System Article Reviews Samples For Students

Article: Sommerville, I. (2011). System documentation
One of the most important aspects of developing software systems includes documentation. This is a phase that is overlooked in the software development lifecycle. This is because of the fact that it is not part of the working system. The different stages of the software lifecycle development will depend on proper documentation for these stages to be understood. There is a need to ensure that the procedures and the processes of documenting the system are clearly understood in the design of the project. This will ensure that the software that has been developed will ...

Healthcare Class: Comparison and Analysis of Two Critical Articles

Introduction
This paper reviews the two critical articles written on American healthcare system. The author, David Goldhill, has narrated his personal experience of American healthcare system in his article “How American Health Care Killed My Father” (Goldhill 2). Whereas the other article “Bitter Pill: Why Medical Bills are Killing Us” written by Steven Brill is essentially a critique on the current US healthcare with much of its emphasis on current US President Obama’s healthcare policies recognized as ‘Obamacare’ (Brill 7).
The complexities of US health care system has raised countless debates and discussion in the American social ...

Business Modeling

Abstract
The objective of business modeling is to collaborate specific goals for businesses and organizations and forming them as part of a whole of a business strategy. Businesses and organizations, particularly large ones with multitudes of divisions and departments, follow integrated practices, although separately, but work toward achieving the same results. The dynamics of business modeling is set to create a renowned value for an organization’s structure, infrastructure and policies. In theory and practice core values are what form an organization’s rationale such as social, economic, or cultural. Seemingly internal stakeholders are often oblivious to applications as long as ...

Introduction

Apprentices and trainees currently represent 25 per cent of the 1.7 million students enrolled in the Vocational Education and Training (VET) system and 3.8 percent of the entire workers (NCVER, 2010). More than 13 per cent of the entire Australian workforce comprises of 1.2 million workers in the technical and trade sector (Expert Panel, 2011: 8). Therefore, the quality and effectiveness of the Australian Apprenticeships systems will impact on the productivity of the wider Australian economy. For decades, Australians have completed apprenticeships and traineeships that have provided pathways into satisfying and rewarding careers in trade or vocation, or into ...

USA Health Care System

Over the years, the health care system of many nations has evolved. The changes, some good and some bad, can be attributed to the cultural view of health care, situational factors, employee insurance coverage of health care and other economic factors. The most important factor that has changed, especially in the ever-growing US health care market, has been the spiraling costs of such care. Employers have been under greater burden of providing for the ever-rising costs of medical care and are trying to reduce such burden through covering less, covering fewer persons, passing the increases onto employees, or simply ...

Accounting control system ensures accuracy and reliability of information required by management for decision making. Accuracy and reliability of information is a prerequisite for management especially when an organization start becoming complex. Reliability and accuracy of information depends on how well the information reflects the economic events which t is based on (ACC, 2014). The financial statements should reflect the fair view of the status of the organization. This means that they have to be accurate. This accuracy can be verified through audit function, accounting information system and the internal controls. A Board of Education is part the management in ...

Article review

Over the last four decades, there have been major trends in the criminal law sectors. Criminology has revolutionized from the basic notions proposed by Aristotle to the contemporary laws and regulations proposed by the modern authorities in the field of law and criminology. More so, there have been major changes in correction centers, authorization of sentencing, and other sectors involving the criminal handling. Additionally, article review includes relating a piece of writing in criminology to the modern world and trends that are taking place in the modern world perception of the justice system. Still criminals have become more advanced in ...

The key players in the case include Leon Lassiter, Ed Wilson, Ted Vassici, and Simon Kovecki. Leon Lassiter was the VP Marketing and Membership. Lassiter’s roles included marketing and sales management. Later, other roles of communication, graphic arts, and printing operations were also assigned to him. Ed Wilson title was VP Public Affairs, and he was in charge of environment and energy issues of the company, coordination of legislative teams, office systems management, and reception. Ted Vassici was a hardware and software consultant; his duty was to review MSCC’s system, propose additional changes and update the custom ...

Charles E. Lindblom, The Science Of “Muddling Through, 1959

THESIS: In the view of Charles E. Lindblom, limited policy analysis is used by the executive bureaucracy of U.S. The department uses rational approach to formulate the public policy. He also emphasize that the decision making process takes a long time to draw the conclusion. The decision making process includes three steps i.e. is addressing the policy issue, identifying and analyzing the alternatives, and implementation of the selected alternative. In the view of Charles E. Lindblom the enhancements and adjustments is the solution for speeding up the decision-making process for public administration policy.
A decision is considered as ‘correct’, ‘ ...

Sarbanes-Oxley Act is an act by the United States congress in 2002 aim at protecting investors through corporate disclosures accuracy and reliability. It mandated strict reforms aimed at improving financial disclosures and possibly prevent accounting fraud. The scandals of early 2000s such as Tycoon, WorldCom and Enron predicated the enacted of SOX. These scandals shook investor confidence, and an overhaul of regulatory standards was required. The SOX Act outlined rules as well as enforcement policies, which amended or supplemented existing legislation. There are two key provisions of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act which are section 302 and section 404. Section ...

1. Introduction: The current environment especially in Western societies promotes increasing consumption of calories along with a relatively sedentary lifestyle thus fueling the global obesity epidemic. Body weight is regulated by complex interaction of genes that promote energy storage along with environmental factors that promote enhanced energy intake and reduced energy expenditure. This obesity promoting environment makes it difficult for many people to sustain weight loss for long periods of time and adequately maintain healthy lifestyle habits. Obesity can overall have many devastating effects on human health such as increased tendency to develop high blood pressure, cardiovascular problems and strokes.
...

‘Name’

‘Instructor’s Name’
‘Subject’
Joseph S. Szyliowicz, in his article ‘Turkey’s Surface Transportation Policy and Sustainable Development’, talks about the lack of planning in the current transport system of Turkey. In Turkey, between 1970 and 1990, huge investments were devoted to highways thus ignoring the development of railways and sea transport. According to Szyliowicz, not just Turkey, but many countries around the world, does not have an integrated system of transport that promotes sustained development. An efficient system of transport is one, which utilizes each mode of transport according to its merits, gives the people choices ...

The implementation of a new system to replace an old system is not always the answer to an organization’s inefficient business operations. However, there have been several instances where migration from old legacy systems to ERP systems proved to be beneficial to companies. Summer Electric Light can be considered as one of the future beneficiaries of an ERP system if the development is studied and implemented properly.
In terms of operational efficiency, the new ERP system can improve this a lot. In the old legacy system, two systems have to be used and the data from these two different ...

The Past Health Care Initiative

In order to solve the problems regarding the increasing cost on health care, different organizations in the United States developed a new integrated system wherein the components such as the system’s organization, the financing division, and healthcare processes are all assimilated into one governing system. The organizations believed that this new system, which is coined ‘managed care,’ will provide an adequate healthcare to all patients while preserving the resources (Shortell, Gillies, & Anderson, 1994).

Similarity and Difference

However, the article was written prior to the establishment of the Clinton health care initiatives, thus, there were changes that happened when the new initiative ...

I. Summary
The New Urbanization system is an important tactical decision in developing socialism in Chinese characteristics. This has an insightful implication for the extensive plans towards the development of a prosperous society, as it helps support the acceleration of socialist modernization, as well as other causes. Accordingly, the growth among new urbanization systems demands the provision for any relevant and required mechanism in the system. Based on the released documents from the State Council, the promotion of new development schemes in urbanization system is a vital element if only to achieve new urbanization in 2015.
According to the ...

Introduction

The City government of Denver Colorado is one of the County governments which have the interest of providing quality services to its subjects. Having a population of over half a million people, the county government of Denver in an effort to improve the quality of its services to its people, migrated to a system management system that is administered by the ALFRESCO Company. The government is responsible for 140 schools, the Denver Airport, libraries, fire stations and many other public amenities. The quality of management and service delivery was poor until mayor John Hickenlooper spearheaded for changes in the IT system within ...

Exam 1 Extra Essay

A summary of the evolution of economic:
The evolution of capitalism and socialism is based on the analysis of the largest economies in the globe. China is a model of countries that do not support capitalism for specific reasons. In the 19th century, there were capitalist developed countries as well as the non-capitalist underdeveloped countries. Following the Great Depression experience in Europe in 1920s and 1930s, the world got classified into the socialist developed countries, the capitalist developed world, and the underdeveloped world (Boettke, Coyne and Leeson, 2005).

Capitalism and Socialism throughout the 20th century:

In the early 20th century, massive criticism of capitalism over socialism ...

In California, Justice for Juveniles

The California Youth Authority (CYA) was a state prison system for youth offenders; it was founded in 1941 to keep juvenile delinquents out of adult prison and provide them with a support system for rehabilitation. It was the belief of lawmakers and social workers at thetime that a better-educated and trained youth would have a greater chance of becoming integrated back into society.
Unfortunately, 50 years later, the system appeared to have broken down, and so damaging to the youth it was supposed to be rehabilitating that the California Youth Authority was eliminated and many of its facilities were forced to shut ...

Integration of ABM and ABC in Dow Chemicals Limited

The Dow chemical, an international chemical company, applied activity based costing in order to enable the global business to report the contribution margins according to the geographical area, specific products and customers. The management believed that the system would assist in better decision making in the use and the deployment of its resources. In the traditional accounting system, the costs were assigned to areas such as sales and purchases. However the method was inappropriate as it resulted to fluctuating cash flows since the main focus of costs was on prime costs. It did not provide the manager with accurate ...

The urinary tract is also called the urinary system, consisting of the kidney, ureters, bladder and urethra (Amerman, 2016). The urinary system main function is to preserve homeostasis through water and electrolytes conservation and also excrete toxins from the body (Amerman, 2016). The kidneys filter blood and balance fluids in the body; the ureters are channels through which urine travels to the bladder. Urine is stored in the bladder before it is passed out of the body through the urethra (Amerman, 2016). The urinary system can be attacked by infections causing blockage, damage, and injuries to the tissues impeding ...

Changing Caste System In India

The article discusses about the Indian caste system where the "Varna" or caste had great impact on the society. The behavior of the upper caste towards the "untouchables" was mean in villages restricting them from entering the premises of the upper caste, visit temples, eat the same food or play with them. They were considered as dirt of the society. But the society underwent a massive change just after independence. The intelligent and bright children in the minority community got benefits from "untouchable quota" which our government has implemented to reduce inequality It was first started by Dr. B. ...

TEP Delivery and Distribution

TEP is facing delivery reliability is declining, along with its falling productivity and increase in the number of finished goods in warehouses. Overall, the TEP delivery mechanism is being challenged with several distributors complaining about several deliveries of one order, ranging for several weeks. Clearly, TEP needs to re-evaluate their re-order levels and ensure they can match distributor needs. Distributors suffer due to the current levels of delivery failures as they need to fulfill their orders on time. Due to the current delivery system utilized by TEP, distributors are faced with an increase in handling and administrative expenses and ...

According to Karen (2013), Police Officers normally train often with guns but less so for the circumstances they get themselves in most of the times. OC spray, teasers and batons are usually on the duty belt of the officer but these may not all the time be viable choices. Other times some good old fashioned hand-to-hand combative is inevitable. Hence, when that time approaches, it is vital to one to have acquired the skills that will finish any violence as fast as possible
There are several excellent hand-to-hand combative systems carried out, for example, Wing Chun Kung Fu ( ...

Graphical Information Systems or GIS has been a used as a major tool in successfully managing the protection programs and restoration of the environment. This has been proven because of the interdependency of the ecosystem we live in and the impact of what humans do to the environment. Government and private organizations and citizens who are putting efforts to protect and restore the environment we lived in are currently faced with numerous complex challenges because of this interdependency. A technology like the GIS is a welcome intervention.
What is really GIS and how can it help in managing the environment? How ...

Innovation management

The term innovation has attained the status of a “mantra” in many developed nations. The aspects of innovation and creativity are commonly interlinked, yet confused with each other. Creativity is the ability to rethink an issue in a completely new way, backed by the profusion of relevant and diverse knowledge. Creativity calls for the ability to analyze the situation at hand with rationale. Innovation, on the contrary, can be termed as transformation of knowledge into material benefit. Innovation, therefore, creates new growth strategies, new products range, services or business models that can make the difference, thereby generating significant worth for all ...

Morton Grodzins, The American System as a Single Mechanism, 1966

THESIS
In the view of author, the US government is involved in complexity due to the involvement of all three layers of government in all the functions. The three layers are working or functioning with unclear or undistinguished roles. The division of authorities and responsibilities among all the tree levels is the main issue in the US system. In the author’s opinion, governments have to appropriately divide the authorities and responsibilities among all the three layers to avoid overlapping of functions.
The great number of governments does cover complication of activities. Distribution is not appropriately administrated ...

Article Review

Ainsworth, J.E. (1996) The Court’s Effectiveness in Protecting the Rights of Juveniles in Delinquency Cases. The Future of Children, Winter 1996; 6(3): 64-74.

Introduction

In this article, the author explores the possible disadvantages to juveniles of waivers into the adult criminal court system, no constitutional right to a jury trial in juvenile court and diversion programs. In introducing the article, Ainsworth (1996) observes that the juvenile court system was based on the premise of two basic perceptions of young people who were in violation of the law: first, young people were both morally and cognitively underdeveloped and thus ...

The article ‘Examining the push for three year bachelor’s degree’ tries to examine whether the implementation of three year degree courses can be effective and favorable to the people. The article evaluates the benefits and the problems that can result to the various stakeholders in the education sector if the decision is implemented.
In the first place, implementing the program will not work immediately since adjusting the current system will be difficult. According to the article, the change needs additional resources in form of more instructors. In addition, some courses will require more than three years to ...

Managed Competition

The article is about health reform in the United States. According to the author, one of the failures of the government of barrack Obama is the failure to reform the health care regardless of the fact that he had promised to make changes in the system. There are many people who die in the United States who should not have died. It is argued that most of the people who die are those who have no health insurance cover. The candidate had promised to come up with a method that would ensure that the entire citizen is covered. According to ...

Alexis de Tocqueville had seen the various attempts his country of France had failed in putting in place a democratic government. He thus became curious and wanted to study the existent prosperous, democratic governments of the time and know their operations. The results of his studies made him conclude that although the move towards democracy had gained much ground in America, it was a global trend that would slowly become a permanent phenomenon that could not be interfered with. This is what Craiutu and Jennings concluded as being the motivation for his tour to America.
Gustave de Beaumont and Alexis de ...

The Corporations Act of 2001 (Cth) is at times referred to simply as the Corporations Act. This is generally the actual act of the Commonwealth of Australia that overly sets out the laws and regulations that deal with various business entities within the borderlines of Australia. The scope and geographical jurisdiction with reference to the Corporations Act is applicable at both federal and interstate levels. The main focus of the Corporations Act, just as its respective name suggests is on companies. However, this aspect is not so entirely as various partnerships and also managed investment structures are within the ...

Technology: IT in the medical field / Outsourcing in IT

Cedars-Sinai Doctors Cling to Pen and Paper

Computers are becoming an integral element in our daily lives, and the medical field is not an exception. This is because of their ability to store enormous amounts of data and fast information processing capabilities and intelligence (Bansal, 2004). Computers play an integral role in medical operations ranging from aiding complex medical operations to simple procedures such as file and record keeping. Ceci Connolly notes a typical case in Los Angeles whereby Cedar-Sinai doctors are clinging to the traditional pen and paper to undertake their daily operations at the hospital. The effectiveness of ...

The article by Bill Carey looks into matters arising from the lack of proper laws and restrictions by the FAA to curb incidences caused by the illegal flying of drones near airports (Carey 4). Carey acknowledges the increase of drone hobbyists and their desire to capture different scenarios. Moreover, the cost of acquiring a drone is slightly cheaper than they were a few years back. Therefore, the common citizens can afford to enjoy flying these drones in designated places. According to a report published by FAA in May 2016 stated that there were 443,000 registered drones weighing between ...

Article Critique

2010 State Bar of Texas, Litigation Section. The Advocate Winter 2010
The article relates to the First Amendment of the Constitution in regards to religion and liberty. The main purpose of this defense debate is to explain how you cannot have liberty without justice. Justice cannot be complete without the liberty of society. These two go together to form a just legal system. If you eliminate one factor, then the other factor will not hold up or succeed.
An ideal judiciary in the U.S. would consist of the judges who are elected stay in their positions because they reflect ...

Who really owns the American prison system? The American people own the system. However, the control in the hands of a few corporates that offers correctional services. America, compared to other developed countries has one of the largest prison populations. As such, what really has led to America imprisoning such a large number of its citizens? In essence, a prisoner’s productivity is minimal while his maintenance in the prison system is extremely costly to the taxpayer. Therefore, the large number of prisoners should worry the financiers of this system. The prison population began to rise when President Nixon ...

Article Review:

What Will Happen in the World’s Largest Nation?
Article Review: Bank Ownership and Efficiency in China:
What Will Happen in the World’s Largest Nation?
This article (a draft, notably) was written in 2005, and starts off with the report that China was “partially privatizing” three of its four largest banks and opening them to foreign ownership. The article presents data claiming to demonstrate that allowing foreign ownership would increase “efficiency” levels in the banking sector generally. The article also includes a brief yet interesting history of the Chinese banking system.
Ten years later, the article can be ...

Summary Critique

Education in colleges has become quite expensive in recent years. The federal government has provided loans to students to finance their college education. While the intention was to reduce the burden on the students and their families to enable them achieve their dreams but by no means least, at last, the whole system has turned out to increase the burden on the students and their families. This has left the students in a situation whereby they have been forced to recall their education or seek other methods by which they can fund their education. The reasons behind these predicaments have ...

1. Do you think Randy has sufficiently categorized his salespeople for motivational purposes? Why or why not? Is it practicable to provide non-financial incentives to motivate salespeople in each of the four career stage groups?

Categorization of salespeople always involves a trade-off between over-generalization and the practical applicability of these categories for HR strategy development. It is always possible to find additional sub-categories that reflect more precisely the peculiarities of the sales force of a firm or that capture individual needs of the employees. Thus, introducing a separate category for working mothers could help to address the needs of this group in a better way. However, extensive categorization would increase complexity of HR policies and would make it hard to develop and execute an HR strategy in an effective and cost-efficient way. Therefore, the decision of Randy Stuart ...

Bitcoin is purely peer-peer electronic cash that makes it possible for online money payments to be remitted directly from one party to the other without having to go through financial institutions. With bitcoin, digital signatures are considered part of the solution but the problem arises when the trusted third party is needed to curtail any form of double spending. The solution to this double spending lies in bitcoin; this is because it timestamps transactions by hashing them into a hash-based work proof. This makes it form a network that will not be altered unless the proof-of work is redone. Bitcoin has ...

Iron Deficiency Anemia and Its Effect On The Central Nervous System

Abstract
Micro and macro nutrients are crucially important in the body. Iron functions as a very important micronutrient in the body. It helps in the central nervous system as a cofactor in the process of energy metabolism, synthesis in the transmission of the neurons. It also helps in the myelination process- a process that develops the myelin important for skin protection. Iron is also very important in tissue functions such as oxygen transportation and energy synthesis. Iron deficiency is the state of inefficient iron quantities in the body. Iron deficiency anemia is the severe deficieny state. It results in ...

Medication errors have been a long problem that has affected the health industry. There are several serious issues that have developed from medication errors in the health industry. The most critical problem is the loss of human lives (Institute of Medicine, 1999). Secondly, the cost in terms of billions of dollars for additional care has been incurred in terms of losses to hospitals due to the medication errors. Thirdly, the patients and healthcare professionals have lost trust in the healthcare system. In this case, patients have been affected physically and psychologically (Institute of Medicine, 1999). In the case of ...

In our society, crime is viewed as an act for which the criminal is solely responsible. In our modern justice system, the punishment meted out for criminal acts may correspond to the crime, but there are a number of significant, overlapping societal factors that cause the criminal behavior that results in punishment. The main cause of crime is the environmental background that had a powerful influence on the transition of law-abiding children to young adult offenders. Certainly, growing up in an environment of impoverished circumstances contributes to the high rate of criminal offenses in America. Race is another highly-significant factor that ...

The economic crisis that hit the global economy in 2008 is often compared to the Great Depression. The crisis has caused hundreds of thousands of small tragedies, depriving people of homes and livelihoods. Knowing about the events that occurred in the last century, one could not help drawing an analogy with the current global financial crisis. All began in the United States, again everything started with the financial sector and then spread to the real economy, the stock market collapsed, consumer demand plummeted, unemployment increased drastically, money devalued. Although the past events are reminiscent of the current situation, are ...

- The reason for creating biometric identification system is the need for comprehensive security systems. The benefits of using biometric data are concerned with raising security level and making authentication and identification processes easy, convenient and fast (Data protection working party 2). The developments in biometric technologies have made many operations more accessible and convenient both for those, identifying other people and the people that are being identified. At the same time the usage of biometric data is associated with a wide range of concerns related to personal and information privacy, such as unauthorized data collection, unauthorized use, using biometric ...

Judicial independence has been argued to be an abstract that can never be achieved. Legal jurists claim that the judiciary can never be independent of control of the executive, or the legislature provided that the justices are appointed by the politicians. The view is held across the judicial and political spectrum. As a consequence, twenty-one states in the United States of America have opted to elected justices of the Supreme Court. The election of the justices of the Supreme Court is can be contracted to the appointive system where the judges were appointed by the governor in the individual states. ...

Article Review

Wood, J. and Guth, A. (2014). East Africa's Great Rift Valley: A Complex Rift System.
Geology.com. Accessed From http://geology.com/articles/east-africa-rift.shtml
This main theme of the article relates to the geology and specifically the formation of the east Africa’s rift system. The authors’ information relates to the nature of the rift system within the East African regions of Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The article considers the rift as one of the greatest geological phenomena. They demonstrate the way the rift system formed, what the rift system entails, and relate points of geological interests.

The article provides a number ...

Article ReviewEuropean Rail Crashes Show Gaps in an Increasingly Precarious System

Introduction
This paper sets out to review and analyze an article that deals with a current transportation policy issue. The subject article is was published in the New York Times on 9 September 2013 and was entitled: “European Rail Crashes Show Gaps in an Increasingly Precarious System”, by Doreen Carvajal.

Article Summary:

The article opens by asking why management of the Spanish rail system trusted the driver of the high speed train that crashed on July 24th killing 79 people to be driving that train, when he had previously boasted of speeding and just prior to the crash was using his ...

An Analysis

The theses and argument of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s ‘Three Ways of Meeting Oppression’ is straightforward and very clear. He analyses three ways of attacking oppression and trying to change the system that allows oppression – the racial segregation and inequality that existed in the American South before the success of the civil rights movement of the late 1950a and 60s. King’s analysis rejects the way of acquiescence – playing along with an oppressive system because it is easier to have a quiet life and not challenge the status quo; he goes on to reject the second way – that so ...

Animal cognition is the mental capacity of animals as well as the study of animals’ mental capacity. The study of mental capacities of animals has stemmed from comparative psychology, which includes studying the conditioning of animals and their learning. Working memory is a major executive function that makes up the cognitive system and deals with information by providing transient holding, processing as well as manipulation. The study of working memory in animals has mainly focused on spatial memory with most of the studies trying to provide a clarification for spatial memory psychological basis together with the hippocampus role.
Balda & ...

A Reserved Nation

The issue of caste-based reservation in India is perhaps one of the most important socio-economic and socio-political issues in India. The system of reservations originated when India was nothing but a British Colony, and the important posts in the government like magistrates and judges were only occupied by British citizens. This created a sense of deprivation among Indians owing to the fact that Indian citizens were not getting enough importance or representation in the British Government. This lead to a lot of agitation, which in turn lead to the creation of caste based reservation systems in which it was ...

Over the years, the transport sector has undergone revolutionary development and advancements compared to none other. Among the main factors that were, and have been considered thereby contributing to the development of the transport sector, is the environment. It is notable and unarguably evident that the previous forms and means of transport were great contributors to environmental degradation. This prompted environmentalists and transport experts to seek for better means of transport that do not harm the environment, and if they do, then at a lower level than earlier. In the present day, almost all over the world, environmental suffering in ...

Among the many problems and challenges that human beings face in the twenty-first century is the disorders related to the central nervous system. Some of these disorders include traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cerebral infarct. As such, doctors have identified the necessary mechanisms to address these issues that put human life to danger. One of the mechanisms that have been employed is that of identifying the prospective donor cells. Some of these donor cells may include neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells and the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). This is very important in that the life of a human ...

ARTICLE REVIEW: CONCEPTS OF PREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH AND INFANCY IN CH’ING DYNASTY CHINA BY CHARLOTTE FURTH

Introductory Paragraph
History has seen the prevalence of patriarchal concepts throughout almost every major civilization. In fact, the subordination of women as inferior to men has since manifested through a variety of social constructs that has extended beyond customary practices towards acceptance as universal facts. This review on an article authored by Charlotte Furth, entitled Concepts of Pregnancy, Childbirth and Infancy in Ch’ing Dynasty China, seeks to tackle a social construct that has framed women as inferior to men treated as a universal fact within a social setting – the reproductive system of women as seen in pregnancy, childbirth and infancy.

Article Thesis

Furth ...

Martin Landau, Redundancy, Rationality, and the Problem of Duplication and Overlap, 1969

THESIS: The main focus of the article is redundancy. Today the reformers are striving to achieve the goal of creating a smooth, efficient government with the exclusion of duplicative expenditures. The definition of redundancy is used by different authors with different perception. Landau explored the definition to get the right meaning by using it in government or political system context. The term redundancy generally has a negative implication. Landau gives his perception and considers redundancy a necessity when it will be used in the context government agencies and political system. Landau justified his perception by supporting its argument with some examples that ...

SUMMARIZING THE ISSUE

The change in performance management approach could be clearly seen in different companies; one such company Zappos has been highlighted by Pyrillis (2011) in his article “Is Your Performance Review Underperforming?”. At Zappos, the managers have been directed to provide frequent feedback to the employees regarding their work. Such an approach would help the employee to understand regarding the quality of work required (Pyrillis, 2011).
Most of the companies often rely on technology to automate and streamline HR function such as performance management along with other core HR functions. This automation allows the managers to enhance their efficiency ...

In this chapter, the prevailing argument is led by Marx, that the need for money of individuals in society caused by the modern economic system. In a capitalist society, Marx argues that the human needs through a system of private property, when capitalism develops advanced human needs that are defined on the basic requirements of food, shelter and clothing. Capitalism has also the aspect of the creation of more and different social classes that persist further redefining the needs of individuals in each class. Marx argued that since capitalism is mainly in the accumulation of wealth by individuals, is accumulated to ...

Surveillance can be an effective tool for social control, no matter what the environment. The reason for that is we all behave differently when we believe we are or are not being watched. For example, we might feel free to play “air guitar,” wildly rocking to the beat of a song on the radio when we are alone, but if we know someone is looking at us, we feel self-conscious, and all we might do is hum the tune or do nothing at all.
This behavior holds true, too, with regard to crime. On the simplest level, a burglar won’ ...

Tesla Motors is one of the most promising companies in automotive industry regardless of its business struggles in the past. In fact, despite the costly prices of its unique cars, the company has gained strong based of consumers and followers of the brand. With this impressive performance in the market, a study concerning its business strategy through SWOT analysis and Value Chain analysis is worth setting. It is interesting to note the fact that the company has reportedly reconfigured its system and has taken full charge and ownership of its value chain concerning strategy. This is with a determined ...

Introduction

Incidences of horrific violence such as the 2012 shootout in Chardon, Ohio, has put immense pressure on the local agencies as well as states to provide the students with learning environments that are conducive and safe. The fatal day ended with three students dead (Losinski, Katsiyannis, Ryan & Baughan, 2014). The education system has been accused of being marred by inequalities in terms of socioeconomic conditions, race, and ethnic affiliations. These factors have been listed as some of the reasons that have led to incidences such as the above mentioned (Teske, 2011). Gage, Sugai, Lunde and DeLoreto (2013) suggest that ...

Christie begins her illustration of the shift of conflict from the issues affecting two parties that need a resolution, to being the property of a few. Further, the author views the daily business addressing criminal justice as being dull, ordinary, and even tedious. The courts lack any significant audience, indicating that the court system is not an integral part of the citizen’s life. Factors contributing to the alienation of the courtroom from the people relates to several factors including the situation of these courtrooms within administrative centers, away from the residential areas of common citizens. Further, the courtrooms ...