Essays on Stagnation

Introduction

Development is a word that describes the process of growth, adaptation, and changes that people undergo during their lifetime characterized by personality, physical, cognitive, socioemotional, and language developments. The work of developmental psychologists helps the society to understand different developmental theories and how they influence life in various stages of life through various development theories. Development theories describe various factors that influence the development pattern of an individual that include hereditary and environmental factors. On the other hand, other psychological experts argue that development is controlled by nature and nurture that combine to influence biological factors. However, psychological developments ...

There are many theories as to how a person may become who he or she is. Some people believe that they are directly shaped by the events that happen in a person’s past, while other thinkers state that people go through different dialectical stages that led up to one’s current state. In this sense, there are many elements that one must be aware of in order to adequately analyze one’s life development. Three of the most important development theorists are B. F. Skinner, John Watson and Erik Erikson; these three men founded Operant Conditioning, Behaviorism and ...

Erik Erikson’s theory of identity crisis emphasizes on cultural and social roles in the identity of the ego (Engler, 23). According to him, it is possible for people to continue developing in their adulthood. The stages that develop in adulthood are Intimacy and Isolation, Generativity and Stagnation, and Ego Integrity and Despair. In the Intimacy and Isolation stage, young adults are likely to try and build their self-esteem. However, both Erikson and Piaget admit that in adulthood behavior is determined by the person nurture and nature. Therefore, in adulthood, people build on to what they already have from ...

Smoking, drinking, overeating and accumulating stressors are behaviors that become pronounced in adulthood though they trace their origins to a much younger age probably around the teenage years. These behaviors do not just crop up out of the blues. They start and develop over a period. The various theories and theorists in this context are keen on pointing out the psychosocial nature of an individual. They show how the actions and expectations of a person conflict with those of society and how that could therefore lead to various behaviors in adulthood. The theories in contexts have their different ways ...

1. The Financial Crisis: Avoidable but Inevitable Theoretically, the financial crisis could have been avoided as investigation findings revealed . Under the circumstances however, the crisis was an inevitable consequence of everything that was going. The Federal inquiry concluded that the 2008 financial crisis could have been avoided. The crisis was the result of “widespread failures in government regulation, corporate mismanagement and heedless risk-taking by Wall Street”. It was the result of “greed, ineptitude or both” on the part of government and the private sector. Among the persons found responsible for the crisis included Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan and, ...

Money and prices in the long run and open economies dictate the financial market. As such, that is why factors such as domestic variables and foreign monetary policies are over-emphasized. Demand for money is thus affected by the domestic variables, which include interest rates, price expectations, and permanent income, among others. As such, this paper explores the financial market to reveal the viable strategies the US can adapt to secure reliable money and prices in an open economy on a long-term basis.

The state of US Financial Market

Over the years, the economy of the US has been in good shape, especially when compared to ...

Introduction

Brazil is one of the fascinating developing economies, which economic and social progress over the period of 2003-2014 lifted over 29 million people from extreme poverty. Based on the World Bank (2015) statistics, the inequality rate in the country fell by 11% with the income level of the poorest 40% of the population rose by as much as 7.1% over the same period. At the same time, global financial crisis and political instability in the country over the past few years have had its negative impact on the economy as a whole, reflecting stagnation in inequality reduction and deterioration ...

Insecure Attachment and Identity Formation Issues

Abstract This paper will seek to examine the effect of forming insecure attachment in leading to unsuccessful identity achievement in human beings. This question is answered by examining the attachment theory and relating it to identity formation. It will also examine how these two issues affect healthy development in each stage of the life span based on Erickson’s psychosocial developmental stages. According to the attachment theory, attachment mainly determines different aspects of human relationships and interaction. This in turn, leads to social and emotional development issues in individuals during different life stages. Some of the problems identified included ...

The end of the Second World War ushered Japan into a completely different era. A new constitution was instituted that made Japan a parliamentary democracy. The constitution recognizes the emperor as a ceremonial leader. Actual activities of the legislative and executive arm of government is to be split between a bicameral parliamentary system (the National Diet) and the Prime Minister who heads a cabinet elected by the National Diet and approved by the Emperor. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) led Japan for many decades before they were defeated by a landslide victory by the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) ...

Insecure Attachment and Identity Formation Issues

Abstract: This paper will seek to examine the effect of forming insecure attachment in leading to unsuccessful identity achievement in human beings. This question is answered by examining the attachment theory and relating it to identity formation. It will also examine how these two issues affect healthy development in each stage of the life span based on Erickson’s psychosocial developmental stages. According to the attachment theory, attachment mainly determines different aspects of human relationships and interaction. This in turn, leads to social and emotional development issues in individuals during different life stages. This research paper includes an in-depth ...

Introduction

It is imperative to note that productivity growth is an aspect that is often used by economists to gauge the performance of an economy. In evaluating the living standards of a country in the long-term, the efficiency with which capital and labor are combined has a significant role to play. However, it is worth noting that productivity alone cannot be relied on to measure the performance of an economy as it is inefficient. The concept has made most analysts to focus on other features such as labor productivity, a figure that is often arrived at by dividing the total ...

Resolving the Case with Neuman’s System Theory

As a nurse in a primary care clinic, one meets a 48 year old female patient who has been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The patient is now engaged in nutritional counseling at the clinic. As one of the measures to manage her health, she is required to undergo weight loss; however, she experiences dietary challenges because she lives in a large family. It seems hard for her to make changes on diet composition since she has to cook for her husband, two children and father in-law. She feels that the other members of the family will ...

Market Structure

In simple terms, market structure refers to the classification of the various types of markets, based on their unique features on how they allocate prices of a given product in the market. The aspect is primarily classified into two, which include perfect and imperfect market.

Oligopoly

Refers to a type of market structure where there are few sellers in a given economy with many buyers for the commodity. With oligopoly, the sellers have an influence on the commodity price in the market and can significantly affect competition. An example of a company to indicate the above case is the mobile ...

Essay one (China’s financial system)

Introduction and Thesis Statement The restoration of an economy from a depression requires a careful adoption of strategies. Various measures that governments use to promote the growth of key sectors as wells the entire economy have severe outcomes which must be considered before they are put in practice. Fundamentally, governments implement different fiscal and monetary strategies to solve economic problems, which may be successful or not. Thus, the analysis of the strategy to be deployed becomes essential to achieve the desired objectives. The financial sector in an economy is of central importance. As such, public policies that impact on ...

There is a wide accepted concept that after centuries of development, the Muslim world began to decline in the 15th century. Did it really decline? In this work I would like to illustrate the main trends of developments of the Muslim world in early 15 – early 20 century. We know that in part of the second millennium, and for five centuries later there were many Asian invasions in other regions of the world, wide expansion (Seljuk, Arab, Turkish). But then the stagnation began. Since the "golden age" of the Abbasid Empire, it has not changed territorially. And large areas ...

Introduction

Apple Inc. is an American multinational firm that provides computers, mobile phones, tablets and software and miscellaneous electronic items to the consumers. The top selling and most famous items of Apple include iPhone, iPod, Macintosh, MacBook series of laptops and iPads. The company has a global presence in more than ten large economies through the state of the retail art stores. The origin of the Apple Company goes back to 1976 when it was formed by two co-founders namely Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. The company was founded in a garage in California. The company was incorporated as Apple ...

Every person goes through many changes during his life: his body and mind change and develop because of the influence from society he lives in. The most common changes are cognitive, physical and social, which are inevitable. To the middle of adulthood one experiences his improvement clearly, and accepts the changes as they should be. The understanding and perception of the peculiarities of self-development are the most important issues when discussing human individuality. This paper is to examine social, physical and cognitive changes in middle adulthood for both women and men. The changes acquired with age influence every muscle ...

Reading Summary about Fanon

According to Fanon, nationalist parties aim at mobilizing people in the spirit of independence (97). These parties do not have economic agendas for the nation because of their lack of an idea about their country’s economic status. Nationalist parties always operate on academic and approximate knowledge of the country’s present and potential resources; thus, they can only talk about the economy in the abstract sense. After independence, bourgeoisies undergo considerable stagnation due to the lack of capital and inability to adapt to the road to revolution. Scarce managerial talent and precarious resources force bourgeoisies to focus on ...

Ladies and gentlemen, it is common for economists to advise us to save money. Many times, this sounds like an issue affecting few people, but the reality is that in America, the number of people not saving is significantly highly. According to Sparshott, one of the Wall Street Journal economist, nearly one in every three Americans is saving no money. Besides, the number of the people who set aside some money for future use has reduced from 73% in 2010 to 68% in 2015. Clements, also a Wall Street Journal economist contended that although to some extend savings might ...

How Oil Discovery Changed the Society of Gulf States

Introduction Gulf state is the name given to the six Arabian states within the Persian Gulf. The states within the Persian Gulf include Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Iraq, Qatar, United Arabs Emirates and Saudi Arabia (Vitalis 2004, p. 162). All these countries form the Gulf State except Iraq. Prior to the discovery of oil in the middle east, Saudi Arabia as well as other Gulf states were the countries with the lowest socioeconomic and political development in the whole world. With the climate condition in those area, they could do very little in the field of agriculture. However, after around ...

Write a brief description of the major findings from the paper

The current study examined how much people think and what emotional experience they have about their behavior when they perform habitual actions or actions, behaviors which are not habitual for them. As it was supposed, results of the study demonstrated that when a person performs habitual actions one`s thoughts are less likely to correspond to one`s actions. On the contrary, when a person performs some novelty actions in less stable or variable context this person is more likely to think about one`s actions or, in other words, thoughts and actions correspond to each other.

Identify any strengths or limitations of the research design or methods

One of ...

The documentary from the PBS and Frontline with the title Two American families, is presenting the ordinary and middle income families over the time period of 22 years. The documentary was released in the year 2013. The documentary wanted to present the reality of the American dreams to have a family, own a house and have a steady income with the possibility of retirement at older age. The efforts of two American families the Nuemanns and the Stanleys to succeed in two decades despite the hard work did not work out. It shows that despite the race all middle ...

Political culture is a component of the general culture, a cumulative indicator of political experience, a level of political knowledge and feelings, examples of behavior and functioning of political subjects, the integrated characteristic of a political way of life of the country, a class, the nation, social group of individuals. A feature of political culture is that it makes not policy or political process, but their understanding, an explanation. In the political sphere often the importance is gained not only by real actions and measures of the state but also, by the way they are estimated and perceived in ...

Over the past four decades, China has witnessed a drastic rise in its economy and structural changes. Economically, China has overtaken many economies in the country, especially after the launching of the economic reforms in the 1970s (Li-zhu, 2010). Radical changes in China have been attributed to different factors, such as shifting of its development strategy. Many cities in the world have undertaken different reforms in a bid to restructure and create capacity concerning economic capability. Particularly, the Chinese cities have been on the front line in undertaking resurgence as well as reconstruction reforms. Resurgence is defined as an ...

The 16th century exploits of Christopher Columbus and his men did not only bring about social, cultural and political clashes that created the United States, it also led to the process that resulted in the emergence of the state of Mexico. Mexico is an enigma of a country to the south of the United States border whose recent political, economic and social transformations have been overshadowed by its complex relations with the more prosperous United States. This country profile seeks to examine the history and current state of Mexico. It also explores and analyzes political culture, geography, demography, political ...

Issues of Economic Crisis

The recent recession and the financial crisis have paved the way to uncommon and hostile actions by policymakers of fiscal and monetary policies. Secular stagnation is for ensuring achievement of full employment, for lowering and stabilizing inflation rate, and for maintaining financial stability. Current macroeconomics failed to analyze financial crisis because of its incapability of envisaging current issues prevailing in the economy. Analysis of these topics is essential because they help in determining and then solving the problems of economy by taking adequate measures in a timely manner. There are several causes of recent Great recession. Major causes include ...

Introduction

The severity and suddenness of the financial crisis of 2008-09 had taken the world in surprise. It had an immense impact on the economies around the world. A major casualty was the labor force. Unemployment had increased alarmingly. The astounding fact about the great depression was that the economists and financial analysts failed to predict a crisis that took such a great proportion to engulf the almost the entire world. It raised doubts on the effectiveness of Economics as a predictive science and made the profession of economists questionable in the intellectual spheres. The depression have been mitigated with ...

Theorist Sigmund Freud is well known for his theories about personality development. Freud states that development of an individual's personality happens through stages based on a particular erogenous zone. When a stage is unsuccessfully completed the individual becomes absorbed in that particular zone, and they may indulge in it once they are adults (Freud, 2012). Freud explains the steps as the three stages of development –the oral phase. This stage happens in the period of the birth of a child up to 18 months. A child in this stage pleasures in sucking. Too much sucking or less of it ...

Module

Executive Summary With the changing demand across the emerging economies, the centres of activity in the steel production market are shifting away from the traditional markets in North America and Europe towards Southeast and Central Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Established players are facing increasingly stringent competition from technology-constrained players in the emergent market, coupled with fast growing markets in those countries, which they can capitalise on. This report includes an internal assessment of Severstal, one of the world’s largest steel producers, followed by a five forces analysis of the steel industry. The second section of the paper ...

Classical liberalism had come the full circle of its utility before the 20th century. People seemed satiated with what governmental non-intrusion in the affairs of large industrialists did to their financial wellbeing. People were at no liberty to enjoy the deserved fruits of their labor. Thus, naturally, the welfare state of modern liberalism became a response to the shortcomings of the classical doctrine. However, the WW1 frustration coupled with the Great Depression in later years undermined the prevalence of modern liberalism giving rise to ideologies like Nazism, yet the Keynesian liberalism overcame the corrupt vision. Although an ally of ...

Introduction

China's transformation from a socialist market into a capitalist economy cannot be easily classified into any of the widely known theoretical models of comparative political economy. The two major reforms, the 1980’s market socialism reform and the 1990’s capitalist restoration, elude any well-defined theory of capitalism. However, among the five main theoretical approaches-- the VoC approach, constructivist political economy, the SSA approach, Hemerijck's welfare state transformation scheme, and Esping-Andersen's/Rice's welfare regime typology-- the VoC approach and the SSA approach are the two best theoretical models that can shed light on the continuity and discontinuity between these two ...

Introduction

Russia is a super power that lies on the eastern part of Europe. The country is known for its diverse population, economy, climatic patterns and culture. Currently, Russia is a European nation with a very diverse economic setting. However, the major economic sectors found in the country include sale of primary commodities such as oil, gold and timber. It also engages itself in the sale of id raw materials. The country has is also endowed with vast natural resources. For instance, its population is quite developed and well educated and this forms a great industrial base. This plays a ...

Introduction

The topic of moral paralysis is the central issue in the entire anthology written by James Joyce. The author created his works during the time of economic stagnation of Ireland, which affected his oeuvre. This period of paralysis of the Irish society stemmed from the nationalist movement that promoted independence from Britain in terms of economic, political, and cultural development. During those days it was considered that England was responsible for the stagnation of Ireland by limiting its national identity and the ability to evolve. Therefore, Britain managed to paralyze its citizens, politics, economy, as well as culture by ...

Introduction

In recent years, tourism has increasingly become one of the most important sectors driving economic development in several countries throughout the world. As an industry, the tourism has not only created avenues for local income generation and created jobs but also stimulated the development of other sectors of the economy such as infrastructure, transportation, banking and the hospitality (National Parks UK). The result has been widespread socio-economic development and increased standards of living especially in host communities. However, tourism has also brought about many hidden costs that have been unfavorable to the host community particularly in areas where the ...

It is possible to claim that the theories of Katharsis and Rasa are the different sides of one coin. In some instances it is possible to encounter with an opinion that they are the representatives of the Western and Eastern thought. According to the researchers, “Rasa and Katharsis constitute the ends of theatrical presentation and both appear to answer a basic need of a contrafactual poetic: to express that meaning in terms intrinsic to the work (Gerow 264). Moreover, both concepts involve a vital component that responds to the audience that in some cases tend to define the entire ...

Human history is riddled with stories of competitions where there are a clear winner or winners. I believe competition is necessary because it gives people motivation to continue to get better at school, work, or sports. It is beneficial because, without competition, people would see no point in getting better or trying to succeed. Most importantly, competition in childhood prepares a person for the competition they will face as adults. A child who does learn how to compete with others may have issues dealing with society. Eliminating competition would be bad for society. The majority of humans tend to ...

Executive Summary:

CCM Hockey is a traditional and authentic company that offers long-lasting and reliable hockey equipment. The success of the new line of skates’ launch is paramount to the company. With the launch of new line, the company must re-establish the faith of the customers in the CCM products and gain its position in the market, position that was lost due to past quality issues. CCM Hockey strongly believes that they should target customers in the retail channels, and are focused on selecting a proper positioning/targeting strategiesa proper positioning/targeting strategy, when they launch the new line of skates. Due to ...

Sustainable Tourism: the Importance of Destination Tourism Indicators

Question 1 Tourism lifecycle is a concept proposed by geographer Richard Butler in “Canadian Geographer” journal in 1980. According to Butler, any touristic destination has its own lifecycle. It starts from a moment when a place is unknown to tourists and stays aside of touristic routes. Then mostly due to a word of mouth popularity of the destinations starts growing, local residents become involved in the process of hosting guests and corresponding infrastructure appears (hotels, transport, catering etc.). At certain moment local tourism infrastructure becomes developed at maximum level, at which it can host peak number of tourists. And ...

While the Target Corporation has achieved a great deal over the last few decades, it is also clear that over the last few years the company is seen a significant reduction in its growth and profitability. This has become a major problem for many traditional brick-and-mortar stores. Even Walmart recently announced that it will be closing hundreds of stores across the United States. One of the primary culprits in this change in consumer spending habits is the rise of online retailers like Amazon.com. These online companies have drawn customers away by offering buyers certain advantages, including lower prices, better ...

Abstract

Erik Erikson developed a psychosocial theory to explain stages of development experienced throughout an individual’s life, from birth and infancy to old age and death. He is most closely compared to Freud, whose psychoanalytic theory predated and somewhat overlapped Erikson’s. Where they were divided, though, was with regards to motivation; Freud believed sexuality was the underlying reason for action whereas Erikson believed social interaction mostly motivated people. Erikson outlined eight total stages to describe dichotomous “life crises” that define important dilemmas at any particular stage of life. The eight stages encompass the acquisition or loss of qualities ...

1. Why and how have fathers become more involved in childbirth? Discuss the pros and cons of this involvement. Fathers have become more involved in childbirth by staying next to their wife and providing her with encouragement, much needed support and companionship. Initially some men are embarrassed to be next to their wife but as he starts using the breathing technique that was taught in the preparatory class, he feels that he has a necessary role to play and feels at home as his wife follows his cue and breathes with him. The advantages of having the husband around ...

In Robert D. Kaplan’s “Defense of Empire,” the author makes his position in the defense of empires clear early. He writes, “Throughout history, governance and relative safety have most often been provided by empires, Western or Eastern.” He argues that in between the times of imperial rule, chaos has ensued. While noting that the British Empire had its troubles, he notes its strengths, mainly that it brought stability and infrastructure that the regions had not known prior. He argues similar to Nail Ferguson that many of these empires such as those in India and China ...

Interdisciplinary relationships are a joint communication and decision-making process with the aim of better health care need of the target population. Effective interdisciplinary relationships reduce costs and advance patient satisfaction, while humanizing overall health care worker satisfaction. Working together as a team brings specific capabilities of each discipline that focuses on the care of patients and eliminates any weaknesses of other teammates. The interdisciplinary relations enhance fast and accurate medical performance. This relationship may include a physician and non-physician provider team and a physical assistant and a nurse practitioner. Interdisciplinary relationship becomes a compound process that needs deliberate knowledge passing and combined sense of for ...

The 1980s were a challenging time for the Soviet Union. Industrial stagnation, inefficient economy, low quality and deficit of the consumer goods undermined ideological pressure of the Communist Party, already entered into a deep crisis. The conflict between economic and technological growth needs and the current administrative-command management system was exacerbated. The country leaders have made ​​decisions aimed at overcoming the dictates of departmental bureaucracy, at developing economic methods of management. However, these solutions remained on paper. The USSR were in need of structural political and economic reforms.

Politburo (Executive Committee) members leading the regime for many years were approaching a ...

In the Economist debate over the presence and legitimacy of the ‘global elite,’ Jamie Whyte and Daniel Ben-Ami argued both for and against, respectively, the right of the global elite to have the majority of wealth in the world. They also discussed whether or not they subjectively ‘deserved’ to be there, and whether their status on the top was beneficial for the whole of humanity – whether they ‘served the masses’. Jamie Whyte argued for the legitimacy of the elite, as they are providing services and purposes that are proportional in importance to their income ...

Introduction

Official corruption regularly, exists in every nation with long haul financial stagnation: on the premise of easygoing induction, it is obvious that the degree of authority corruption in an economy is absolutely corresponded with government administrative action, and contrarily connected with the pace of long-run monetary development and advancement. At the same time relationship does not ensure causation: corruption may be a variable adding to a nation's monetary stagnation; then again, in the vicinity of long-run financial decrease the motivator to take part in degenerate exercises may well increment, and in this manner the causation may run from financial stagnation to ...

Country: Russia

Macro Environment Analysis: Secondary Research methods were used to determine the state of the macro environment in the country that has been chosen for analysis.

Politics, Legality and Economy:

The political environment of Russia is currently more inclined towards capitalism, after a long history of communism and the Soviet Union disintegration. This means that private ownerships are allowed and supported, paving the way for foreign investments. However, democracy is a missing phenomenon which may pose higher risks to doing business in the country. There have also been some activities increasing an alarm among the international society. This may have long-term implications for the nation ...

OUTLINE

Abstract 1

Background 2 Discussion 2

The explosion of debt and speculation: 2 Monopoly-finance capital: 2 The financialization of capitalism: 3 Finding 3 Conclusion 3 Abstract The paper is on the financial crisis that goes around the causes and consequences of market structure within a given locality. The study highlights the approaches used by Foster and Magdoff book to assess the current history of the economy.

Introduction

Foster and Magdoff book, focused on the existing relationship between the stagnation and the factors influencing the monopoly stagnation tendency. The approaches facilitated the assessment or realization of ...

In 2008, Ireland encountered a standout amongst the most sensational monetary emergencies of any economies around the world. It stays at the heart of the universal emergency, between the European and US economies. Nevertheless, Ireland was commended as a case of effective business sector drove globalization and monetary development. As such, by what method would the Irish crisis be classified? What does it inform about the reasons for the worldwide crisis? By what method would it be advisable to reexamine the comprehension of contemporary economies and the workings of financial progressivism in view of the Irish experience? The book, 'The Troubles ...

Demography is one of the most important components of sociological knowledge, both theoretical and empirical. In empirical researches, the demographic component is lex non scripta! Today the main problem of the science of demography and all world community facing with – overpopulation of Earth. The subject of an overpopulation at first glance is rather clear and simple but not everything is so simple, and it is necessary to understand it. Usually, it comes down to several aspects: 1) the lack of space on the planet; 2) lack of resources; 3) lack of food; 4) global warming. However, unfortunately, demographic ...

The central argument of this book is the emphasis on the dominance exercised by big businesses on the American economy’s macro-dynamic. Small entrepreneurs who compete for customers through price adjustments outnumber the quasi-monopolies or mega firms by a significant margin. However, the latter still dominates the macroeconomic dynamic. Foster and Magdoff posit that quasi-monopolization, or monopoly capital, is the driver of the American economy’s macro-dynamic. Monopoly capital, however, brings about stagnation. The duo base this argument on the postulation that the greatest strength of this economic system is also its Achilles heel. Quasi-monopolies’ greatest strength is the ...

Introduction

Interest rate, especially the repo and reverse repo rate set by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have a profound effect on the value of real estate like any other investment vehicle. Because of great influence of the interest rate on an individual’s ability to purchase houses by increasing or decreasing the cost of the total mortgage amount, many people assume that interest is the only factor in real estate valuation. However, this assumption is not true. Interest rate definitely plays a big role in determining the housing prices, but it is not the only factor influencing the price of a ...

What is the civilizational cycle?

Currently the history of Western civilization is coming through its worst times. It fades gradually for the last hundred years. There is a complete stagnation in the economy and culture. Faith in its future falls, idea of democracy no longer seems so attractive. Science has put forward its response on the matter - a new direction in science has established, which explains the process of cyclical development of civilizations. This science is called biohistory. Each civilization passes a certain stages or lets call them cycles of development: generation, development, flourishing and fading. From the point of view of biohistory, civilizations tend ...

Application of Erikson’s Post-Freudian Theory

Application of Erikson’s Post-Freudian Theory

Introduction

Erik Erikson’s’ views make significant contributions to the field of psychology; this is particularly in the understanding of personality development and related factors. An understanding of his own study of personal development creates an understanding of development of his psychology (Fleming, 2004). Most of Erikson’s psychology work became evident in the post-Freudian era. It was between the 1930s and 1950s; being one of Freud’s students, most of his work exhibit the influence of Freudian views and theories; this was mainly in the field of personality development. However, dissimilar from Freud’ ...

The development of Russia had many historical turning points. These changes were mainly connected with such political figures as Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Putin. The Soviet economy depended on mostly political decisions but not economic programs. Although the basic economic system in Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev eras remained unchanged, there were some peculiarities in these periods. The effect of Stalin’s policy had a profound impact on people and the state. In 1928, the Communists instituted the first Five-Year Plan. It dealt with such aspects of development as an industry, consumer goods, agriculture, transportation, communications, health, education, and ...

Abstract

The theories of psychosocial development stress that an individual’s personality is enhanced by social relationships he or she develops from birth to adulthood. These are explained by Erik Erickson’s eight stage theories that describe the conflicts and achievements that present the turning points in an individual’s life. From birth to old age, an individual establishes a sense of trust in others, develops one’s identity in society, and helps the next generation learn skills in preparation for the future. Erickson asserted that in all stages, an individual learns to grow and develop throughout adulthood in a fixed order ...

Essay

Economic cycle includes four phases: crisis (recession), depression, recovery and growth. The initial phase of the cycle is a crisis (other names: Recession - lat. Recessus-deviation). At the time of recession, there is a decline in economic growth rates, and then, as a rule, direct reduction of output. These phenomena are associated with the overproduction of goods. At this time, the stocks of unsold products are dramatically increasing. There is a mass bankruptcy (devastation) of industrial and commercial enterprises, which can not sell the accumulated products. Because of the suspension of production the unemployment is rapidly growing, and wages are declining. First, the ...

“Mass tourism destinations are now evolving into mega tourism destinations.”

(Weaver 2008, xi) Tourism became a major industry after World War II and has expanded ever since. Even outer space has become a destination for tourists who can afford the trip. (Weaver, 2008, xi) Tourism has evolved since the 1700 and 1800s when the Grand Tour of European capitals was an aristocratic pastime. (Hanna, 2009, p. 5) As the Weaver quote above exclaims, mass tourism is growing to the point where it will soon become mega tourism. Experience over the last 60 years has shown that tourism can have both positive and negative impacts on an area. The objective ...

One of the main characteristics of transformational leaders is their ability to change things from their current order to an envisioned, better order. This ability requires vision for foreseeing how things could be better and strategy for bringing change (Kondalkar, 2009). Nevertheless, the ability to bring the change also requires taking risks and being aware of potential failures. Knowing failure and having previously failed represents an advantage for the transformational leaders, as paradoxical as it sounds. This is because individuals who failed know how to handle the failure and how to build on their own failure for getting back ...

The Cold War is a phenomenon in international relations, a tense period of confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union that took place since the end of the World War II till the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Its prehistory, according to some historians, dates back to the very beginning of the 20th century, when the Russian revolution led to the Bolsheviks overtaking the power in the former tsarist Russian Empire and promoting similar revolutions all over the world with the aim of creating a society, which would be an alternative to capitalism, the ruling ideology in the ...