Theory Critical Thinkings Samples For Students

Little progress has been made so far in demystifying the controversy of judging the criterion of what is right or wrong. Since the dawn of philosophy, the question of the “summum bonum” or the greatest good concerning morality. The question has resulted in division into sects and schools warning against each other and is recognized as the core problem when thinking speculatively.

According to the Kantian theory, the basis of defining good or bad is based on the will or the intention behind the action. There is nothing impossible to think of in the world or outside it ...

- Find an outline an example of one economic policy/practice from any country that fits into the realist perspective of IPE. Don’t all choose the same country

The great example of the economic policy in realist context is Russian gas policy. Currently Russia uses its neighbor Ukraine to deliver gas to Europe, however the emergence of new projects for Russian gas exports to Europe provoked the gas conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which began at the turn of 2005-2006. Then Ukraine created obstacles to the free transit of Russian gas to Europe. Particularly acute gas war was at the turn of 2008-2009. The absence of the Russian-Ukrainian agreements on gas supplies and its conditions of transit interrupted the supply of hydrocarbons from Russia to Europe through ...

Just to begin with, it is prudent to note that each individual think. However, there are different levels of thinking; that is critical thinking and the regular thinking. The term critical thinking refers to a higher order thinking which entails the use of tools of analysis also known as the tools of critical thinking in order to discern what is true and what is false. Good critical thinking must meet the following criteria: clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, good reason, depth, breadth, fairness and relevance.

This implies that critical thinking is the process of thinking clearly with precision and accuracy, thinking ...

Q. 1 - The first term that I will discuss is the Fundamental attribution error-which is defined as “the tendency to overestimate the extent to which people’s behavior stems from internal, dispositional factors and to underestimate the role of situational factors” (Aronson, Akert, Wilson & Fehr, 2013, p. 10). Simply put, the fundamental attribution error refers to the judgment of the negative actions of other people. This concept compels the observers to downplay the effects of situations in explaining human behavior.
- The second concept was the Social Comparison Theory. This theory postulates that, “people ...

Abstract

In this essay, the four main points in which Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection is based on are presented and explained: variation, inheritance, high rate of population growth and differential of survival and reproduction.

After this, and regarding the colleague’s previous answer about the topic, a relation is established between the factors that the colleague stated, being that a population’s distribution, density and abundance are intimately related to the four main points discussed earlier, of variation, inheritance, high rate of population growth and differential of survival and reproduction, helping one another to be able to happen within a certain ...

Questions of ethics have troubled humanity since the dawn of time. In the Book of Genesis, the first controversy involved the decision to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil – in other words, to know that it was possible to commit evil, and to experience temptation. The serpent couches this as the chance to be like God; when the first couple actually eats the fruit, though, they find that the possibility of evil in the world is not a source of empowerment but instead is a recipe for tragedy. The consequences of their decision only takes ...

Introduction

Language acquisition denotes the procedure by which humans gain the ability to recognize and understand language, along with the ability to create and make use of words and sentences for the purpose of communication. Language acquisition is considered to be one of the exemplary human qualities,
Philosophers in early societies were concerned in how humans gained the ability to comprehend and create language well ahead of experimental methods for trying those theories that were developed. However, for the major part they seemed to consider language acquisition as a division of man's ability to gain information and become skilled at ...

Daktronics' Capital Structure Policy

Worksheet 5:
Current Debt-Equity Policy of the company:
Referring to the financial statements of the company, we came to know that since the company has not acquired any debt financing in its capital structure, the debt equity ratio has been zero(0) since 2010. Thus, although the company is trading without any financial risk, but since it is not using the available debt resources, it is letting go the advantages offered by debt financing in the form of tax shield. Thus, the treasurer should consider including debt financing as it will only add value to the company ...

Improving Organization Retention

When organizations fail in retaining their quality employees, they are often left with are under qualified and understaffed workforce that will eventually have an effect on the organization’s ability towards being competitive. Work retention is an important element in a functioning organization. It has an important relationship with the management skills in the workplace. Every organization has to implement strategies that are specifically designed to improve programs that attract employees, develop their skills, retain, and utilize their equitably, fairly, and professionally (Guerro, 2007). Any organization that wants to they keep their employees from leaving their current jobs and joining ...

The rational choice theory is of the opinion that an individual acts by weighing the costs and benefits brought about by an action at the end through the use of personal advantage. As far as crime is concerned, the theory assumes that the rational decisions made by criminals to engage in any crime are made through the revision of all outcomes and possibilities. The outcomes depend on the benefits the criminals get by committing these crimes. Criminals do however consider the consequences of their actions, such as imprisonment and tread with care in the process of committing a crime. The ...

Introduction

Recently, the role of a managerial accountant is widely discussed in the scholars. Johnson and Kaplan (1991) argue that management accounting is “too late, too aggregated, and too distorted to be relevant for managers’ planning and control decisions” (1). Haedr (2012) considered the mediation effect of management accounting information on motivation using contingency theory stating that “MAI usefulness accounts for a full (i.e. complete) mediation effect only on the relationship between centralization and MCS effectiveness.” (n.p.). As the number of views cannot present a unified opinion on the matter, the purpose of the current paper to reveal whether the functions of the ...

McGregor’s theory x and y are suppositions of management that explain the behaviors of certain workers in business institutions. These theories help managers deal with these workers in ways that promote maximum and quality output.
According to McGregor’s presumptions, human resources are depicted in two broad dimensions. Firstly, theory x depicts employees as lazy, and they suffer from deprived motivation. Consequently, theory y argues that workers are innovative, self-motivated, and determined. However, the paper will lay focus on theory y. This theory asserts that majority of employees have an emotional urge to put more effort in ...

Abstract

Human development is an area that has been one of the most discussed areas of study in the last one century. Cognitive development of a person from childhood days to adult years was studied extensively by a Swedish psychologist Jean Piaget. He is known as the father of cognitive development theories. His four stages of cognitive development, sensori-motor, pre-operational, concrete, and formal, are still considered to be the foundation of the cognitive development process. Piaget’s theory does not touch upon why individuals develop at a different rate or why there are different developmental stages. Vygotsky, on the other hand, proposed a completely ...

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- The symptoms for a myocardial infarction (heart attack) are different in men and women, as in women the symptoms can be discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach followed by shortness of breath, or breaking out in cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, or light headedness. In men the symptoms are different as compared to women such as serious chest pain often related with heart attacks, heart beating at a rapid rate, change ...

This chapter details the authors attempt to improve organization performance through investigating of cognitive and effective domains of human. The chapter mainly dwells on the three basic domains of personality, perception and attribution. At the start, the paper describes personality theory as factor that is mainly influenced by heredity and the environment. The paper recommends that mangers need to carry out personal personality measure in order to adjust well in the organization (Ashkanasy, 2002). This approach will enable him/her to apply effectively utilizes personality theory in the organization and understands that his/her team members have diver’s personality. The ...

The research question is both relevant and interesting. The Parahippocampal white Volume Predicts ad Risk In Cognitively Normal Old Adults published on 17 Jan 2014, the study found out that PWM atrophy provided a sensitive MRI biomarker of dementia risk among those with normal cognitive function. The abstract begins by examining the previous studies that had been done on the subject. All of the studies documented concentrated on the gray matter and its predictive of the cognitive decline yet very little had been done on the white matter as a probable MRI biomarker predictive of AD. The study investigated Parahippocampal white ...

Service Management Ideas

Service management ideas can be taken to mean new opinions in an organization in which the management uses to enhance organization’s service delivery. Management ideas arise after the assessment of the organization’s service delivery. Once the management service delivery is wanting or if there is inefficiency in the service delivery of the organization, then a need for the organization change develop. During this time, the management of the organization calls for all stakeholders to the organization to come as a team and develop ideas to help the organization increase efficiency in its service delivery.
Service management ideas are ...

The task of this paper on motivation is designed to describe the two scenarios provided from a motivation standpoint. The first chosen scenario is the one involving the person who bought a new Audi car who sees the word ‘FUSE’ lit up on the dashboard, followed by an annoying beeping sound after which the car dies. Several trips to the dealership in an effort to get the car fixed inspires emotional annoyance and creates inconvenience. The second chosen scenario involves Jill who meets Jack on a roller coaster ride and falls madly in love with him. In the beginning of their acquaintance ...

Business

The speaker Tony Robbins is a famous life coach who talks on business and specifically talks about “why we do what we do”. The speaker in the video highlights that there are invisible forces that shape us and drive action. For instance, the effective leaders are those who motivate themselves and others to action because they understand about internal motivational forces affecting human thought processes and cognitions. In addition, the resourcefulness that comprises of creativity, determination, curiosity, love, passion and resolve is more important than resources (time, money, knowledge, technology). Tony Robbins stresses his core argument that decisions make destiny ...

Linking facts and theories across disciplines can be adopted by the learning institutions as a way of backing the disciplines used in the learning institutions. Theories and facts are interdependent in that they rely on and support each other. The process could be used to encourage the learners to relate theories with facts for proof of their arguments. To what extent is music more reliable than other disciplines? Well while looking at music, mathematics, natural sciences and ethics, we will find out that music is not more consistent; nevertheless, all learning fields entail different knowledge. However, music tends to be ...

Introduction

The theory of knowledge obligation is an essential key to the educational philosophy. From a philosophic point of view, neutral question is the question that is obvious interpreted from a questioner who has not vested any interest on the answer. In other words, the questioner will accept the answer that is given out or emerges from anyone. Neutral question is a leading question in the argumentative essay that is well distinguished in the legal world of philosophy. In this case, witnesses are asked questions that are designed and produce a certain answer that will settles the questioner’s prove and will. However, collecting ...

Introduction

In order to critically analyze the theories surrounding the development of tourism, it is crucial that this paper provide a brief picture of the situation of tourism sector in developing states. For the past few centuries, the definition of tourism as well as travel has evolved tremendously (Cohen 2010, p.5). For decades, traveling has been known to be a simple and temporary journey that focuses on leisure, pleasure and recreational reasons, in other terms, a luxury item. The 20th Century proved this wrong by ushering in a paradigm shift in regard to tourism. The transition has been found to have taken move between ...

Introduction

Competitive advantage is the ability of a firm that it develops in relation to its competitors that allows it to outperform them (Peteraf, 1993). If a firm can outperform competitors consistently, then it is called sustainable competitive advantage (Rodrigues and Dorrego, 2008). For example, Apple created groundbreaking products like iPhone, MacBook and iPad better in quality and features than others and its continued success and the never declining popularity of its products provides the company with a competitive advantage over its competitors. Sustainable competitive advantage cannot be developed overnight; rather it is built slowly over a period of time based upon unique competencies. ...

The ministry for adult faith formation within my parish has evolved over the years with transformations that reflect the basic needs of an adult faithful currently around the world (Huebsch Page 12-24). Even though the transformations have seen some developments in the approaches the ministry has used in its activities, much still remains to be desired in that most things are still pegged on the old age doctrines. I would rate my parish’s adult faith formation as a moderate one that has systematically avoided extreme stands in its approaches. It has been slow in embracing fast moving changes in ...

Deontology and consequentialism are dominant theories that are related to the contemporary normative ethics. Consequentialism is a theory in which all the actions that can be termed as right yield desired outcomes (Betzler 13). On the other hand, deontology, which is a theory that was developed by Kant, identifies rightness through the features of acts as opposed to the outcomes. For instance, in case consequentialism needs to sacrifice an innocent person for the greater benefit, deontology can end up forbidding this move on the basis that it violates the rights of innocent persons, or rather lead to the violation of various ...

Introduction

Pragmatically, the deviant behaviour of white-collar criminals provides students of sociology a different exploration of how human nature works in clandestine operations in plain view. Society, at least superficially does not suspect a so-called white-collar individual of criminal behaviour in general, as stereotypes tend to lead people’s thoughts in the direction one way or another. While, the dishevelled, unkempt, anti-social “looking” individual exists as suspect of deviant behaviour by his/her mere appearance including labelled as a criminal in some regards, the white collar individual stands in society appearance wise as an upstanding citizen (Goode 2008).

Historically, the concept of white collar is not so new:

Edwin Sutherland created the concept of ...

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I particularly believed that Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs encompasses and explains the motivation needs of an individual. It explained that the motivation of people is based on the achievement of specific needs. The needs of an individual are hierarchical. The attainment of the basic needs, as defined by Maslow, progresses as a person goes on with his daily life. The satisfaction on each stage eventually reaches the highest need known as self-actualization. These needs range from physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem and self-actualization .
The deficiency or absence of basic needs ...

The deductive study conducted my Audia and Greve, entitled “Less Likely to Fail: Low Performance, Firm Size, and Factory Expansion in the Shipbuilding Industry” is structured as a typical research question, containing introduction, literature review, methodology, results and conclusion. The study includes four hypothesis, formulated in accordance with the literature review findings. The hypotheses have affirmative value, guiding the study’s development towards finding whether or not research supports them.
The literature review contributes to deducing the hypotheses in the analyzed study. The authors rely on previous developed studies for stating the four hypotheses presented in this research. The ...

Research Critic Paper

Introduction and thesis statement
This article wholly enlightens the concerned on the criticality of training in an organization. It elaborates further on the significance of imparting pertinent knowhow to the human resource managers who are the chief drivers of business. Education is perceived as the base gear to success of an institution and thus it should fully be embraced. Human resource personnel are allocated very crucial mandates such as recruitment of new employees, distribution of the institution's resources and are also expected to foresee the development of the organization. Training equips them with information needed to manipulate their ...

- What is meant by a Complex Internal Constituency? Explain how this effect can have deleterious consequences to the police organization.
Complex internal constituency is the situation where within an organization that deals with criminal justice there are various participants who have internal conflicts between them and at the same time they operate in such a manner as to achieve their own goals and objectives. This type of setting can lead to deleterious consequences to the police organization due to the fact that, such organizations need to work in coordination and with unilateral vision and mission and in case if ...

1. Discuss specific contributions to nursing science that have been influenced by applied theories
Nursing theories contribute to the improvement of the nursing science by providing a framework for thought when examining different situations. When new situations are encountered in the daily nursing practice, this framework serves as a structure for analysis, organization and decision-making (Alligood & Marriner-Tommy, 2010). Moreover, nursing theories provide a mechanism for communication among the health care team. In essence, nursing theories help the nursing science discipline in clarifying values, beliefs and goals. Furthermore, the theories are pertinent in defining the special contribution of nursing in the care ...

English –Creative Thinking

Chapter 4
In Chapter 4, Tolle explains how Ego functions through role playing. Ego wants to find a way of getting what it wants. It is always playing a role. Sometimes it might be through seeking attention, sometimes through lack of attention or even pity from others. Some will seek positive attention, and when they don’t get it, they might go for the negative attention (54).
We all have a role or function to play in the world. Some are doctors; some are counsellors, some parents, some teachers. These functions become role playing, and in some cases they become ...

Introduction

Knowledge is defined as the accurate understanding or acquaintance with areas of human survival. The more advanced understandings we have with on environment represent our improved survival. Humans traditionally gain knowledge through two sources. The first is through books. Books have always been the elementary source of knowledge from a very tender age. Children are not the only a group that use books or other written sources to gain knowledge but also adults.
Despite the fact that books are very informative, experience is also another vital source of knowledge for humans. Experience is very vital as it uses real situations ...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) refer to a group of several neurodevelopment syndromes that havedisorders having a poorly understood etiology. Mental The term ASD has been used by several mental health professionals use the term ASD to represent not only classic autism but also Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, CDD and PDD-NOS (NHS 2012)—disorders that refer to syndromes that share the same impairments (Romero-Munguia 2013).HYPERLINK "http://en.plagiarismdetect.com/plagiarism/index/8c2ae26f5e9428176d21bb1f0bea960009307af6/25242?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ablockabove.com%2Fwhy-fluency" \t "_blank"Romero-Munguia 2013). These are autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome (AS), and pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), also known as atypical autism (NHS 2012). ASD is characterized by developmental ...

Distance learning started around the early 1700s by Caleb Phillips in Boston where he taught scholars by sending week after week sends to them. Isaac Pitman throughout the 1840s began showing a gathering of learners through correspondence. With the progression in engineering, the notoriety of distance learning expanded to an extensive degree and in 2008, few taking in projects were begun in the United States of America in the forty four states. The principal college to offer distance learning in the United Kingdom was the University of London in the year of 1858. The system was known as the University ...

The Marxism theory is the cornerstone of all relationships, but suggests that the economy can bring power, while the conflict theory is only the cornerstone of all relationships. They both advocate for social relationships, but the latter does not support the issue that power can only be gained by economics. Conflict theory is an alternative of functionalism, and it gives a macro sociological perspective (Bartos & Wehr, 2002).
It brings out the elements that are normally constant in the society, and these are hostility and resentment. Power is different in the different levels of social status. Resources are also fought ...

The importance or significance of nursing theory in the profession of nursing

Nursing theory is the phrase given to the body of knowledge that is used to describe or explicate the various aspects of the profession of nursing. The theory is meant to offer a framework for nursing practice, examination, tutoring, and management and provides professional boundaries all geared up to make nursing an independent profession. There is various importance or significance of nursing theory in the profession (Alligood, 2010). For instance, the nursing theory aims at describing, predicting, and explain the phenomenon of nursing. In addition, it provides the basis of nursing practices helping to engender further knowledge as well as ...

Introduction

The proper execution of Advanced Nursing Practice is very much reliant on theory analysis and evaluation. Analysis refers to the objective and nonjudgmental description of a nursing theory while evaluation involves the judgments about the extent to which a nursing theory satisfies certain criteria (Fawcett, 2000). Theory analysis and evaluation entails the systematic and detailed review of all available primary sources such as publications and presentations by theorists (Fawcett, 2000). Theory Analysis and Evaluation are done in order to determine the exact assertions and practicality of a theory instead of relying on inferences from other authors on that theory.
The relevance ...

Introduction

The social norms theory states that human behavior is influenced by inaccurate perceptions of the manner in which other members of social groups act and think. In recent times, prevention approaches that are based on the social norms theory have grown in popularity. Evidence now indicates that they can be very effective if implemented correctly. According to the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA, 2002), there are promising initial results obtained from programs that adopt an intensive social norms approach. According to NIAAA, there are reductions of up to 20% in the levels of high-risk drinking in a ...

The strategy of conceptual mapping is used in burnout. The strategy involves incorporating the main aim of research in general conceptualization and findings. This strategy involves an understanding of Nursing research findings, and why or how the intervention should work and what happens if the intervention does not work.
The Concept Mapping for developing your Research Appalachian State University Boone article consists of different advances in helping the reader understand different variables and how they are linked to each other. The author is seen to adhere to conceptual mapping factors pinpointed by Batey. The author first tells the ...

Introduction

This report contains the results of regression analysis for four variables captured in the Springdale community shopping survey. The analysis established that there was significant linear relationship between attitude towards Springdale and ease of return/exchange of goods. However, there was no significant linear relationship between the attitude towards Springdale and a lot of bargain price. On the other hand, it was found that there was significant linear relationship between attitude towards West Mall and a lot of bargain sales. On the contrary, there was no significant linear relationship between attitude towards West Mall and ease of return/exchange of goods.
- ...

Introduction

This paper reports the results of hypothesis test conducted on eleven variables captured in the Springdale community shopping survey. The null hypothesis was rejected in nine out of the eleven variables analyzed.

Analysis

- Mean and standard deviation

Springdale Mall

Mean = 3.813
Standard deviation = 1.064

Downtown

Mean = 3.407
Standard deviation = 1.124

West Mall

= 3.287
Standard deviation = 1.183
- Hypothesis testing

Springdale

Null hypothesis: H0: µ = 3.0

Alternative hypothesis: H1: µ ≠ 3.0

T-calculated = (- ∆) ÷ (/)
Where ∆ = 3.0
9.360
T-critical = 1.655

T-calculated value is greater than upper t-critical value

Null hypothesis is rejected
Downtown
Null hypothesis: H0: µ = 3.0

Alternative hypothesis: H1: µ ≠ 3.0

T-calculated = (- ∆) ÷ (/)
Where ∆ = 3.0
4.432
T-critical = 1.655

T-calculated value is greater than upper t-critical value

Null hypothesis is rejected
...

Plate Tectonic Theory

The continental drift theory stated that the world was formed of a single continent that separated and drifted apart to form 7 continents that exist today. According to Alfred Wegner, a German meteorologist, the continents were comprised of light rocks that rested on heavy crustal material. According to Wegner, the continents were previously a single large continent that broke apart and drifted along the floor of the ocean up to wear the continents are located today. While Wegner used the fit of the 2 continents that had already been mentioned, he also used lithological similarity and fossil distribution as evidence.
Wegner’ ...

“America” is a poem written by Allen Ginsberg in the 1958. The poem revolves around the life of the speaker, who feels overwhelmed by life in U.S. Specifically, the speaker is dissatisfied with the level of capitalism in the country, which makes him admire his communist upbringing. He also conveys his admiration for Marxism. Although there are several literary strategies (put forward by different theorists) on the best means to interpret a text, none would be more appropriate than Michael Foucault’s in analyzing Ginsberg’s poem.
In his articles “The Archaeology of Knowledge” and “What is an Author?” Michael ...

In an age of scientific advancement, it is easy to take for granted a number of widely-held facts and theories that have been largely substantiated by scientific inquiry. One of these fundamental theories is the theory of evolution-- much of science and medicine is built upon the foundation of evolutionary theory. Without an understanding of evolutionary theory, modern medicine would not have advanced to the point that it has; humanity's ability to produce vaccines and do work on genetic diseases and stem cells would be severely curtailed, if not impaired entirely. Indeed, without Darwin's introduction of evolutionary theory, humanity's understanding ...

Article Review

The article is about the study conducted by Smith and Searles (2013) on determining whether fair and balanced news or difference in opinion matters for media effects. It encompasses the exploration of both the effects and content opinion shows during the 2008 presidential election (Smith and Searles 671). According to the study, opinion changes opinion. On the case of TV shows devoted to attacking opposition candidate instead of praising candidates with the same, opinions conveyed in opinion shows, newspaper editorial, and political talk radio programs has the capacity to change the public’s perception. The exploration of the given ...

The present article is devoted to the issue of the existing educational research methods review, and an attempt to evaluate the efficiency of each method choice. To begin with, I would like to refer to the information from the sources, which comply the review. It is common knowledge, that the contemporary research world is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary, complex, and dynamic. Thus many researchers need to complement one method with another, get a solid understanding of multiple methods used by other scholars to promote collaboration, cooperation, facilitate development and communication, and elaborate a superior and the most efficient research. The present article ...

Hamilton’s rule states that social behavior of organisms is supported by natural selection but only if rb-c>0, where r represents the genetic relatedness between actors and beneficiaries, b denotes the benefit that the social behavior confers on the beneficiary, and c is the cost that the social behavior imposes on the actor (Alonso, 2002). It is important to note that the rule suggests that the cost will most certainly diminish the appropriateness of the agent and on the other hand that the benefits will increase the suitability of the agent. Although this is the case, the rule is ...

In the American employment law, the disparate impact doctrine holds that the employment practices might be termed as discriminatory and also illegal if they include a disproportionate or the adverse impact on members belonging to minority groups. In the same doctrine, when Title VII of 1964 civil rights act is violated, it might be proved through presentation of an employment practice or the employment policy that have a disproportionately adverse negative effect on individuals of the protected class as it is compared with the non-members of protected class. This doctrine always prohibits employers from using facially neutral practice in employment which ...

Any study focusing on religion should begin with a definition of the concept. However, the term religion assumes different meaning depending on perspective of people. In his book, Religion in society: A sociology of religion, Johnstone Ronald takes a sociological perspective in defining religion. The author defines religion as “a system of beliefs and practices by which a group of people interprets and responds to what they feel as sacred and, usually supernatural as well” (Johnstone 13). Johnstone derives the meaning of religion from the Latin word ‘Religare’ meaning, ‘to bind together,’ pointing to the concept of fellowship or a group (7). The definition ...

Question 1

Steps of hypothesis testing
Here, the researcher identifies his population of interest, value of the parameter which in this case is hypothesized and the parameter of the variable he intends to investigate. This variable can be categorical, continuous or discrete. The variable will define which statistical test will be suitable on the collected data set.
- Specify alternative and null hypotheses.
Here, the researcher states his research question in terms of alternative hypotheses or null hypotheses. Null hypotheses is a positive while alternative hypotheses is negative.
It also involves selecting a significance level and evaluate the assumptions ...

Let me begin by a confession that at the start of this module, I did not anticipate so much. As a matter of fact, I thought it will be straightforward. They say change is inevitable; like growing. You can’t do anything to change the inevitable, can you? On hindsight, I now look at my initial disinterest with a lot of dismay. I was on the brink of missing out on one of the most significant aspects of an organization’s survival. I am now aware that change is actually an optimization process in the quest for an ideal state. On a professional ...

Dixon and Wilkinson’s article “An Alternative Paradigm for Marketing Theory” advances the idea that marketing, as all the sciences, is in a continuous change and transformation, based on older paradigms inserted in new research models for developing an emerging functionalism. The article explain that when “normal science”, enrooted in the accepted paradigms that serve as theories, is challenged, because paradigms that support it are no longer adequate, scientific revolution occurs and older paradigms are updated, and this is how the Kuhn’s Paradigm is described.
Further the article explores Alderson’s General Living System Theory, which supports that ...

In sociology, crime and deviance are studied when cultural norms, changes it goes through over time and the consequences that occur when they are broken are studied. With help of norms, individuals learn to exert self control from the activities that might destroy the peace of a society. Social norms differ in different parts of the world. It means that if for one society a certain social act is abhorred it might be considered normal in another society. Sociologists study the reasons behind these differences and how it effects the population living in those societies.
Deviance is the name given ...

Goal-Setting Motivation Theory

Goal-setting theory is a motivation theory that assumes behavior is motivated by internal intentions, objectives or goals. It predicts that individuals will put effort toward achieving their goals, and that job performance is a function of the set goals. According to this theory, there are 2 cognitive determinants of behavior which are values and goals (intentions). A goal can be simply defined as something an individual consciously tries to do. Usually, an individual’s values develop a desire to perform things that are consistent with them. On the other hand, goals direct attention and action. Goals that are challenging mobilize energy and ...

The only motivation theory necessary that would apply to my workforce is he “Need Theory.” This theory stipulates that humans or the workforce would be most motivated when their needs are fulfilled. However, the same theory states that the human may have a wide range of needs over different times. Maslow hierarchy of needs continue to show how greatly the needs of human beings differ over time.
Human beings work effortlessly with a sole purpose of achieving their needs. However, the needs according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are in levels and the top level need cannot be met ...

- Introduction
This paper aims to explore and explain different issues associated with human rights. The focus of this paper is on the violations of human rights in China. In this paper, different theories of human rights have been discussed including rational choice theory, strain theory, differential association theory, and others.
- Discussion
- Human Rights: Theoretical Overview
2.1.1. Rational Choice Theory
The rational choice theory has made valuable contributions towards the development of international scholarship. The theory has described different aspects of international law within the framework of rational choice (Murdoch 989). The ...

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Abstract

The quantitative research is a data research of some hypothesis, which can be checked by using mathematical or statistical techniques. This means employing of some mathematical models and methods (performing calculations). These calculations are based on empirical observations given in a data set. This data has a numeric form.
The qualitative research refers to understanding some phenomena (for example, human behavior) – how and why people do or think something. The quantitative methods are usually can support qualitative researches. The one of the most usual methods to collect the data for qualitative research is to ...

Many different psychologists have theorized about the human mind and how unconsciousness plays a part in how we react to these thoughts or behaviors. Personally I feel that the theories put forth by Jung present the most complete picture and reflects how I view unconsciousness affects the thought process. The theories of Jung represent an innovative approach to therapy and how we understand human nature. Jung proposes that our mind is more complex than we may have previously thought.
Most humans experiences these theories in some way nearly every day. Individuals are constantly working to categorize and analyze the ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Classic Free Trade Theory: Comparative Advantage Theory
Economists have claimed that free trade or no intervention in international trade is good for everybody. According to them, free trade help all sides of international trade. Seller countries develop their production skills and they can specialize on certain goods. Buyer countries can receive some products that they are not specialized in.
There is a main stream theory in explaining how international trade occurs: Comparative advantage theory in international trade. Basically this theory claims that each country has some adavantages in production technologies, expertise, educated human resource, and other required resources ...