Pharmacology College Essays Samples For Students

Introduction

In order to apply the relevant Deming’s points for quality management, it is important to establish the current issues that need to be addressed at Smitheford Pharmaceuticals. The company started off properly in 1878 by observing crucial business aspects such as methods of improvement and employee satisfaction. It also later adopted TQM philosophies but it has done poorly in implementation of those practices in manufacturing. The other issue is the complication of transportation of partially manufactured products after the introduction of strict FDA guidelines. Drug interactions especially among the elderly who are the main target market ...

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The older adults mostly have chronic pain as a major healthcare problem. According to a research, “50 percent of older adults who live on their own and 75-85 percent of the elderly in care facilities suffer from chronic pain” ("Seniors and Chronic Pain"). However, the under-treatment of chronic pain brings serious health outcomes like sadness, unease, decreased mobility, communal segregation; deprived sleep, and associated health hazards.
Chronic pain conditions are of various types i.e. osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal, diabetic neuropathy. The back, hip, knees/legs, and other joints are the most common sites where chronic pain occurs. This pain ...

Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Argued March 30, 1993

Decided June 28, 1993
Parents of two little children filled a complaint stating that medicine, produced by Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and taken by children’s mother during the pregnancy caused children’s serious birth defects. During the trial, both sides had expert witnesses. The expert witnesses of Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. presented statistical data, scientific articles and analysis of the medicine that proved that it does not influence woman’s pregnancy at all. On the other hand, expert witnesses of the Dauberts provided the court with “reanalyzed” data, results of experiments on ...

Life-cycle Project Diagram

Abu Dhabi Pharma
Executive Summary
Project Management’s relevance across industry is tested and tried. The Pharmaceutical industry has lately undergone rapid changes. It is demonstrated, however, that project management can add benefits when applied to the new product development in the pharmaceutical industry. The industry is specific for its rigorous regulatory compliance and product quality. Clinical research and drug development is not only key to managing newer infections but also staying ahead of the pack with newer and innovative molecules. Project management techniques can help the planning, scheduling, managing the project phases risks and ultimately assure ...

GlaxoSmithKline Case

Contrast and compare traditional Pharmaceutical R&D structures to the CEDD structure.
If we compare and contrast the traditional pharmaceutical R&D structures with the newly developed CEDD structure, we find that the new CEDD structure tried to increase the overall productivity rate of the pharmaceutical R&D structure; it tried to fill those gaps that were left open by the traditional R&D structures. If we analyze the major differences between the two setups, we can infer the following:
- The new CEDD structure that Mr. Yamada proposed was subdivided into six distinct “centre of excellence in drug discovery” centres. ...

Postoperative Pain Management after Caesarean Section

With the rising number of cesarean deliveries, postoperative pain management poses as a major clinical challenge. Various methods of pain management have been introduced in an effort to relief cesarean patient’s pain due to factors related to related possible complications as well as for neonatal and maternal wellbeing. Despite the advances made in development of new delivery and analgesic techniques and on pathophysiology of postoperative pain, most patients still suffer from moderate to severe postoperative pain. The United States surveys indicate that 50-70% of women have a high likelihood of experiencing moderate to severe pain after a C-section (Gilmour, 2005). The ...

It is well known that hypertension is a condition that can be controlled with various forms of lifestyle modification and medicines, however there are several other major factors that hinders or affect how such high blood pressure can be effectively controlled. Mrs Kingston's health history (abnormal cholesterol level and diabetes), BMI (obesity), and lifestyle (tobacco smoking, diet) place her at a high risk of complications if her blood pressure is not properly controlled. Those potential complications that could ensue from the hypertension can be related to affectations of organs such as the kidneys, eyes, and heart.The commonest of the complications associated ...

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(City & State)
Growing cells are located within defined environmental niches and any area outside the niche is very hostile. Because normal cells lack survival techniques, it leads to anoikis. The tumor development process strives when malignant cells escape from the local issues and resist anoikis. The cells of the immune system play a dual role of stimulating adaptive immune responses against tumor-specific antigens and at the same time promoting tumor angiogenesis and progression. This is through the support of the innate and inflammatory responses (Ravi et al., 2000).
Integrins are termed as a family of adhesion ...

The competitiveness within the pharmaceutical industry has increased significantly. The pharmaceutical industry depends on the marketing and sale of a variety of drugs for its success. Considering the fact that the health and lives of millions of people depends on this industry, following an ethical and moral path is essential. However, the number of controversial issues connected with this industry has increased recently. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the benefits of the pharmaceutical industry and the ethical side of the industry in terms of controversial issues.
Despite the controversial issues, when it comes to health, a lot ...

As a university studies student as well as a pharmacology student, I shall try to demonstrate both of these areas into the area of interdisciplinary studies. What exactly constitutes interdisciplinary studies programs appears to vary from study to study. In general, the main idea appears to be that interdisciplinary studies programs encompass areas that include both research and teaching and also include programs that are directed at public engagement, undergraduate research, and service learning projects.
As universities seek to receive funding from an ever growing number of sources, it is important that the schools also broaden their scope of where ...

My time on the pharmacy work experience placement and my time in spent in the group work project have both helped to prepare me for my future roles in the pharmaceutical industry. Teaching me about the practicalities of working in the field and the importance of teamwork, respectively, these two experiences have proved invaluable.
During my time on my work experience placement at the community pharmacy, I learned a great deal which will prepare me for my future role as a fully qualified pharmacists. Firstly, I gained a lot of knowledge about the practical workings of a pharmacy. For example, I quickly ...

Solid dispersion can be defined as a cluster of solid creations made up of at least two distinguished components one being a hydrophobic drug and the other a hydrophilic matrix which can take any form depending on the crystalline or amorphous nature of the solids used (see figure 1). In the context of pharmaceuticals, this technology was developed to help improve the solubility and bioavailability of oral drugs. Studies have indicated that a score of patients prefers oral drugs for their simplicity in administration hence they show more compliance in comparison to other types of drugs administered in different ways. However, the functionality ...

Introduction

Migraine is a common type of headache disorder which is characterized by moderate to severe recurrent headache. Migraine headaches are generally severe and could last up to 3 days, wherein the pain affects half of the head but the pain is pulsating in nature. People with acute migraine headache may have suffer from sensitivity to light, vomiting, nausea, and sensitivity to smell and sound. In some cases, the pain may become severe and worsen after physical activity. In 1/3rd of patients with migraine, a short period of visual disturbance or aura occurs which is an indication that the pain ...

Analysis of the environment

Johnson and Johnson currently operate over 250 subsidiary companies in 57 countries. It is the world’s largest healthcare company comprising of three segments: pharmaceuticals, medical devices and diagnostics and consumer products.

There are two sets of forces that Johnson and Johnson’s faces in its current environment: competitive and contextual environments.

The competitive environment can be analyzed using Michael Porter’s five forces model while the contextual environment can be analyzed using PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological).

Contextual Environment- PEST analysis

Political environment- Dynamic policies and political regimes: The political scene on the local, regional and national front affects the operations ...

Introduction

A recent report of the International Longevity Center-UK (ILC-UK) indicated that dementia can no longer be viewed as an isolated disorder due to a high prevalence of medical comorbidities, often undiagnosed, associated with it (Scrutton & Brancati, 2016). Patients with dementia also had received a less coordinated comorbidity treatments, resulting to the faster decline of their daily functioning, a reduction in their quality of life (QOL), and earlier mortality events than patients with these comorbidities, but in the absence of dementia.
The report also noted other important findings, which exacerbated the need for better therapeutic options in dealing with dementia, ...

INTRODUCTION:

Owing to increasing competition and technological advancements, organizations are looking for different innovative ideas and strategies to create sustainable competitive advantage. The purpose of these strategies and tactics is to improve the overall performance of the company. This eventually leads to the creation of wealth for the shareholders. The main goal or aim of an organization is to create wealth for the shareholders. All strategies and decisions of the organizations are directly associated with this aim and hence are evaluated on the yardstick of wealth creation for the shareholders.
In today’s highly competitive environment organizations are engaging ...

Would Pharma Corporation be eligible to be an S Corporation? If one of the shareholders objected, would the other two do a vote to become an S corporation without the third?
Legally speaking, Pharma Corporation can become whatever type of corporation it wants to be. It is necessary, however, that it be able to fulfill all the regulatory and procedural requirements set by the federal and local government needed to obtain certification for being their chosen type of corporation. This means that Pharma can become an S Corporation. The United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) defines S Corporations as “ ...

Exam

Question 1
Part A
Part B
As the companies become large, the innovation is inhibited due to the culture that is developed within the organization. The businesses expanding their operations have to take care of the matters of management from many perspectives. The management has to take care of the costs of the operations as well as the competitiveness. They have to ensure that the business operations have increased efficiency. The efficiency is increased when the tasks are performed in the minimum time. The management is also concerned about their competitive position in the market. The business strives to ...

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{Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]}

Introduction

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and an emotional experience which is associated with the potential damage of tissues (Gregory & Haigh, 2008). There are various factors that contribute to the pain psychology such as psychological and environmental. Acute pain is associated with the actual tissue damage which is associated with the surgical incidence and tissue damage. When the pain is experienced for a longer period due to unknown reasons or any underlying problem, it’s called chronic pain which illustrates the pain of Mr. John Smith due to ...

Biography

I can describe myself as a highly accomplished entrepreneur. I have gained a great deal of experience in business startup, growth, as well as, exit. So far, I have been a Chief Executive Officer in three companies and my role in contributing to their success cannot go unrecognized. I started my career by establishing my biotechnology company, Volentix Pharmaceuticals. Starting this company was stimulating, exciting, and frightening at the same time. Nonetheless, this company did not operate for a long time due to some difficulties and hardships, but I did not lose hope. I learned a lot from this ...

According to a World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that one-third of the world’s population doesn't have regular access to vital medicines. More than 50% of populations in parts of Africa and Asia and more especially in India where the people lack direct access to the essential and most necessary drugs. Despite the fact that India has low drug prices, only a third of the population has access to essential medicines, and even fewer people would have access to these drugs with the introduction of pharmaceutical patents. Access to medication is a fundamental right for every human ...

Analysis of health care market in India

Health care companies servicing the health care market in India can be broadly classified into three categories; hospitals, health care insurance companies and pharmaceutical companies. In each of these categories of companies, there are specific companies that have established themselves as market leaders in the provision of health care services in India.

The specific leading hospital companies in India are Apollo Hospitals which operates a chain of hospitals in India’s major cities, Wockhardt Hospitals which also operates a chain of hospitals targeting high end clients and Fortis Health Care which also operates a chain of hospitals and medical clinics throughout India ( ...

Introduction

Ethics in commerce is a necessary tool in achieving and maintaining high standards in a profession, which entails customer trust and satisfaction. In order to determine what is considered ethical in the industry, the American Marketing Association (AMA) has released a Statement of Ethics that serves as a guideline in making ethical decisions in the commercial field.

The Case of Sparrow Pharmaceuticals

Let us take the case of Sparrow Pharmaceuticals, who holds a mailing list of the customers who earned their trust. Suppose Soothing Waters Hot Tubs and Spas investors want to use the mailing list of said company wants to use the mailing ...

Objectives.4

Bristol-Myers Squibb5
Mission and Vision Statement..7
Business Strategy..7
Technology Management..9

Pharmaceutical Development9

Technology Strategy for Improvement11
Conclusion12
Recommendation13

References14

Technology Management at Bristol-Myers Squibb
Introduction
In the world of biopharmaceuticals corporations have to compete with global companies in providing the best medicine in order to help treat illness around the world. The healthcare sector around the world operates in a unique, complex social, ethical, and political environment in which the main priorities of equity are achieved through various means. Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) is a global biopharmaceutical company that discovers and delivers the most innovative medicine to help ...

The pharmaceutical industry is under some controversial issues at the moment. Some of these issues may have, fair reasonable ground, while others issues are not in the vital interest of the concerned parties.
Among the controversies that are facing the pharmaceutical industry is the controversy on whether the American citizens should be allowed to import drugs prescribed to them from Canada. The main reasoning behind this controversy is the lower prices offered on drugs in Canada as compared the prices in America. This controversy may be a relief to most American people who would pay less hence saving more, ...

Diabetes mellitus is said to be one of the most medical conditions in many places around the world, affecting around 347 million adults in the year 2013 alone (Pal et al., 2013, p.2). Out of this number, as much as 90 percent of them have type 2 diabetes, which is a complex medical condition, as it can lead to heart attacks and heart strokes (Pal et al., 2013, p.2). In the year 2010 however, almost half of those who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus are within the 20-60 age group that has a 2-to-4-fold increased risk of having cardiovascular ...

Abstract

Several people have gone through stressful events at one point in their lives. It is almost inevitable for anyone to go through his or her entire life without experiencing a stressful situation. The unfortunate thing about people and stress is that not everyone’s experiences of stress give forth the same outcomes. Stress for some people is not such a big deal while for some it may lead to very negative health outcomes. One such negative health result of a stressful life situation is the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder best known in its abbreviated form as ...

Sources of capital

The sources of funds for the company are divided into two categories means that the company is going to collect funds from two sources. These two sources of funds include debt and equity. The company is going to receive total long term debt of $13,000 from the financial institutions. Apart from debt, the company is going to receive capital from the equity holders as the company is going to issue 100 preferred stocks and 100 common stocks at the beginning of the business. This long term debt and capital from equity will be the major sources of the ...

Proposal

Proposal

Taxoplasmosis a type of health condition in which the drug Daraprim is used to reduce. Turing Phamarceutical Company is the company that has bought the Daraprim drug and has hiked the prices to the highest margin. Martin Shkreli is the C.E.O of Turing who has attempted to explain and support the decision of the company to exorbitantly hike the prices of the much needed drug by patients and medical facilities. The controversial issue in this paper is the exorbitant increase of the Daraprim drug from $13.50 to $750 by Turing Phamarceuticals.

Introduction

There are a number of controversial issues ...

Activity 1

Activity 2
Activity 3
Activity 4
Diagram to explain how β-adrenoceptors antagonists produce clinically useful effects
It suffices to note that b blockers have their main role outside the central nervous system. They competitively block receptor occupancy of b receptors, from agonists like catecholamines. Some bind irreversibly to beta receptors and are therefore used only in experimental settings. Some beta antagonists constitutively reduce the activity of beta receptors. These kind are known as inverse agonists. Most beta receptors blockers are structurally similar to isoproterenol

Harley,1983

Would we treat uncomplicated hypertension in 68year old patient with moderate asthma and ...

Salmeterol is part of a broader group of drugs known as adrenergic agonists; it works specifically by binding to β2 receptors of the adrenergic receptor family, which are activated by the binding of the endogenous neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and epinephrine. The adrenergic receptors are as well part of a broader group of receptors known as G-protein coupled receptors. The G-protein receptor family is composed of a single peptide with seven trans-membrane regions that are attached to a G protein, Gs, Gq, or GI (Harvey & Champe, 2008). The G protein has 3 subunits; the α, β, and γ subunits; the α subunit in the resting state is bound to ...

The main objective of any health care system is to provide patient care with desirable patient outcomes. Simply put, a health care system strives to promote well-being and heath status of all human beings. It is also important to note that most aspects of the healthcare focus on prevention and management of pain among patients because freedom from pain is an essential dimension of health. Additionally, pain among patients is a multidimensional phenomenon that requires a broad, integrated and a comprehensive care model (Glare et al., 2014). Many studies that have been carried out by various scholars on health ...

BTMN632-9040

Dr.

Sources of capital

The sources of funds for the company are divided into two categories means that the company is going to collect funds from two sources. These two sources of funds include debt and equity. The company is going to receive total long term debt of $13,000,000 from the financial institutions. This long term debt and capital from equity will be the major sources of the capital to the company. For now, the equity is held by the owners or the founders of the company that are also going to play the major roles within the organization as ...

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Overview

Based on a 2005 survey that was published in the Archives of General Psychiatry, 2.6 percent of the adult population has a bipolar disorder (National Institutes of Health, n.d.). Among these people, 82.9 percent have severe cases of the said condition. Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive disorder, is a serious condition which affects patients’ day to day lives. The National Institutes of Health (n.d.) describes this condition as a “dramatic shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels.” In the popular culture, this disorder have been presented in many American films. For instance, in the year 2012, ...

Knee Osteoarthritis is a degenerative non-inflammatory affection of the knee joint, and is characterized by damage to the articular cartilage and by formation of new bones called osteophytes. Though both men and women are susceptible to osteoarthritis, the incidence is higher in post-menopausal women. This paper is an analysis of the beneficial effects of non-pharmacological interventions over pharmacological interventions, in treating knee osteoarthritis.
Exercises and physiotherapy are the nonpharmacological intervention applied in treating osteoarthritis. The National Institute of Health Research, University of York, conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis of case controlled studies, that were published across the world, ...

In recent years there has been a great spurt in mergers and acquisitions taking place in the pharmaceuticals industry. Merger happens when two companies form a one bigger company by combining their capital and ideas. Mergers bring not only benefits but many negative side effects as well.
Let’s start by discussing the benefits. Some of the benefits of mergers are increase in shareholder value, increase in market share, increase in cost efficiency and increase in value generation.
The cost of research and development is extremely high, making drug discovery difficult for companies (1). On an average, new drug ...

Pharmaceutical companies have strayed from their main objective of drug discovery to emphasize on marketing strategies for drugs; many pharmaceutical companies do not plough their profits into the research for the discovery of drugs. Instead, they use their profits to advertise their drugs to physician and patients, some of the profits are used to fund legal proceedings to severe exclusive government marketing rights (Marcia, 12)
Pharmaceutical companies focus on commercially viable drugs at the expense of preventive drugs; most pharmaceutical companies focus their research into the discovery of drugs that are used to cure lifestyle diseases like hypertension, ...

1. Is the availability of sex chat group and other sexual material on the internet psychologically healthy or damaging?
Comer (2011) portrays the internet as awash in sexual material that is virtually unavoidable. This material once exposed to the children is harmful. Pornographic material on the internet is the major cause of social problems such as rape and child abuse. According to Comer (2011), sex crimes correlates with the exposure or pornographic material on the internet. Sex offenders such as the pedophiles consume much sexual material. The people that are predisposed to exploit others sexually seek pornographic pleasure. ...

Sex offender treatment

The treatment of sexual offenders is a unique challenge to professionals tasked with the duty to offer this supervisory and treatment service. A successful treatment of offenders requires a well trained professional who understands the dynamics of sexual offenders. The person must also be able to apply current approaches to assess and treat these offenders. The goal of sexual offender treatment is to find a means to assist offenders manage the deviant tendency in them for the purpose of reducing their likelihood of repeating the offence. When a person is involved in sexual assault, it is an indication that the individual is unable ...

Pharma Benefit Scheme

One cannot deny the fact that Information Systems are major players in the simplification of business processes in all aspects of businesses. Since their early part of the Information Age, information systems have been utilized by companies and government instrumentalities to aid them in the efficient performance of their respective tasks. The implementation of such information systems is not a simple task as sometime it requires the integration of such systems in the currents processes of the organization and even at times requires changes in the company’s business paradigms. Aside from this, its implementation can be a little expensive. A ...

It is apparent that the 50-year-old male faces an imminent risk of cardiac complications due to the existing risk factors. Among the factors that could potentially form the pathophysiological basis of cardiac problems include; hypertension, obesity (BMI-33), smoking and varicose veins. These are the factors that require to be modified in order to save the patient from the cardiac risk zone. Largely, these factors can be modified through making behavioral and lifestyle changes.
While all the above outlined factors present risk for developing cardiovascular problems, the magnitude of the risk posed by each of them varies. In this scenario, ...

Grand Health Pharmaceuticals (GHP) Order 104BDK56392

Contract for distribution services
On this day 10th of May 2015 Grand Health Pharmaceuticals (GHP) and (Name of Distributor) get into a business partnership which is bound by the following terms and conditions.

SCOPE OF CONTRACT SERVICES

The distributor will be expected to perform distribution to all the clients of the pharmaceuticals which ranges from clinics, hospitals, chemist and supermarkets.

Performance Goals and Services

The distributor is expected to make deliveries to various clients in time and sometimes these deliveries may offer special challenges. The distributor should be in a position to be efficient during emergencies. Once the goods have changed hands between the pharmaceutical and the ...

Assignment 2

PART A - (Total 15 marks)

Cephalexin and Gentamicin
The mechanism of action of amoxicillin is focused on the prevention of the synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall through the binding and inhibiting of the cell wall transpeptidases (Katzung, Masters, and Trevor, 2012). Specifically, it attaches to the penicillin-binding protein 1A found in the cell wall of bacteria. Then, the agent disintegrates the lactam ring to allow the acylation of the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain. The formation of the cross-link of the linear peptidoglycan strands is prevented by the inactivation of transpeptidases. Since the third and last stage ...

Chemistry can be described as the branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances.

The Mechanisms and Synthesis of Aspirin

Aspirin is also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). It is a salicylate drug used as an analgesic (something that relieves pain without producing anesthesia or loss of consciousness) for minor aches and pains, as an anti-inflammatory drug, and as an antipyretic to suppress fever. (Vane & Bottling 2000)
The name “Salicylic acid’ was derived from salix, which is the willow family of plants. In ancient ...

Osteoarthritis commonly referred to as (OA) is caused by obesity, injury and by aging joints. The symptoms for this condition include stiffness and joint pain. Treatment for this involves exercise and medication depending on the affected joint such as the hip, knee, back, wrist, hand and neck. OA is a very common form of arthritis and stands as a leading cause of chronic disability in the U.S. The condition in present day has affected about 1.9 million people in Australia, 27 million in the United States and 8 million in the United Kingdom.

Databases

#1 DatabaseTitle of source: Prevention of injury-related knee ...

Criminal Law

Dennis Ferguson is a convicted pedophile in Australia and served 14 years of imprisonment. He was charged for the crime of kidnapping three children from Sydney, whose ages range from six to eight. He was reported to have brought the children to a motel room in Brisbane where he sexually assaulted them, but did admit to have committed the wrongdoing. In addition, he refused any treatment and rehabilitation programs while he was inside the prison. Based on his childhood, he was sexually abused by the partner of his mother and thereafter was placed under the custody of a state home when he ...

The importance of effective management of pain in the post-operative patient cannot be overemphasized. Its inadequate management can have profound adverse effects on patients such as sleep disturbances, mobilization difficulties, aggression, high levels of anxiety, and increased distress and suffering (Carr et al., 2005). Post-operative pain can also have unwanted physiological effects on patients and cause complications such as nausea, vomiting, paralytic ileus, and increases in blood pressure (Mackintosh, 2007). This paper will critic the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions that were used in the management of post-operative pain (rated at 6/10 on the numeric scale) in a patient who is ...

Background

Asthma is a chronic disease associated with inflammation of the lining of airway and obstruction of lung airflow. It usually involves an increase in the number of inflammatory cells, most commonly eosinophils and to some extent basophils, mast cells, macrophages. (Eds. Brunton, et al., 2009) Asthma, together with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), is considered as one ofthe most common obstructive lung diseases characterized by expiratory airflow obstruction. (eds. Longo, et al., 2012)
An asthmatic patient usually presents with recurrent events of shortness of bright (SOB), chest tightness, and wheezing, “a high-pitched whistling sound when breathing caused by movement of ...

In taking the StrengthsFinder 2.0 Test, the five strengths that I obtained are: Learner, Context, Strategic, Achiever and Self-Assurance (Rath). It’s quite remarkable that most of the points made stemming from these strengths are quite accurate and has led me to understand myself much better.

Were your strengths what you thought they would be?

Response: Yes, they did turn out to be the ones that I thought I would be. In fact, I spend a lot of time trying to understand my past and how it will affect my future instead of blindly trying to leap forward. Learning is a big part of my Life right now ...

A total of 57 million deaths were reported worldwide in 2008, and the majority of those deaths were caused by either non-cardiovascular diseases (36 million; 63%) or cardiovascular diseases (17.3 million; 30%) according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). The highest mortality rates are associated with ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, which account for 45% and 29% of the cardiovascular-related deaths in men and 37% and 33% of cardiovascular-related deaths in women, respectively (see Figure 1). Ischemic heart disease is considered the most common cardiovascular cause of death as it accounts for 7.6 million deaths worldwide (Institute ...

Prior to taking my first nursing course in college, I set a goal to one day become a nurse anesthetist. This has been an educational and professional goal ever since I shadowed a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) prior to applying to nursing school. My desire to become a CRNA has increased exponentially since gaining experience in the critical care nursing field. I strive to take on the challenge, knowledge, and responsibility of advancing my professional career to the highest level of nursing. CRNAs have the responsibility of providing safe anesthesia in the operating room and communicating effectively with ...

Introduction

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves peripheral circulation, the brain, and the heart. The disease is a primary health issue in many countries around the world (Sawhney, et al., 2012). CVD develops through complex processes involving novel risk markers and common risk factors. Decades of research have demonstrated that a sibling’s or parent’s family history is linked to the development of atherosclerotic CVD (Gupta et al., 2013; Nelson, 2013; Imes and Lewis, 2014), which manifests as peripheral arterial disorder, stroke, and coronary heart disorder (CHD). Various Mendelian disorders have also been shown to contribute to atherosclerotic CVD. Although ...

The study of drugs and their interaction in human bodies is called pharmacology, and comes from pharmakon, a Greek word meaning drug or medicine and logy meaning a study of. In other words, pharmacology can also be termed as a study of either drugs or medicine, and examines their origin, their nature, their reactions in the body as well as side effects (Turley, 2003). The discussion hereunder will focus on different types of drugs that are used to relieve pain, their mechanism as well as their side effects.

Types of drugs used to relieve pain ((Turley, 2003)

Over-the-counter (OTC): These are drugs used to relieve pain, and ...

Introduction

Biotechnology refers to a group of technologies that share two common characteristics namely, having a wide range of practical uses to improve human lives and working with cells and their molecules. A more detailed definition refers to biotechnology as the technical use of living creatures on the molecular or cellular level to obtain beneficial results. Traditionally biotechnology has been used in the commercial production of bread, brewing alcoholic beverages, as well as in the breeding of domestic animals and food crops. In many cases, biotechnology leads to development of numerous industries-forensics, pharmaceuticals, medicine, textile industries among others. Biotechnology also ...

English 1B

The field of medicine will continue to move forward (Worboys 117), and this has been
indicated by the products produced by laboratory sciences, as well as the development of significant medical products like penicillin, which was made possible through the discovery of ‘macromolecularization’ (Lowy 117). Like the industrialization since the post-World War II era, the field of medicine will continue to move forward (Worboys 117), as was indicated by history, specifically the industrialization period, which shows “development of hospital and laboratory medicine, public health, and the rise of the asylum took place” (Worboys 109). However, when discussing the genomics ...

English 1B

Original Thesis
Thus, (1) as technology continues to move forward, (2) so will the field of medicine as
these two go hand in hand, (3) as shown in the way modern medicine for both hospital and laboratory were developed through laboratory science (Worboys 109), (3) the development of important medical products through macromolecularization developed during World War II (Lowy 119), (3) the apparent link established among medicine, technology, and science as shown in history.

Rogerian Thesis

Neutral
The field of medicine will continue to move forward (Worboys 117), and this has been
indicated by the products produced by laboratory sciences, as ...

Brief summary

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is considered to be a health problem because of the millions of people who are using it worldwide. The article states that excessive cocaine use will cause changes in the prefrontal Cortes (PFC) (Terraneo, p.37). The reason for this is because PFC plays a significant role in the addictive cycle such as the inhibitory control, reinforcement learning as well as cravings. Many types of research that have been conducted show that the loss of inhibitory control is brought on by drug behaviors. The article looks at the animal studies that have been carried out in ...

Introduction

Quality is the characteristic of a service or a good to be fit for use by the customer or the consumer. The pharmaceutical quality means the production of a product that is free of contamination that gives the therapeutic benefit that is labeled in the container to the customer. This quality is either evaluated in vitro or vivo by the tests performed. In quality design, the vitro product is ensured to have good performance and the same provide a similar quality in the vivo performance test. In this case, the product performance is related to the product performance.

Quality by Design (QbD)

This ...

Mesalazine and Cyclosporine

Mesalazine
Mesalazine is also called as Mesalamine or 5-aminosalicylic acid, and its systematic name is 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Formulation. Usually, mesalazine is administered in the form of modified release (MR) tablet. Different formulations of mesalazine in UK are Asacol, Ipocol, Mezavant, Octasa, Pentasa, and Salofalk. The above mentioned formulations may vary from each other in their indications, dose frequency, tablet strengths, interactions, pharmaceutical, and pharmacological properties. Most of these formations are available as MR preparations. Commonly used mechanism for modified release tablets is their enteric coating. In order to prepare different formulations, Eudragit L and S polymers are commonly used ...

1. Objectives
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) also referred to as temporal arteritis is a condition that induces the inflammation of large arteries mainly in the heat and neck areas. Symptoms associated with the disease include manifestations such as headaches, joint and facial pain, fever, and vision problems that may cause a permanent sight loss in one or both eyes.
There are various GCA treatments aiming at e.g. relieving the symptoms associated with the disease and preventing visual loss often accoutered by many patients
2 Therapeutic options
2.1. Non-pharmacological therapy
The practice of a healthy lifestyle including physical exercises, smoking ...