Essays on Abnormality

Introduction

One of the most common strategies of criminal defense attorneys when representing a defendant who has an unusual condition such as a mental abnormality, is to argue either that regardless of their actions, they are nevertheless not responsible for the crime or that they never had the capacity to commit a crime. The reason that criminal defense attorneys can make these arguments is that criminal law recognizes a number of unique situations where otherwise criminal conduct should not be subjected to a determination of guilt and the offender should be exempted from the crime (LaFave, 2000). These arguments, which ...

INTRODUCTION

There are so many different diseases, disorders, ailments and syndromes that can affect human beings in ways that can impact the quantity or quality of life of those who suffer from them. Biological Psychology is a specific discipline that focuses upon the behaviors of human beings and other animals based on the study of their physiology, genetics and mechanisms of development. One of the many different afflictions that Biological Psychologists are interested in is Tourette Syndrome, also called Tourette Disorder, Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome or simply TS or GTS; it was first discovered by Georges Albest Edouard Brutus ...

Introduction

Behavioral psychologists assert that human characteristics are normally distributed and view abnormality a significant deviation from the normal or average behavior (Carter & McGoldrick, 2013). Additionally, an abnormal behavior can be perceived as a socially unacceptable and maladaptive behavior that often results from distorted thoughts. In abnormal psychology, an individual’s emotional, cognitive, and behavioral attributes are examined. In this study, different ways of defining abnormality will be examined. Particularly, a case of a 70-year-old that enters university and started acting the same way as an 18-year-old student will be analyzed. Further, an example of a historic behavior that was ...

Turner syndrome is a typical example of a chromosome abnormality caused by the mutation of the chromosomal DNA complex. It is caused by the missing of one sex chromosome in the body. It is presented when the sexual gene orientation of a lady’s chromosome are not complete and lack some genes (Rosenfeld et al. 23). It is caused during the sexual intercourse when a pair of chromosomes fails to separate hence leading to the formation of an embryo with only one X-chromosome. In the embryo formation during copulation, both the parents give out X-chromosomes leading to XX-chromosomes but ...

Models of abnormality are frameworks that assist in explaining the behavioral, cognitive, biological and psychodynamics of individuals (Sue, Sue & Sue). Additionally, the models help to explain why illnesses occur and the treatments associated with these illnesses. Each model presents a different approach to resolving the psychological illness that an individual may be going through. For the purposes of this paper, the behavioral and cognitive models will be discussed, compared and contrasted.

Behavioral Model

The behavioral model in psychology is typically expressed as an alternative to the conventional medical frameworks that are used to explain individual behaviors. The therapies that are governed ...

Prenatal Testing and Screening

Prenatal testing and screening have raised the number of ethical issues related to diagnostic testing in relation to special circumstances of pregnancy. The concerns related to the diagnostic testing involve greater ethical concerns for the parents with disabilities that need to be effectively addressed. It is debated that the prenatal diagnosis in contemporary society has enhanced the testing process to make right decisions about the pregnancy. However, there are number of concerns that evolve within our society concerning the cultural, religious and other social pressures. In the case of people with disabilities it is argued that the people often ...

Patient and Study Identification

The patient is a 10-year-old boy sent by the referring specialist neurologist, whom the patient visited after his mother had found him experiencing seizure twice during the past month. The patient was first diagnosed with absence epilepsy when he was 5 years of age, and has not experienced seizures since he was 8 years of age. The purpose of this electroencephalography (EEG) study is to identify the type of epilepsy in this case so that the patient can receive the correct treatment.

History

The patient had a normal birth and experienced healthy development until the age of 5, when his ...

Nowadays a lot of problematic issues and controversies about people’s social, religious, racial and gender identity have been discussed. Equality of human rights, recognition of basic moral and ethical principles, tolerance and respect towards people with different background are the main conditions of real freedom and democracy. Although, people have started realizing new progressive ideals and there has been a significant decrease in the race discrimination rates, the problem of transgender identity still remains unsolved and public offense or misunderstandings still very frequently occur in different mass media sources. Many people wonder, why one should change his or ...

Lis Rodriguez

Lab 1 ASA College Abstract Patau’s syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that involves trisomy 13. The condition is characterised by either an extra copy of the autosomal chromosome number 13 or a translocation to chromosome 13 from another chromosome. There are severe symptoms observed in the unborn and newborn children having this defect. Polydactyly, cleft lips, physical retardation, mental retardation, heart defects are few of the many symptoms. The disease can be diagnosed during gestation via screening methods followed by several analytical procedures like FISH, karyotyping and microarray on samples of blood and serum from the pregnant ...

Summary of the article

This article is about a study that was conducted to check the abnormal short latency synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex of subjects with Becker muscle dystrophy (BMD). Before the research could take place, the author indicates that the assessment of the cortical function especially with patients with BMD has brought about contradicting results. The researchers used the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) so as to explore the excitability of the motor cortex. Therefore, the participants of the study were thirteen patients suffering from Becker Muscle dystrophy. Out of the thirteen patients, six of them are stated to have ...

Research Question: Does a diet such as low fat and low cholesterol really help lower LDL? Hypothesis: It may or may not. Early research sometimes suggested not eating eggs would help lower cholesterol. This resulted in limits for how many eggs one should eat, if any. Determine if a low fat and low cholesterol diet really works with the study outlined below . Compare two groups of patients: one group eliminating foods which may alter LDL levels and one which continues on with their usual diet before diagnosis of the high LDL levels. Foods to be considered are eggs, 2% ...

This essay will look at the second substantive area which is the psychopathology, focusing on depression. Depression is defined as the most common psychological disorders, characterised by disturbances of mood (Willson & Bailey, 2008). Symptoms of depression include (1) difficulty concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions, (2) feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and/or helplessness, (3) feeling of hopelessness and/or pessimism, (4) insomnia, (5) irritability, (6) loss of interest in activities, (7) overeating or appetite loss, (8) persistent aches or pains, (9) persistent sad, anxious, or empty feelings and (10) thoughts of suicide (WebMD, 2016). Reliability of depression diagnoses is consistent among ...

Abstract

This paper describes the various medical terminologies with their detailed meanings and brief definitions. The definitions and terminologies follow an essay which describes the many conditions and illnesses of the human body. It illustrates by discussing that certain diseases incurred by people might be similar in their symptoms and indications. Certain diseases are inherited by people and others can be incurred through environmental factors and growing age. The paper also explains that each part of the body is susceptible to disease. For instance, cancers can occur in many parts of the body and at times, an individual might not ...

The Name of the Class

Psychological Abnormality The concept of mental abnormalities in behavior has always been a debate among psychologists and psychiatrists. Practical application of this concept in psychology and psychiatry comes down to personal experience gained in professional work. It is the main criterion for evaluating diagnostic data of personal properties as the mentally ill and mentally healthy people. Despite the fact that the performance of various personal properties by test standards may be lower than the test norms of certain personal qualities. Psychiatrists most rely on personal experience, based on which they determine psychological diagnoses of individuals to assess their mental ...

Which patient scored the highest on the preoperative CVLT Acquisition? What was his or her T score?

The highest T score on the preoperative CVLT Acquisition is 63 (Patient #3). Which patient scored the lowest on postoperative CVLT Retrieval? What was this patient’s T score? The lowest postoperative CVLT Retrieval T score is 24 (patient #14). Did the patient in Question 2 have more of a memory performance decline than average on the CVLT Retrieval? Provide a rationale for your answer. The average T-score on the CVLT Retrieval is 38.2, that is higher than 24. Hence, the patient in Question 2 have more of a memory performance decline than average on the CVLT Retrieval.

What is the mean and standard deviation for preoperative T score for CVLT Acquisition?

Mean=45.9SD=5.2 ...

With

Peripheral Vascular Disease Effects of Physical Therapy on Patients with Peripheral Vascular Disease The term Peripheral Vascular Disease stands for systemic manifestations of atherosclerosis leading to narrowing of the arteries lying distal to the arch of aorta. The commonest manifestation of Peripheral Vascular Disease is the intermittent claudication of the affected organ. At times, this disease condition may lead to acute or critical ischaemia of the affected limb. Intermittent claudication can be explained as the pain of the limbs on exercise or exertion, this symptom is commonly seen in the lower limbs. The prevalence of such intermittent claudication is ...

ACTIVIES: Abnormal Psychology. Please complete all activities and include these with your final submission.

In order that you can answer the essay on this area you will need to structure your introduction. First of all you could look up the definitions of abnormality and normality in the dictionary. Write these here:

Normality

Normality is the state that is characterized with normal behaviours that in turn opposed the factors such as deviance or unusual conditions. The normal behaviour is consistent when aligned with other behavioural practices of that individual .

Reference:

American Psychiatric Association, 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). ...

DISCUSS THE ROLE OF ION CURRENTS IN DETERMINING THE SHAPE AND DURATION OF CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIAL

Introduction Selective permeability to various ions is an important characteristic of cell membranes, one that determines myriad cellular functions. In animal cells, ion permeability and the electrical potential generated thereof determines the activity of neurons, myocytes and the like. The electrical potential depends on the concentration of the ions inside and outside any given cell, the permeability of the cell membrane to the ions and the ion channels that are present on the surface of the cell. Cardiac cells also possess different ion channels on their surface. These determine the two types of electrical potentials, namely, resting membrane ...

Introduction

There are numerous diverse models used to clarify the nature and treatment of mental illness. This paper will compare and contrast biological and psychodynamic models of abnormality. The biological model recommends that abnormal conduct be brought about by biological elements, particularly including hereditary material and the brain. The brain consists of billions of neurons (nerve cells) that get and transmit data. The brain is isolated into two halves of the globe, each one controlling the inverse side of the body. The brain structures most applicable to abnormal conduct incorporate the thalamus, hypothalamus, reticular enacting framework, limbic framework, and cerebrum. ...

1) In her essay "The Five Sexes," Fausto-Sternling (1993) argues that there are multiple intersexes that exist between male and female. As opposed to the Western idea of having only two sexes, there are different groups inbetween; hermaphroditic and intersexual people exist and must be acknowledged. In the case of Levi Suydam, an intersexual man who wished to vote in 1843; since he was considered a woman, he was initially barred from voting, since women could not vote at that time.

Fausto-Sternling's primary argument is that there are many biological instances of the intersexual body that exist ...

Congenital Heart Valve Disease

The congenital heart disease refers to the defects in the functioning and structure of the heart that occur during conception, and is said to take place somewhere between the 3rd and 10th week of pregnancy. According to research, the prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease may vary from about 4 to 10 for every 1,000 live births. It was noted that the frequency of the disease increased as more adults are diagnosed to be suffering from critical CHD from 1985 until 2000, where there are almost equal cases in the number of adults and children who are detected to ...

VTE Nursing Research

Venous Thromboembolism Introduction Venus thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition that includes both pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT commonly occurs when blood clots in deep veins normally in the pelvic veins or in the legs. However, VTE is common any vein in the human body. Patients who develop VTE have a 35% to 65% chance of dying from it. It is important to research on Venus thromboembolism (VTE) because as the third most common cardiovascular disease, it is a leading cause of mortality and mobility worldwide. VTE results from slowing of the blood flow (stasis), damage of ...

Introduction

Conceptual mapping is a graphical representation of concepts or ideas and the relationship between them. The concepts are represented as vertices of a graph while the relationship between them is represented by edges which may be directional or unidirectional depending on the relationship between the concepts. Conceptual mapping can be thought of as theory-building process because it explores the relationship between various concepts such as causes and effects. In this easy, the works of various authors are analyzed in view of conceptual mapping as a theory-building process. Artinian, B. M. (1982). Conceptual Mapping: Development of the Strategy. West Journal of

Nursing Research 4(4), 379-393.

According ...

(Name of Student)

“One person’s abnormality is another person’s life.”-Alice Dreger

The extent to which one person’s abnormality is another person’s life is relative to the scope of anatomical normality or abnormality. Genetic abnormalities that relate to gender, otherwise known as anatomical sexual variation, are part of human intersexuality. Intersex is defined as the anatomical variation from the standard male or female gender, and is a pathological variable that require medical treatment. This means that an intersex child has the sexual anatomy of both genders. Intersex genitals may therefore be a sign of an underlying medical condition, but they are not a medical problem. The notion that ...

The human body comprises of many health complication due to variation, environment, activities and nutritional factors. Human beings are prone to developing some disorders arising from the above mentioned factors at different degrees and extent. The most alarming thing is the increase in incidences of young people being affected by VTE (Amin, 2009). This has necessitated the addressing the issue of VTE to determine why it has become so dreadful to the youths and young generations. Similarly, the paper will discuss the issue of the core measures that have been incorporated in health care and their net effect on ...

A phobia is an extreme fear that will not go away. People may develop a phobia after having a bad encounter with a certain situation, object or activity. Therefore, trypanophobia is an extreme fear of needles. The number of people suffering from trypanophobia is increasing significantly since the people with this condition refuse to seek help from a doctor. People with needle phobias constantly experience panic attacks, lightheadedness, or fainting when they come across two needles. This fear prevents many people from obtaining required vaccinations, blood tests and other medical care, which make it a serious issue. Therefore, the paper will examine how Trypanophobia ...

Sexual deviance comprises of a wide range of abnormal sexual expressions from cross dressing, fetishism, sexual masochism, incest, pedophilia, and rape. On the contrary, sexual deviant behavior can be defined in different contexts. According to sociology, sexual deviance varies from culture to the other depending different cultural beliefs and norms. Sexual deviant behaviors are attributed with discomfort, bizarreness, and inefficiency. Some sexual deviant habits include paraphilia, exhibitionism, fetishism, and masochist among others. Paraphilia individuals have behavior, an urge, or a sexual fantasy that is distressing and repetitive while exhibitionism entails sexual pleasure through exposure of the genitals (Goode, 2010). Fetishism, on ...

Iron deficiency anemia: Pregnancy outcomes with or without iron supplementation:

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of iron supplements by analyzing the data set of Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry from 1980 to 1996. The basis of the efficacy of iron supplements would be provided by the birth complications or congenital abnormalities of the offspring of the mothers. The result of the study showed 3,242 cases with congenital abnormalities and 6,358 controls without congenital abnormalities had mothers with iron deficiency anemia. The study presented three primary findings, and three secondary findings that need further investigation.

Introduction

In this study, the authors aimed to validate the efficacy ...

Introduction

Bullying was considered as a normal phenomenon and people used to consider it as part of child development. In recent years, bullying has emerged as one of much debated issues that affect thousands of students across the United States of America. Considering negative and dangerous effects of bullying, various schools across the United States of America have developed a zero tolerance approach on indents of bullying.Bullying affects personal, psychological and social behavior of students and at the same time, it also affects the school education in aconsiderable manner. Bullying interferes in the American education system and affects all the related aspects. ...

Dementia is a condition caused by brain disease. It is typically chronic or unremitting in nature. It disturbs several functions including memory, thinking, calculation, judgment, language as well as learning capacity. However, consciousness is still clear. The function abnormality comes with worsening in social manners, inspiration or emotional direction. Dementia happens in a great number of disturbing the brain (WHO, 7). The most common form of dementia is the Alzheimer’s disease that comprises the sixty to seventy percent of dementia cases. Other forms of dementia are vascular dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. Dementia also occurs in mixed forms ...

Blood Pressure, Hypertension and the Nervous System

Cardiovascular activities within the human body are generally facilitated by the regulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic afferent and efferent nerve fibers. Blood pressure is the relationship between the vascular resistance and the amount of blood that the heart pumps per minute (i.e. cardiac output). Cardiac output is affected by the following factors: end-diastolic volume, cardiac muscle contraction, and heart rate. While the sympathetic nervous system controls the blood volume and the tone of venous smooth muscle (determinants of end-diastolic volume) alone, the myocardial contraction and heart rate is controlled by both sympathetic and parasympathetic regions of the autonomic ...

Introduction to Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe mental ailment that affects about one percent of the population worldwide. It is a major mental disorder that inflicts an enormous burden on the victim causing poor quality of life (Jones PB, Barnes TRE, Davies L, et al, 2006). It increases morbidity and mortality (Murray C J and Lopez A D, 1997), disrupts interpersonal connections and upsets family structures and adds substantial economic costs to the society (Freedman R, 2003). Typical symptoms of schizophrenia, include, delusions, disordered thinking, hallucinations, and bizarre speech or behavior. Though it is very rare to observe the onset of this disease ...

Introduction

This paper summarizes four papers related to Pervasive Healthcare in Smart Environment for Aged-Care in UAE. This assignment criticizes four research papers in the context and literature of the research question. This paper highlights key elements such as; aim of the study, methodology used, outcome and analysis of the paper. - ANGELAH: a framework for assisting elders at home

Aim

The paper aims at addressing domestic safety for elders. It is because there is an increase in injuries and deaths among the elderly.

Objectives

-how can we detect and monitor possible dangerous situations? -how can we improve emergency response and ...

who witnessed the Civil War and their Families

The Psychology behind Father and Son Relationship

Introduction The emergence of any type of chaos is suggestively able to create a distinct adjustment on the behavioral response of human individuals towards stress and pressure. Soldiers, in particular, are faced with the challenge of facing life and death situations and making decisions on how they are likely to embrace their own survival while putting the lives of their enemies in danger (Brewin, et al, 158). Civilians who are likely considered as the indirect target of the wars become the primary victims of the situation. Although they do not want ...

- Drowsy with warm, turgor and dry skin and mucous membrane: The skin also has to be checked in order to detect the presence of sweat as well as the degree of elasticity. With dehydration, the skin loses water and becomes less elastic. - High pulse rate: A person admitting dehydration has an increased pulse rate and the blood pressure drops due to fluid depletion. - Abnormality in degrees of electrolytes: The admitting chemistries indicate abnormality in the electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and chloride. The blood tests are also carried out in order to assess the ...

I – Introduction The developmental disabilities are group of conditions due to impairment in learning, physical, language, or behavior areas. The impairment of learning will be determined through the child’s developmental milestone, proper monitoring, and screening at early stages. Parents play a vital role of the interventions necessary for the development of a child and seek assistance from health specialists of the child’s condition. These conditions start during the developmental period of young children and have a great impact in the daily functioning, and it last throughout a lifetime. - Definition of Developmental Delay Developmental Delay refers to children ...

Introduction

The society receives the magnitude of various types of illnesses with equal different perceptions (Fink et al., 2003). For instance, somebody suffering from certain chronic disease that the society considers it as ‘severe’ with intolerable effects will be treated courteously. This is opposed to one suffers another type of chronic disease but tolerable in the eyes of the society. The case of Marty and Sally justifies this claim. It is evident that Marty’s mental illness is associated with certain violent behaviors that could emerge any time. This would mean that Marty could be violent to anybody around him ...

I. What is it Like to be an ADHD Person? (ADHD Signs and Symptoms)

What do persons with ADHD are like?

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been described as the most prevalent childhood disorder (Dell & Shultz, 2009). A person with ADHD has difficulty focusing on a particular task, which he/she finds commonplace or boring, which makes him/her to get easily distracted at it. He/She has a hard time controlling the things he/she has to do or say, as well as, the amount of physical activity he/she has to perform as compared to someone without an ADHD. Because an individual with ADHD has greater impulsiveness and restlessness, he/she may ...

1. This statement is from a researcher involved in studying cases of feral children: In the sad and mysterious case of __Genie_ we have an instance of developmental deficiency produced, not by a loss of senses, but by deprivation of the power of exercising them. Place the name of one of the feral cases covered in class in the blank space above then, in your own words tell me what you think this statement means as it relates to the case you chose as well as to all the cases of feral children. Support your point of view with explanation, ...

Introduction

‘The yellow wallpaper’ is a famous short story written by American writer charlotte Perkins Gilman. The story is considered as a landmark in American feminist literature and the same was published in a magazine in the year, 1892. Writing such feminist story was a brave step and this was very innovative for any contemporary writer. This paper intends to discuss ‘The yellow wallpaper’ with a special perspective to examine feminism along with discussing several other related aspects of the story.

Discussion

The yellow wallpaper is the story of a woman who is also the narrator of this story. This woman belongs to upper middle class society ...

Technology has affected everyone on this planet and it has changed the way we live in more ways than we can count. It has evolved in every field and has made us more developed. The use of technology in communication has made us closer and faster; its use in electronics has made our lives easier and its use in aviation has helped us reach the sky. Healthcare is also a field of science that has been completely evolved with technology. The medical benefits we gain from the use of technology in healthcare are immeasurable. Technology has helped many chronically ...

Brittani Scott

Introduction Sickle-cell disease is an illness that is multisystem, linked to episodes of progressive damage of organ and acute illness, and is among the most common dangerous monogenic disorders in the world (Weatherall, Hofman, Rodgers, Ruffin, & Hrynkow, 2005). The sickle-shape erythrocytes were initially described in the year 1910 by Herrick (Herrick, 1910) and understanding has slowly increased from that time. Together with his colleagues, Pauling (1949) keyed out electrophoretic abnormalities in sickle HbS and made up the word molecular disease in the year 1949. The genetics, as well as biophysics of hemoglobin behind the disease, have been widely ...

Introduction

Abnormality is a physical malformation or deviation from the typical behavior. Different backgrounds such as religions, cultures and ages lead to abnormal behavior. Personality of one self is what shapes behavior. Though cultural around a person also facilitates and affects a person to start with abnormal behavior no matter the age or religion of the person. The process of differentiating abnormal and normal behavior must take into account in cultural relativism. However, a major important component of culture is religion (London, Rosenhan, & Perspectives 1968). In every religion there are distinguished practices and customs that are unique to different cultures. There are different ...

Biological underpinnings for recovery models in substance abuse, as applied to a specific life stage according to Erikson’s or Vaillant’s theoretical stages. In a biological perspective, growth and development of the human being diversely differ across the genetic composition. It simply implies those different individuals are identified using distinct aspects of life for instance, the health, gender, socioeconomic, cultural identity, growth, ethnicity and sexual orientation. According to Erik Erikson’s theories of human development stages, it categories adulthood into three distinct stages. These include the earliest stage of adulthood (young), the stage between the final and the young ...

Introduction

Sally Thomas is a twenty three years old mother and is comprehensively covered in this clinical scenario. The scenario covers aspects of her family history which are of essence to any medical decisions associated with any clinical procedure. The aspect of her past pregnancies will be comprehensively articulated in the case study. Her medical history will be analyzed and clinical solutions proposed for her problems. It is pertinent to note that the scenario will be comprehensive and will articulate each stage of the pregnancy. The scenario will be broken down into multiple sub section which includes the ante partum, fetal ...

Crohn’s disease overview

Crohn’s disease (also called ileitis or enteritis) is a chronic, relapsing–remitting, non-infectious form of bowel disorder that mainly causes inflammation of the digestive tract, and is the general term for diseases that cause swelling in the intestines. This term has replaced older terms that include regional or terminal ileitis and granulomatous colitis; it doesn’t just imply any cause, site, or pathological response. The terminal ileum and the right colon are two sites that are most vulnerable, a close to this pathological disability can negatively influence multiple parts of the body, but this negative effect is connected with ...

- Abstract Description and Proposal of Project. This project is based on the structural and compositional dynamics of a local forest. The type of forest that is used for this research is Oak-Hickory. A local forester invited our group to conduct a Continuous Forest Inventory (CFI) in the forest. The process involved the setting up of Continuous Forest Inventory plots in this forest. A total of three fifth-acres CFI plots were set of up. The process of setting up these plots involved the random selection of a site within the forest and the identification of a plot center. All trees within 52.7 ...

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine benefits of ultrasound over MRI as an imaging modality for assessing fetal brain. This study establishes that these two imaging modalities mainly play matching roles. Several differences exist in relation to the laws, abilities, technology and guidelines governing abortion. These differences have a significant effect on how pathologists use prenatal imaging in their treatment procedures. Based on the roles that each method plays and other predetermined factors, a person has to select the most suitable and applicable imaging modality. The benefits and confines of the two imaging modalities when establishing a fetal brain are ...

Introduction to Psychology (Final Project)

- Discuss any of your actions and/or thought processes since taking this course that demonstrate your understanding and tolerance of the behavior of other people, allowing greater acceptance of what is labeled different, deviant, abnormal, pathological, or crazy. - Identify and discuss the forces acting on you to limit or prevent your freedom of choice, both those rooted in your past (such as guilt, traumatic memories, obligations, bad contracts, unrewarding experiences, punishment, low self-esteem, or shyness), those rooted in the present (including social pressures to conform, comply, obey, and do what others reward you for; personal pressure to ...

Introduction

Down syndrome also referred to as trisomy 21 is a genetic abnormality that is associated with a chromosomal condition characterized by the availability of a third chromosome 21 copy either in part or fully . The disorder is usually manifested by slow cognitive capabilities, slight to moderate intellectual debility, hypotonia in infancy and weak muscle tenor. . Physical characteristics encompass distinctive facial characteristics such as a flat facial outline, eyes slanting upwards, macroglossia, epicanthic eyelids, flat nasal bridge, small limbs, petite body frame, palmer crease, microgenia and smaller heads compared to the body frame . The slow cognitive capabilities are usually manifested by a major delay ...

Introduction

Advances in medical technology mean that pregnant women can choose to have tests during pregnancy to predict whether the fetus has characteristics that suggest abnormalities. Although birth defects are rare, the most common of those that do occur are the chromosome disorders Trimosies 13, 18, and 21, commonly known as Patau Syndrome, Edward Syndrome and Down Syndrome respectively (SOFT – Support Organization for Trisomy 18, 13 and related disorders) (n.d.). Statistically, the occurrence of any of those syndromes is as follows: - Patau Syndrome (Trimosy 13): 1 in 10,000 live births; (SOFT – Support Organization for Trisomy 18, ...

Biological and cognitive abnormalities are some of the medical models of abnormality. These abnormalities are caused by different experiences and factor through which an individual may be exposed to, thus affecting the mental ability or the functionality of the body and the mind in general. Biological model entails the mental illness of an individual and the general diagnosing of the mind in relation to the physical illness. Biological abnormality therefore argues that since abnormal behavior is a mental disorder, it is therefore genetic and it has to be diagnosed just like a physical illness before it is being treated. The genes ...

Current reports indicate that, in every 9-10000 births worldwide, at least one or two births are CHARGE defects. Babies born with this syndrome are often faced with life threatening defects, which include complex heart issues, and difficulties in breathing, which makes them, spend many months in hospitals undergoing surgeries and treatments. CHARGE is an acronym for Coloboma, which refers to the eye, Atresia or Choanal, Retardation of growth and development, Genital anomaly and Ear anomaly. Vast majorities of CHARGE syndrome cases do not have any historical trace or any similar condition in the family (Deuce et al, 2012). This ...

Difficulties in defining abnormal behaviour

There many definitions which have been put forward to define abnormal behaviour but none of them is satisfactory. Generally, norm is the typical characteristics of a population and therefore every population has its own ways of defining norm. There are four ways that the psychological theorists define abnormal behaviour; statistically, culturally, psychological adequacy and in categorising symptoms. Definition of abnormal behaviour varies with different scholars, fields, communities and the challenge is finding a single common definition.

Statistical abnormality

This includes any act that is distinctively different from the norm. Given that there two extreme ends that is very high and very low, the ...

A behavior is termed as abnormal when it differs from what is normally accepted. However, there are several ways one can define abnormal behavior, some of the definitions are as follows: - Social deviance: Behavior, thoughts and emotions which are not common; disturbing and not acceptable by the society that defies the cultural norms is termed as abnormal. - Uncommonness: Strange or rare behavior whether it is negative or positive which does not fit into the society norms is termed as abnormal behavior. - Distress: Behavior or a negative feeling which a person finds distressing and is deeply ...

Description of Him

Him is a special child born with an unknown deformity. However, he is my best child because of the special characteristics he portrays. He has a strong personality that makes him approach life positively. He is determined, focused and obedient. He does all things as instructed and seems never to complain. Further, Him has an admirable ability to withstand pain and troubles. Despite the poor conditions is exposed to due to our financial limitations, he does seem to complain. He has a good attitude towards work and more specifically farm work. Unlike his counterparts, who despise farming and the rural conditions, Him ...

The understanding of abnormality is derivative. It depends on the definition of normality. Its definition has over the past evolved from associating it with spiritual events, to erroneous behaviors and finally abnormality currently understood as a disorder.

Biological model

This medical model makes the critical assumption that behavioral and psychological abnormalities have biological causes. Mental disorders result from biochemical imbalance. The state of the brain influences human behavior and experience. One of the biological factors that cause abnormality is genetics. The genes we inherit from the parents’ link as the blueprint for the brain and body. Thus, a minute abnormality in the ...

Description of Him

Him is a special child born with an unknown deformity. However, he is my best child because of the special characteristics he portrays. He has a strong personality that makes him approach life positively. He is determined, focused and obedient. He does all things as instructed and seems never to complain. Further, Him has an admirable ability to withstand pain and troubles. Despite the poor conditions is exposed to due to our financial limitations, he does seem to complain. He has a good attitude towards work and more specifically farm work. Unlike his counterparts, who despise farming and the rural conditions, Him ...

Accepting Female Nature

The history of human civilisation can teach a lot of lessons, which can be applicable in everyday life. Even ancient beliefs and orders can be useful for contemporary challenges, not to speak about times of not so long past, which teach us who we and where are we going. Often people tend to take for granted what they have and consider that life was the way it is at this specific moment of time. The best example proving that such statement is disillusion is the case of women's emancipation and position in society. Only a century ago, women were considered to ...

Life Span Development and Personality

Harriet Tubman was a remarkable woman that led the black slaves to freedom during the early and middle part of 1880s through the Underground Railroad. She was born Araminta Hariet Ross, census records cannot determine the correct month of her birth. However, reports indicate that her birth is between February to March of 1822. Tubman was born in an African-American slave family. She is a humanitarian, an abolitionist and a Union spy during the time of the Civil War. Tubman made 13 trips to the South in a mission to rescue more than 70 slaves using networks of anti-slavery groups including safe houses ...