Phenomenon Term Papers Samples For Students

Introduction

Taste aversion is a common phenomenon in human beings. Most people are averse of food of one kind or the other, which is sometimes confused with allergy. If a person claims that he can eat cheese but is allergic to milk, it is mostly likely the case of taste aversion. Taste aversion is aversion to certain foods, in human beings and animals, due to a past illness experienced with similar food. It is an interesting topic of discussion, in the field of psychology, as this form of conditioning defies more than one rule of classic conditioning. The objective of this paper is ...

MOTIVATIONS OF CODE-SWITCHING

Code switching is currently considered one of the main subjects of study in linguistics. This can be shown by the fact that within the last decade most of the major conferences on linguistics had at least one paper on the subject. One of the topics within the subject that has been of interest to sociolinguists is on the communicative intention of this phenomenon. The researches in this particular topic make a scientific attempt to understand and clarify why people engage in code switching (Wardhaugh, 2009, p. 85). Why two or more people that understand two or more languages would choose ...

Science from a philosopher’s perspective

Science has undergone a lot of transformations and many theories have been formed to form the basis of truth and knowledge. The nature of science is that it introduces the use of experiments as a means of reaching to an idea. It is therefore important to note that science is based on objectivity that basically means that one has to look into the two sides of the divide then come up with an informed choice that satisfies the need for knowledge search. Scholars, for the sake of coming up with theories have adopted the use of paradigm. The replacement of one ...

The study of critical mixed theory is not only a complex field of study, but also a field that must be examined in a multidimensional view. The mixed race theory entangles itself with political, social, and economic implication in the study of racial identities and the ‘race problem’. People with a multiracial background may experience difficulties in identifying with a particular class of people. This is because racial identities give a person the sense of belongingness. Moreover, one tends to develop a sense of self that is crucial to self-acceptance. However, even where there is a defined mixed race, a sense of belongingness can only be realized if ...

When the Past and Present Collide - Can One Speak of World Civilizing?

Looking back into millennia of human history, historians and academics in general are keen to view the process of human development as evolution and progression. In this context, academics are likely to argue that the world is moving towards civilizing and subsequent improvement of inter-human relations. This statement has its reasons for existence, and, in fact, the experience of the last century has proved that total war would simply mean annihilation of human being from the face of the Earth. On the other hand, interpersonal conflicts remained an every-day reality of contemporary societies. Another argument against pacification of human ...

Abstract

The paper discusses infantile amnesia – the phenomenon of the inability of adults to recollect any memory before the rough age of three years. The science behind the phenomenon is brain development. However brain development theory is being questioned today for its inability to explain a few aspects of childhood memory. Sigmund Freud’s explanation is his theory of repression of traumatic sexual experiences. Other psychologists meanwhile believe that language development holds the key to the explanation behind infantile amnesia. The paper also discusses the concept of identity and focuses on some empirical results that have been developed to prove the ...

The modern scientific method dates all the way back to the days of Isaac Newton who, ironically, only went to university because his parents thought he was too poor of a farmer to make anything of himself – so they sent him to read theology (Weisstein, 2011). The climate of research and inquiry produced one of the most transformational minds in all of the history of science. In addition to his laws of motion, he also developed the basis of a scientific method that still guides research and experimentation done in the present day.

Newton’s scientific method boiled down to four ...

The fight for equal rights for women can be said to have existed since the dawn of civilization and a stratified culture based on patriarchal ideals of male supremacy; despite the tremendous advances that have been made since that time, there are still many instances of inequality based on gender. Social, economic and political stratification based on gender are still alive and well, though the past hundred years have seen incredible strides being made on the part of women’s rights. Many believe that gender equality has been successfully achieved, or that women should not get equal rights. These opinions ...

A concept can be thought of as a lens that can be used to see a phenomenon or explain it. If the contents of the concept varies, the lenses are changed, and the same phenomenon might appear different to the observer as well. The concept of Nature sometimes is used without being defined but, according to some philosophers, it encloses at least three different meanings , and each can be considered a different glass through which the world can be observed and even defined. Some authors see nature as an inherent quality of all objects, as something that generates them or gives them ...

Mental disorders are a common illness in the society. Scholars and medical practitioners have taken time and effort in attempting to understand the causes and treatment methods for these conditions. However, since the biological processes that leads to mental illnesses are quite difficult to understand, several hypotheses have developed to assist studies. Genetics and other environmental factors have been associated with numerous mental disorders. This paper first evaluates the issues of mental disorder such as depression and provides review into the genetics involved. Then the paper reviews studies into twin cases, association and neurodevelopment disorders. The research will then argue ...

Abstract

While, nowadays, spiritual leaders have less influence on Western society, the influence of religion on the East still remains profound. In this context, of particular interest is how tendencies of society’s modern development, which are undeniably present in the eastern countries, are interacting with the ancient religions characteristic for this region. Thus, it would be interesting to track how specific religion treats certain important issue of human rights and their implications. One of examples of such analysis is the article “Abortion and Buddhism” by Robert Florida. The aims of the present paper is to analyze the article in ...

Nowadays a lot of problematic issues and controversies about people’s social, religious, racial and gender identity have been discussed. Equality of human rights, recognition of basic moral and ethical principles, tolerance and respect towards people with different background are the main conditions of real freedom and democracy. Although, people have started realizing new progressive ideals and there has been a significant decrease in the race discrimination rates, the problem of transgender identity still remains unsolved and public offense or misunderstandings still very frequently occur in different mass media sources. Many people wonder, why one should change his or ...

Shadow banking, as an economic phenomenon of recent years, should be viewed primarily in the context of changing economic conditions. Today, a new global macro position is a post-crisis pause of rapid growth of the world economy, the consequence of which is fixed to the long time the situation of general uncertainty in the economy. In the context of the changing global macroeconomic conditions, the problem of shadow banking and its regulation is relevant. The topic deserves close attention from the perspective of scientific and practical understanding of this phenomenon. Shadow banking is a financial market segment, operating outside ...

Introduction

The American healthcare system is the most expensive in the world as indicated by mirror reports in 2010, 2007, 2006, and 2004 (Davis, Stremikis, Squires & Schoen, 2014, p. 7). According to Bhattacharya & Hyde, (2013, p. 251), by 1960, America’s expenditure on healthcare was low to an extent that it could only spend a twentieth of her Gross Domestic Product on healthcare costs. The U.S. ranks the first in term of cost related problems since the price elasticity of healthcare services in America is relatively elastic. Considering that many people are price sensitive, they opt for alternative care other than ...

Depression

Psychodynamic psychology also called dynamic psychology is the chronological approach to the study of psychological forces and state of the mind in relation to human characteristics stressing the connection between unconscious and conscious procedures with effects to general mental functioning. Dynamic psychology is directed to the idea that humans life undertakings affects their unconscious and conscious ideologies and motivations which in turn correlate with the feelings, character, and general nature of behaviors. Freud the psychologist suggested that the conscious and unconscious parts of the brain come into conflict with each other, resulting to an observation known as repression. This ...

Introduction

It was an era of atomic action and reaction in the world following the World War II. Various nations were trying to survive through high tension and fear. Most of the countries were gripped under a common concern of what was going to follow and which nation/nations would hold power. Countries like America and Soviet Union were using their power to use other countries to their advantage. This was the time when many demographic and political changes took place in many countries. However, the journey post war was not easy, even for America. The anxieties and fear in people made ...

- Ultimately for Berlin, a culture’s values were what defined the lives of the people in the culture. These circumstantial truths served as guideposts for how one should live their respective lives in order to be an upstanding and valuable citizen. However, these values were not always compatible to those of another culture, according to Berlin. What is true in one society may not be true in another. Yet, this difference served a key function in the understanding of that particular culture. Through the examination of values, anthropologists could work to decipher the fabric of the culture and its relative ...

H S K J

BIOL/RELT421-Issues in Science and Society- Winter 2014
Term Paper
The origins of the universe has been a subject of many theories and explanations (Linder, 2003). Some believe in the scientific explanations and the Big Bang Theory is the foremost of them (Linde, Linde & Mezhlumian, 1994). Many, on the other hand, believe in the creation as what was told in the Holy Bible (Van Till, Stek, Snow, & Young, 1990). This paper will portray the notable characters that shaped the theories and beliefs about the origins of the Earth.
Hugh Ross, Leonard Brand, and James Gibson are the three ...

Syntax is the study of principles and rules for sentences’ construction in natural languages. Syntax also studies the patterns of sentences and phrases’ forming. It exists in human communication only. Many scientists study this phenomenon and are trying to understand why it is not a characteristic feature of other living beings.
Researches worked out several theories to explain the evolution of humans’ syntactic language. Regarding the human’s anatomy that contributed to syntactic language development, Joshua B. Plotkin and Martin A. Nowak state in their article that “everyone knows around 50,000 words in his primary language. The words ...

When it comes to representation through the mise en scene in film, there are a lot of different ways to show the tensions at work between past and present within the horror genre. In fact, it is these tensions that have stood at the core of the horror genre since its very beginning. In the first major work of horror, Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, it is the tension between the time before the creation of the monster and the time after, when Dr. Frankenstein encounters so many vivid reasons to wish that he had never stitched those body parts ...

First, Middle and Last Name of Student

Introduction
Racial and ethnic relations have been studied from the beginnings of the 20th century, and the way it has been studied has undergone many changes over the years. While these relations were studied as an ideological means to assert one race’s superiority over the other, with the civil rights movements and the influx of immigrants in many western societies, the study of race and ethnic relations have taken much more complex dimensions such as perceptions of people about racial compositions, perceptions of risk and fear of crime, and the interrelations and interconnectedness through social interactions between ...

Several individuals have explained the origins of the universe. Some believe in the scientific explanation, while others believe in theories and evolution. Many, on the other hand, believe in the creation as what was told in the Holy Bible. This paper will inform the readers about the notable persons who have theories and beliefs about the origins of the earth.
Hugh Ross, Leonard Brand, and L. James Gibson are the three key people who have significant contribution in explaining the origins of the universe in relation to the bible story. The website of the Reasons to Believe stated ...

Introduction

The Great Belt Fixed Link (Storebæltforbindelsen) is the fixed link connecting the islands of Zealand and Funen across the strait of Great Belt. The link is composed of three mega structures: a road suspension bridge (known as the East Bridge), a railway between Zealand and Sprogø, and a box girder bridge (known as the West Bridge) between Sprogø and Funen (Railway-Technology, n.d.). The link was purposely designed to replace the primary means of crossing the Great Belt (Transportation Research Board, 1995). Combined purpose and aesthetic perfection, this majestic link exhibits eccentric engineering skills and craftsmanship, a true man-made wonder.
Figure 1. ...

1970-1980’s (Newman, Parse, Watson, Rogers) iv. Development of the metaparadigm per Fawcett

v. Development of paradigms
1. Simultaneity and Totality
2. Particulate-Deterministic, Interactive -Integrative, Unitary Transformative
III. Discuss knowledge development in nursing (10 points)
a. Carper’s Ways of Knowing
b. Emancipatory Knowing
c. Ways of unknowing
d. Role of research
e. Role of the socio political environment
IV. Application/Synthesis for Advanced Practice (10 points)

Describe how the new advanced knowledge, in the course to date has informed and influenced your own perspective on nursing:

i. Philosophic
a. What philosophy is most congruent with your own personal philosophy and why?
ii. Paradigm of Nursing
a. Discuss the congruence between your nursing philosophy and your nursing paradigm
b. Describe ...

Introduction

Ghost hunting has been a very impressive program to follow within the American perspectives. After the generation of the series in the major Television Program, so many people gathered the interest to follow and understand the realities behind the program. The lack of including certain tools in the analysis and understanding the program or even the inclusion of certain tools of analysis in the interpretation of the program have in most cases led [to the claims of being scientific in nature. So many ghost hunters, the people with the interests and passion for following to understand a ghost hunting program and ...

Question 1

This argument is rather pedestrian, especially considering that the modern society is based on co-existence. Taking the United States as an example, multi-cultural societies are inevitable in the contemporary world, where globalization is the force behind the destiny of the human race. Race should not be the determining factor as far as what one will do is concerned. On the contrary, all races should be treated equally with such doctrines as the equal employment opportunity being the guiding principles. The origins of this person’s logic could be the basic reasoning of a person in a society with class conflict, with ...

Abstract

This paper covers the debated topic on the psychological theorists – Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner – and discusses their theories. Additionally, this paper takes the opinion that considering the review of the behaviorism and psychoanalytic theories, B. F. Skinner best describes the psychological approach of understanding human behavior. Therefore, he could have served as a better therapist for depression patients.
Psychology, like other disciplines such as philosophy and theology has been subjected to several and constant controversy that has always encompassed several divergent philosophies, ideas, and perspectives. In philosophy, people belonging to a specific school of thought would seek to ...

Introduction 3

Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development 3
Role of CSR in Developing Nations 4
Corporate Social Responsibility and the Financial Performance 5
Ethical Behaviour 6
The Role of the Financial Sector 6
Conclusion 7
Introduction
Under the conventional economic theories the businesses have been operating with the sole purpose of profit maximization and the increase in shareholders’ wealth. According to the classical view of business operations, the managers are liable to use the available resources in the best optimum manner to generate the revenues for the organization, while following the relevant legal ...

Psychology: Behaviourism and Free Will

I. Introduction: Behaviorism and Free Will
Behaviorism (or learning theory) focuses primarily on overt or observable and quantifiable behaviors and excludes subjective phenomenon such as motives, feelings, and so on. It explains the processes, principles and laws by which learning occurs. Many schools of thought under behaviorism include Pavlovian, also known as classical or respondent, conditioning.
Under the basic tenet of classical conditioning, individuals learn by means of associating neutral stimulus with a meaningful response. Another behaviorism is Skinnerian, a.k.a. operant or instrumental, conditioning. Operant conditioning is the process whereby learning takes place when an action is done ...

Background

This conflict relates to a publishing company which needs my expertise to solve it in their sales team as an ex sales manager has left organization, now workers in sales departments are unwilling to perform to sustain levels. Organization is facing challenges due to advances in technology and exponentially growth in internet users as now users can find more e-books than ever before. In such critical times this organization is unable to bear any conflict among staff members, managers and workforce, while sales department is already facing threat from less market capitalization, this makes it more critical for company.
...

Pre-employment drug testing is a social phenomenon that has become commonplace in modern day America. The main reason why employers resort to such measures is not particularly because they want to discriminate against drug users, but because they would like to boost efficiency in the work place. Essentially, the human resources are the life and blood of the organization. Efficiency and consistency in the human resources department ensures that there is a smooth flow of activities in the organization. A smooth flow of activities can only flow if there are not disturbances in the nature of the human resource body. Disturbances ...

LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES

Introduction
Motivation is a term coined from a Spanish word meaning to move. Motivation entail the psychological mechanism that rejuvenates the mind causing stimulation, direction, and persistence of involuntary actions that are targeted to the success of a particular undertaking (Blanchard et al, 1985). By definition motivation is the in- built willingness to exert the necessary effort toward an individual or organizational goal, powered by the efforts ability to satisfy a certain need. In this circumstance, a need is a certain drive that makes certain outcomes becomes attractive (Blanchard et al, 1985). There are several theories that try to explain motivation and its effects ...

Introduction

Communication is a dynamic human activity that is defined and influenced by many factors. Interpersonal communication is especially influenced by the environment within which individuals live. As a consequence of the factors that inform interpersonal communication, there often arises conflict between different communicants. Depending on whether one comes from a culture that values independence or one in which interdependence is the norm, conflicts are resolved differently. In this proposal I will outline the path I intend to take to examine the different ways in which conflict is resolved in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures (Adler and Proctor II 395).

Research Problem

The researcher proposes ...

“Genocide” is the term used to describe a mass destruction of, or within a particular group, based on racial, religious, or ethnic discrimination, with deliberate and systematic motives. The term “Genocide” was coined by Raphael Lemkin, in the year 1944. Lemkin was a lawyer and his book “Axis Rule in Occupied Europe” introduced us to this term for the first time. According to Raphael Lemkin, “Genocide signifies a coordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves.” However, according to the Convention on the Prevention and ...

The Communist Manifesto

Introduction
First published as Das Kommuniste Che Manifest, the Communist Manifesto was commissioned by the communist league, a political organization formed by working class individuals in northern Europe. The manifesto was jointly authored by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel. Though much credit was initially given to Engel, he later told the world that the manifesto was purely based on the ideas of Karl Marx. The manifesto is best understood through an analysis of the challenges faced by the working class in Europe (Marx & Engels 2009). Essentially, the writing is based on class struggles. According to Karl Marx, class struggles ...

Is technology now threatening the nature and perhaps the very existence of the live performing arts and how those arts should respond to the changes being brought about by technology?
The fast pace development of technology is often cited as the reason why live performing arts are no longer as popular as it was before. The ticket sales for new motion pictures and 3D movies are way higher than theater shows and other similar productions’. Indeed, it is tempting to generalize that technological advancements have made the nature of live arts an obsolete and non-profitable one. However, there ...

Introduction

Mass culture is often used as an opposite term of high culture, and refers to a culture form that is linked to the contemporary society. An analogy of atomization is used in describing the mass culture, where it is argued that people relate like the atoms found in a compound. The culture covers the majority of people. It is also described and mostly related to globalizations since it is closely linked to the institutionalization of different processes and their different lifestyles. It has been resourceful since problems to deal with mass culture are at the moment being experienced in the society. ...

Michael Faraday was born on 22 September 1791 in the southern part of London. Due to his disadvantaged background, he was not able to attend full education only achieving basic literacy (Faraday 1). At the age of 14, he apprenticed under a local bookbinder. For the next 7 years, he educated himself by reading books on a wide range of subjects mostly scientific (Hamilton 23; Scientific papers). In 1812, at the age of 20, Faraday received some tickets for a series of lectures conducted by the eminent scientist Humphrey Davy of the Royal University of Great Britain. He attended four lectures and ...

Introduction

Human beings’ desire to employ substance that provides narcotic effects or pleasurable stimulation up on the central nervous system has been expressed universally in modern as well as in ancient civilizations. Over time, excessive indulgence in such drugs came to be considered as a criminal behavior whose penalty is long term imprisonment. However, of late, drug abuse has been considered as social and psychiatric problems. It is recognized that drug abuse have staggering costs to the society and the individual, psychologically, socially and economically.
Currently, the world is in industrialization era and metropolitan culture. The era not only provides ...

Criminal law

Is risk a gendered phenomenon?
Criminologists are in consensus on the universality of gender gap in crime. Women are at an average statistics less to commit criminal acts. Patterns of offences committed by women and male are noteworthy both for their differences and for similarities. This variation of risk-taking depends on organizations of gender, motivational factors, context of risk, as well as biological factors. The issue of risk being a gender phenomenon varies in diverse content domains, this include financial, recreational, social, ethical, as well as safety.
In the past decade, a lot of study has been carried out on ...

Evolutionary ethics

Ethics or moral philosophy is a division of philosophy, which addresses issues revolving around morality; what is considered right or wrong, good or evil. Ethics of revolution can be categorized into metaphysics, normative ethics, or descriptive ethics. Such approaches may sometimes be found in fields of science such as psychology of evolution, sociobiology, or ethnology with a center on perceptive and clarifying observed principles alternatives and their origins (Levy, 2010).
Ethics is a part of a system deeds that accord with standards of behavior that can either be right or wrong .There are several of the term ethics for instance, moral standards ...