Oxygen College Essays Samples For Students

Intensification of open-ocean oxygen depletion by vertically migrating animals

Oxygen is a very important gas that is needed by all living organisms for the the purpose of respiration. It is, therefore, in the interest of everyone to understand the conservation and the significance of oxygen in an ecosystem (Daniele Bianchi, 2013). The research aimed at studying the dieL vertical (DVM) migration of the zooplankton within the depth ranging from the surface to the mesopelagic levels of the ocean water (Vinogradov, 1968).As a result, the focus was placed on determining the fluctuations in amounts of carbon accompanying the respiration of the marine organisms at varying times. To obtain data on ...

Endotracheal suctioning is one of the common procedures performed on patients with an artificial airway. It helps to remove secretions to prevent obstruction. Suctioning is also important in intubated patients in order to prevent the accumulation of secretions, which would then lead to colonization of the respiratory tract by pathogenic bacteria leading to the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Endotracheal suctioning can immediately reduce the dynamic compliance and expired tidal volume in patients (G Briassoulis, 2009).

A study by Choi et al in 2005 indicated that manual hyperinflation followed by suctioning induces beneficial changes in respiratory mechanics in mechanically ventilated ...

Exercise 1: Anatomy of the Respiratory System

What are the two functions of the larynx?
Larynx is a cartilaginous and a muscular structure while holds vocal cords together. It is used by human beings to talk, swallow and breathe. It is lined by the mucous membrane hence forming part of the respiratory system. Larynx protects the airways by closing quickly after mechanical simulation hence stopping respiratory and curbing the entry of foreign substances into the airways. The larynx also produces sound, controls ventilation and acts as a sensory organ.

Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

Gaseous exchange occurs in the lungs and for it to take place; there is the need for a place where ...

Ecological integrity is one of the new concepts that are being discussed in conferences around the word by different ecologists. However, the final definition of ecological integrity has not yet been reached. It is clear that the activities of human beings on the earth results in a number of changes on the environment, which can either, be helpful in the enhancement of some species, ecological process, and ecosystems. On the other hand, the same human activities on earth may lead to serious damages to other species, ecological processes as, well as, ecosystems. In this case, the definition of ecological integrity ...

Introduction

It will be documented that the oxygen molecule, which basically glides through the air, happens to breathed in via the nose and mouth in the course of inhalation. It then moves from the nose and mouth into the pharynx, precisely, to the nasopharynx and oropharynx. Studies hae extended to reveal that the epiglottis in return closes so as to inhibit foreign substances from flowing into the windpipe (trachea). As it moves from pharynx, oxygen molecule passes through the voice box (larynx) via the trachea. It will be realized that the trachea actually separates into bronchi, which are mainstream branches ...

Introduction

Oxygen therapy is used in many patients with chronic and acute illnesses. It is the supply of oxygen to the body ad is used as a common medical intervention in different hospital settings. Oxygen forms the basis of cellular metabolism. Oxygen is used as a life support for patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Oxygen therapy and long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) are used for patients with PaO2 <60 mmHg. Oxygen therapy is primarily used for patients with pharmacological treatment. There are guidelines for oxygen therapy. Worldwide doctors recommend 18 hours of oxygen supply to patients with COPD. ...

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In the present day, many movies related to the field of Astronomy are made and seen by large audiences. However, some of them are loaded with incorrect facts about Science and Astronomical knowledge that can negatively affect their viewers. One such example is the movie Armageddon made in 1998 based on an asteroid’s collision with the Earth which is alleviated by a team of oil drillers sent by NASA who plant nuclear explosives to the asteroid so it blows up, sliding past Earth. The ...

Safety Issue in Engineering Work Place

Oxygen Saturation is a key parameter that is measured by Intensivists and doctors all over the world, and specifically in the critical care environments, since brain cannot survive beyond a couple of minutes without oxygen. This parameter needs constant monitoring of all critically ill patients. Oxygen saturation is usually measured today by inserting a thimble-like cap on one of the patient’s fingers, which is in turn attached to a monitor. There are a number of resulting leads that get attached to the patient’s body like the BP monitor and other cardiac leads. This is usually in addition to other intubations a patient might ...

IntroductionYeast is a single-celled organism and is a type of fungi. Yeast has been used for centuries as the driving force behind the process of fermentation, which enables dough to rise into a loaf of bread. To make a loaf rise, yeast converts sugar (C6H12O6) and oxygen from the air (02) into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H20). When no oxygen is available, yeast will switch to an alternative pathway that does not need oxygen.Yeast metabolizes sugar (C6H12O6) to make carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and ethanol (C2H5OH) as end products. This carbon dioxide gas produced from yeast fermentation is responsible for the airy ...

Question 1

In the video “Giants upon the Skyline” their first major environmental concern is the environmental destruction by heavy metals in Murray city. The film provided a comprehensive overview of the structural destruction that has been caused by the heavy gases on environment (Murray, 2005).

Question 2

Murray is a city located in the core of Salt Lake valley in the state of Utah. The city began as an agricultural center, as a result of Salt Lake Valley, Murray evolved to an industrial community. The construction of the initial smelter occurred in 1869. The city and the smelter industry performed well until 1948 when many ...

Air pollutants include carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, toxic air pollutants, greenhouse gases, and sulfur dioxide (Vallero 2014, pp35). Carbon monoxide forms from burning fuels. Emissions are high when fuel is incompletely burned or engines are not properly tuned (Reitze 2001, pp. 532). Cars, furnaces, and heaters are the main producers of carbon monoxide when not properly maintained. Carbon monoxide leads to heart disease and death when inhaled.
Nitrogen dioxide originates from cars and power plants when fuel is burnt or when oxygen and nitrogen in the air react at high temperatures. The gas forms acidic rain ...

Photosynthesis refers to the process where plant utilize sunlight energy to transform carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugar (Lehninger, Nelson, & Cox, 2008). The photosynthesis process can be illustrated using an equation as follows:
CO2 + H20→ +C6H12O6+O2

Initial Hypothesis

- If the leaves in a chamber containing sodium bicarbonate are placed in light bank then, the leaves will float.
- If the leaves in a chamber containing distilled water are placed in light bank then the leaves would not float

Final hypothesis

- If the leaves in a chamber containing sodium bicarbonate are placed in light bank then, the leaves will float.
...

The opening line of Elizabeth Bishop's "The Fish" is a startling one, "I caught a tremendous fish" as the poet beams with pride at its size and her accomplishment. She clearly has the intent of keeping her catch alive as she continues, "and held him beside the boat/Half out of water, with my hook/fast in a corner of his mouth." She conveys the main parts of the scenery very well -- boat, fish, water, and hook.
Her description of the setting is visual. Her diction relates a sense of ease as she continues: "He didn't fight./He hadn't fought at all." She depicts ...

The brain transmits the signal of oxygen requirement and the diaphragm expands that inhales the air. The inhaled air is composed of several different molecules and oxygen is one of the vitals. The respiratory system is a pathway that begins from external organ, nose, from where the air is inhaled. Air passes to the nasal cavity which is lined by ciliary cells that clean, warm and humidifies the air preparing it for gas exchange in lungs.
The air then travels through the pharynx that is divided into three regions namely nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx that are connected with the ...

In the process of breathing, a molecule of oxygen has to pass through upper respiratory tract and then lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract consists of air passages of the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx and upper trachea. The lower respiratory tract includes the parts present within the chest cavity namely lower trachea and lungs. The oxygen (from air) enters the respiratory system through nose. Nose is made of bone and cartilage covered with skin and has two nostrils divided by a bony septum. The nostrils are lined with fine hair which blocks the entry of dust and bacteria into ...

There are three significant formed blood elements namely- the red blood cells, white blood cells and the platelets. Each elements play important roles in the blood functioning. The most common type of blood cell is the Red Blood Cells (RBC) is primarily responsible for the circulation of oxygen within the human system. They receive oxygen from the lungs then release it into the body tissues. Amongst the blood elements the most predominant cell is the red blood cell. These blood cells contain hemoglobin; they contain iron-containing protein. These iron-containing proteins help in performing the primary function of the blood ...

INTRODUCTION

The research capitalizes on the condition of coastal marine environment due to eutrophication (Gray, Shiu-sun Wu and Or). This process of enrichment that is suppose to foster growth to marine and aquatic life is believed to have an adverse effect due to the disturbance that it creates in the marine system. According to the authors, eutrophication facilitates for excessive nutrient absorption of most aquatic plants and microorganism. As a result, it increases the rate of sedimentation that results to hypoxia. When this happens, fishes and other marine life forms do not receive sufficient oxygen. Malabsorption of oxygen stags growth. This ...

Corse

Photosynthesis refers to the process by which plants and other organisms as photosynthetic bacterias convert light from the sun into chemical energy that they use for survival. The energy released is vital for the functioning of the plants and the support of life on earth. For photosynthesis to take place, there are four basic factors that must be fulfilled. These include carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll. Therefore, the process of photosynthesis helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. One of the byproducts of the process of photosynthesis is oxygen, a vital gas for the survival of animals on earth.
...

The International Olympic Commission and other professional leagues believe that by banning doping their sport will become cleaner and level playing field will be developed. EPO is used by cyclists to produce red blood cells in their body that has haemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the athletes’ muscles. More oxygen helps in increasing the energy and better stamina. There are drug companies that sell artificial EPO but it is banned for athletes. This is achieved through ‘altitude chambers’ that requires athletes to sleep at altitude of 14,000 ft and above and train at sea level, this increases the ...

It is a well-known fact that everything in our life is closely connected with each other. All living creatures must take energy in order to survive and maintain their basic biological function. All of them do that in a different way. We eat, drink and breathe in order to live and stay healthy. It was proved by experts that the average adult inhales and exhales almost 7 or 8 liters of air per minute. The total amount of air that we use in a day comes out at 11,000 liters. Consequently, we use 550 liters of pure oxygen per day and ...

The trachea is the tube that connects the bronchi to the throat. The bronchi are further trachea divisions. One proceeds to left lung while the other into the right one. In the lungs, each bronchi separates into smaller bronchi. The broncheoli are bronchi branches, which are smaller tubes that amount to pulmonary alveolus. The pulmonary alveoli are tiny air sacs delineated through single-layer membranes that have blood capillaries on either end. The lungs’ inner surfaces are where gaseous exchange takes place due to the alveoli structure. The lungs are a pair of organs within the vertebrates (Collins & Eric, 2012). For ...

1.0 Lab 1: Heating Value Measurements: Solid and Liquid Fuels with a Bomb Calorimeter
1.1 Introduction
Measurements of heating values can be derived for both solid and liquid combustible fuels using an Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter. The calorimeter measures heat. Heat is not the same thing as temperature. The heat of combustion is called the calorific value. The calorific value is “:the number of heat units liberated by a unit mass of a sample when burned with oxygen in an enclosure of constant volume” (Introduction 2007). The experiment uses the 6100 Bomb Calorimeter. The definition of calorific value in a bomb calorimeter ...

Question 1: Echinoderms

Phylum Echinodemata gets the name from the Greek which means spiny skin. Therefore, members of this phylum have spiny skin although others do not have the spiny skin. Echinoderms have radial symmetry meaning they have appendages mostly occurring in a group of five with few in exception. One rare characteristic that occurs in the echinoderms is the water vascular system. This refers to a hydraulic system, usually with sea urchins and the sea stars and used for locomotion, waste transportation, food and respiration. This system comprises of canals that connect tube feet. The movement can be caused by the contraction of ...

Question 1

It is observable that as the level of dissolved oxygen increases in the water, the population of fish increases. However, at a certain concentration of oxygen, 14ppm, the number of fish decreases. This could be due to the elimination of some species due to competition from aquatic plants and other animals. A continued increase in oxygen concentration sees the fish population rise; this could be attributed to the increased reproduction of the fish species due to availability of adequate food and oxygen.

Question 2

The amount of Dissolved oxygen in the water needed for survival varies from species to species. Some species ...

Essay 1

Question a
The relationship between size and complexity has been studied extensively in Biology. Of particular interest is the association between surface area and volume. As animals increase in size, their exchanges with the environment become more difficult. For example, large animals require special organs (such the heart, the liver and the kidney) to facilitate movement of nutrients and air circulation. In order to reduce this problem, several organisms (such as Porifera, Cnidaria, and Platyhelminthes) have adapted by increasing their surface area to volume ratio. The increased surface are to volume ratio simplifies processes such as respiration because the ...

(City, State)
The Cori cycle, which is also referred to as Lactic acid cycle, is a metabolic pathway where lactate that is produced through anaerobic glycolysis taking in the muscle moves to the liver to be converted into glucose. The glucose produced is then taken back to the muscles to be converted again to lactate. They activities in the muscle get their energy from the breakdown of molecules of glycogen through the glycogenolysis. This process results in the production of a glucose molecule in the glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) form. The G-1-P is then converted by the phosphoglocomutase enzyme to G-6-P, which ...

Lab 1 - Exercise 1: Data Interpretation

Dissolved oxygen is oxygen that is trapped in a fluid, such as water. Since many living organism requires oxygen to survive, it is a necessary component of water systems such as streams, lakes and rivers in order to support aquatic life. The dissolved oxygen is measured in units of parts per million (ppm). Examine the data in Table 4 showing the amount of dissolved oxygen present and the number of fish observed in the body of water the sample was taken from; finally, answer the questions below.

Questions

- What patterns do you observe based on the information in Table 4?
...

Introduction:

Carbon dioxide is generated through cell metabolism that takes place in the mitochondria. Carbon dioxide amount that is produced is dependent on the metabolism rate as well as on the relative carbohydrate, protein and fat amount being metabolized. The amount of carbon dioxide produced at rest is usually about 200 ml per minute eating a mixed diet (Arthurs &Sudhakar 2005). Carbon dioxide is one of the main products that are released following metabolism and the level of it in the body is highly regulated. This paper aims at discussing the production and transport of carbon dioxide from the cells through ...

Introduction:

Carbon dioxide is generated through cell metabolism that takes place in the mitochondria. Carbon dioxide amount that is produced is dependent on the metabolism rate as well as on the relative carbohydrate, protein and fat amount being metabolized. The amount of carbon dioxide produced at rest is usually about 200 ml per minute eating a mixed diet. This results in the utilization of about 80% of oxygen and gives respiratory quotient of 0.8 (Arthurs & Sudhakar 2005, p. 207). Carbon is one of the main products that are released following metabolism and the level of it in the body is highly ...

The aim of this experiment was to test the effect of the respiratory process on the lung’s tidal volume when standing and when seated. Our null hypothesis was that if the subject was sitting, the tidal volume of their lungs would decrease and if the subject was standing the tidal volume of their lungs would increase. Throughout this experiment the rate of the tidal volume was recorded along with the total amount of tidal volume for each respiration process that is when both standing and sitting.
After recording the data that we collected from 5 tidal volumes ...

- An healthy body system all depend on an healthy cardiovascular system
- Since cardiovascular system is made up of heart and blood vessels
- All body organs depend on it healthy functions
- Supply of nutrients and oxygen effectively & removal of waste products from other parts of the body are the main functions of the cardiovascular system
- Malfunctioning cardiovascular system will impair proper function of other major systems.

The anatomy & physiology of the cardiovascular system

- Made up of heart with four chambers & blood vessels (arteries, capillaries and veins)
- The four chambers are two upper chambers called atria & ...

Over the years, scientists working in different fields of study have discovered vital pieces of information which support evolution. The most compelling evidence comes from comparing cell biology and biochemistry of several organisms. This analysis proves that the genetic code contained within the cells of most organisms is almost universal. Genetic analysis shows that cells from different organisms have some striking similarities. From the study of DNA sequence, organisms which are phylogenetically related have a similar DNA sequence. These similarities indicate a common origin. The more similar the DNA sequence between two organisms, the more closely related they are. Also, a look ...

[Teacher’s Name]

[Date (February08, 2013)]
Hormones mimicking chemicals in human beings
BisphenolA (BPA) is an estrogen-mimicking chemical which is found in plastic bottles, heat-activated register receipts aluminium can linings and dental sealants. It was reported in 2008 that the chemical has effects on behaviour, brain and prostate gland in children, infants and foetuses when one is exposed to it (New York Times).
The synthetic chemical bisphenol A, which is used in the linings of beer, soda and food cans, plus plastic water bottles, has been exposed as a hormone disrupter and linked to autism, cancer and other complications in ...

Normally, oxygen is found in gas form. However, this gas can be separated from other components of air through distillation, and then cooled into liquid oxygen. In its liquid form, oxygen can be used to propel rockets as they are launched into space. Liquid oxygen can also be used in making explosives. However, liquid oxygen is a very volatile substance hence; making it dangerous to make explosives. When liquid oxygen comes into contact with an asphalt pavement, there are likely to be hazardous impacts. The reaction usually causes fire, which is followed by an explosion.
In its liquid form, ...

Question 1

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants manufacture their own food using carbon IV oxide and water in the presence of sunlight. On the other hand, respiration refers to the process by which by which glucose is oxidised is the presence of enzymes to release energy. The process by which human beings obtain energy from the sun is linked to both respiration and photosynthesis. Green plants manufacture their own food by use of carbon IV oxide and water in the presence of sunlight. Human beings obtain the energy through feeding in food from the green plants. The plants ...

As incremental exercise progresses, the lower lobe of the lung exhibits an increase in alveolar PO2, a decrease in alveolar PCO2, and a marked increase in mixed venous PCO2. During exercise, the ventilation rates increase gradually from resting values of around 5-6 liters per minute to over 100 liters per minute. On average, the rate of oxygen consumption is 250ml per minute but as during high intensity exercise, this can go up to 5000ml per minute. Increased pulmonary ventilation triggers a subsequent rise in the tidal volume of the lungs and respiratory rate hence more oxygen is taken into the alveoli. The ...

Introduction

Sleep apnea is a dangerous sleeping disorder that affects an individual's breathing. During sleep, breathing reduction or cessation may occur which could lead to heart problems and other medical complications when left untreated. Usually, this sleeping problem goes undetected since it happens while the patient is asleep. Thus, a physician has no way of monitoring or checking whether an individual has sleep apnea during a regular check up. Even patients are not aware that they might have sleep apnea until someone within the family notices irregular sleeping conditions.

What Causes Sleep Apnea?

Who are at Risk?
According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (n.d.), ...

The respiratory system of dolphins and lions

Dolphin inhale air through blowhole; dolphin do not use nostril like other mammals. Dolphin controls the opening and closing of blowhole through muscle contraction and relaxation. Blowhole which is an external opening takes air to the lungs. The blowhole is located at the tip of dolphin’s head which requires small area of water to be break to take the air. The air is then sent to lung for exchange. Unlike human lungs, dolphin lungs consists double levels of capillaries. Capillaries double layer increases the area of lungs which is resulted in increase in gas exchange rate and efficiency. ...

The cardiovascular system (both the heart and the circulatory system) is defined as “the network that delivers blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the body's tissues in conjunction with the respiratory system” (Anonymous, 2012). The circulatory system consists of a vast network of tubes that carries the blood to and from all parts of the body. The heart, lungs, arteries, arterioles (small arteries), and capillaries (very tiny blood arteries, also called vessels) carry oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. The veins and venules (small veins) carry oxygen- and nutrient-depleted blood back to the ...

Introduction

The diving capability on a breath-hold in both human and marine mammals is determined by the gas exchange, in both peripheral tissues and in the lung. The end products of these adaptations involve improved oxygen storage, efficient ventilation, pressure tolerance and delivery of respiratory gases. Due to some of these adaptations human is less advantageous in diving than marine animals. For instance, a whale can hold breath for over 120 minutes while human can hold for a maximum of 7 minutes.
Another adaptation that is involved in diving adaptation includes the ratio of size of the lungs to the animal’s ...

Different organisms occupy different environment, which requires them to adapt to those conditions to ensure their survival. In this sense, there exist vast physical forms between fish and mammals due to their opposing habitats (water and air respectively). However, the main distinguishing characteristic is the structure of their gaseous exchange system.

Fish use water as their respiratory medium. Hence they require an efficient respiratory system. This is because water has less oxygen than air. Fish require a complex respiratory system that will extract oxygen from water. The respiratory system of fish consists of evaginations of epithelium which are known as ...

With close to 2.8% of the earth’s crust consisting of sodium in compounds, Sodium is by no doubt one of the most abundant elements on earth. The element has an atomic mass of about 22.98 amu and belongs to period 3 Group 1 (1A) (between Lithium and potassium) hence has an atomic number of 11, a valance of 1 and an oxidation state of +1. The Latin name for the symbol of Sodium is Natrium hence the symbol Na while the “Sodium” in Latin is referred to as Sodanum. Additionally, even though the element has 14 isotopes, the only ...

Fatigue

Fatigue is a common condition suffered by individuals undergoing chronic illness. The two main factors responsible for fatigue include central and peripheral mechanisms. Central mechanisms largely arise from proximal events such as neuromuscular junction, which is subdivided into supraspinal or spinal. Peripheral fatigue is caused by muscle contraction activities and includes excitation contraction or muscle bioenergetics. The discussion covers some mechanisms involved in fatigue experiences (Gandevia, 1994).

Voluntary muscle activation

This mechanism associated with central fatigue, accounts for about 15% to 20% of the usual and normal fatigue during continuous or sustained fatigue contraction. The voluntary drive of the muscle incurs difference in ...

Renal compensatory mechanisms

Severe anemia causes the redistribution of blood supply to vital organs such as the brain and heart. This results in a decrease in renal blood flow causing the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system. Activation of this system results in increased production of aldosterone by the adrenal glands. Aldosterone causes increased retention of salt and water by the kidneys. This compensatory mechanism increases blood volume and renal blood flow without altering tissue hypoxia in other organs (Gaspad, 2005 as cited in Coyer & Lash, 2008).

Pituitary gland

The decrease in renal blood flow also stimulates the production of anti-diuretic hormone which increases ...

When it comes to fire protection, it is important to know and understand the advantages and disadvantages of the many different types of fire protection agents. Dry chemical fire extinguishers are a very popular fire protection agent used in personal, professional, and commercial settings. Dry chemical fire protection agents have both advantages and disadvantages. These types of extinguishers work by “coating a burning surface, separating the fuel of the fire from its oxygen supply” which then puts out the fire (Ace Fire Equipment). By spraying this chemical agent on the fire, it can quickly and efficiently put out the fire. The ...

Oxygen is essential to the survival of all body cells. The supply of oxygen to those cells is maintained via the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an integral part of the cardiovascular system which is maintained by the heart, blood vessels and blood. The three main subtypes of circulatory systems that occur in humans are the systemic circulation, pulmonary circulation and coronary circulation. All the three types of circulation are dependent on one another to maintain the supply of oxygen to and removal of carbon dioxide from the body tissues.

Pulmonary circulation serves as the link between the ...

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapy is a novel treatment for type 2 Diabetes. GLP-1 receptor agonists and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV improve glycemic control. GLP-1 exerts multiple effects including modulation of a-cell proliferation, apoptosis and exogenesis. Inhibition of gastric emptying and food Intake with stimulation of glucose uptake by adipocytes has also Been reported.

Beneficial effects of GLP-1 on myocardial and endothelial functions. However, the mechanisms underlying these various effects are not fully understood. Therefore, we examined whether the GLP-1 analog liraglutide protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from the injurious effects of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor ...

Homeostasis is the propensity of an organism/a cell to direct its internal situation, typically by a system of reaction controls, for the health and functioning to be stablelized, despite the outside altering conditions. The capability of the body /a cell is to look for and uphold the state of stability inside its internal environment while it’s dealing with the outside changes. Homeostasis takes place when the body regulates its temperature so as to try maintaining an inner temperature.eg in hot days we sweat to cool off, also we shiver to generate heat in the cold season. Homeostasis use hormones to ...

The following paper describes the current developments and advances in the use and application of smart packaging technology in food packaging processes. The paper focuses on the application of the technology through various methods of smart food packaging, process designs, equipment used and the current applications. The paper also gives the various applications for the smart food packaging technologies.

Oxygen Absorbers

Oxygen absorbers/scavengers refer to smart packaging technologies that work by absorbing oxygen from foods while reducing oxygen metabolism in the packaged food (Latou et al. 2010). The process is designed to decrease oxidative rancidity and stop any unintended oxidation of ...

Phosphorus exists as phosphate (PO4) when in water. The phosphate is a requirement in aquatic life. It stimulates the growth of plants such as planktons in waterways which provide food for the fish. The increment in fish population improves the overall water quality (Oram). However, excess phosphates are detrimental to the waterways. They cause algae and other aquatic plants to grow wildly and cause eutrophication or the choking up of waterways. Eutrophication is detrimental to aquatic life. As the plants die and decompose, they use up massive amounts of oxygen diminishing the oxygen levels in the water. Low levels of ...

Analytical extended definition

Sickle cell anemia is a disease that affects hemoglobin in people. It mainly affects Africans and people from the Mediterranean and Middle East. Hemoglobin is found in the red blood cells and carries oxygen throughout the body, so people suffering from the disease do not get enough oxygen in the body due to lack of hemoglobin. The disease changes the shape of the red blood cells into sickle-shape thus the origin of the word sickle cell. Normal red blood cells are flexible and have the shape of a disc while the sickle-shaped ones are shaped like a crescent. The disease is also ...

1. Question 1
Several procedures have been developed to counteract problems of non union bones and bones with delayed healing. Treatments could either be surgical or non-surgical in nature. Both methods have its advantages and disadvantages however; non-surgical treatments are usually done as much as possible. Non-surgical treatments include the use of a small device called bone simulator which delivers ultramagnetic waves when placed over the fractured part to simulate healing.
There are currently several alternatives to choose from if surgical treatment is preferred. A bone graft can be used where new bone cells are provided. This is ...

Gulf of Mexico dead zone

Diaz and Rosenberg (2008), define dead zones as low oxygen areas (hypoxic) found around oceans. The specific regions that they are found are near inhabited coastlines where aquatic life is prominent. The Gulf of Mexico dead zone is an area that would be analysed in this paper and will encompass the threat it poses to the environment, root cause, proposed solutions, and consequences if unchecked. The relevance of the issue to values of the university will then be brought out in through a personal statement.

Environmental threat

The Gulf of Mexico is found at the mouth of Mississippi river covering approximately 7000 ...

Speech to the Virginia convention

It is my duty today to make known to all of you the importance of exercise and particularly physical education in our institutions of learning. You will agree with me that it feels really nice to be in good state of health both physically and mentally. That it feels really good to walk with your shoulders high feeling strong and health. Well I must say that this state of being does not just come with some miracle or a wish. Each and every one of us must take the initiative of exercising and supplementing the exercise with good diet while avoiding ...

A climber with aspirations to reach the summit of Mt. Everest has many dangers that they must be aware of before making the ascent. Besides the obvious dangers of avalanches and freezing to death on the way up, there are also physiological effects that the body must endure to achieve such an ambitious goal. As the climber gets higher and higher the temperatures get colder, the air gets thinner. Partial pressures (pressure that a gas occupying a volume creates naturally) decrease causing the body to work harder to get the necessary oxygen it needs. The respiratory system gets worked into overdrive ...

The differences between the oxygenated and deoxygenated states of hemoglobin

a. Red Blood Cell with oxygenated hemoglobin (diamagnetic) has no effect on the magnetic field
b. Deoxygenated Red Blood Cell with deoxygenated hemoglobin which is paramagnetic affects magnetic field
Erythrocytes of the blood act as carriers of hemoglobin; a four unit protein that through binding process with oxygen molecules, thereby forming oxyhemoglobin, transports oxygen to various part of an animal’s body. Oxygenated and deoxygenated states of hemoglobin have different quaternary structure. The disparity in quaternary structures of these two kinds of hemoglobin is attributed to the binding of oxygen with hemoglobin. The beta chains in oxygenated hemoglobin ...

The differences between the oxygenated and deoxygenated states of hemoglobin

Erythrocytes of the blood act as carriers of hemoglobin; a four unit protein that through binding process with oxygen molecules, thereby forming oxyhemoglobin, transports oxygen to various part of an animal’s body. Oxygenated and deoxygenated states of hemoglobin have different quaternary structure. The disparity in quaternary structures of these two kinds of hemoglobin is attributed to the binding of oxygen with hemoglobin. The beta chains in oxygenated hemoglobin are much closer to each other compared to the ones in the deoxygenated hemoglobin (Campbell &Farrell, 2009). In the same light, the quaternary structure is affected by the hemoglobin’s ...

Introduction

Fire is described as the visible result of an oxidation process in the chemical reaction known as combustion. Combustion occurs between an oxidant (source of fuel) and oxygen which results in the release of heat and the source of fuel being converted into another form (Grimwood et al., 2010). When heat is released, light is produced either as a flame or glowing. The fuels which bring about combustion are mainly organic compounds like hydrocarbons which may be in the solid, liquid, or gaseous phase.
The part of the fire which is visible is known as the flame. It is ...

Water pollution is a growing crisis in the world that affects everybody. All beings on the planet rely on water for their very survival. To be specific every being depends on water. Unfortunately, many sources of water have been affected by human activities and soil pollution from a wide variety of sources. Water pollution cause many problems to the health of the planet and its inhabitants. It has been estimated that over 40% of the rivers, lakes and streams in the United States are too polluted to swim in or fish in. When water pollution spreads, it can cause serious consequences.

...

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury is an acquired injury to the brain that results from an external blunt or penetrating force to the head while; intentional hypoxia is the loss of oxygen supply to the brain which leads to a continuum of injury severity. A review of current literature on this topic suggests that comparisons can be readily drawn between traumatic brain injury and hypoxic brain injury in a rehabilitation setting. Even so, diagnosis of hypoxic brain injury and traumatic brain injury is essential in providing guidance on decisions of treatment. Treating intentional hypoxia, however, involves an establishment of the desired ...