Essays on Epilepsy

The demographic profile

As it has been indicated by Kumar et al (2014) in the scope of their study, the lion share of the statistical data on demographic profile of epilepsy from both developed and developing countries may be referred as a retrospective one. It means that there is an insignificant number of the studies, which pertain to the selected age group – children in the current realities of the 21st century (Garzon et al 237-245). As it was indicated by Garzon et al (2003), the core limiting factor in this case is the access to the professional health care services in the ...

Narcolepsy is such a neurological disorder, the impact of which affects a person's ability to control its own state of wakefulness and sleep. The symptoms of narcolepsy are accompanied by excessive sleepiness and are not subject to control by the attacks of sleep that occur during the day and are somewhat dangerous. For example, sudden sleep attacks can occur at any time and for any actions. As a result, it becomes difficult to concentrate on sick people and they cannot work normally. (Chokroverty, Sudhansu) The cause of narcolepsy is still unknown, but there are many versions. For instance, scholars ...

Introduction

One of the most common strategies of criminal defense attorneys when representing a defendant who has an unusual condition such as a mental abnormality, is to argue either that regardless of their actions, they are nevertheless not responsible for the crime or that they never had the capacity to commit a crime. The reason that criminal defense attorneys can make these arguments is that criminal law recognizes a number of unique situations where otherwise criminal conduct should not be subjected to a determination of guilt and the offender should be exempted from the crime (LaFave, 2000). These arguments, which ...

Question 1: Uses the correct term for chronically recurring seizures.

Answer: Epilepsy Question 2: Determines if the patient in the scenario has epilepsy. Answer: J.G. does not have epilepsy. She has only had three previous cases of seizures prior to which she had not experienced any seizures. The current cases were triggered by the cesarean section thus too early to refer to the condition as epilepsy (Ko, 2016).

Question 3: Identifies possible conditions, besides brain injury, that contributes to the lowered seizure threshold for the patient in the scenario.

Answer: Apart from brain injury, lowered seizure threshold can occur as a result of infectious illnesses such as AIDS, meningitis as well as developmental disorders such as neurofibromatosis and autism (Ko, 2016).

Question 4: Describes the pathophysiology of a seizure.

The brain and the nervous systems functions within a ...

Patient and Study Identification

The patient is a 10-year-old boy sent by the referring specialist neurologist, whom the patient visited after his mother had found him experiencing seizure twice during the past month. The patient was first diagnosed with absence epilepsy when he was 5 years of age, and has not experienced seizures since he was 8 years of age. The purpose of this electroencephalography (EEG) study is to identify the type of epilepsy in this case so that the patient can receive the correct treatment.

History

The patient had a normal birth and experienced healthy development until the age of 5, when his ...

In research conducted by Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky (1993), the result of listening to music composed by the musician Mozart was an short-term improvement in tasks associated with spatial-temporal reasoning. The researchers hypothesized that higher brain functions correlate with music cognition. Dubbed the “Mozart Effect” by Dr. Alfred Tomatis, subsequent experiments differed on whether the influence is significant. While some studies support the proposed impact (Ivanov & Geake, 2003; Rauscher, Robinson, and Jens, 1998; Rideout & Laubach, 1996), others do not (Chabris, 1999; Mehr, Schachner, Katz, & Spelke, 2013; Steele, Bass, & Crook, 1999). This paper is an analysis of the research by ...

Mean Streets (1973) Martin Scorsese

Introduction

A film is a story or an event that is a set of moving images or motion pictures and is shown in theater or on television. Films always portray different messages in them depending on the subject topic. The message they portray or carry mainly depend on the plot, setting of the movie and the role the different characters take up in the film or movie. The intent of the film is always in the main theme and this is always the beneficial part of the film to the viewers or the consumers (Merritt ...

During the initial visit the registered nurse from the Community Nursing Service will elicit information concerning the seizure history from Jessica. While seeking information concerning the history the nurse will seek to know when the client had her first fit, whether there has been any improvement after initial diagnosis and treatment. The nurse will also seek to know whether the client would wish to have her medication changed due to their ineffectiveness. The patient is then asked concerning the factors that may trigger the seizure. While doing so, the nurse will document on alcohol intake. Other factors that trigger ...

Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by seizures that impair the nervous system. The seizure may be defined as an interruption in the electrical conductivity in the brain

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES, RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS OF EPILEPSY?

Cause and risk factors The exact cause of epilepsy in many sufferers remain unidentified . Approximately two-third of the epilepsy cases present no cause. Children are more susceptible relative to adults to suffering from epilepsy with unknown cause. There are risk factors that may predispose some individuals to epilepsy and include damage to the head or brain, tumor of the brain, Alzheimer’s disease, brain infections such as meningitis, and lack of ...

Summary: In the article titled, “Abnormal Cortex Plasticity in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy”, the authors investigate the role of defective motor plasticity in the pathogenesis of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (Strigaro et al.). Prior to this study, JME was linked to motor cortex hyper-excitability and to the abnormal function of thalamic networks. This study, identifies a new mechanism that can cause JME, a common form of generalized epilepsy seen in children. The motor cortex plasticity was studied using an interesting technique called the Paired Associated Stimulation (PAS). The details of this technique are discussed in the methodology section. The role of ...

Towards the end of February this year, Washington D.C. move to legalize recreational pot and on Tuesday, the very next week, the same was announced in Alaska. The states that remain behind are now fighting even more vigorously for their right to use pot legally. There has been one motivation behind this movement where the scientists have now found that marijuana is safer compared to other drugs; legalized alcohol and tobacco included. The recent research findings say that the dangers of marijuana have been overestimated in the past while at the same time; we have also been underestimating the ...

Mysticism is a feeling like no other that is very important and personal so not all of the experiences occurring are reported in any formal location. The exception to this is the archives of the Religious Experience Research Center (RERC) which houses about three thousand reports from mostly women who have reports of a mystical experience. During an unsolicited mystic experience many reports contain the loss of self and a bright light. The light appears to be a constant in the mystic experience if we define it as an experience that transcends the natural life everyday type of experiences. ...

Introduction

Epilepsy is one of the most devastating neurological health issues which is associated with recurring seizures in affected individuals. The concept of recurring seizures is linked with the transmission of worn signals from a cluster of neurons or nerve cells in the brain. In the event of a seizure, an individual is known to behave in a strange manner and have varying emotions and sensations. In most cases, epilepsy is known to be constituted with violent behaviour, loss of consciousness, and muscle spasms. The direct cause of epilepsy is not known but researchers claim that is maybe a result ...

In The Book “The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down”, The Author Anne Fadiman Tells A True Story Of Lia And Her Family.

Ms Fadiman a journalist eloquently documents the anguish of the worst epilepsy disorder in childhood. In early 1980, a large number of Hmong families fled oppression and war in Southeast Asia and came to settle in the United States. Lee family settled in an apartment complex in central California (Fadiman 3). Their settlement signaled an immersion in a cultural and social setting entirely different from theirs. Lia Lee was born to this family in 1982. At three ...

The cultural dissonance can have tragic results for individuals who are trapped between the boundaries of two opposing cultures. The culture difference hence is depicted between Lia Lee’s parents and her doctors. She eventually ends up in a vegetative state for many years not because no one really cares about her epilepsy, but because of cultural and linguistic barriers between her parents who are Hmong and the well meaning American doctors. Linguistically, her Hmong parents do not understand English spoken by the doctors at Ann Fadiman‘s book can be taken to generally act as a warning conflict in our ...

Mental problems associated with alcohol and drug abuse and dependence

Alcoholism is the excessive use and dependence on alcohol by users all the time. Someone who is alcoholic can’t perform any duty without drinking. Drug abuse is described as the use of a medical substance in any other form other than the prescribed by the medical physician. In most cases people tend to drink alcohol for other reason other than enjoyment to make it as a daily need. The drug use is supposed to be prescribed by the medical physician but in several cases people tend to use these drugs for personal pleasure. This two major behaviour result to many ...

Introduction

Epileptic drugs are highly effective in the treatment of epilepsy. However, the new drugs developed have been observed to also treat other diseases. This is a discussion on the wide use of the drugs.

Non-epileptic Uses

Antiepileptic drugs can be used to treat several other diseases apart from epilepsy. The drugs can be used to treat mood and anxiety disorders. It has been ascertained that certain syndromes of bipolar disorders that respond poorly to lithium which is the dominant drug used to treat the disease. The patients responding poorly are those with rapid cycling and mixed bipolar states. Over the years, the ...

Marijuana has always carried a negative reputation due to its recreational use and the “stoner” stereotype that comes with those who use it. Many people use the drug illegally to get high or stoned for their own pleasure. Marijuana is made from the leaves of the cannabis plant, which are then ground and smoked in various ways, such as through a pipe or a rolled joint. The earliest known use of cannabis drugs dates as far back as the ancient Greek and Roman societies. It has traditionally been used as a recreational drug, but modern times have changed. In recent years, the ...

Introduction

Prozac [fluoxetine hydrochloride] is commonly regarded as a first-line therapeutic medication for adolescents due to its supposedly better risk ratio than other antidepressants (Meeker, et al., 2015; Capitao, et al., 2015). It is also currently the most commonly used among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) active ingredients, more than sertraline, escitalopram, venlafaxine (Wagner, 2015). However, its link to suicide cannot be ignored; or to birth defects and low libido (Naish, 2013). Despite the euphoria over it, a dampening cloud can be felt in the background. Is it worth risking adverse effects with Prozac? Is the risk for death or deteriorated ...

Description of the Disease and its Symptoms

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disorder associated with the degeneration of the nervous system. It is caused by multiple factors including genetic and environmental factors. Some of the symptoms of PD include difficulty in writing well, blurred speech, difficulty in performing automatic movement (such as swinging one’s arms), stooped posture and impaired balance, stiff muscles, shaking of the hands when relaxed and slow movement (Schapira, 2010). Tremor (shaking of the hands, arms, or legs when relaxed) is the first symptom that most patients notice. Problem with walking then develops, as the patient is unable to maintain body balance ...

Critical Analysis of the Readings: The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down

Critical analysis of the reading Lia Lee and her family originated from the Hmong tribe, which is an ethnic group located in China and Laos. The Lee family was among a number of families that were displaced in the height of the Vietnam War. After her epilepsy diagnosis, Lia Lee found her herself in the middle of a cultural misunderstanding between her family and doctor events which led to them destroying her brain (Fadiman 1997). The book does not discuss mainly Lia’s illness as much as it discusses the western and cultural medicine and how each group viewed illnesses ...

Introduction

King Tutankhamun also known as King Tut or Tutankhamen was an Egyptian pharaoh who ruled between the period of 1336 and 1327 BC. He is believed to the 12th ruler of the 18th Dynasty of Egyptian history (Carter and Romer 2008). His precious mummy discovered in 1922, in the Valley of Kings by Howard Carter and George Herbert first brought king Tutankhamun to light.. It is the discovery of Tutankhamun’s mummy that first made Tutankhamun and his lineage a subject of public interest worldwide. A lot of facts have been uncovered about him ever since, and all these facts ...

Harriet Tubman is most famously known for being an African-American abolitionist during the Civil War. She was a slave who escaped to freedom, spending the rest of her life helping others escape as she did. Tubman risked her life innumerable times for a cause she believed would make the world a better, more equal place. She was considered a civil rights activist and was even a spy for the Union during the American Civil War. Though her activism during slavery and the Civil War were an important part of Tubman’s life and America’s history, the rest of her life is generally overlooked. ...

A myriad of baffling questions foster educated inquiries regarding the types of causes for schizophrenia, in terms of neurological foundations. Psychiatry and neuropsychological research continues to engage professionals in exploring the role of the frontal lobes in schizophrenia. While more questions persist than answers, it appears that the elements of memory and behavior correlate in ways that bond to either a region or function that is important in the disorder. According to medical researcher, Dr. Raphael Bonelli (2007) “schizophrenia, and mood disorders may result from disturbances that have a direct or indirect impact on the integrity or functioning of” various loops ...

The morning cup of coffee and all its varieties, is under a constant scrutiny for its impacts on health and cognition of consumers. Various studies have tried to showcase the effects of caffeine on the functioning of human body; in the present essay we will discuss some of the health benefits of coffee based on existing scientific research. Coffee is derived from the dried, roasted, and crushed seeds of the coffee plant. Coffee beans are rich in caffeine, antioxidants and various other phytochemicals. Studies show that the phytochemicals derived from coffee play a significant role in lowering neurodegenerative disease risk(Mikuls ...

It is a widely debated topic, whether marijuana should be legalized or not. The supporters of it consider that medical benefits of marijuana makes it important to legalize marijuana and that it will bring greater good to the society. We will discuss the medical purposes of marijuana and give evidence for why supporters advocate legalization.

Advantages of marijuana in medical purposes

In United States of America, 23 out of 50 states and DC has legalized the use of marijuana for medical purposes. The proponents of use of marijuana for medical purposes argue that it is a safe and effective treatment for diseases such as AIDS, cancer, pain, ...

Abstract

The most widespread causes of seizures are infection. Seizure can occur in all ages and the infection can vary base from age. Toxoplasma occurs in newborns while Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease occurs in elders. Moreover, for some infections like neurocysticercosis, seizures are the only observable symptom. Seizure can be the only indication of global central nervous system dysfunction including rabies and sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis . This paper focuses on the discussion of seizures, their types and causes, as well as the pre-hospitalization rehabilitation and hospital rehabilitation of seizures. Seizure is a momentary absence of control usually in the company of unconsciousness, ...

Seizures are defined as sudden or disturbing changes in brains electrical activity. Most of the Seizures produce notable symptoms, but some can leave no signs at all. Recognizing a seizure is important as they can indicate a medical problem . Seizures can be of many types two main types are Epileptic Seizure and Non-epileptic Seizures.

Epileptic Seizures

Epileptic seizures are most common types of Seizures, and about 25% of total Seizure types have Epilepsy. Epilepsy is the disease of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures, but people who do not have epilepsy can also suffer from epileptic seizures.

Non-Epileptic Seizures

Epileptic ...

The novel The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman recounts the tale of the Lee family, a group of Hmong who struggle to treat their daughter Lia Lee for epilepsy. The central conflict throughout the novel is the clash of cultures between the superstitious, traditionalist Hmong family and the secular, science-based Western medical culture. What’s more, there is a communication barrier, as the American doctors are unable to effectively communicate with the family since they speak different languages and use different ways of relating to the world. To that end, the book essentially studies the importance ...

Vocational Assessments

Introduction In psychology and career counseling, vocational assessments play an important role in career planning. Vocational assessments are most often used as metric for children who are transitioning from school to work and adult life, and are meant to determine student expectations for the transition planning process, as well as how these students perceive the future (Dutta et al., 2008). Through vocational assessment, children are also meant to receive practical advice or realistic responses to their own aspirations and goals, as well as indicate how the child might best be able to serve in a particular field or career. ...

In this book review of The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, And The Collision Of Two Cultures, the account of a clash between two cultures, and the fate of a three year old epileptic Hmong girl will be discussed. The review cites the 1997 edition of the book published by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. All references in the review are from this edition. The goal of this review is to outline several of the book’s strengths and weaknesses, to explain the reviewer’s opinion of the book, and to lay out how ...

Introduction:

Medical marijuana requires legalization because it plays an essential role in the treatment of various diseases. Marijuana helps the patients to curb the high levels of pains without much side effects. It serves a very powerful pain reliever among the patients with no or little slide effects. Legalization of marijuana will help to cure high levels of pains during treatment by the medical doctors. Marijuana facilitates a safe and effective treatment of symptoms of various diseases as cancer, glaucoma, AIDS and multiple sclerosis among the patients. Marijuana also helps in the treatment of epileptic patients while undergoing a lot of pain. The ...

Book Report on “Brain on Fire: My Month of Madness” by Susannah Cahalan

Book written by Susannah Cahalan This report is based upon the autobiographical book “Brain on Fire: My Month of Madness,” written by Susannah Cahalan. Free Press, 2012, publishes this book.

Introduction of the Author

Susannah Cahalan is the author of the book, “Brain on Fire.” It is an autobiographical book of her. She presented her delirious ailment. When she was 24, she was suffering from serious mental illness. After her recovery, she described her pain and sufferings during her Month of madness. As a reporter, she could effectively present her ideas to get the attention of the readers.

Introduction of the Book

“Brain on Fire: My Month ...

King Tutankhamen was an Egyptian Pharaoh who ruled over Egypt for less than a decade. King Tut’s mummy was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter and George Herbert. How he died was completely baffling since there are no records about it. Various people have come up with hypotheses on how his death might have occurred. His mummy was found to have a missing heart, fractured ribs and leg and his whole body was burnt. He also had malaria when he died. Hutan Ashrafian, a British surgeon claims that the king might have had a form of epilepsy which targets the temporal ...

Spina bifida is a birth defect involving the incomplete development of the spinal cord or its coverings. Normally, it occurs towards the end of the first pregnancy a time when both sides of the embryo’s spine do not succeed to join together thereby resulting in an open area. There are also cases when the other membranes or the spinal cord may push through this opening in the back. This condition however is detectable before the baby is born and it can be treated right away. It is the most common of a group of defects known as neural tube defects which ...

Pituitary

The different functions performed by the anterior and posterior pituitary in terms of sex The anterior pituitary which is also known as the adenohypophysis, is basically an interior lobe (glandular) which alongside the posterior pituitary, makes up the pituitary gland. The posterior pituitary releases oxytocin which stimulates and smooth muscle contraction in the mammary glands and the uterus. The anterior pituitary on the other hand stimulates release of thyroid hormones, FSH and LH to stimulate sex cell production and release of sex hormones; it also stimulates sex cell production as well as secretes prolactin to stimulate milk production. ...

Introduction

People’s culture defines their ways of life and the activities they engage in daily. However, the culture of a group of people also determines the interactions they have with the society and the rhythm of life. It is easy for cultural differences to create a good rhythm in life when people learn to acknowledge the diversity as strength while some people may view it as a source of conflict in a society.“The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down “by Anne Fadiman is an example of how cultural differences affect the whole society in all aspects (Fadiman, 1998). However, when we ...

Should Marijuana be legalized in the United States? It is not only in the United States but also in other parts of the world where the plant has raised great debate because of its varied impacts on human health. It is seen as both medicinal and as well as an illicit drug. It is this fact raises conflicts as to whether there should be laws against the plant. Generally, it is observed that the drug has negative effects on human health. In this case, medicinal importance is overlooked. The paper will therefore go down into details to establish issues ...

Introduction

There have been serious challenges in the management of mental illness over years. Despite various campaigns that have targeted improving the management of this condition, there is still little public knowledge on impacts of untreated mental illness. The mental illness is characterized with various devastating conditions. Initially, loss of soberness emanates because of dementias, alcohol, drugs and head injuries. Schizophrenia is a major cause of severe psychosis, which distorts language comprehension, thinking and social behavior (Steinberg, 2012). Schizophrenic patients are usually not aware of the sickness hence do not seek any treatment and if undiagnosed one might think they are ...

There are nearly 5 million cases of epilepsy in the United States every year. The most common and serious form of status epilepticus occurs to people with no prior history of epilepsy. About 5% of adults and 10% to 25% of children will develop this disorder every year. Infants and elderly people are at more great risk of developing Status epilepticus yearly than others1. About 1.4% of white and 1.1% of black people will develop this disorder every year compared to 0.6% of Hispanic who will have a lower rate of such incidence. About 1.23% of women will develop ...

King Tutankhamun also known as King Tut was an Egyptian pharaoh who ruled between the period of 1334 and 1325 BC. He is believed to the 12th ruler of the 18th Dynasty of Egyptian history. His precious mummy discovered in 1922 in the Valley of Kings by Howard Carter and George Herbert first brought king Tutankhamun to light. His tomb filling with treasures gathered curiosity from all over the world. Before Howard Carter's discovery of Tutankhamun’s mummy, nothing was known about him. It is the discovery of Tutankhamun’s mummy that first made Tutankhamun and his lineage a subject ...

- What are the clinical differences between seizures and epilepsy? Seizure is characterized by hyperexcitation of brain neurons which results into spontaneous sensory interruptions, motor activity, and at times loss of consciousness. Epilepsy on its part is a neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. - Being a lifelong neurological condition, does epilepsy requires palliative or comfort care? Epilepsy is not curable but can easily be managed. Being a lifelong condition, it requires comfort care that improves the quality of life. - What are the comorbid conditions associated with epilepsy? The majority of patients with epilepsy also suffer ...

Introduction

Discrimination in the business place is an unethical practice yet it is a common tendency in the day to day operations in many businesses (Brown, 2007). It occurs in a variety of aspects, the most profound being discrimination against employees who in a way or another may have a competitive disadvantage working with an organization. In the past, discrimination settlements have cost some businesses huge sums of money as a result of litigation. Employees to a business may be discriminated against in various ways, for example, due to their situation (Elkhouly & Buda, 1997). I have a vivid example fresh in mind of my friend who was ...

Mechanism and Progress of Anti-Angiogenic Drugs

Cancers are one of the common and devastating conditions affecting human being for a long time. The landmarks and progress made in achieving consummate and effective drugs for the management of this conditions are worth mentioning. Researchers have embarked on finding solutions to the nagging issue of cancer among human beings, which are commonly based on the behavior of the mutant carcinogenic cells in the body. Understanding the environment that favor mutation and proliferation of mutate genes is a remarkable approach towards getting a long life solution. In this respect, it has been identified that targeting blood vessels development in a tumor tissue ...

[Author][Date][Course][Instructor]

Introduction

Art, whether it is performing arts or the visual, has very reflective and philosophical result on the human mind. Art has inspired and shaped thousands of years of the society, as made obvious by the countless galleries, museums, venues and theaters around the whole world to the present day. The art affects each person in a different way, which is true exquisiteness of the art. The art is performed by the artists. The artists have used different mediums as a mode to influence opinion of the people all through the history, for both gracious and crooked reasons. ...

Brain PET scans

Brain PET scans are imaging tests used to evaluate injury and disease in the brain pet scans are better than other imaging tests like magnetic imaging resonance and CT scans because they reveal the functioning of tissues of the brain. PET scans use radioactive materials called tracers. The tracer is injected through a vein in the elbow or may be inhaled as a gas. The tracer then circulates throughout the body and the patient has to wait for one hour for the tracer to be well circulated in the body. The person then lays onto a narrow table that then slides into a ...

Interpretative phenomenological analysis: mental Illness

Abstract There are various anomalous experiences reported as enhancing instead of showing poor mental health. The experiences are out of body where the person’s body and self are said to be phenomenologically separated. The objective of the study was to look into these experiences and their after effects. A phenomenological, idiographic, qualitative approach was used. Participants were three individuals who took part in face to face interviews that were semi structured. Interpretative phenomenological analysis found out that off body experiences occurred during personal significance times. They were linked to the lives of participants beyond the occurrence point ...

With the use of overly harsh rhetoric, many countries have come in the open to rebuke the use of marijuana within their borders. Marijuana is perhaps the most commonly abused illegal drug in the world with over sixty million Americans reportedly using the drug even in states where the drug has not yet been legalized. The use of cannabis can be traced back to several thousand years back and with every passing decade, as Thornton asserts, people have always identified new uses of different parts of the drug (65). By a careful consideration of the benefits and effects of marijuana ...

Background

Recent behavioral studies have shown the clinical relevance of meditation in the treatment of stress-related physiological and psychological illnesses. Kabat-Zinn et al. (1998) found that audio-induced mindfulness meditation reduced stress and increased the rate of healing of psoriatic lesions in patients with psoriasis. Krisanaprakornkit et al. (2006) reviewed a variety of meditation techniques on the effect of stress-related anxiety disorders and found that most meditation approaches can help patients self-regulate anxiety symptoms in a variety of anxiety conditions. In an extensive literature review comprising hundreds of studies conducted in the past 20 years, Jacobs (2001) also found that relaxation techniques and ...

Lobotomy defines a neurosurgical process, which is a psychosurgery also named leucotomy. This procedure involves cutting of the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex and the anterior part of the brain in the frontal lobes. This idea was pioneered by a Portuguese neurologist named Antonio Egas Moniz in 1935. He performed leucotomy, a brain operation, in a Lisbon hospital. This was the first leucotomy in treating mental illness. He drilled holes in the skull of the patient so as to gain entrance to the brain. The procedure became popular in treatment of serious mental illness including severe depression and schizophrenia. Additionally, the procedure ...

Anne Fadiman's 1997 novel The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures tells the story of a struggling Hmong family and their attempts to treat the epilepsy of their daughter Lia Lee. A tremendous culture conflict is presented within this work, as the American doctors cannot communicate with the family effectively, due to the language and culture barriers. One of the central conflicts between the American doctors and the Hmong is that the Hmong see epilepsy as something belonging to the divine, while the doctors only see it ...

Q1. What is the effect of VLSM therapy on state anxiety levels, as measured by the STAI?

Q2. What is the effect of VLSM therapy on perceived stress levels, as measured by the PSS? Research Method

This will be a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial designed to examine the effects of VLSM meditation therapy (Solfanelli, 2010) on state anxiety levels and perceived stress levels. As previously noted, state anxiety will be operationally defined as scores on Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), whereas stress will be operationally defined as scores on the Perceived Stress scale (PSS).

Audio-visual stimulation (AVS) ...

The debate on whether marijuana should be legalized has existed for a long time. However, people hold different views about the drug and this has made it difficult to come up with a concrete conclusion about the issue. It is true that the drug has negative effects to the people who use it and the society in general. Regardless of it being illegal, people have continued to use the drug. Even though the drug has its negative effects, the benefits that are derived from its use cannot be ignored. Legalizing marijuana can be advantageous to some extent. This research paper will ...

Marketing Ideas

Marketing or advertising products can be a little complicated. The prospective market should be able to sense the marketer or advertiser’s confidence, knowledge about the product he is trying to advertise. It is usually in this part where most people fail. They focus too much on their interpersonal and communication skills without realizing that detailed knowledge about their products is the real key to a successful marketing campaign. In this paper, three different products will be introduced. The objective is to present a discussion, identify the target market, benefits, and other necessary details of each product.

Pool Safety Net

Whenever a family decides to travel ...

Abstract

Digital media have influenced the way marketing by providing a range of channels through which potential customers can be reached. In the 21st century, digital media such as social networking sites have significantly influenced marketing by allowing marketers to interact with potential customers unlike in traditional media where companies did not get feedback or reviews on their products. Internet access through mobile phones has increased user activity in the online community, and this has caused marketers to increase advertising through the various websites. New forms of digital media like interactive television are likely to have an immense impact in the ...

Discuss in detail the mechanism of action of named antiepileptic agents with reference to the relative clinical success of a particular mechanism in the treatment of epilepsy Carbamazepine is a Sodium channel Blocker. It is the major first line antiepileptic drug. It is used for the treatment of partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Carbamazepine blocks sodium channels during rapid, sustained neuronal firing. It also prevents post-tetanic potentiation. Phenytoin is also another first-line drug for the treatment of partial and secondary generalized seizures. Its mechanism of action is to block the movement of ions through the sodium channels during ...

Anne Fadiman's 1997 novel The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures tells the story of a struggling Hmong family and their attempts to treat the epilepsy of their daughter Lia Lee. A tremendous culture conflict is presented within this work, as the American doctors cannot communicate with the family effectively, due to the language and culture barriers. One of the central conflicts between the American doctors and the Hmong is that the Hmong see epilepsy as something belonging to the divine, while the doctors only see it ...

Sexuality is part of the human condition. It is also intimately personal; this applies to everyone on the planet. It does not matter if you are on People Magazine’s list of The 10 Most Beautiful, physically disabled or mentality impaired. Individuals with disabilities experience sexual desires like everyone else. However, just the same way that a disability may affect diet and exercise, it can affect how a disabled person experiences their sexuality. It is important to remember though; sexuality just does not go away, no more than hunger and the need to eat. When I started going through the ...

Introduction

Wearable Electroencephalography is the resultant evolution of ambulatory Electroencephalogram EEG. Whereby, it is a typical noninvasive technique for taking measurements of brainwaves of a person. The technique is applied in diagnosis related to sleep disorder, epilepsy, and brain computer interfaces. It is made possible by placing the electrodes on the scalp whereby it senses the microvolt signals generated from neuronal activity that is being synchronized in the brain. The ambulatory EEG is bulky whereas the wearable Electroencephalography is small and can be worn on the head. In this paper we are going to focus on the wearable EEG technology unearthing ...

Anne Fadiman's 1997 novel The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures tells the story of a struggling Hmong family and their attempts to treat the epilepsy of their daughter Lia Lee. A tremendous culture conflict is presented within this work, as the American doctors cannot communicate with the family effectively, due to the language and culture barriers. One of the central conflicts between the American doctors and the Hmong is that the Hmong see epilepsy as something belonging to the divine, while the doctors only see it ...