Bicycle Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Literature Review - bicycle safety issue

Introduction
Scope and purpose of clinical practice guidelines
Stakeholder involvement
Rigor of development
Recommendations and application
Conclusion

Literature Review – bicycle safety issue

Introduction
Safe use of our roads is the responsibility of everyone. Road users are categorized mainly as pedestrians, motor vehicle and bi-cycle users. In 2013, 7 43 cyclists were killed on the road during collisions with motor vehicles. Recent statistics show where there has been a significant decline in both walking and cycling, which is responsible for an alarming increase in diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Subsequently, increased frequency in heart attacks has led many to a ...

Literature Review #1

Citation
Kane, Tim. The Changing Vampire of Film and Television: A Critical Study of the Growth of a Genre‬. McFarland and Company Inc. Publishers. 2006.Print.
Summary
The book analyzes the seventy years long history of vampire films. He divided the films in cycles, according to the transformations suffered by the vampire narrative in the course of the time. Thus, the first is the Malignant Cycle, from 193 to 1948 .This cycle includes films in which Dracula is perceived as the antagonist and the predatory function dominates the composition. In films produced during the Erotic Cycle, which comprises films produced ...

The piece by Goolsbee is ahead of its time. It talks about economics and how the wealthy are taxed. The effects of this are outlined and discussed in the paper. It speaks of the more responsive taxation when the top 10% of the most wealthy in the country pay taxes, and what happens to these contributions. With the recent economic crisis, this paper is very relevant and can be put into practice. The GDP and business cycles of the United States are discussed below in relation to the theory presented by Goolsbee. The distribution, effects and higher tax rates ...

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{Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]}

Introduction

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a very influential technique that helps in amplifying the specific segments of DNA. This biochemical procedure is performed in-vitro that is quite different from cloning. This technique is a fusion of synthesis protocol of distinct repeated segments of DNA and thermostable DNA polymerase application that has given scientists a very potent analytical, immunological and molecular technique used prevalently in clinical laboratory science (Garibyan & Avashia, 2013). PCR is based on three primary steps that include denaturation of the template into single strands, annealing ...

Introduction:

Computer software is a non-tangible component of the computer. It is a collection of scripts, codes and files required to perform a specified task. Software may be developed to perform one task or a collection of related tasks. It needs to be tailored to fulfill the requirements of the end user. A systematic framework is required to develop software without any glitches, user friendly and bug free. The process of developing software involves five phases and is referred to as the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). Technically, Software Development Lifecycle is a framework in which the tasks to be performed at each step are defined. ...

Life cycle analysis may also be referred as life cycle assessment. It may be defined as a systematic tool or technique that evaluates the environmental aspects of a product as it gradually moves through all its stages of the life cycle. This implies the development from raw material extraction, through to the processing of the raw materials, manufacture of the final product, distribution of these products, their use, the repairs done to them and the maintenance that they require and lastly its disposal or recycling. The main importance of the LCA process is to reduce the environmental impacts of the products ...

ABSTRACT.

Poverty is in its own a culture and a socio-economic class, which traps individuals in a vicious cycle that are hard to break. Education plays a crucial role in breaking this cycle, but under normal circumstances achieving while faced with this calamity is a challenge. Teachers working with students from low economic backgrounds face the consequences of the culture of poverty, which goes to the extent of failing their state tests. Working with such students needs an understanding of poverty, and what they can do to address their literacy needs. This study provides a review on education achievements and poverty in order to examine the ...

A Comparative look at the theme of nature in the poems “The Oak” Alfred Lord Tennyson and “The Road Not Taken” Robert Frost
Both Alfred Lord Tennyson’s The Oak and Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken deals with the theme of nature. Both poets incorporate each word in a specific manner that adds literal and figurative meanings to the overall essence of the poems. Robert Frost and Alfred Lord Tennyson use symbolism, figurative language, and rhyme to convey their views of the road that Frost cannot choose and the oak tree that develops from a human perspective. Tennyson ...

Introduction

Anger is an emotion that enrages a mind, increases the blood pressure and makes heart beat faster sending adrenaline rush into the system. Anger mainly has three components; physical reactions, the cognitive experience of anger and behavior (PBS Online, 2011). The physical reactions of anger show in increased blood pressure and heart rate, muscle tightening and 'fight or flight' response. The cognitive experience of anger makes one feel angry because of a situation making him feel wronged and threatened. Behavior is the expression of anger that includes a wide range of behavioral reactions from slamming doors to raising voice and from turning ...

Vid30 complex participation in the degradation of CDC25 in yeast and their role in Ras/ cAMP/ PKA pathway

Background:
Unicellular organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae in its total life cycle is exposed to diverse and changing nutrient conditions. Thus, in order to survive and achieve a competitive advantage, it has adapted itself such that it not only uses the wide range of available nutrient sources but also the sources that are nutrient rich. It mainly uses fructose and glucose by rapidly fermenting to alcohol. In response to these nutrient conditions, the intracellular trafficking transcription and turnover of protein from nutrient transporters (e.g. Hxts) get regulated. Therefore, when the availability of the glucose increases, the expression of low- ...

Social housing and work-lessness have always been a debated issue in the United Kingdom. Over the years, the housing associations and the Policy makers in UK have discussed the issue of work-lessness among the social housing tenants. The first thing to know here is what social housing means. Social housing is basically low rent housing which is provided to those families who are struggling to meet the cost of their housing due to issues like poverty, work-lessness, financial exclusion. It is normally councils, local authorities, and non-profit housing associations, which provide such housing. Worklessness has been a major issue among the ...

Abstract

In recent times, healthcare organizations have increasingly been placing a lot of emphasis on improving hospital supply chain performance. This is because healthcare organizations have been striving to improve operational efficiency while reducing costs. This paper identifies the role of supply chain integration in enhancing hospital supply chain performance. The paper reviews some of the factors that affect the integration of supply chain management and concludes that supply chain integration has a very strong impact on hospital performance.
1. Introduction
A smooth running Supply Chain Management (SCM) system ensures that an organization can establish a sustainable competitive advantage. This involves high ...

A share split is an action taken by corporate executives to increase the number of outstanding shares by dividing each share by a given split ratio that diminishes its price. In this case, the stock market capitalization does not change since the price per share reduces by the ratio of the share split. For instance, if a company splits its shares in the ratio of two shares for each one share held, the share holders will enjoy an increased numbers of shares nut at a reduced price thus the overall market capitalization remains unchanged.

Stock splits are not a new term in world ...

2. Literature Review and Hypothesis Development

P1. The Global financial crisis of 2008

Severe distresses within some financial markets during 2007/08 resulted in international financial crisis following Lehman Brothers filing for the chapter 11 on 15th September 2008. As an end result, the globe has in recent times experienced the most horrible economic performance ever since the 2nd World War. This crisis emanated from the American market for the housing. The house prices were highest in the year 2006 and subsequently dropped beyond 30 %. This happens to be the greatest decline ever since 1930s on a national level across the US. The household debt increased drastically ...

LITERATURE REVIEW: WATER TREATMENT

1.0 Literature Review: Water Treatment.
1.1 Water Quality:
Water quality is the measure of water condition in relation to the requirements of various biotic species, the environment, and/or any human needs and purposes. Water quality is determined by measuring and analyzing it chemical, biological, physical and radiological characteristics. Both natural and human activities influence water quality. Natural influences that affect water quality are mainly climatic, geological and hydrological since they affect both the quality and quantity of water available (Diersing 2009). The highest influence on water quality occurs when its quantity is low, yet the limited resource must be ...

The novels: “Things Fall Apart,” “The Street: A Novel,” and “Christ in Concrete” shows the poor treatment of women in the society. The characters are true as the social issues in the novels are similar to the social issues that exist in the modern world. Achebe shows that men are cruel to women in many ways as Okonkwo treats his wives poorly. Donato shows that men makes crude jokes about the women in their lives, and Petry shows the lecherous Jones’ advance on Lutie. In essence, women show their strength against the harsh realities that they face in different ...

Introduction:

A literature of the Academic papers regarding harvesting ambient Radio Frequency (RF) energy shows that there are a number of potential application extant if harvested in sufficient amounts and with practically sized apparatuses. This RF (Radio Frequency) energy lends itself to a wide range of potential uses including, but not limited to, recharging personal and business usage to recharge communication apparatuses , . The greatest amount of the Academic papers reviewed look at this RF energy source as a method of employing battery-less, low-energy devices without the further complications presently inherent in solar power that is only effective in daylight situations. , , . The research available ...

Introduction

Team foundation server is a Microsoft product that was developed to assist the users in team foundation building, task item tracking, reporting of website and project management. It is a collaboration platform that was designed for Microsoft’s application life cycle. It offers support for multiple integrated platforms and environment, agile development practices and cloud services. It also gives the features and tools needed to facilitate effective control and management of software creation module during the whole information technology lifecycle. The application is used by the Microsoft team foundation to manage application using multiple client server tools with the support of ...

Natural selection is a premise advanced by Charles Darwin to explain the evolution of the human race. Darwin argued that evolution was based on a survival for the fittest strategy, and so some features of early humans evolved to ensure they dominated their ecosystems. This premise is applicable in analyzing the evolution of racism among the American society. Howard Zinn recognizes that whereas early African-Americans in the United States were treated as servants and not slaves, they were never regarded as equals to the Americans. Borrowing from Darwin’s arguments, it is evident that the natives considered the introduction of another ...

Abstract

‘Nothing Gold Can Stay’ is one of the best poems ever written by Robert Frost. It comprises only eight lines yet hold a great deal of substance. It is a highly inspirational poem which exhibits excellent alliteration, metaphor, simile, assonance, consonance, rhyming and meter. Considered as one of the best English poems, it is worth analysing. This essay illuminates the various interesting elements and literary devices- mainly the rhyming, the word music through assonance, consonance and internal rhyming and finally the metaphors used to convey such a great meaning in ‘Nothing Can Stay Gold’. The first two elements namely rhyming and word ...

1.0 Mitochondria in eukaryotic cells
Organelles are special compartments surrounded by a bilipid membrane which separates them from the rest of the cell which carry out specific functions. An example of an organelle is the mitochondria which are known to be the “powerhouse of the cell.” They have their own genome (mtDNA) and are semiautonomous. They are said to have evolved from a free α proteobacterium like organism (Takasugi, Yagi, et al., 2010). The word mitochondria is derived from two Greek words: “mitos” which means thread and “chondros” which means “grain”. These two words offer an apt description of the morphology ...

Recycling of Construction Materials1

BRICKS AND BLOCKS4
WOOD5
STEEL5 GLASS...6

References7

Introduction
Common materials used in deconstruction, renovation, and demolition sites include wood, bricks and blocks, concrete, metals and glass. They may be discarded now, but they can still be reused and recycled into other products in many ways. Typically, disposal of construction wastes are done through recycling, incineration, and disposal (Ackerman and Gallagher, 2002, Ganiron, 2014a). The construction wastes have great potential for the mitigation of the environmental impacts as based upon the material’s life cycle (Knoeri et al, 2013).
Aim
This project deals with the process of recycling the pulled down ...

How absentee fathers affect teen pregnancy in daughters

Introduction
The family is the basic unit of society. From this structure, individuals learn the tenets of how to integrate into society and cope with other members. Most mammal species live in the family unit, be it nuclear or extended. Within the family, members learn to bond, share and assist each other with difficulties. The human species shows the most sophisticated form of human organization. When children get born, they only get taught how to survive as adults, but there are certain values that parents must pass on to their children. Each family and society have different values and ...

The Enlightenment of Buddha and C.S. Lewis’ We Have No “Right to Happiness” both deal on the themes of unbridle passions and the consequences it brings in man’s life. Buddha’s realization that the true path to Enlightenment can only be achieved through selflessness is reflective of the avarices of men. Greed and ignorance pervade through the man’s life and he as he continues to delude himself with this over and over again in his cycle of rebirth, he will be unable to find the true path to reaching enlightenment. Although the tenets of Buddhism may not ...

Visitors’ Perception on Westminster London as a Sustainable, Responsible, and Environmental Friendly Destination

Referencesp.41
List of Figures
Figure 1. Findings from the questionnaires
Figure 2. Finding for three sections of sustainability, responsibility and environmental friendliness
Figure 1.1. Sustainability
Figure 1.2. Responsibility
Figure 1.3. Environmental friendliness
Abstract
Sustainable tourism is one of the rising trends in the tourism industry. More and more stakeholder groups are starting to realize the importance of their assets. One of the best ways to preserve tourist destinations (i.e. the assets) is to promote sustainable, responsible, and environmental friendly tourism management. Unfortunately, engaging in those kinds of practices and operations can be costly. Most tourism industry firms are still ...

Abstract- Literature 1

Edible oil refinement is one of the major problems faced by the developing countries across the world as edible oil effluents are a major source of environmental pollution. Owing to this, it is essential to ensure that the effluents are treated prior to its disposal. The composition, characteristics and quantity of the waste water generated depends on the operating conditions and processes followed and can vary from different organizations in the same industry. An investigative method comprising of an in-depth study of unit operations, monitoring, measurement and analysis of parameters affecting environment, and performance evaluation of utilities and pollution ...

Sylvia Plath and Marge Piercy can be considered as two outstanding feminist American writers. Plath is famous as a poet, novelist and short story writer who married the famous poet, Ted Hughes. She is the commencer of the conventional poetry and has composed many poems during her life time. Piercy is the novelist and the social campaigner who can be regarded as a significant female voice. “Lady Lazarus” and “Barbie Doll” are the two exceptional poems written by Sylvia Plath and Marge Piercy respectively.
“Lady Lazarus”, taken from the collection of poems Ariel, is famously known as the Holocaust ...

Introduction

Homelessness is a substantial and systemic problem, as it provides people with the fewest resources even less of a chance to better themselves and escape the cycle of poverty. Homeless youth, in particular, face particular problems, being offered substantially fewer chances to succeed compared to other youth of the same age who are not homeless. There are many reasons for youth to become homeless; in many cases, homeless children have homeless parents, or have been tied up in the system without a concrete family structure (e.g. orphans). One substantial phenomenon is the homeless LGBT child; despite the many social advances ...

Dubliners is a novel in the loosest of senses, much in the same way that The Martian Chronicles is a novel. Both books contain vignettes that can stand alone as separate short stories, although they contain characters and a sort of story arc that holds the whole entity together. One of the main elements that holds the story together is the plight of the poor in Dublin; despite the fact that most of the characters are poor, the truth of their poverty comes to the reader indirectly, through such details as the fact that Lenehan has not eaten all day, while he ...

Innovative Enterprise

Investment in innovation has always been thought of as an organizational process that aims at utilizing resources that are productive enough in order to create economic growth of an enterprise. According to Lazonick, investment in these productive resources usually establish a suitable foundation for economic growth (Lazonick, 2). Schumpeter, in his theory of Economic Development, noted that there is a purpose and need for every enterprise to invest in ‘superior’ productive resources that can create new set of goods using different processes of production (Schumpeter, 7). These, as he noted, must be investments geared towards innovation.
Enterprise innovation is indeed ...

Introduction

Contemporary studies view parties as alliances of politicians whose ultimate objective is to win electoral office. Parties make promises on behalf of their candidates about what they will do if elected, and help improve chances of reelection for incumbents through their records of implementing their programs (Bawn et al. 571). It is plain to see how these parties might serve democracy. Citizens can give more effective direction to government by voting for a party instead of an individual. They create an incentive for responsible governance by holding an entire party rather than a single politician accountable for government actions (Bawn et ...

Factors such as race, sex and age may be significant benchmarks in the analysis or understanding of epidemiological details such as incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer.1 For instance, the incidence and mortality rates in men are twice more than in women.1 Based on race, African American males have a higher incidence rate than White males.1 This also applies between a comparison between African American females and White females respectively.
Despite the occurrence of new cases of oral cancer, the overall incidence rate trend over the last 30 years has been declining.2 The incidence rate of oral cancer among ...

Introduction

An engine is a machine designed to transform energy into convenient mechanical motion. Heat engines, including external combustion engines and internal combustion engines, burns fuel to produce heat that then creates motion. This paper discusses petrol and diesel engines and compares the efficiency of the two engines.

Diesel Combustion Engine

A diesel engine, also referred to as compression ignition engine is an engine with internal combustion. It makes use of the heated compression to initiate ignition. Further, it burns fuel that has been injected in the combustion chamber. Diesel engines have the highest thermal efficiency at any standards, external and internal combustion engines ...

Philosophy Journal

“Burnt Norton” by T.S. Eliot
This poem is told through a narrator speaking directly to an audience. He warns of living in the present and not to suffer the past or worry about the future, “If all time is eternally” present. To worry about what one has already done in the past, “Down the passage which we did not takeTowards the door we never opened will not help to live well in the present.” (Eliot) To spend one’s time think and planning for the future is also a waste, “Here is a place of disaffection Time before and time after”. ( ...

INTRODUCTION

Substance abuse, be it alcohol, drugs, or tobacco is a serious problem in almost every neighborhood, community, town, city, or state in the United States and all across the globe. The types of drugs and the environments may change, but the outcome is always the same; addiction usually, leads to or stems from economic instability and poor decision making, which goes hand-in-hand with substance abuse. People across all demographics are affected by substance abuse in this modern age. People from all walks of life, different races, ages, genders, and religious backgrounds, all can be affected by substance abuse. This is ...

Akmansoy, Vesile & Kartal, Sadik (2014). Chaos Theory and its Application to Education: Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Case. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14[2], 510–518.
This study surveyed thirty professors from different faculties at a university in Turkey on their opinions about wether certain aspects of chaos theory could be applied to education. It was a qualitative study, using a standardized set of open-ended questions posed in the same way and same order the the participants. In analyzing the data, two researchers independently coded the themes, and then compared results. Their percentage of agreement was sufficient for statistical validity. The ...

INFORMATION SHARING AND DECISION MAKING IN HUMANITARIAN NGOS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Information Sharing and Decision Making in Humanitarian NGOs Supply Chain Management
4. Information Sharing
4.1. Concept and importance
Information sharing is one main driver in supply chain management, representing the basis of the entire supply chain management, as it provides the required data for the supply chain management (SCM) to make decisions (Ma, 2011). In a supply chain management, information sharing represents a form of coordination, connecting the members of the supply chain through various available technologies (Choi, 2010). Ma (2011, p. 876) defines information sharing in supply chain as an activity that facilitates the communication among partners ...

Literature Review on Carbon Fibers

This paper sums up a literature review on a unique and astounding development in the field of Science, known as carbon fibers. Although, they were discovered during late 1800s for the first time, their true potential was not realized until mid 20th century, and even today, researchers are experimenting over new areas of application for carbon fibers. The paper will further discuss; different areas of application, the composition, structure and characteristics of the carbon fibers used, along with a list of merits and demerits of using carbon fiber in place of a traditional alternative in modern engineering.

Carbon fibers have molded into many ...

Sorting of the Receptor

Response to questions
Q. A Describe the main pathway turned ‘on’ by the EGFR to regulate cell growth
MAPK/ERK pathway is the main pathway, which is turned on by EGFR in order to regulate cell growth. This path comprises of a chain of proteins within the cell, which communicates a signal from the cell receptor surface to the DNA within the cell nucleus. When a molecule binds to the receptor at the cell surface, a signal is induced and ends when the DNA expresses a protein, which in turn produces some changes within the cell. One of the common changes are cell ...

1.0 Introduction to E-Commerce Literature Review
E-commerce is the utilization of electronic means and technologies to conduct commerce (sale, purchase, transfer or exchange of products, services or information). It began in the year 1995, and since then e-commerce has been characterized by a steady growth in the United States from zero to £362 billion retail, travel and media business and a £4.1 trillion business-to-business juggernaut. It is bringing out enormous changes in business firms, markets and consumer behaviour (Awad, 2002, p. 25).
1.1 Success of E-commerce/e-tailing
There are several technologies that facilitate e-commerce, which have immensely contributed to ...

Did the Welfare System Cause the Dissolution of the Black Family?

Introduction

In 1965 when the civil rights movements was experiencing an explosion, Daniel Patrick Moynihan penned a report to President Johnson claiming that one of the major reasons for poverty amongst black Americans was the fact that a quarter of black families were being headed by women. While that report caused a lot of uproar for the then White House aide, today we still see that many African American homes are manned by single women as many black babies seem to be born outside of wedlock. This is a problem that looks to ...

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to provide a basic overview of lean supply chain methodology. This will also provide how the concept was evolved over the years. The paper will provide a brief overview of the basic pillars of lean supply chain and then look at the tools used to implement and monitor lean supply chain methodology. This paper also will discuss the limitations of the current lean supply chains methodology. It will then compare lean supply chain concepts with agile supply chains and green supply chains to bring out the similarities and differences. Finally the paper will provide some ...

Introduction

Polar bears are a range of bears from the family Ursidae and genus Ursus that natively lie within the boundaries of the Arctic Circle which well includes the landmasses and surrounding seas around the Arctic Ocean . Considering the native geographical location where the polar bears reside, it can be safely assumed that these creatures live in a predominantly cold weather environment . In terms of general physical features, a male adult polar bear should weight somewhere around 770 to 1,500 lbs. ; a female adult on the other hand should be somewhere around half of this size . Polar bears are a sister specie of the ...

Introduction

This review intends to discuss the literature on Disclaimers in the context of HR Communications. Disclaimers are statements which appear in a document, action or in a communication in order to specify in advance the limits of legal possibilities, ownership, effects or reactions of these documents and actions and communications. Often the disclaimers are used as a tool to avoid predicted damages caused by possible legal actions. However, the legal validity of disclaimers in general is loose and is often dependent on the interpretation by the jurisdiction varying from case to case.
Disclaimers in the context of Human Resource Management include ...

Introduction

Matcha Green Tea which is also known as maccha is a fine powder of green tea.1 It’s origin is in Japan though it has come to be spread in most parts of the world, notably in Asia. It is gradually creeping into the rest of the world, including America.4 Though it is mainly used as a beverage; matcha is also used in various ways such as flavoring as well as dying of foods which include green tea ice cream, noodles, soba and mocha noodles.1 It is also widely used for the making of Japanese confectionary also known as the wagashi. ...

The Noah’s Flood is a play adopted from the biblical story of the manner with which God rescued a few of his followers from a terrible flood that wiped out the entire human race. In the beginning, God told Noah that he would have to put an end to all the people on the universe because their deeds were evil and violent. Noah was the only man of good faith in whom God had placed his trust because God believed that his ways were chaste. God asked him to build an ark and put his entire family in it. Besides that, ...

Problems of implementing total quality management in the construction industry

For total quality management to be implemented in an organization there is a need to have a culture change in that organization. The process of changing culture in an organization is a difficult one to undertake. There is a lot of resistance while undertaking this one. The problem that is faced while undertaking the implementation of total quality management is that, it is neither a slogan nor a tool that will be used, but rather it is a paradigm in any organization. It is wide enough to be the framework that can be used by an organization in their culture. It is therefore in order to ...

Summary

This paper extracted evidences from Liu et al.’s The value of human resource mangement for organizational performance (2007), Chen’s Evaluation of Human Resources using Development Performance Management: a study among schools in Taiwan (2011), Hameed and Waheed’s Employee development and its effects on employee performance: a conceptual framework (2011), Shah et al.’s The impact of human resource dimensons on organizational performance from an international perspective (2011) and Tiraieyari et al’s A. Relationship between human development competncies and work performance (2011). Evidences were selectively extracted from these journals to serve as backup to the arguments in this ...