how the capitalistic market operates and due to competition in the ...

According to social theorist Karl Marx, revolution is "an unstoppable historical force growing out of class inequalities that are rooted in the ownership of the means of production" (Handelman, p. 221). In essence, the bourgeoisie, who are the ruling elite, controls through various means all the power and resources that are available to the detriment of the working class. This leaves the 'proletariat' unable to rise above their station or gain any agency in the government or nation to which they are dedicating their hard work and resources. Marx, in The German Ideology predicted that, in any such system ...

Government is an institution that controls a state at a particular time. A state can be described as an organization, often political in nature that has a body with control and monopoly of legitimate force. States can be sovereign, federated or under the rule of an external sovereign state. A sovereign state is one, which has autonomy of poser and decisions within its own boundary. Federated states are those, which are part of a federal government while countries under foreign rule are those, which do not have the power to exercise autonomy. A system of government or regime type is the political institutions ...

In the past century and a half, the American people have undergone tremendous changes, both in disposition and social advancement. With the coming of the Industrial Revolution, and the development of the major modern city, workers have been required to adapt in order to survive. With the world becoming smaller, people of all races and economic classes have had to work together and find ways to coexist, particularly in the workforce. In the experience of labor movements in the United States from the late nineteenth century to today, certain themes have emerged over and over again as central to the ...

Of Marx/ Engels, Durkheim, and Weber

Of Marx/ Engels, Durkheim, and Weber
I. Marx
There are many ways by which Marx’ methodology can be viewed, and reading through his works leads to the realization of his socialism concept. In Marx’ Capitalist, he expressed how production is initiated, not because man is under the control of political power, but because he is a social being that needs to participate in the production of goods that will benefit the whole society. This was expressed in his work when he wrote, “socialized man, the associated producers, regulate their interchange with nature rationally,” (Marx, 1869, pp. 944), thus allowing ...

Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution being one of the most recognized events in the world history had been opinionated and criticized throughout many writing pieces. Animal Farm, written by George Orwell, is a metaphoric and detailed novel published in 1956, reflecting the Russian revolution of the 1917. George Orwell the son of a British civil servant, born as Eric Arthur Blair, gained popularity and a boost of financial holdings after publishing the novel; Animal Farm. The novel is an anti-Soviet satire that takes place in a farm where the idea of animalism has been presented to the animals by a pig named Old Major. He dies ...

Define collective bargaining (NBA lockout 2011) arguments from both sides (NBA owners and NBA players) what the latest deal means, when it will expire

Introduction

Business and sports operations are based on proper comprehension of the legal facets. An organizational investment into the comprehension and inculcation of the legal facets is critical towards ensuring that the prospects of litigation do not prevail. An individual or sports organization that maintains competency regarding the legal facets is bound to avoid the prospects of law suits that prevail as a result of non-comprehension of the legal facets of business operations. In regards to the ...

Camus’ “The Stranger” is brilliantly as it crafts Camus’s absurdist view of the world. The novel came out in 1942, and tells the story of Meursault’s , an emotionally detached, but amoral young man. Meursault does not believe in God. Camus shows the main character’s callous nature as he does not cry at his mother’s funeral and he kills a man he hardly knows. Due to his crime, the society sees Meursault as a threat to the society, and as such, he faced death. Nevertheless, he comes to understand the simple coldness of the world. He eventually finds ...

The crisis of modern society is expressed in a crisis of identity as an individual social individual (man) and individual communities. The relationship between global, „world „society of individual communities is mediated by the so-called . Mega - trends: scientific and technical progress, economic integration , information and communication revolution , the movement for human rights and the practice of globalization, exposes contradictions identity of traditional and modern society , and identity of human existence in general . Where is the social process role and place of politics and religion - working on new content identity of a man and society , or maintaining the status quo ...

Part 1- Gender discrimination

Introduction
Evidences of gender discrimination are obvious in many societies. Social structure has encouraged discrimination among women. It would appear to be a man’s world in many instances. Politics is a male dominated institution. In some societies women could not vote. Many industries did not accept women employees claiming they could not function as efficiently as men due to lack of education. However, society has converged into male dominated occupations as well as female ones too. Therefore, it can be argued that from an employment perspective gender discrimination affects men just as women to some degree.

Theoretical applications

Symbolic interactionists theory ...

Neo-liberalism encourages economic liberalism, promoting the divide between the rich and the poor; it is active today, that is why it’s neo or new. However, it has lost dominance since the 1990s because of growing awareness of, and resistance to, its negative consequences. Peters and Bourdieu point out that The World Bank, the IMF, the WTO, the Asia Development Bank (ADB), the OEC, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the GATS have promoted neoliberal policies like privatisation, free trade, lowering labour costs and shrinking public expenditure (qtd. in Jiang 13). The neoliberal policies imposed by ...

Leadership is an intricate construct, with widely disparate qualities and definitions. According to Northhouse (2007) and Giltinane (2013), leadership refers to the focus of several group processes i.e. it is a process of influencing group processes in setting and achieving mutually negotiated goals. By implication, leadership is a contextual construct born out of interactions among leaders and their respective followers. Specifically, Rowe (2007) describes leadership as a process of influencing members of a group to agree on, and understand what needs to be, and how it should be done, as well as the process of mediating group and individual efforts to attain shared ...

Organization and Development for Progressive Social Change

Organization and Development for Progressive Social Change

Introduction

Organizing a large chunk population based on a concrete social, religious, or economic issue can bring breakthrough changes. During the course of time, people in different parts of the world has recognized that if they want to bring a major changes in the social fabric of the society, the collective power of the societal members is of sheer significance. The recent Arab Spring is the major example in this case. The segment of the world, which was ruled by a selected set of rulers for many decades was suddenly challenge by the society and it brought ...

Ever since Georg Wilhelm Hegel’s death in 1831, the concepts and ideas that he had articulated in his political philosophy has continuously remained the crux of modern philosophical, moral, and ethical discussion. Hegelian schools – both ‘Old’ and ‘Young’ – emerged as propagators of the philosopher’s Hegelian system, and imbued it with controversy and a distinctive dichotomy. With the emergence of socialism in the early 1900s, thinkers such as Moses Hess, Karl Marx, and Ferdinand Lasalle began relating their works with that of Hegel, as did a significant number of liberal and conservative philosophers. Much of the impact that Hegel’s ...

Introduction

In the first part of this assignment I set an objective to analyze the general dynamics and characteristics of the group, I am currently working with. Importantly, I find this experience especially interesting as the group´s profile is radically different from other work teams I used to be part of. Comprised of 6 members with very senior management positions and professional backgrounds, we work as the team of independent specialists with a formal leader of the department, 2 managers and three non-managerial members. At the same time, the team does not have an informally accepted leader or facilitator, ...

INTRODUCTION

This paper outlines Marxian concepts in Workfare Street Cleaner, Crime Scene Cleaner, Poultry Factory Worker, and Stripper as in Bowe J Bowe’s book Gig: Americans talk about their jobs. The paper will use case studies drawn from Bowe’s book to explain the concepts. The study shows how Americans feel about their jobs and then relates their opinions to the concepts of Marxist theory.

CRIME SCENE CLEANER

Neal Smither is the owner of Crime Scene Cleaners. Their work involves cleaning up death scenes like homicides, accidental deaths, and suicide. He started the job after he lost his job at a mortgage-banking ...

Abstract

Culture and personality are two ideologies that compliment and supplement each other. So several times, society has never failed to use culture in the process of convincing and influencing people to believe in the same beliefs as it have. This paper sought to justify the effect of each towards one another and to establish that several of these effects can be geared towards the positive or the negative side.
Keywords:Culture, personality, globalization

Consumer: Culprit to the Disintegration of Culture

The image the public have about a particular gender is dictated by the society. In other words, in a male-dominated culture male will always have the upper-hand and ...

Civilization in Cold War

The end of the Second World War left the world with two superpowers – the United States (US) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) – that nearly controlled every aspect of politics, economics and social life worldwide. The two superpowers, after completion of the Second World War, started fierce rivalry that did not involve direct military engagements in the battlefields. The fight for scientific, political, economic, and military control as a way of civilization led the Americans to support one group or country over the others. The war involved the two superpowers in hideously supporting, financing and implementing their ideologies ...

Conservative vs Liberal Ideology

America is considered by many as the “Land of the Free”, wherein any person could practice his belief, ideology and affiliation without the need to fear the government from forced intervention. Civil liberties and human rights matter most for the Americans, especially under its Constitution. However, there have been chances wherein ideologies became the cause of conflict inside the country, which could be seen in the country’s two leading political parties: the Democrats and the Republicans. Conservatives supports the growth of capitalism and retention of traditional laws to sustain the growth of the country, while the Liberals support ...

Introduction

It is widely accepted in management circles especially in transnational organizations that countries have distinct and sometimes unique cultural traits. These cultural traits are extremely influential and to a large extent determine whether multinational corporations succeed or fail in the various countries of operation. This is the case because of the continued globalization and merger of world economies that has consequently resulted to the melt-down of not only international but also local geographic boundaries. To this effect, culture based studies are becoming a pre-requisite for doing business in the various parts of the world as the years pass by. At the ...

Just as the Soviet Revolution occurred through several political developments, and just as Stalin made several Five Year Plans to modernize the economy and industry of the Soviet Union, the culture of the Soviet Union underwent many transformations from the days of the October Revolution to the days of the Party cultural commissars. All the various areas of culture developed and changed under Soviet rule, including all kinds of art and performances. Culture in the Soviet Union changed transformed first from the liberatory energy of the Revolution, as the energy and the ideology of the Revolution spread throughout Russian ...

Levers that set the wheels of social change in motion often seem banal and insignificant from a modern perspective. In the 17th century, sugar was little more than a dietary novelty, a foreign curiosity that improved the taste of brackish teas and sedimentary coffee for the wealthiest members of English society. A century later, the uncanny growth of the cane-based product had made it an irreplaceable commodity that would saturate the British market and lead to a sea change in Western Europe’s economic framework. The means by which sugar was produced and financed helped to revolutionize the very principles upon which English ...

Introduction:

We have seen economic progress through the centuries, and we have prized that progress because the same has been making our living standards better and it is giving us access to so many services. That of the United States is an economy which screams progress, but within this progress, the economy also hides a great flaw. In this economy, the rich seems to be getting even richer, while the poor suffer through the worse of the ups and downs, at least this is a question that we are going to prove true or false in this paper.
As per ...

Introduction

It is worth acknowledging that the business setting is experiencing tremendous changes, a feature that has influenced the way global workforce is sourced, organized and managed. Besides, globalization has enhanced interaction amid knowledge, trade, and innovation, which are significant factors that influence business. However, different stakeholders are concerned that emerging markets have led to increased number of employees working outside their homes. Besides, there is a shortage of talent in specific disciplines in the market, a feature that has attracted a lot of concerns.
Therefore, the mobility of employees has been experienced in the recent past and is expected ...

[University]

Introduction

Perhaps no clause in the U.S. constitution has been so misconstrued and debated as the Second Amendment. In fact, even the Supreme Court could not make up their mind as to the true meaning of “A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed”. A decisive interpretation to this clause has been quite elusive. Since its ratification, only a few cases have found its way to the Supreme Court while the court’s decision has not helped clarify the matter more than being ...

Term paper

Final Essay
British journalist Tom Standage neglected the classical model of archaeologists, who divide the world into periods of history (Stone Age, Bronze Age, etc.) and offered his own version. The author of this book divided history into six main periods with help of beverages. Humanity, starting with the use of homemade beer has come to international red and white logo of "Coca-Cola". Author around each drink is trying to build a whole theory, to bind the general trends of human development, to identify significance. Telling about the beer, the author informs that in one of the Egyptian myths ...

Introduction

Drug and alcohol use among teenagers is a problem concerning not only the core social structures, the families, but societies as a whole. When do teenagers first experience alcohol and what drives them to use drugs? Are figures showing a decline in students using alcohol and drugs leave us on the safe side, or is there another trend replacing an outdated one?
It appears that a large number of 8th, 10th and 12th-graders in the U.S find pleasure in using alcohol or illegal drugs, while there is also a portion of the teenage population that is urged to alcohol and drug use for ...

PART 1

Society and institutions are key concepts in sociological studies. From as early as the 1980s, there have been attempts to revise the key sociological concepts of institutions giving rise to ‘New Institutionalism” or “Neoinstitutionalism.” At first, the ideas were based on organizational theory but the ideas quickly broadened to include micro sociology or individualism and global sociology. In sociological studies, institutional analysis is conducted for understanding how institutions affect and influence individual and collective human behavior. Conclusions can be made through empirical approaches or inferential analyses, which give various scientifically admissible conclusions on the subject. Past studies have shown ...

Introduction

Communism is a political and social movement that aims for a classless state where the means of production is owned jointly by the society. The government is the overall owner of the means of production and ensures the masses share in the distribution of wealth. Cuba is a country which embraced communism ideologies as a way of life. Fidel Castro was the prime minister from 1959 to 1978. He ruled the country as president from 1978 to 2008 then handed the presidency to his brother. He had a great impact in Cuba and will always be one of the leaders who will be greatly ...

Examination of Performance Review Conflict

Examination of Performance Review Conflict
Performance review conflict can create serious problems in the public sector. In reviewing an employee’s performance, the supervisor considers self-reported performance assessment, his/her observations of an employee’s work, and feedback from other supervisors and peers who had the opportunity to oversee or observe the work of the employee. However, ratings for each criterion depends, in part, on the subjective interpretation of the supervisor. Rater bias and favoritism based on gender, race, age, physical appearance or attractiveness, personality, and personal relations or interests may influence supervisor ratings. Evaluation results become the basis of ...

Abstract

Given the importance of human resource economics to address labor utilization together with its implications for the greater economy, the accumulation of human capital is one of the major related topics. Human capital collection greatly drives the instrumental economic considerations such as unemployment, employment turnover, and the functions of both the labor unions and government policies. Unlike most of the resources that depreciate with time, investment in human capital increases in appreciation and continually exploits the available resources. Although it may consume time, it ensures effective use of qualities and skills while enhancing other resources. The human resource plays ...

Abstract

The purpose of the assignment is to present recommendations for NCOA through using the Senge’s five disciplines of the learning organization. It has been determined that the organization is suffering for the issues system archetypes such as shifting the burden and limit to growth. The organization is not able to deliver the latest knowledge of supply techniques. The top management of the organization lacks in personal mastery, as leaders preferred traditional systems and wanted that instructor also follow the same.
The failure of the organization in achieving its goals is the evidence that the firm is suffering from ...

Over centuries, white supremacy always put domination on those who were fair-skinned than those who were black. There was white privilege that put the white ones ahead in freedom, opportunities and rights to the point that the black ones were left behind to be treated more as slaves, mainly because they lacked the higher value of having white skin color. This was the dehumanization of African peoples even in the United States, in which they were reduced to the status of a chattel just for the sake of enslavement, as well as, economic exploitation. There was white supremacy for ...

A Case Study of UPS’ expansion strategy in India

  United Parcel Service or UPS is one of the best courier service companies in the world. Founded in 1907 it has grown into a $36 b company through the expansion of its operation in more than 200 countries all over the world. UPS has emerged as one of the largest package delivery companies in the global market and competes with FedEx and DHL in supply chain management activities.
UPS extended its operations to South East Asia as a strategy to counter the recession and India offered a lucrative opportunity with a growing market (Arthaud -Day M. L. et al; ...

Abstract

Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is one of the most fascinating and well-known poems by the famed English poet, becoming one of the bastions of British Romantic literature through its immense lyricism and use of metaphor. The poem deals with themes of the violation of nature, the encroaching threat of the Orient and its strangeness on European culture, as well as the stifling nature of guilt, all contributing to a multi-faceted and pluralistic tale that deals with the breadth of human experience.

Proposal

Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is one of ...

In 1985, Donna Haraway published a seminal essay “A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century”. While it was greatly intended to discuss like a metaphorical disclosure, many futurists and feminists were inspired by its more technoprogressive and literal interpretation of her message. This essay became a major influence on the society’s conception of postgenderist theory, and inspired many other articles like “Postgenderism: Beyond the Gender Binary” and “Overcoming Gender” and "Postgenderism: Beyond the Gender Binary" (sentientdevelopments, 2010).
In her essay “A Cyborg Manifesto”, Haraway issued feminists a challenge to start engaging in politics beyond essentialism and ...

The housing bubble and its subsequent burst in late 2006-07, were cited as one of the primary reasons for the financial crisis of 2007-08 that left the whole global economy in tense situations. In the US alone, millions of people went homeless, and thousand of real estate companies were having unsold homes and commercial properties. The financial pundits and researchers blamed the easy financing and relaxed regulation on the financial sectors that fed into the bubble, allowing it to grow to proportions and such level, from where it was not possible for the federal system to save the economy ...

Abstract

This paper aims at establishing communism in China and its effects on the government, economy, and lifestyle.
Introduction
In world history, communism is often associated with negative points. When communism is brought up, cruel regimes in the former Germany, U.S.S.R, and Yugoslavia and also current regimes in nations such as, North Korea, China and Cuba are time and again thought of depressingly. In addition to that, communism is associated with government control, limited personal freedoms, and a police state. Seemingly, all these curtail civil liberties. Ideally, some nations have tried communism and failed because of the methods they ...

Liberty. Among the most widely putative theories of liberty is that there must be a single predominant formula under which all the comprehensible locutions about personal freedom and liberation. The pervasiveness of this notion largely influences Gerald MacCallum’s classic article, “Negative and Positive Freedom”. The author provides that the need for freedom of an individual is realized once an element of constraint is determined. These elements of constraints prevent individuals from becoming or becoming something. Liberation is a triadic relation between individuals, constraints, and ends. To ensure full liberty, the constraints to the “ends” should be completely inexistent. These insights ...

Introduction

Many challenges that are emerging in the international system have made scholars look for ways to solve such problems. Scholars would rhetorically ask themselves whether nation states approach these challenges in the right manner. Some of the emerging challenge sinclude; global poverty, human rights abuses, climate change, terrorism, and international development. Most nation states have been known to use military force to solve such problems. However, these issues are still present in society. This indicates that alternative solutions are necessary. Conventionally, nation statesshould desist from using military force since it results in additional problems. Places wheremilitary force has been ...

Introduction

In any democratic society, every citizen s entitled to equal basic rights and protection from the
Government. These rights are proposed through bills, formulated into Acts and entrenched in the constitution. In the education sector teachers rights are governed by several laws which if breached has dire consequences. For instance, In United States of America, The Civil Rights Act of 1964, protects teachers in both public and private institutions against sexual, racial or religious discrimination. Other enacted Acts are Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 which protects teachers aged above 40years against age discrimination, Pregnancy Discrimination Act ...

Introduction

The cotton plant is a shrub native to subtropical and tropical regions around the globe including Africa, India and America. In the old and contemporary world, cotton was independently domesticated and the resulting fiber is in most cases spun into thread and used to make soft and breathable textiles. The use of cotton fabric can be dated back to prehistoric times; archeologists have excavated fragments cotton fabric dated from 5000 B.C in Indus valley and Mexico. Even though cotton has been cultivated since the distant past, it was the invention of the cotton gin that lowered its cost and led ...

Literature

Thesis: Symbolism and figures of speech in Orwell’s Animal Farm
i. Use of similes, metaphors and symbols in Animal Farm

A. A summary of Orwell’s Animal Farm

B. Setting of Animal Farm
C. Napoleon and Snowball
1. Figures of speech in Animal Farm

Introduction

Animal Farm by George Orwell is one of the best works of the author. Each character in Animal Farm stands for an important character of the Russian Revolution. Fascism, communism and animalism are displayed as illusions applied by the pigs, in order to satiate their greed for power. The book is a political allegory of the then Soviet Union’s ...

The end of the Second World War left the world with two super powers who competed to control every aspect of the world politics, economics and social life. The United State had a doctrine based on western civilization that was imprinted in the Capitalistic theory. The USSR had its own theory of civilization based on the communist form of leadership. The capitalistic mode of development was blamed on placing powers on individual leaving the government with minimal control. The communist theory believed that property should be owned by the society with control by the government on its utilization. The two ...

A Judge is one of the chief officials of very high rank who interprets the law and provides judgment based on the evidences. A judge can be a male or a female and the verdicts provided by them affect the society and the lives of people. The judges are appointed in civil courts, high courts and supreme courts. The judge is required to follow the rules and regulations laid by the United States Constitution or the laws of the State Constitution depending on where the judge is posted. The basic duty of the Judge is to listen to the Accused, the ...

African-American Civil Rights Movement and Value-Added Theory

The African American Civil Rights movement is one of the most remarkable event and periods in the history of United States of America and perhaps even the whole world. The social movement was aimed at providing equal rights to the Black Americans in the country and putting an end to their racial discrimination while also providing them voting rights. The movement had been a long struggle for the African Americans who came into the country as slaves and were rampantly exploited by the white Americans. The struggle for the equal rights for the Blacks in America, mostly in the Southern ...

Leadership and Management

Question 1

Leadership refers to the process by which an individual influences other individuals to complete given objectives and directs an organization in an effective, cohesive and coherent manner. It involves the application of the individual’s knowledge, skills and abilities in ensuring that the objectives are efficiently carried out (Northouse, 2007). Additionally, leadership requires the ability of convincing others (followers or employees) positively to efficiently in carrying out these objectives. Therefore, proper leadership is instrumental in successful organizations, businesses and institutions.

The main function of leadership in an organization is to impact on organizational effectiveness (O'Reilly, Caldwell, Chatman, ...

Group Therapy using Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is one of the approaches used in psychotherapeutic treatment of various conditions. CBT uses an emotional cognizance process in which therapists help patience to understand the psychological influences on their behavior. During treatment, patients are taught how to identify destructive thought patterns. They are then equipped with tools that aid them in breaking bad patterns of thought and developing positive thought and will power.

Group therapy is a common form of psychotherapy in which one or more therapists treat a group of patients at the same time. Group therapy denotes any form of therapy which is delivered ...

Real Madrid CF

Real Madrid is a Spanish, professional football club founded in 1897, and with upwards of thirty Spanish League (La Liga) titles, seventeen Spanish Cups, nine European Championship Cups and two UEFA trophies, it is easily one of the most successful football clubs in the world ( Real Madrid, 2012). It was voted the 20th Century’s most successful club by FIFA and by the close of 2011; it was the richest club in the world, with annual revenues reaching upwards of $695 million and $204.0 million in operating revenues. The club, which is entirely owned and controlled by its members, is ...

Introduction

An economy of a country goes through different cycles. There will be periods where there will be a boom and at other times there can be a recession. In the Western world the period 2007 to 2009 was a tough period as the economy went through a recession. Many people lost their jobs while others lost their homes. It is estimated that a total of 8.4 Million jobs were lost during the recession period. Mortgage products were the worst hit. Governments came up with measures to stimulate the economy. The American government spent a lot of money bailing out banks and mortgage companies.

There are two ...