Individual Research Papers Samples For Students

Outline
1. It is a scientifically proven fact that everyone dreams; however, why people dream remain unresolved.
2. Different theories explain why people dream; Sigmund Freud dream theory, Carl Jung's Theory, Alfred Adler theory, Calvin S. Hall, and Fredrick Perls theory of dreams.
3. Sigmund Freud's Theory on Dreams suggests that people dream because of the activities that they do throughout the day together with their wishes.
4. The id, ego and super ego form part of an individual’s brain.
5. Sigmund Freud's theory of id, ego and super ego, notes that people dream as defense mechanism due Continue reading...

Individual Income Tax (North Carolina)

Individual Income Tax (North Carolina)
Personal income tax or individual income tax refers to the levied tax on personal income. Here, individual refers to a person, non-juristic body of person, an ordinary person or an individual estate. For an individual to be liable for personal income tax, one has to compute file tax returns, compute tax liability as well as pay the indicated tax as according to the calendar of the year. The individual tax income differs in different states with each state having its own rights of running the tax provided by its residents. This research would look Continue reading...

INTRODUCTION

In the recent years the importance of collaborative group testing for improvement of students’ abilities has become even more crucial. It is emphasized that group testing may benefit both high- and low-performing students. Actually, the value of traditional exams is overestimated because students usually have individual tasks. Moreover, delayed feedback may lead students into misunderstanding of their mistakes. However, it would be more effectively to discuss individual answers after exam.
Giuliodori M.J., Lujan H.L., DiCarlo S.E. ran collaborative group testing to demonstrate that high- and low-performing students may benefit from appropriately hold group testing and improve their retention abilities ( Continue reading...

Introduction

The concept of Medicare indicates the support the US government provides to people above the age of 65, younger people who have certain disabilities, and people who suffer from End-Stage Renal Disease. There are four services that are offered via the Medicare program of the government. Medicare Part A is also known as hospital insurance. Part A of the Medicare program caters for the concerned individual’s hospital stays along with adequate nursing facility, and health care facilities at the patient’s residence. Medicare Part B is the medical insurance that the patient gets. As a result of medical Continue reading...

Learning transfer

The skills and knowledge that are gained in class are meant to be applied in performance of duties. When an individual learns some skills in one context, that individual is required to perform duties applying the skills learnt in another similar context. This is why employees may be moved from one position to another and also from one region to another. The application of knowledge and skills that have been gained in one context in another context is what is known as transfer learning (Leberman, 2006). When students have gained knowledge in class, they are required to perform some Continue reading...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Throughout the history of psychological discovery, psychologists have proposed many ideas. One such theory, named by Herbert Blumer, is referred to as Social Interactionist Theory. Through the work of Blumer, as well as the efforts of George Herbert Mead, Blumer’s teacher, and Mead’s cohort, Charles Horton Cooley, the trio was able to devise an idea that explained our social selves and the world we inhabit. Unlike psychologists before them, Mead and Cooley attempted to explain human development and interaction as it occurred in small groups, rather than attaching people as one single unit. The theory also attempted Continue reading...

Although Taoism has principles as any philosophy or religion, these are not strict, as they are subjected to the customization. As there are over 6.5 billion individuals in the world, there could also be 6.5 billion ways to practice it, because everybody can understand it and practice it differently, teaching the others what they have learned about Taoism and in the same time absorbing the Taoism knowledge from others (“Taoism 101: Introduction to the Tao”). Therefore, by its nature, Taoism focuses on individual, having the purpose of enlightening him, putting him in harmony with himself and with the surrounding Continue reading...

How does culture shape our collective identity?

Culture is explained as a set of beliefs, norms, values, customs, skills, roles, knowledge, diet, dress and language and certain other components which people acquire and adhere to follow a certain path to live life as per acceptable terms in the society. Culture is passed from previous generations due to an outcome of socialization. Eminent philosopher Charles Taylor explains that identity is formed by means of either the absence of recognition or recognition and may be applicable to discrepancies and similarities at the same time (Persson, 43). This is done by recognizing an individual by either similar of different Continue reading...

Abstract

The subjects of the stages and the definition of crisis will be explored in this research paper. A type of crisis and an interventions strategy will be applied. The story of Mark who is a student that is having problems with binge drinking will be applied. The multicultural perspectives that are applied in crisis intervention and the ethical considerations will be explored. These perspectives will be explored from the contributions of Baldwin (1978), Beck (2010), Fairchild (1997), Flannery and Everly (2000), Gilliland and James (1993), Hendrix et al. (2003), Hendrix- Ferguson (2000), James and Gilliland (2013), Roberts (2000), Rueveni ( Continue reading...

RESEARCH PAPER ON EXERCIES ADHERENCE

Introduction
Exercise adherence among various individuals is always different depending on the commitment and the zeal to maintain a healthy exercise program for a prolonged period of time. The need to maintain an exercise program for a longer period of time varies from one individual to another as revealed by a group of different people at different age groups in the world today. Issues of sedentary diseases have increased the need to maintain a proper exercise program which is coupled with a healthy eating habit among different individuals. This research paper seeks to find out the level of exercise Continue reading...

Occupational therapy is the application of treatment techniques in order to recover, maintain, or develop working skills and daily living of patients with developmental, metal or physical conditions. This paper seeks to compare and contrast two theories of occupational therapy. This is in order to enhance the understanding of the underlying similarities and differences within these two theories. Occupational therapy treatment techniques aim at teaching the skill, adapting the environment, educating the patient, or teaching the skill so as to boost the level of involvement in performance of daily actions.
The theory of Person Environment Occupational Model was developed Continue reading...

When a child is born, he or she gets to the world with no principles, social values, beliefs as well as conduct. However, the situation changes with time. As he or she starts to grow and comes to his or her senses at the advancement of age he or she understands the society he or she was born in and develops an interest in understanding the values and principles that govern the society. A child is likely to behave like the members of the family in which he or she has been born. This means that the society influences Continue reading...

Described variously as the dire lack of deep emotions, psychopathy is a personality disorder found in various sections of society. The belief that Psychopaths are only found behind prison walls and rehabilitation institutions is a serious misconception. On the contrary, finding a Psychopath in the boardroom is equally probable as finding the Psychopath in a state penitentiary (Wynn 259). The major explanation behind this observation is the fact that every person is obsessed with power, domination and control. Such desires are likely to make an individual lose the empathic considerations an average human being is expected to have for Continue reading...

Abstract

Psychology is one of the most interesting fields in the world. Most of the issues discussed in the field of psychology involve the activities of mind and this includes the power of reasoning and being rational. Psychology tends to explain human behavior and the reason why different people will behave differently even in similar situations. The aspect of self disclosure is one that has been explained through the definition and elaboration of different schools of thought in psychology. Personality is another important aspect highlighted in the field of psychology as it plays an important role as well in determining Continue reading...

Motivation pertains to what drives an individual to do or not to do something. It is what pushes an individual to perform. Happy and content people are the way they are because they have already accepted the drawbacks in life, and are ready to face and resolve the issues. There are various reasons an individual remains motivated, which could range from positive to negative. Regardless of reason, badly wanting to achieve something is what separates achievers from underachievers. Therefore, motivation is the power that initiates action, directs an individual towards his goal, and sustains goal-oriented behaviors.
According to Cherry ( Continue reading...

Introduction

Influence models are frameworks that can be used within organizations to impact on employees to improve the efficiency and performance of the organization. Models of influence can also be referred to as models of intervention. Intervention models are designed to mobilize human and capital resources whenever there is a need to restructure the organization to promote growth. There are many models of influence in organizational development. They include; coaching teams and individuals, management and leadership. The three are the major models that are often employed in modern day Organizational Development efforts. The models have similarities in that they all Continue reading...

Assessment in counseling

Over years, there have been arguments among scientists and philosophers regarding the factors that affect the IQ of individuals. In this regard, various theories have been developed to explain the IQ of individuals. In addition, scientists have carried out case studies to determine the factors that affect the IQ of people. The results have been that genetic and environmental factors play a role in influencing the IQ of n individual. It is argued that nature (hereditary characteristics) and nurture (environment) both affect the intelligence of individuals but the disagreement is on which plays the biggest role (Flynn, 2007). This Continue reading...

Abstract

The theories of psychosocial development stress that an individual’s personality is enhanced by social relationships he or she develops from birth to adulthood. These are explained by Erik Erickson’s eight stage theories that describe the conflicts and achievements that present the turning points in an individual’s life. From birth to old age, an individual establishes a sense of trust in others, develops one’s identity in society, and helps the next generation learn skills in preparation for the future. Erickson asserted that in all stages, an individual learns to grow and develop throughout adulthood in a Continue reading...

Part 1

The contributions of four sociologists are considered as the basis of the modern day sociology; they are Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, Vilfredo Pareto and George Simmel. This paper is intended for tracing the comparison and contrast of theories proposed by Emile Durkheim and George Simmel. Their theories are one of the bricks of the foundation of Sociology as an independent discipline. While reading the works of these sociologists, it is quite conspicuous to find the transition of thoughts from social philosophy to sociology proper. Here, the contributions to sociology by these great proponents are examined in brief. Though both Continue reading...

Human behaviour is a complex topic because it is determined by various biological, social, and psychological factors. Depending on the factors influencing behaviour, a human being may act in a certain way without knowing why they had acted in such a manner. In Brain on Trial, David Eagleman explains the relationship that exists between neuroscience and criminal acts, and how this information can be used to build a better society with a justice system that is not ignorant of the facts of advances in brain science (121-123). This information can better equip those in the justice system to understand Continue reading...

Introduction

Stock market refers to a market for buying and selling stocks. People show interest in stocks mainly due to three reasons - long term growth opportunity for capital, dividends and an ensured hedge against the reduction of purchasing power owing to inflation. Another feature making the stock market a lucrative investment option for many is its liquidity. Majority of the people invest in stocks with the desire to accrue benefit upon the payment of dividends and increase of stock price. There are many people buying stocks because of winning control over the companies. Shareholders of many companies are required Continue reading...

- Introduction and Thesis Statement
Sociologists believe that both deviance and race are things that have been socially constructed in the society and have been embedded in people’s way of life (Innes, 2003, p.34). Deviance attributes to the actions of one defiling the social norms engrained in the society, which causes one to be marginalized in a given society. Race is also a social construct of the society based on one’s phenotype, which often results to the stereotypes of certain people in the society (Lemelle, 1995, p.56). This paper will discuss how race impacts deviance behavior and Continue reading...

Social Security and Social Insurance Research of Chile

This study is dedicated to overview of the social security and social insurance system of Chile. This country performed transition to personal accounts system and social security privatization over 30 years ago. Many researches consider this reform as a big success, because it made the country economy stronger, financial system healthier and provided more protection to the taxpayers. But there’re also some serious issues in the social security system.
- Social Security Expenditures: A historical perspective and a graph for it.
Chile was one of the pioneer countries in the Western hemisphere that introduced state social security coverage. Continue reading...

English

Philosophy of Happiness: Approaches to Happiness Around the Globe (A Cultural Comparison)
Introduction
It is generally understood that everyone would like to be happy. However, how happiness should be defined is often called into question. Happiness can mean different things to different people. The way that a person defines happiness for him or herself can be based on individual goals and values. This makes the examination of happiness difficult from a philosophical standpoint. Each person’s own definition of happiness makes it hard to measure what happiness is across a cross-section of people. What makes one person happy may Continue reading...

Abstract

This paper will discuss psychology as a science and other relevant topics under it. Although this is only a brief discussion about the whole subject itself, it envisions to open a broader perspective in taking the subject on a much lighter approach. Furthermore, this paper will tackle about the historical background of psychology and the importance of studying psychology. The topics included herein are made to be brief, concise and laid in simple explanations for better understanding of the subject. Psychology is one of the most difficult courses to be studied since it is a systematic way of arranging Continue reading...

Drug Abuse or Substance Abuse also called chemical abuse leads to disorder which is characterized with vicious pattern of substance usage leading to distress and significant problems. Over 7% of the population is affected by Drug abuse in their lifetime. These days, many teenagers engage themselves in drug abuse especially Narcotics (Drug prescribed for severe pain relief) and stimulating medications for treating disorder like attention deficit and narcolepsy (“Dryden-Edwards”).

Drugs Abuse and Types of Drugs

If ingesting a substance causes feeling of euphoria (high) then that substance can be abused. There are many legal and illegal drugs which people are well aware of but there Continue reading...

Introduction

Organizational effectiveness is a significant element pursued by various corporate bodies in an attempt to ensure smooth operational procedures and workforce utility. Unity is an important aspect of organizational effectiveness and individual performance, as a single ingredient for success cannot guarantee positive yields. This paper addresses the significant role played by psychology in organizational effectiveness. Psychology has a number of components which act as subsequent factors that when combined affect the overall delivery of organizational effectiveness. These include factors like workforce personal selection and recruitment, training, performance management and the enhancement and maintenance of motivation and culture within an Continue reading...

Introduction

The US department of defense has published various regulations governing the conduct and action military personnel and civilians within the US itself and other installation outside the US. One of the installation under which stringent rules have been established is the US Army in Europe, (AER). Among the regulations made are the traffic rules. The Driver and Vehicle Requirements and the Installation Traffic Code for the U.S. Forces in Germany, establishes an installation traffic code governing the registration requirements and operation of motor vehicles in Europe. It supersedes the earlier AER regulation given in the year 2009. This regulation Continue reading...

Research Paper on Weight Loss Strategies

Research Paper on Weight Loss Strategies

Introduction

People who want to lose weight often think that exercising too much will lead to weight loss. What they do not understand is that exercise helps in losing weight when accompanied by a good diet program. When an individual eats a lot after completing an exercise routine, regardless if one vigorously exercises, losing weight will be difficult. Thus, is one really wants to lose weight, then the individual must adhere to various weight loss strategies to ensure one does not gain excessive weight during the training program.

Why is losing weight a societal Continue reading...

It is often said that knowledge is power. This could be the explanation behind the fact that many people continue pursuing their careers to higher levels. This happens even when people have hit an older age but are still pursuing their studies. Adult learners have quite a lot of responsibilities, which means that they have to have a good balance between work, family, and their school work. The essay below looks at how adult learners can address these factors in their lives.

Managing School as an Adult Learner

It is pure logic that if possible, one should pursue his career to the furthest point before Continue reading...

Abstract

Abraham Maslow was a Jewish American born to illiterate Russian immigrants on the 1st of April the year 1908. Maslow had a difficult childhood and thus spent most of his free time seeking consolations in books. His obsession with books was motivated by the fact that Maslow’s Jewish parents were not educated and therefore constantly pushed their children to perform academically.
Maslow formulated the dynamic holistic theory of behavioral psychology. The theory had five basic human needs that were arranged in hierarchical order from the lower to the higher needs of human beings which include physiological, Continue reading...

The physical and mental effects of alcohol

Introduction
There are three main theories when it comes to the development of addiction. These are the disease/genetic theory, environmental and the academic theory. This is a research on the effect that alcohol has on the body and brain leading to addiction.

The physical and mental effects of psychoactive drugs

Alcohol like other psychoactive drugs affects the brain mostly. It interferes with the transmission of impulses in the brain and the central nervous system. Alcohol is able to penetrate the protective wall of the capillaries that surround the nerve cells of the central nervous system. The brain and the protective wall are fatty alcohol is fat soluble Continue reading...

Money is power; money is the key to happiness. This seems to be the phrase most individuals live by in today’s society. Unfortunately too many individuals believe money is the path to happiness. Although money is considered an important factor in the success of individuals, money is not worth sacrificing quality of life. In today’s society, it would seem too many individuals are obsessed with money, and they have forgotten how to enjoy life. The fact is money and wealth are not comparable to the importance of being happy and the quality of life.
The concern is Continue reading...

Sentencing guidelines in the United States are complex and varied, depending on the type of crime that the individual committed. Usually, sentencing guidelines are concerned with felonies and more serious misdemeanors (“2010 Federal Sentencing Guidelines Manual,” 2010). Usually sentencing guidelines are given when the individual who has committed a crime has been convicted of a Class A misdemeanor or higher-- that is, they have committed the highest possible class of misdemeanor, or they have committed a felony. When an individual commits a crime that carries more than one year of jail time as a mandatory sentence, they have committed Continue reading...

Abstract

Rehabilitation refers to a series of activities and systematic efforts to restore a person into a useful state. Apparently, rehabilitation has the purpose of making a person that has deviated from the expectations of society become productive and acceptable in the community. Looking at the concept from the narrower definition of correctional rehabilitation, some aspects are added to the definition. Whether or not such efforts are effectual has been a topic of deliberation in the circles of criminology and correctional studies. The fact that rehabilitation has taken center stage in American corrections is the reason as to why rehabilitation Continue reading...

Preface 3

Theoretical Framework for Reflective Learning 3
Advantages Associated with Reflective Learning 4
Brain and the Reflective Learning System 5
Natural learning system of Brain 6
Emotions & Learning 6
Emotional Intelligence 7
Learning in Adults and Technical training 7
Conclusion 8

References 9

Preface
The reflective learning enhances the inner structure to promote the learning. It involves the various processes involving the brain and emotions. The brain is able to think consciously. It is also analyzing the working of the individual, e.g. what is he doing or is intending to do. For instance, in the higher studies the reflective learning is considered Continue reading...

In the book Ayn Rand, the reader comes face to face with a society that is crippled with the human nature that considers individualism as sin. The protagonist of the story Equality 7-2521 goes on to question the spirit of collectivism which seems to be liked by a majority in his society. He goes on to say that his individualism has driven him and those with like minds to thoughts that are forbidden (1.6). According to him, the individual can never succeed unless he works together with others. Even when faced with a society that is crippled with collectivism, Continue reading...

Bullying is defined as inappropriate aggressive behavior of school going children that poses a threat to their peers. In other words, the imbalance of power is also categorized under bullying. The aggressive behavior has the potential to be repeated frequently. Bullying does not only have problems for the victims, but in the longer term, it may also create psychological problems for people who bully. Aggressive behavior is not always bullying; therefore, in order for a behavior to be categorized as bullying it should include; imbalance of power, threats, spreading rumors, physical or verbal attacks, exclusion of certain individuals, and Continue reading...

Introduction

The research on this topic generally focus on various sources to determine if there is a casual relationship between attractiveness and success. This is a subject that has been under increasing amounts of scrutiny as more medical, cosmetic and surgical techniques are developed to alter an individual’s appearance. This paper will focus upon three areas where prior researcher have determined that there might be a direct relationship and look to determine if this relationship can be substantiated. The subject areas covered by this Research Paper are the effects of attractiveness, perceptions of performance, and social interactions.

Research Question:

Does appearance Continue reading...

Abstract

This paper explores the subject of cognitive creativity as an inborn human characteristic and not a learnt skill. It analyses views of various psychologist and authors that are in support of the proposition that cognitive creativity is an innate. The paper advances an argument that creativity is unique mental process that differs from individual to individual. This difference is as a result of difference in personality. Personality is a product of mental process and creativity is a component of personality that endures in a person from childhood to adulthood. Therefore, the paper takes the position that creativity is inborn Continue reading...