Wave Reports Samples For Students

Project Title/ Home Automation System/

B. Eng Electronics Engineering
Southampton Solent University
B. Eng (Hons) Electronic Engineering

Project Title: Home Automation Systems

The automation plays a vital role in saving human effect and providing accuracy in its operation. Automation can be done in many ways; it’s a real challenge to choose a most suitable system for a particular application. The Raspberry Pi and Z wave technology used in the home automation system helps to save energy, time and ensures security of the home.
- Detail Specifications
In this project we are going to use raspberry pi board, Z- wave card, Z- wave appliance plugs/switches/thermostat/sensor/remote control and mobile application. ...

Wave and Wind Power Generation

Wind Physics Basics
Wind is atmospheric air which is in motion
Energy Source
The earth surface absorbs solar radiation differently. Some parts absorb more radiation than other. This creates pressure zones. As a result of pressure, air moves from high-pressure zones to low-pressure zones. This causes atmospheric air motion known as wind. Wind is a renewable source of energy. It is constantly available free of charge (Bhattacharyya, 2011).

Spatial scales

Atmospheric air motion can be categorized depending in terms of spatial scale. Four spatial scales identified include planetary scale, synoptic scale, mesoscale, and microscale. There are various types of spatial scales ...

Velocity of Longitudinal Pressure waves in Solid Bars

The purpose of the experiment is to compute the Young Modulus of specific rocks and metals by determination of the velocity of longitudinal pressure waves through the samples

Introduction

The speed of any mechanical waves of most material posses a unique relationship with both the elastic property of the material and the inertial property of the medium. The velocity of a mechanical wave is directly proportional to the square root of the quotient of elastic property and the inertial property.
V= Elastic propertyInertial property
There are three basic types of pressure waves; infrasonic waves, sound waves and ultrasonic waves. Infrasonic ...

Introduction to Wave

Wave motion is known as transfer and moving energy from one point to another, wave is also referred as oscillation or disturbance that travels along the matter or space. There are two categories of waves they include transverse and longitudinal waves. In longitudinal wave particles of the medium are displaced in a direction parallel to the energy transferred while in a transverse wave particles of the medium are displaced in a direction perpendicular to the direction of energy transferred (Hewitt & Paul, 35).
Waves can be moved along ropes across the surface of strings and water. Some waves can travel through space. ...

Introduction

Numerous electrical applications require an inverter, which converts Direct Current (DC) to Alternating Current (AC) power. Some of these applications require the stepping down of voltage levels when realizing this conversion, which signifies that the input DC power is greater than the AC power. Conversely, certain applications require the opposite: to step up voltage when performing the power conversion, which means that the input DC power is lower than the AC power. These requirements can be met through the use of Voltage Source Inverters and Current Source Inverters, respectively. However, some particular applications require to step down voltage for ...

Introduction

Advanced electronics labs use both oscilloscopes and function generators. A function generator produces signals that provide a specifiable voltage applied over a particular time, such as sine wave or triangular wave signal. Signals generated by the device are used to control other devices to, for instance, vary magnetic field, send radioactive source back and forth, or act as a timing signal. An oscilloscope is used as a signal analyzer: they show the picture of the signal usually in the form of voltage versus time. The experimenter learns about the amplitude, frequency, and the shape of the signal. The tow ...

Abstract

In this lab, an RC circuit was set up and powered using a square wave from a function generator. The output was manipulated and examined and the results viewed on an oscilloscope. On the oscilloscope, the energy was seen in the way it is stored, delivered and manipulated in circuit elements. In the lab session also, the usefulness of an oscilloscope as a high-speed voltmeter was learned. How it monitors signals occurring in time intervals of microseconds and milliseconds.

Introduction

Electric circuits perform by separating the positive (+) and the negative (-) electricity. It works against the Coulomb forces of attraction ...

Abstract

The objective of this experiment is examination of diffraction and interference of visible light when it is passed across narrow double and single slits. In order to do so, the diffraction patterns of light will be investigated through collection of pertinent data relating to the distance between pattern’s centres and maxima. Of particular interest in this experiment is the varying intensity of light and respective positions on the display screen as ascertained trough measurement and calculation of width and separation distances for respective patterns. The experiment concludes by highlighting the wave attributes of visible light as manifested in ...

Velocity of Longitudinal Pressure in Sold Bars

Introduction
As opposed to the transverse waves, longitudinal waves are not easily visible. They usually take place in one direction. Whenever we want to generate a pulse in an oscilloscope, it is required that the wave travels in a single direction to avoid creation of seismic or spark points due to merging or collision of the waves. Both the longitudinal (compressional) and shear waves travel in the form of bulk matter although the later causes change in volume, shape or layer (Hanyga 15). In order to effectively discuss the elastic characteristics of an elastic material like bars, the young’ ...

Final Exam Geology

Patterns of Surface Ocean Currents

Surface currents are found in the upper four hundred meters of an ocean body and they form major patterns such as eddies, upwelling, and gyres (Garrishon, 2007). Surface currents result from wind energy that is concentrated in both north and south hemispheres forming trade winds which are easterlies and westerlies (Garrishon, 2007). Waves on the sea surface transfer some of the energy from the moving air to the water by friction. Pulling of wind on the surface of ocean causes an accumulation of water with the water displaced underneath the wind forming the movement.
...

Patient and Study Identification

The patient is a 10-year-old boy sent by the referring specialist neurologist, whom the patient visited after his mother had found him experiencing seizure twice during the past month. The patient was first diagnosed with absence epilepsy when he was 5 years of age, and has not experienced seizures since he was 8 years of age. The purpose of this electroencephalography (EEG) study is to identify the type of epilepsy in this case so that the patient can receive the correct treatment.

History

The patient had a normal birth and experienced healthy development until the age of 5, when his ...

Introduction

A voltage stabilizer is an electronic gadget found in most of the circuit board of home electronics. A voltage stabilizer can be found in computers radios phone chargers and also DVD players. This important gadget comprises of diodes, capacitors, transistors, resistors and a step-down transformer. The work of a voltage stabilizer is to provide a steady current to the electronic equipment for it to function efficiently. A simple model of a voltage stabilizer looks like the diagram below. Symbols have their usual meaning.
In the above diagram, a step-down transformer reduces 240V of alternating current to around 10V of alternating current at the ...

Wavelength and Frequency

In this experiment, the frequencies are recorded at high certainty values. The increased certainty in these values is due to the high precision of the Amplitude knob. It takes only a few seconds to change the frequency before an effect is seen.
When the experiment is repeated for a standing wave with two wavelengths, we get different results. The two-segment waves vibrate with a node at each end and one note in the middle such that the wavelength is equal to the length of the string used in the experiment. The frequency of two segment wavelength is about twice ...

Executive Summary 3

Introduction 3

Analysis and Results 6
Discussion of Results 8
Conclusion 8

Appendix 9

Executive Summary
In this lab, we will investigate an open-channel flow (flow down a channel with a free-surface, i.e. not confined by a rigid surface as would be the case with a pipe flow). You will get a chance to look at this flow analytically using the conservation equations (mass, linear momentum and energy), but the lab will focus on the observational evidence. You will be introduced to the hydraulic phenomenon known as hydraulic jump – the sudden transition from a higher energy state to a lower energy state constrained by the ...

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (ECT226)

Introduction
This exercise was used to prove the different electrical properties using Multisim, a simulation software. Different electronic circuits such as half-wave and full-wave rectifiers are used to prove that Multisim can be used to find values and characteristics of the wave produced by the half wave rectifier and the full-rectifier rectifier using different capacitor and resistor values. Multisim will also be used to prove the properties of a Wheatstone bridge and a bridged T network (pad).
A half wave rectifier is a circuit that is responsible for converting alternating (AC) input power to direct (DC) output power. The peak voltage ...

Introduction

This experiment is about the testing, simulation, and analysis of a second-order RLC circuit. The basic resistor-inductor-capacitor series circuit is analyzed for state variable response. The output is measured as the voltage of the capacitor. The experimental, simulated, and theoretical results are all compared and analyzed.

Purpose of the Experiment

The purpose of the experiment is to analyze a second-order RLC circuit for a state variable response.
Equipment and Materials Used
The equipment used in the experiment is listed below:
Function generator
Oscilloscope
Triple Output Power Supply
R = 100Ω, L = 25 mH, C = 0.1 uF

MULTISIM

MATLAB
The first three are used in the ...

Lab Report

Objective: To explore the characteristics of three single-phase transformers in a three-phase configuration.
Figure 1: Lab 1, Diagram.
- Star- Star (Y-Y) Connection
In star- star or Y-Y connection, each phase is 120° out of period with the extra two periods. In the same way, each secondary winding is 120° out of phase with the other two phases. Every primary winding is magnetically connected with secondary winding using the common leg. When talking about primary to secondary phases we will see that there is no phase difference in primary-secondary connections. It simplifies that both, primary and derived ...

English bay beaches

Since there is no curvey wave line on the shoreline, we concluded that there are no big waves. The waves present were characteristic of a combination of both transverse and longitudinal motions. When we stood at the beaches and watched the waves, we guessed that the water moved towards the shore. However, after careful examination, we discovered that water was not piling up on the beach. When we watched carefully at some debris on the water, we noticed that a crest of a wave moved it towards the shore, but it moved back the same distance with the wave’s trough.
...

Lab reports on Quadrature amplitude modulation and Demodulation

Introduction
Quadrature amplitude modulated is an electro-magnetic wave signal that employs two Quadrature signal carriers cos 2pfct, sin 2pfct, of which each of the signal carriers are modulated by an independent sequence of information bits. The transmitted signal assumes a wave form of this nature.

the values Amc and Amg are the two sets of amplitude that need to modulated.
QAM can be viewed as a form of combined amplitude digital phase modulation and digital amplitude. The resultant transmitted QAM signal is a cosine wave which is expressed as shown below.
umn(t) = AmgT (t) cos(2pfct + øn); m = ...

Introduction

Signals that are periodic can be represented in time and frequency. In any analysis there are major signals which are used; these signals include sine, triangle and square. Additional signals can be derived from the three main signals. There is an important component in signal technology, the low pass filter. This is an electronic gadget that used in the filtering process of the signals. The filtering process is undertaken by allowing all the frequency components that come below the cut-off frequency to go through the circuit while all other frequencies that are above cut-off frequency will be bypassed. Noise ...

A better understanding of memory consolidation and contributory factors is necessary to determine how it applies to the field of education. The following is a review of three studies on memory consolidation in the performance of different motor skill tasks by different population groups using a variety of independent variables.

Study #1

Purpose of the Study
Terpening et al. (2012) aimed to investigate the relationship between certain characteristics of sleep and the ability to learn and correctly perform a motor skill, namely sequential finger-tapping. The researchers recognized the limited number of studies done thus far on the neurological disturbances that occur in patients ...

Current methods

The current methods which are used to monitor heart rate and blood oxygen levels are Phonocardiography, Oscillometry, Photoplethysmography and Electrocardiography. The sounds generated due to heart beat and murmurs can be recorded using through a microphone. This acoustic property which determines heart rate can be studied using phonocradiographs. As a result of repeated relaxations ad contractions variations in blood pressure is observed. The frequent pulsation of the vessels is detected by automatic blood pressure monitors via peizo sensors. The rhythmic properties of blood can be sensed through alight ray reflected from the finger or an ear lobe through Photoplethysmography. The relaxation ...

Introduction

Of the over 6, species of anthozoans found worldwide, the northern Gulf of Mexico only has a few, Renilla mulleri is one of these. Commonly known as the “sea pansy” the Renilla mulleri is an anthozoan colony characterized by elongated white polyps that are vividly luminescent when handled in the dark. Under stimulus, these waves of luminescence move concentrically across the colony. Other characteristics include a short peduncle, which anchors to the substratum and makes distinct trails in the mud and the ability of the colony to use water to inflate itself.. It can be differentiated from the Renilla reniformis by ...

PURPOSE

This experiment is about the isolation of the three harmonics that is included in a non-sinusoidal waveform. The non-sinusoidal waveform here is a square wave, and the harmonics being isolated are the fundamental, third, and fifth harmonics. The experimental amplitudes and frequencies will be compared to the theoretical computations.

EQUIPMENT

Oscilloscope
Digital Multimeter
Function Generator
COMPONENTS
10 mH Inductor
10 kΩ Resistor

PROCEDURE AND RESULTS

Figure 1. RLC Circuit Diagram

PART A: Obtain the scaling factors

1) Build the circuit shown in Figure 1. Throughout the experiment, connect the input voltage to channel 1 of the oscilloscope. This input voltage is used as a trigger source for the oscilloscope. ...

Abstract

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are a type of motors that have permanent magnets mounted on the rotors instead of the rotor windings. This particular design gives the motor a few advantages over ordinary induction synchronous motors. The magnets attached to the rotor do not require excitation, which reduces the power consumption in PMSM. This gives the motor high operational efficiency and reduces the motor active diameter. PMSM are therefore associated with applications that require high torque but have limited operation space. The permanent magnets suffer from flux leakage and are therefore aligned in a pattern that minimizes flux ...

Global warming is the gradual and continuous increase in the atmospheric temperature. In the nineteenth century, global warming was a mere prediction. Scientist would say that with time, the earth temperature will start to rise at a slow but continuous rate. Today, global warming is a practical experience. Studies indicate that the average atmospheric temperature increases with 0.06o Celsius, (Houghton 2009). This rate is so alarming that if nothing is done about it, the will be adversely affected. Various evidences of global warming are evidenced in the today. Increases in global temperature coupled with melting of the polar ice ...

Abstract

The experiment is aimed at constructing a step-up transformer. This is due to the type of materials being used and the number of rolls that the wire is rolled on the U-shaped material. This can easily be related to the alternating current that is tapped from one source to the other. This current can easily be measured in respect to the size of the voltage that is alternated in between the primary transformer and that of the secondary transformer. The number of coils in the primary material is two; the other secondary coil has four coils. The material used to ...

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ABSTRACT
The RLC resonance in a circuit is a circuit in which the arrangements follow or consist of a resistor, inductor and capacitor. This lap report is not a confined order. It can take a different order, i.e. an inductor, a resistor and a capacitor thus LRC. This arrangement can be connected in series or parallel depending on the topic in question. In this circuit, RLC circuit resonance, form a harmonic oscillation for current in seen in the cathode ray tube, oscilloscope. This laboratory work or experiment tries to determine the behavior of an RLC resonance circuit in terms of the resonance frequency as displayed in ...

This experiment explores the functionalities of the oscilloscope. In part 1, the oscilloscope is used to display a DC signal and an AC signal, and to measure the frequency of an AC signal. In part 2, the oscilloscope is used to display the exponential response of an RC circuit, and to estimate the time constant τ using the displayed signal. The results of the experiment are presented in this laboratory report.
1. Oscilloscope
The oscilloscope is a device that measures electrical waveforms at any point in an electrical circuit. The waveforms are normally displayed graphically in a voltage versus time format, ...

Introduction

This experiment aims to examine the transient phase of a second order circuit. By definition, a second order circuit consists of circuit elements which are a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor connected either in series or parallel. The transient phase of the second order circuit used in this experiment was investigated by measuring the voltage across the capacitor and the resistor. The measured voltage will help determine whether the transient phase is; overdamped, critically damped or under-damped.

Equipment’s used in the Experiment

An oscilloscope, a function generator, resistors, an inductor and a capacitor.
Procedure
The voltage v(t) of the circuit 8.2 was ...

555timer

Introduction
The 555 integrated circuit (chip) is used in a variety of timer and oscillator applications. A 555 timer is used to provide time delays and oscillations and as a flip-flop element. The device has additional terminals provided to trigger or resetting purpose (Nair, 2006). During the time delay operation mode, time is precisely controlled by an external resistor and capacitor. While working as an oscillator, the duty cycle and the frequency are accurately regulated by two external resistors and a capacitor (Brumbach, & Clade, 2003). 555 is triggered and reset on falling waveforms. A typical 555 timer IC is ...

Introduction

Contactless payment systems have evolved into a popular method of payment across the United Kingdom and internationally (CPSS 2012). Many merchants, including ExxonMobil, McDonald’s, Burger King, AMT Coffee, Tesco, Subway and other notable members of the hospitality, production, energy and other industries accept this form of payment (Anderson 2015). The most influential members of the international financial community, including MasterCard, Citibank, American Express, JPMorgan Chase, Barclays Bank, Visa and other institutions, involved in banking and financial sector, power the system (Dapp 2012; Chaudhyry 2012). The commentators anticipate that by 2020 every third transaction online and offline will be ...

Research analysis indicates that hydraulic jumps may occur in places like rivers and any other fast flowing liquid channels. They occur when liquids with a high rate of kinetic energy are slowed down immediately leading to its format. These hydraulic jumps can happen in in places like waterfalls and also in fast flowing cataracts. According to Bonn 2009, a hydraulic jump occurs in open channel flows which include spillways and rivers. A high velocity of liquid discharges into a lower velocity zone and an immediate rise occurs on the surface of the fluid. An immediate slowdown of the rapidly flowing liquid occurs ...

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TA’s Name:
ABSTRACT
In an LRC circuit where a resistor, capacitor and inductor are connected in series is an example of a resonant circuit. Such a circuit can be tuned in order to achieve resonance. At resonance the phase angle of the input voltage in the circuit is zero. When an AC input voltage is applied to such a circuit the phase angle will be affected since the impedance of the capacitor and inductor are dependent on the frequency of the input voltage. For this experiment the phase difference between voltage and current for components in a series LRC resonant circuit. ...

Abstract

The current discussion is aimed at the dissection of ethics, corporate social responsibility and sustainability of British Petroleum (BP) by taking the case of Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill in to consideration. By commencing the discussion with an overview of the externalities present in the oil industry, the pressures on oil companies are examined which is further evaluated through the application of stakeholder theory and the theory of utilitarianism.
In the case of BP, it is revealed that the resort to CSR was primarily a reactive measure to correct its tainted brand image and save it from reputational risks. ...

Letter of Transmittal

Richard Albert Sylvester
Management Consultant
Lamplighters Corporation
Ottawa K I P 5B5
Phone: 613-563-1509
www.lamplightres.ca
The Right Honorable Justin P.J. Trudeau

Office of the Prime Minister

80 Wellington Street

Ottawa, ON K1A 0A2

RE: Project Suitability Report on the Proposed Trans Mountain Expansion Pipeline Project
Dear Right Honorable Prime Minister,
It is with great pleasure and honor that I submit this report on the suitability of the proposed Trans Mountain Expansion pipeline project.
The Trans Mountain Expansion pipeline project proposal by Kinder Morgan aims at increasing the current capacity of the existing Trans Mountain oil pipeline. Currently, the existing infrastructure has a capacity of 300,000 barrels per ...

Introduction

The modern market is full of surprises that if left to the perceived strong players and watched from a distance by junior players, would lead to monopoly and subsequently compromise product and service quality. In the past, fierce competition was a thing for big companies scrambling for a sizeable market share. It mainly involved product oriented companies. Service industry operated like a shaved sheep that has nothing to worry of when approaching a sliding ground. Today, the wave of quality products and services continue to awaken these companies that have so long enjoyed the royal nap for many years.

Process Design

...

Introduction

Determination of the direction in which light travels might be a simple experiment, but quite significant in realizing essential theories and principles behind light travel. The physics of light is a cornerstone to an advanced physics, and other optical areas. The behavior of light is correspondent any behaviors exhibited by a particle or wave (Avison 35). Light is a particular kind of wave that behaves in a given manner. Below is the experimental procedure that shows how the path of light can be determined.

Materials

This experiment will require simple materials, which include:
Three pieces of simple index cards
Assortment ...

Aims

Studying the vibrational modes of organ pipes
Introduction
Sound is a vibration that arises from a mechanical wave of pressure and displacement, through a medium like air or water (Berg and Stock, 23). The reception and perception of these waves by the brain is referred to as sound. On the other hand, acoustics deals with the study of these mechanical waves in matter (pg. 40). In this experiment, the organ pipe is the main target of discussion. This is a sound producing wind instrument that resonates at a specific pitch when pressurized air is driven through it. A complete ...

Introduction

Tesco is the leading supermarket in United Kingdom, and is the dominant company to realize endless benefits of large data analytics. It supplies customers nationally with groceries and a huge range of diverse services. From the start of mid 990s, Tesco launched own loyalty program having Clubcard. Several competitors used identical cards as a way to get target coupons and discounts. Nevertheless, Tesco discovered the importance of insight it would provide into its consumer’s behavior patterns. The company commenced processing the large flood of data originating in from these cards, and managed to better target mailings of coupons ...

Abstract

Z-source inverter refers to a DC-AC converter that is unique in various ways. It consists of a companion of the regular voltage source inverter and Z-source impedance that acts as Buck-Boost converter. The DC-DC boosting leads to the Z-source having the buck-boost converter properties, rather than having two separate devices. In this design, the system is simplified by having one device that can do both the DC-DC boosting and DC-AC conversion. It also has the voltage source properties. The Z-source is said to be a three-phase inverter. In this design, an SPWM technique will be used to control the ...

Introduction 5

Background Information 5
RC circuit 6
RL Circuit. 6
Objectives 8
Experimental Procedure. 8
Experiment 1: The Capacitive Circuit (RC Circuit) 9
Step response. 9
Sinusoidal Response. 11
Experiment 2: The RLC circuit 12
Step response 14
Sinusoidal Response 16
Conclusion 18

Bibliography 19

This is an experiment up that shows the electrical response of different types of built circuits. Three different circuits consisting of different components which are capacitors, inductors and resistors are made. All the components are connected in series. The two types of circuits under investigation are listed below.
Resistor-capacitor circuit.
Resistor-capacitor-inductor circuit.
Background Information
The lab manual ...

Introduction

In the United Kingdom, ten years ago the television was the major medium of entertainment. Now, in the era of technology laptops, PCs, mobiles, and tablets have become the dominant players of entertainment. The access of youngsters to the different devices has increased dramatically in the UK (Ellis and GreenBank, 2015) (See Appendix). These changing patterns created huge challenges for media and creative agencies. In the flow of the media, the boundaries between numerous media channel became blurred. It became more important for media agencies to determine that how these Medias individually operate with the aim of producing the ...

Foundation Course – Researching Psychology

Abstract Page
The research being conducted has practical, theoretical and scientific value in the research field. Lacanian discourse analysis helps identify the treatment in psychoanalysis, can be applied to studying mental and social characteristics of a language spoken by various minorities.
An interviewer and an interviewee took part in a research; the conversation was written down and attached to the paper on the consent of the interviewee. The theory of Lacanian Discursive Analysis has been applied to the paper in order to identify the symbolic and the imaginary unconscious reflected in the language spoken.
In the first section ...

Earthquakes are vibrations of the Earth that are caused by the rupture and sudden movement of rocks along faults or breaks within the earth's crust. The elastic-rebound theory is a model used to explain the origin of earthquakes. It illustrates the buildup of elastic strain from stresses within the earth's crust and the abrupt release of energy along faults as the rocks return or rebound to their initial state (Ristau 249; Hamblin and Christiansen 510). The point within the Earth where the earthquake's energy is generated by the initial slippage or movement is called the focus. The epicenter is the ...

ABSTRACT

In the vibrating beam experiment, an aluminum cantilever beam was made to vibrate. An accelerometer transducer was used to convert the mechanical vibrations into a signal that was fed into an oscilloscope via a power supply. The oscilloscope mapped the signal into a sine curve and displayed it on the screen.
The oscillations’ decay curve was studied and the beam’s damping ratio was determined. The decay curve’s logarithmic decrement was used to determine the beam’s damping ratio and its natural frequency.
The beam’s damping ratio was observed to be underdamped at a damping ratio of 0.0066.

LIST OF SYMBOLS

E ...

Figure 1Mechanism of electron flow in solar cell 3
Figure 2 Structure of typical Photovoltaic solar cell 3
Figure 3 Types and efficiency of different PV cells 4
Figure 4: Laboratory scale efficiency associated with size of different PV cells in China 5
Figure 5 Working mechanism or Principle of Solar Cell (Rongqiang.2006) 6
Figure 6 Efficiency for different silicon cells having varying combinations 7
Figure 7: Pricing of different installed PV systems 9

Photovoltaics Solar Power

1. Introduction
The sun has been seen for decades as the center of the universe instead of an ...

Theb Great 1964 Alaska Earthquarke

Introduction
The Prince William Sound region in Alaska went down in North American books of history on March 27, 1964 for experiencing a fatal earthquake. The magnitude of the earthquake rated on various scales, but the moment magnitude rated it at 9.2mm. The epicenter was located approximately 10km to the east of college Fiord, Valdez 90km to the west of the epicenter and anchorage 120 Km to the east as fig 1.1 shows. The bearing of the epicenter was Lat. 61.04N, Long. 147.73W with an estimated depth of 25KM (American Society of Civil Engineers & Schiff 1991). At the time ...

Ultraviolet (UV) light refers to the electromagnetic radiation that possess a shorter wavelength compared to the visible light and longer than that of the x-rays. The wavelength of UV light ranges from 400 nm to 100 nm (NASA, 2013). This corresponds to photon energies that range from 3 to 4 eV. The UV light got its name from the fact that the spectrum that is formed by the light has electromagnetic waves that have a frequency greater that the ones that are identified by humans as violet. The frequencies are not visible to humans other than those who have a condition called ...

Background information about business and customer base

Hyatt Regency Ludhiana represents an important investment in the hotel industry by becoming the first such facility to be erected in Punjab. The hotel enjoys a strategic location which is on a busy highway environment and intertwined between the highly competitive commercial and residential place. The strategic location gives the hotel an important viewpoint and it enable it to compete effectively with the changing market front. The hotel has a close proximity to modernized road transport and a newer Railway Station which also include the Interstate Bus Termination. By car, the hotel can be reached within just 15 minutes. On the upper end ...

Abstract

The aim of this experiment was to determine the titration curves exhibited by two amino acids (Glutamic acid and Alanine) and use them to determine their Pka values and their isolectric point. Results from the experiment reveal several interesting facts as will be seen throughout this paper. As ampoteric compounds, this paper seeks to investigate these base-acid properties found in amino acids. Therefore, this paper will have the following basic parts; introduction, procedure for titration, discussion of titration results with reference to the titration curves as well as a conclusion. The introduction part will give an in-depth look at the ...

(QAM) Laboratory Report

For (XXX)

Objective:
Components required:
A carrier source, data source, phase shifter, multiplier, symbol mapping, noise channel, PCB board, phase scope and oscilloscope.
Theory:
There are two types of modulation technique namely analog and digital. QAM is a technique that uses both analog and digital modulation technique. It is the abbreviation used for Quadrature amplitude modulation.
In analog modulation scheme it passes the two message signals by varying the amplitude of the two carrier waves using amplitude modulation method. In the case of digital modulation technique two digital bit streams are transferred in which ...

Multi-driver speaker systems require ‘Crossovers’ as their subsystems and are primarily used for the separation of input signal on the basis of driver into various different frequency ranges. The power which is received by the drivers is only in their usable frequency range and therefore the distortion which is caused in the drivers can be reduced with the use of crossovers. Crossovers are only helpful in order to minimize the distortion and it is not possible to completely block at the passband edges, similarly amplitude variation and face changes also cannot be completely restricted.
Crossovers are primarily of ...

During the existence of the Napoleon's French Empire there emerged a couple of revolutionary war against the regime. These wars were perpetuated by organized coalitions that had the common ain of disbanding this French Empire. One of the reasons as to why these series of opposition wars became significant is because European nations at the time had began to develop their weapons using modern technology therefore resulting in massive and large scale destruction of the affected areas. After a long struggle between the Napoleon Empire and the opposing coalitions, there was growth of a nationalistic feeling between nations as they felt the ...