Status Literature Reviews Samples For Students

The Effect of Social Status and Gender on Realization of Refusal of Suggestion among Iranian EFL Intermediate Learners

The dependence associated with both practical and discovered strategies about the refusal of proposal among people sharing distinct social status and gender have been an issue of concern to many researchers. Therefore, research was carried out among the Iranian intermediate level students to understand the strategies used and their application, based on gender and social status. The paper covers an article review on the above issue. The report for reconsideration bears the title” The Effect of Social Status and Gender on Realization of Refusal of Suggestion among Iranian EFL Intermediate Learners”.
The primary theme and idea of the research ...

Socioeconomic status can be divided into many different sections. Some argue that it is only divided based on education, because this leads to certain occupations and a base income. These factors alone, some believe will influence one’s socioeconomic status. Moreover, some believe that the education one attains, and the socioeconomic status one rises to as a result of their education, may or may not have an impact on their obesity. Essentially, some studies show there is a relationship between education, socioeconomic status, and the level of obesity in today’s population, stating that how smart you are dictates how fat you ...

Background

Everyone feels hunger especially when there is not much food left to eat. This is a common scenario in third world and developing countries. At some point, hunger could also be seen even in developed and industrialized countries such as the U.S, Japan, and other prosperous countries in Europe. Whenever one feels hunger, it simply means that it is time to eat. But what if there is simply not enough food to eat or worse, there is nothing to eat at all? In that case, that person’s body, although still starving, will try to compensate by turning the body’ ...

Introduction

The rate of academic performance is influenced by various factors surrounding the student one of them being their socioeconomic status. According to a series of research studies conducted on the factors affecting the students’ performance status, the social and economic status was ranked as the highest contributor to low performance. Other factors such as peer pressure, school size, student role performance, as well as the relationship between the teachers and the student, also influence the student performance score. As a result of supporting the students with low social and economic status, the federal government usually provides funding that is used for ...

The society creates the various gender roles and as a result, with time, these roles are viewed as the appropriate behavior of a person. Learning and life experiences help develop gender roles. The idea of femininity and masculinity not only prevails in the present times but also in the Victorian era. Although gender construction can be defined by biological factors, a larger convection believes that gender is socially constructed. Therefore, gender is a social construct as the society is responsible for determining what characterizes a particular sex and the subjects act by those characteristics.
Feminism refers to the nature ...

ABSTRACT.

Poverty is in its own a culture and a socio-economic class, which traps individuals in a vicious cycle that are hard to break. Education plays a crucial role in breaking this cycle, but under normal circumstances achieving while faced with this calamity is a challenge. Teachers working with students from low economic backgrounds face the consequences of the culture of poverty, which goes to the extent of failing their state tests. Working with such students needs an understanding of poverty, and what they can do to address their literacy needs. This study provides a review on education achievements and poverty in order to examine the ...

The demographic profile

As it has been indicated by Kumar et al (2014) in the scope of their study, the lion share of the statistical data on demographic profile of epilepsy from both developed and developing countries may be referred as a retrospective one. It means that there is an insignificant number of the studies, which pertain to the selected age group – children in the current realities of the 21st century (Garzon et al 237-245).
As it was indicated by Garzon et al (2003), the core limiting factor in this case is the access to the professional health care services in the ...

Introduction

Racism is the ideology of racial inferiority/superiority at the individual, cultural, or institutional level that influences the perceptions and behavior of members of different racial groups towards others (Pieterse et al., 2011; Hoyt Jr., 2012). Research on the issue of racial prejudice has led to the association of perceived racism with poor psychological well being and psychological stress. Racism is an important concern in the present society due to the current prevalence of fatal violence against African Americans on the streets and even in church. It raises questions on the true incidence and impact of racial prejudice in the ...

Introduction

Pregnancy is a milestone characterized by changes in many aspects of women’s lives in ways that can promote or undermine health. It is important for women to cope successfully and be healthy from conception through birth and beyond to achieve the best health outcomes for them and their newborns. Adequate physical activity has many health benefits and should be continued throughout pregnancy. Programs that promote exercise help pregnant women initiate and maintain greater physical activity and a healthier lifestyle. Such programs must consider the unique characteristics, circumstances, and health status of gravid women to be appropriate and effective. Using guidelines ...

Why Youth Joins Gangs?

The number of youth joining Gangs is increasing day by day. The public is concerned about the involvement of youth in the gangs and also the violence associated with their activities is being increased. Being in a gang is highly related to the delinquent behavior. Youth joins gangs because they experience certain pulls pertaining to the attractiveness of the gangs like gang membership can enhance their prestige or status among friends, they can make money etc. Thus, youth personal advantage in gang membership. There can be numerous reasons for why youth join gangs like parental/family influences, poverty/socio-economic status, neighborhood ...

According to Dekun Zheng (1983), China has been one of Asia’s most distinguished countries, and it has been known to have a class structure which has divided it into two Chinas. The upper class and the rural class has had clear demarcations in the country. The upper class of the Chinese civilization has enjoyed a luxurious lifestyle which has been visible from their expenditure, way of living and spending. Moreover, the author mentions the importance of gaining a classical education, which has been important to the Chinese upper class that helped them rise above the rural class of ...

Divorce cannot but influence children on the part of their psychological and thus physical state. It has harmful effects on young children, as well as on adolescents. These effects the person feels the whole life. However, there are short-time and long-time effects of parental divorce. This paper is a literature review, which observes some articles concerning the divorce effects on children.

Becoming Stronger at Broken Places

The article Becoming Stronger at Broken Places: A Model for Group Work with Young Adults from Divorced Families written by Sally M. Hage and Mia Nosanow particularly deals with long-term effects that divorce have on children. These effects ...

IRON SUPPLEMENTATION DURING PREGNANCY

Iron Supplementation during Pregnancy
Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for adverse maternal and perinatal care. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 56 million pregnant women globally get affected with anemia, which is associated with iron deficiency. The large group of pregnant women affected with iron deficiency are mostly the poor and most vulnerable, especially those living in developing countries like South-east Asia. They have insufficient iron to meet the increased iron needs both for them and the foetus. According to Staff (2013), approximately 29% of the pregnant women experience iron depletion.
Iron is vital ...

Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an infection which often develops as a result of poor handling of mechanical ventilation. Such as, poor nursing practice in caring for patients with difficulty in breathing can lead to microorganisms entering patient’s body through a tube inserted especially via mouth and nose of the patient. When these microorganisms get into the respiratory system they cause lung infection which is referred to as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). In preventing this infection, it is important that nurses adopt best practices to reduce the incidence of VAP and provide quality care that is aimed at improving the ...

Literature Review

Sexuality and gender are social constructs, which may differ depending on the norms of society (Reis & Carothers, 2014). In a heterocentric society, certain attributes are reserved to describe either male or female individuals, with characteristics such as aggressive and strong being relegated to males and women being considered as more caring and emotional (Reis & Carothers, 2014). However, not all individuals fit neatly within the categories dictated by society and the challenges of individuals who are treated as “outliers” of society’s norm can be overwhelming, leading to emotional and physical distress, bullying, and social inequalities that have the ability to impact ...

Literature Review

Literature Review

Briefly, describe the purpose and the main outcome of this study?

The purpose of this study was to constitute a rather unique DNA methylation analysis of concerning the very point’s humanity at a single-nucleotide resolution level. The outcome of this particular study consisted of original data generated from the cord plasma of a neonatal male Caucasian- NB and from centenarian, 103-y-old male Caucasian- Y103 by means of DNA removed from CD4+ T cells administered through an Illumina Genome Analyzer. Methodically, the use of the Illumina, Human Omni5-Quad Bead Chip, that of which covered 4,301,332 SNPs, validated the nonexistence of aneuploidy inside the examples studied.
Factually, there were ...

Introduction

Many a times parents do not realize that their attitudes towards their children is affecting them seriously, which results in impulsive and irrational behavior leading to dangerous consequences. The difference in adolescent behavior can be observed but without the knowledge of the reasons as to why such behaviors are escalating, both parents and teachers are unable to solve them. Hence it is important to study the reasons of such behaviors so that we understand how these individual differences affect children and be able to manage such erupting behavior problems.
Moreover, it is important to identify children and parents who ...

Factors that Influence Purchasing Relationship in Automobile Industry of China

Introduction
The USA, Western Europe, and Japan markets for the automobiles are almost stagnating causing an increased attention and concern to the world automotive industry. They have turned their interest in China market for cars. This is associated with the fast growing economy in China unlike that of European nations and the USA. The Chinese market for cars is indeed the turning point for all auto companies. The environment is conducive to start production in China to supply the potential markets and then export from there to other world markets. This literature will focus on the purchasing relationship in ...

Being a fan of action movies, I have had many chances to see different films by Arnold Schwarzenegger, which gave me the urge to outsource for more of his information. Arnold is a person with a superstar or celebrity status in the community, and he lives a life that needs him to behave as a role model, unlike if he was not in the movie industry. The character is highly respected and must always be prepared for exposure to publicity and criticism whenever something small happens in his ways of life.
There is a difference between the blue and ...

Several businesses have been adopting the use of social media. Professionals view social media as an initiative that can undertake to increase the interest of individuals on particular products or services. In the recent past, the web and internet have brought about considerable changes in business and culture. Several investors in India have been up to the task in implementing new technologies in marketing of their products and services (Pande, 2008, 17, 22, pp. 96-100). The most promiscuous utilities majorly used in the marketing of these products and serves include Blogs, Facebook and Twitter.
The social media is ...

Introduction

Since the dawn of human civilization annihilation of millions of people has been occurring. After the two World Wars, this annihilation took place through many civil wars fought within the nations all over the world. The Genocide or the mass killing of a particular ethnic group has been a common phenomenon in civil wars. In 1990s, the Kashmiri Hindus were expelled by Muslim terrorists through severe massacre. The question is whether mass massacre is the answer to any problem. There is a universal agreement that genocide is immoral and unethical (Jones, 1999). Still even after the horrified consequences of ...

Members of the elderly population experience a lot of negative changes in the body. The negative changes that they encounter are often related to aging and the degeneration-related physiologic changes associated with it, this was supported by a set of guidelines on malnutrition authored by Mauldin & Kelley. In this paper, the author discusses the different tenets of malnutrition, including the causes, of malnutrition among the elderly, drawing data and evidences from previously published studies.
It is not atypical for members of the allied medical fields, especially nurses, to encounter cases of elderlies experiencing malnourishment. In a study published in ...

Types of Social Challenges Faced By Indian Students in Melbourne Tertiary Universities

Overview of existing research
Whereas there have been worrying acts of hostility, Australia is commonly considered an excellent practice country in its international student experiences, migration policies, and assimilation of people from diverse backgrounds. Despite a normally upbeat track record, room and chance for improvement are always there, as recent shortcomings in the experiences of international students in Australia indicate.
Recently, foreign students living in Australia have been physically attacked and in fact murdered. Victimization is a shameful and painful experience and must not be condoned in any institutional arrangement or public policy, yet, it still happens even in ...

The play, ‘The Importance of Being Earnest' by Oscar Wilde which is a ludicrous comedy where we are shown people running away from their community commitments. There is a lot of satire that has been brought out by the writer in most marriages. In some marriages, people are concerned about the name and advantages that come with it. Some look for wealth while the others aim is nobility that is associated with their counterparts (Hörz, Stefanie 94). Jack opted to propose to Gwendolen at the absence of her mother and her cousin, Algernon. However, Gwendolen is not ready to accept ...

Captive Breeding of Marine Mammals: Challenges and Mitigating Measures

Introduction
The growing demand to sustain the current lifestyle of the human population puts an added strain to the natural resources of the world. The increase in the exploitation of tropical forests and marine communities leads to a series of habitat destruction thereby leaving thousands of species of both terrestrial and marine animal homeless (Soule et al., 1986). Since 1986, there are already about nineteen percent and nine percent of the world’s mammals and birds respectively that are bread by zoos as per the International Zoo Yearbook Census. Based on the International Species Inventory System, there are about ...

#1. Julien Sorel adored Napoleon, he wanted to become something like the great leader. During this time, his love was divided, he wanted to follow the footsteps of his hero, Napoleon, yet he wanted to also be a prominent figure in society. Being only a carpenter’s son, his status was not much. During this time, the only way you could gain power was to be part of the church. This was because the Catholic church was just restored in France at the time. In training to become a priest, he took another job, as the tutor of the mayor’s children. ...

Abstract

Tuberculosis, better known as TB, is an infectious disease that affects the global community. Its incidence rate has been significant in the New Zealand region where the disease is considered to be pandemic and has accrued a significant burden on the healthcare system for its demands on timely diagnosis and treatment. Although a decline of its incidence in New Zealand was noted, such decline halted sometime in the 1980’s and the rate of incidence becomes consistent thereafter and it remains to be an apparent health problem in the region which is highly associated with migration issues and other factors that ...

Introduction

Aggression is hostile behavior aimed at causing physical or psychological harm. Aggression can be indirect or direct, verbal or physical and active or passive.
There are several social factors that cause aggression. These factors include media violence, Stereotype and social identity, threat Collective narcissism, Status, competition and mating motives personal characteristics, cultural factors direct provocation and frustration among others.

When an individual watches media, observational learning takes place. This brings the indication that excessive exposure to media violence increases probability of any individual to behave aggressively. (Barbara etal, 2010). Metaanalysis and reviews have indicated that this effect is ...

Introduction

Recent history, more so, the frequency of economic downturns over the past few decades, has championed the fact that college education is indeed a necessity towards social as well as economic advancement (Hughes, Serebryanikova, Donaldson &Leveritt, 2011). As more people focus on attaining college education, there are challenges that come to light. One of the most prevalent challenge being scarcity of economic means towards establishing direction towards setting out a brighter future path to greater success and opportunity for those from needy family backgrounds (Rondeau, 2007). Without a doubt, tuition fees present needy college students with the largest expense. ...

Introduction to the literature review

Working mothers have called for UAE companies to be more flexible. They want companies to establish flexitime, a system that allocates the number of hours a woman would work in a week. For a long period, Emirati mothers have always dedicated their child-rearing duties to their nannies. The flexitime is said to help women balance between home and work responsibilities. In situations where women are expected to work for longer hours, they are constrained to perform domestic roles. According to Khoori (2015), the new system guarantees job satisfaction and improved productivity in the workplace. There are numerous uncertainties associated ...

Introduction

Suicide is a challenging event that effects an individual’s assumption about the value and meaning to life. In recent years, Aboriginal people throughout Canada have had a higher suicide rate than the general population. “The overall Canadian rate has declined, while in some Aboriginal communities and population, rates have continued to rise for the last two decades” (Andersson, 2011). Suicide is especially predominate in Aboriginal youth. From the ages of ten to twenty-nine, Aboriginal youth are five to six times more likely to commit suicide than youth in the general population. Furthermore, over one-third of the deaths among ...

Introduction:

In modern life divorce has become a usual thing for many people though it is a tragic experience for almost all members of a family. About 50% of first marriages in the United States end in divorce and rates increase up to 60% among those who get married for the second time. Patrick F. Fagan and Aaron Churchill insist that divorce damages society and " consumes social and human capital". They have named several ways in which divorce can influence both certain individuals and society, they include increase of crime and drug use, drop of one's earning capacity, decrease of ...

Jane Austen is one of the most well known writers to come out of the nineteenth century and one of the most recognized female writers of all time. She is revered as a literary influence and many of her works are studied in English classes all throughout North America. She is part of the romanticism era of literature, and many of her works focus on the lives of people in upper-class Britain. One of her most well-known novels is Pride and Prejudice and this stands as a classic piece of literature from the nineteenth century. It is essential to ...

Literature review (THE BIG IDEA: GOOD, FALL, RESTORATION)

Many qualitative and quantitative researches have been carried out to understand the performance of Pacific students at tertiary institutions, particularly at universities in Australia and New Zealand. Much of the data was collected on Polynesian Pacific students studying in those two countries. However, Pacific students covered a much broader scope than Polynesia. They (Pacific students) came from three major divisions of the pacific, namely Melanesia (eg. Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu) Polynesia (eg. Tonga, Samoa, Cook Islands) and Micronesian (eg. Kiribati, Niue). Studies done on Polynesia had some common themes that can be extrapolated into understanding Melanesia ...

Drug consult on “citalopram, methylphenidate, or their combination in geriatric depression” in a “randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial” (Lavrestsky et al. 2015, 561).
Elderly patients with symptoms of depression do not show responses as strong as younger patients to anti-depressants. Lavretsky et al. (2015) note that antidepressant therapies are commonly used to alleviate geriatric depression but many geriatric patients “chronic course or relapse frequently after periods of improvement” (561). The quality of life of elderly patients with depression is often greatly reduced because of cognitive impairment (561). The sufferers may exhibit a low response to treatment, difficulty functioning with essential ...

Abstract

Given the significance of the corporate social responsibility in the contemporary society, the author in the paper focuses on the role of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the obtaining the higher volume of profit and attract new investors. In addition, the author dwells on the elements of CRS and its influence over the attitude of the consumers to the companies if they are focused at the deliberation of the CSR policy. The paper contains the brief literature review that presents the main findings of the researches engaged in the examination of the framework of the CSR. This review ...

World Englishes

The concept of World Englishes has been receiving a lot of attention since the past few years. This literature review presents some of the recent studies that were focused on this topic.
The local forms of English that gets developed because of the local language blended with English, which eventually turns into the standard language of a particular society or a religion, are defined as World Englishes. Also, the terms ‘World English’ & ‘World Englishes’ are different from each other. While the term ‘World English’ denotes English language as a lingua franca (ELF), the term ‘World Englishes’ is something which ...

Tony Morrison, born Chloe Anthony Wofford, is a celebrated African American author. Born in 1931 in Lorain Ohio, she showed a proclivity for literature. Despite this, she studied humanities instead of literature at both Cornell University and Howard University . After this, she began a distinguished academic career, eventually working for Yale, Scribner, and many other distinguished establishments. Eventually she became one of the most memorable writers in American history.
When Morrison was born, she was the second of four children. Her parents were working-class minorities; it was likely nobody assumed she was grow up to be one of the ...

Backgrounnd

In today's political climate, much discussion centers around the facts of marijuana policy in national discussions and debates. On the one hand are the scientific and medical policy discussion which consider continuously whether marijuana is in fact detrimental to your health or whether there are some if any benefits. On the other side of the fence are the social policy wonks who argue continuously over marijuana policy and its legal status in contemporary American jurisprudence. Marijuana legalization discussions are not simply a question of whether the law should permit the use and possession of marijuana (however, this is one ...

Oral health presents a significant public health problem that affects every group in the human population. Typically, children with poor oral health tend to show an undesirable oral health outcome throughout their childhood and adulthood because people are constantly susceptible to the development of dental caries during their lifetimes (Kawashita, Kitamura, & Saito, 2011). Past investigations have reported that oral health is linked to numerous health issues. Dental caries in childhood, for instance, increases the risk of comorbid maladies like cardiovascular disease and diabetes (Kawashita et al., 2011). The World Health Organization (2015) recognizes the significant impact of oral health ...

Definitions of Terms

A supermarket is a big type of grocery store that offers self-services. It has diverse varieties of household and food items that are organized into walkways. The size is larger and wider than grocery store, but it is smaller and more restricted in the choice of commodities they sell than a hypermarket (Blythe, 2008). A discounter is a smaller type of supermarket that offers its services and products under a subsidized price as compared to the indicated process. The services however are like those initiated at the supermarket the only difference coming into play through prices. A customer under the supermarket and discounter ...

Immigration Modernization Act of 2013

Introduction
The Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013, technically known as, S.744 is an immigration bill introduced by Senator Charles Schumer and co-sponsored by seven others of ‘Gang of Eight’ in 2013 ("S.744: An Act" 2013). This bill tries to overhaul the century old immigration act by proposing major changes in the areas of border security, immigrant visa, interior enforcement, and reforms to non-immigrant visa programs. Some believe that if this bill is not passed by the Congress, it would result in a stalemate with a problem of broken immigration system already prevailing in the USA. ...

Literature Review:

In order to recognize the right of people to seek asylum from persecution in another country, the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was introduced in order to determine refugee rights, state responsibility and refugee protection. The Convention was lauded for establishing a system for refugee protection, however, experts have divided opinions with its continuous use in the 21st century. There are experts stressing the need to repeal the Convention due to its outdated, inconsistent and limited nature. Other experts argued that the Convention should be retained due to the possibility of revitalizing the reform and the concessions ...

Introduction

Education is sought for by almost everyone in this world. The reason for this is that the majority of the people think that it is only through education that they can improve their lives, especially in the social and economic perspective. It is due to this perspective, however, that the real purpose of education becomes unrealized. This was the main theme of the seminar of David Helfand entitled “Undergraduate Education for the New Millenium: Starting From Scratch,” which can be viewed in YouTube. As I reflect on the said seminar, I have felt a certain degree of guilt, and at ...

How does the narrator’s point of view affect the story?

John Updike’s famous short story “A & P”, first published in 1961, remains a much-anthologized story. Updike chooses as his protagonist and first-person narrator Sammy, who works as a check-out clerk at his small town’s A & P store. By narrating events from Sammy’s point of view and characterizing Sammy as he does, Updike makes the events in the story credible and justified to the reader. Therefore, the choice of Sammy’s point of view affects not only the story itself and what happens in it, but it also has a profound effect on our response as readers.
Updike characterizes ...

Abstract

Ginkgo Biloba extract is widely used by older adults as a cognitive enhancer although efficacy studies show inconsistent results. A review was done of three quantitative studies with the hypothesis that once-daily use of Ginkgo Biloba does not help improve the memory of adults aged 50 years or older. One article was a clinical trial on the differences in electrical activity in the brain when Ginkgo Biloba or placebo is used during a working memory test. The second article is also a clinical trial that determined the efficacy of Ginkgo Biloba in reducing cognitive and therefore memory decline in patients with early-stage dementia. ...

Chapter 2 – Literature Review

Chapter II
The Review of the Related Literature
Introduction
During the past decades, breakthroughs in the study of Vitamin D and findings pointing to its importance in maintaining health have been made. Apart from the found importance of Vitamin D in human skeletal development, further evidence is attributing the benefits of adequate Vitamin D to the development of other tissues in the body. In addition, the prior belief regarding the amount of Vitamin D needed in the body was changed encompassing new findings that the human body needs more Vitamin D than usually thought (Holick, 2004). ...

Chapter 1 Literature Review

CHAPTER 1

Introduction
During the past decades Vitamin D deficiency had become a major health concern among many Asian countries. Even countries where the sun shines all year round Vitamin D deficiency is still prevalent. This problem is attributed to the dietary factors, inadequate exposure to sunlight and skin pigmentation among Asian people. In terms of skin pigmentation, the majority of Asian inhabitants have highly pigmented skin. Although high skin pigmentation it is generally beneficial because pigmentation reduces the penetration of ultra-violet rays it can also reduces the production of building blocks required to produce Vitamin D. In Saudi ...

There are multiple faces and variances of feminism nowadays, differentiating both geographical as well as cultural (Dunand Zimmerman, 2013). The western feminism comprises the values of the developed and partly developing countries, whereas the African and Asian feminism comprises the values of these societies, where besides gender, race is another element that defines women and the feminism discourse (Dunand Zimmerman, 2013). But in practice things are much more complex than this simply structured formulation of localized feminism. Looking at the Islamic Asian countries, for instance, there can be observed great differences between women’s condition in Turkey or Egypt, ...

In developmental psychology, there has always been a question, “how do new skills come to infants and where do they come from?” Some believe that new skills develop from prior accomplishments; others feel as one skill disappears, the new one quickly appears; some others believe that the skills are based on physical similarity - where old and new skills are similar in form. However, most widely believed theory is the shared psychological function where the old and the new skills rely on the same underlying psychological mechanisms with an objective to achieve the same goals.
We have summarised below ...

This literature review embraces an analysis of gastric bypass in relation to alterations that can occur within the body after surgery and follow up care needed to avoid them. Precisely, an account of nutritional adjustments; implications for anemia; vitamin deficiencies, and malabsorption tendencies will be uncovered. In concluding recommendations and implications for evidence based practice will be discussed.

Nursing: Gastric Bypass Literature Review

Introduction
Subtopics chosen for this literature review exploration are nutritional considerations; anemia complication; vitamin deficiencies and malabsorption tendencies. Eight articles have been selected to describe these interests in the surgical intervention under scrutiny. They are ‘Nutritional Considerations after Bariatric Surgery’ ...

The first step in prioritizing healthcare resources is to estimate the burden of disease. High-income countries have reliable systems to assess the causes of death in the population; however, mid- and low-income countries do not have such systems in place, and mortality rates from a specific disease have to be extrapolated from incomplete data. Several studies have approached the problem of estimating the burden of disease by using a variety of methods to determine which diseases are responsible for the most deaths, which countries are carrying the highest burden of disease and death, and which populations are at the highest risk ...

Abstract / Summary

This Literature Review is formulated with the intention to assess the dangers surrounding the detection of tar and nicotine content, specifically utilizing High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Also other methods to measure and evaluate the importance of these substances from a researcher's viewpoint. Attention will be primarily focused on HPLC as an important method to be utilized. Focus will also be directed at other methods used, such as taking blood samples to measure the effects of tar and nicotine. This Literature Review acknowledges the limitations of research as there are many risks regarding cigarette smoking that are relatively unknown. Moreover, ...

INTRODUCTION

Throughout the world, education is linked with income in the minds of many, particularly as they arm their children for the challenges of life. Getting a college degree is often equated with getting a better job and making more money; this is often the impetus behind pursing higher education for many people in industrialized countries throughout the world. However, is this true? Is there a correlation between the level of education one has and the amount of money they make? The following examines the literature available on the subject to gain an understanding of the pervading wisdom of academic professionals on the ...

Literature Review:

Factors and predictors of persistent lesion (positive hr-HPV DNA test or abnormal cytology) after treatment of high grade cervical intraepithelial Neoplasia with large loop excision of transformation zone (LLETZ)
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Introduction

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary factor that increases the risk of the cervical cancer development and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in the uterine cervix (Soderlund-Strand et al., 2014). Approximately 150 diverse types of HPV have been discovered, and most of them are carcinogenic. Persistent infections of high-risk HPV must lead to the development of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2 and 3), and ...

Introduction

Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy is a physical disability that results from damage to the brain during development that negatively impacts the functional development of children14. Characteristics of cerebral palsy include an inability to control the body’s motor functioning with a potential to affect speech, learning, environmental exploration, and the skills required for independent living. In addition, these patients have delays in reaching milestones for gross motor development with problems moving such as weakness, spasticity, and impaired selective motor control27. Children born with the disability have varying levels of impairment, and while it usually develops by age three, it ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Substance abuse is one of the most harmful phenomena of a society. It can also be considered as substance-related disorder, and is related to abuse of drugs, tobacco, and/or alcohol that can lead to harmful outcomes. Estimates show that over 8 million children in the U.S. have one of the parents having substance-related disorder. Substance abuse can result in significant problems in a family as, for example; it can lead to separation of partners, problems in raising the children, employment problems, and severe levels of conflict in the society (Donohue et al., 2014).
It has been ...

Overview: Overview: Antigen-antibody reactions are commonly used in immunological assays. In a traditional agglutination assay, the end product is a visible antibody-antigen complex that settles as visible particulate matter in the solution. In other cases, the reaction is invisible and wants the use of a specific enzyme or isotopic probes that can amplify the signal created by the antigen-antibody reaction, so that they can be detected with the naked eye or an ELISA/RIA reader1. Hemagglutination is a visible antigen -antibody assay in which soluble antibodies react with antigen on the surface of (red blood cell) RBC to form a ...

2.0 Introduction
As identified in the first chapter of the dissertation, this study will seek to examine the elements of luxury goods positioning and branding. This will aim at examining the cultural settings in purchasing these luxury products in the British and Kazakhstani contexts. This literature review will analyse authoritative sources and ground-breaking definitions that relate to core concepts and theories in the area of luxury fashion and branding.
2.1 Positioning Strategies for Luxury Brands
“Brand vision and the culture, personality relationships and presentation are key components of corporate branding that builds brand identity” . Luxury fashion and products are ...

Abstract

Eye movement tracking and analysis has gained popularity as a critical tool for evaluating interfaces and visual display. Existing tools and methods that are used in analyzing scan paths and eye movements are to a greater extent limited in the nature of tasks that they support. In particular, the tools used have been found ineffective in tracking large amounts of data that has high variations. Eye movement analysis has been used in psychology, medical research, advertising, and cognitive science. Today, using CCTV cameras, human eye gaze, and eye movement and blinking is relatively recorded with ease and with high ...