Diabetes Case Studies Samples For Students

[Institution Title]

Patient Initials: Not Applicable Age: 52 yrs. old Sex: Male
Subjective Data:
HPI (History of Present Illness): The patient revealed during the interview that he had been suffering from severe and excruciating chest pain that gradually radiates to his neck. He had been experiencing the symptoms for four days prior to medical consultation. Patient feared that despite the stent placement, he was still experiencing angina symptoms. Patient revealed that the symptoms had appeared six months ago.
PMH (Past Medical History—include current medications, any known allergies, any history of surgery or hospitalizations): ...

Questions One

A team that focuses in diabetes management are essential in any hospital where diabetic patients receive treatment. The team is made up of professionals and persons with varying duties. However, their outstanding duties include; formulating blood sugar control protocols used in daily diabetes care, serving as diabetes resource persons, educators for newly diagnosed patients and those who require immediate attention. By ensuring proper care, patient’s infection rate and length of hospital stay go down significantly (Browning, 2010).
Inclusion Staff Nurse’s in the team helps with consulting patients’ case and in turn taking charge of the patient’ ...

Cause of Ms. S’s Diabetic Ketosis Acidosis (DKA)

Ms. S’s Diabetic Ketosis Acidosis (DKA state is one of the most extremes of diabetic decompensation since it is associated with high mortality rate. The incidence of Ms. S’s DKA, usually, occurs at 4.6-8.0 per 1000 persons-year among the patients with diabetes. The pathogenesis of the condition occurs as a result of the abnormalities associated from the combination of relative or absolute insulin deficiency (Health & Medicine Week, 2014). When the level of insulin is deficient, the increased levels of glucagon cortisol and catecholamins will automatically stimulate hepatic glucose production through enhanced gloconeogenesis and increased glycogenolysis. The combined level ...

Nutrition is an indispensable component of care. It is from food intake that the body obtains the micro and macro nutrients needed to maintain and improve health. Diet is also an area of regulation for the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Care plans focused on nutrition necessarily must be individualized to take into account unique needs arising from specific medical conditions, the client’s developmental stage, and cultural preferences. Developing a care plan entails evaluating for nutritional risk, defining the goals of nutrition therapy, identifying interventions and expected outcomes, implementing the interventions, providing education, and promoting safety.

Evaluation of Nutritional Risk

The ...

Meal Planning for Type II Diabetes Mellitus

As the Diabetes Education Centre dietitian, you must provide SG with dietary guidance.
- Based on the information presented develop a nutrition diagnosis for SG. Write this as a PES statement.
- Patient’s uncontrolled glucose and hyperglycemia is related to type 2 diabetes as evidenced by high fat and carbohydrates intake and abnormal laboratory results of Hb-A1C.
- At the risk of cardiovascular and hypertension related to excessive consumption of saturated fat and trans-fatty acid food and pre-packaged products as evidenced by high lipid profile including high total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride level in laboratory results and ...

- Ingestion of fava beans increases the formation of free radicals in red blood cells which in turn causes disruption on the normal functioning or reduction of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase enzyme. Consequently, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reduces and therefore the red blood cells are incapable of defending themselves from the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species. This makes the damaged cells to breakdown and rupture prematurely hence hemolysis.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway

The G6PD gene is located from base pair 153,759,605 to base pair 153,775,795 on the X chromosome.
- Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cell cytoplasm. Fatty acid synthesis ...

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders that is clarified by hyperglycemia. There are many forms of this disease and the reason for hyperglycemia may be either reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization by the tissues, and increased glucose production. Diabetes causes many secondary physiological changes in the body leading to diverse affects on different organ systems; as well as being a burden to the patient and the healthcare system as a whole. Diabetes Mellitus is the leading cause of end stage renal disease as well as the leading cause of non-traumatic limb amputation and adult blindness. In the future it ...

Her problem of Hypertension was diagnosed almost 6 years ago when her blood pressure remained consistently on the higher side on 4 consecutive visits to the clinic. It was consistently high in the range of 160/90 mmHg.
Almost a year ago, she was also detected with microalbuminuria during her annual screening of urine. At that time, 1,943 mg/dl of microalbumin was detected in her urine sample.

Subjective

She has come to the clinic today for her regular checkup and follows up visit for the diabetes and hypertension. She is a house wife. And has three children.

Objective

She got an initial ...

Description of the health issue

In an international consensus meeting, it was agreed that diabetic neuropathy is the presence of signs and symptoms of peripheral nerve dysfunction among people diagnosed with diabetes after all other causes have been excluded. Over one thousand people in Australia died due to lower limb ulceration in 2005 (Perrin et al, 2012). This is equivalent to 8% of the total deaths due to diabetes. Every year, over 10,000 people are admitted in Australian hospitals with foot ulcers related to diabetes. Cross-sectional studies have shown that 10% of the people diagnosed with diabetes exhibit signs of peripheral neuropathy in ...

Abstract

The rate of diabetes ketoacidosis complication is on the rise in line with the rate of population increase as well as urbanization all around the globe. Learning how to handle this complication and maintaining the blood glucose within the suitable levels is becoming a big challenge for those with diabetes, outlining the need of educating the patients as a modality for self-empowerment, treatment which is necessary for betterment of the quality of the lives of the patients. This paper seeks to analyze a patient’s condition and describe various factors that led to associated symptoms and the effects of those symptoms. The ...

Across the globe millions of people suffer from diabetes; this population of people requires insulin which they have to access on a frequent basis. Regardless of their access to the medication, they require a proper way in which the medication is provided to them. In adults diabetes is less sensitive as compared to children. Adults have the ability to administer drugs and keep up with the medication timetable with great ease (Mertig, 2012). However, researches have shown that adults also have shortcomings when it comes to administer of diabetes medication. For diabetes patients, they must access an injection of insulin in ...

This case study will focus on Tuscarora Native Americans living in WNY Niagara County. This population consists of a community that lives in a geographically isolated reservation, several miles from the nearest town. The main economic activity of this community is farming and majority of the community members are poor. A significant proportion of the community members are obese. Persons suffering from type 2 diabetes in the community are mainly in the 18-45 years age bracket. Majority of those who have had the condition for long periods have already started developing diabetes associated complications such as peripheral neuropathy, leg ulcers, poor ...

John, a 50-year old man, visits a convenient care clinic complaining of fatigue, increased hunger, increased thirst, and frequent urination over the last two months. He also reports increased episodes of itching. Clinical examination reveals the presence of dark patches on his skin in the neck and armpit areas. Physical examination reveals a weight loss of 5kg over the last one month. Laboratory test show the following results: A1C= 7.1%, FPG= 127mg/dL and OGTT= 202mg/dL. John is single and currently stays alone. He has one sister whom he last met two years ago. He is also not employed currently.
...

Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Pathophysdiology

The following paper is interested in the effects of hyperglycemia on geriatric diabetics patients with chronic kidney disease, In doing so, it reflects three distinct disease entities. They are hyperglycemia, which serves as the dominant variable; geriatric diabetes and chronic kidney failure. Consequently, the pathophysiology of these three entities will be addressed separately.

Hyperglycemia

When hyperglycemia occurs, it represents a medical emergency. However, the extent to which blood sugar is elevated can be directly related to underlying disease conditions. These may include kidney failure, infections and systemic disease. While disease processes may be obvious, this ...

Presentation: 52 year old male presents with complaint of wet cough and intermittent fevers for one week. Symptoms have progressively worsened with onset of back pain over the last two days.
Previous Medical History: No health insurance and has not seen provider for five years. History of Hypertension, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus-2 controlled with diet.

Allergies: Penicillin and Erthyromycin
History of Present Illness: Onset/duration: one week. Pattern: cough worse at night. Associated Symptoms: fever and back pain worsens with coughing. Relieving factors: sitting up and drinking fluids. Aggravating factors: smoking and lying down. Effect ...

Test

Question 1

Body weight
Family history
Inactivity
Race
The AIC test should be done using a method that is certified by National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program.
Question 2
The standard diagnostic criteria for T2DM are the following:
AIC≥6.5
FPG≥126mg/dL (7.0mmol/L)
Two hour PG≥200mg/dL(11.1mmol/L)
Presence of classic symptoms of hyperglycemia of hyperglycemic crisis (a random plasma glucose ≥200mg/dL or 11.1 mmol/L)
Adane’s medical record contains AIC=6.9 and random plasma glucose: 171mg/dL.

Question 3

The mechanism of insulin resistance includes the defects of primary target cells, genetic defects of primary target cells, accelerated insulin degradation, autoantibodies to insulin, a ...

1) What blood test would you order and why? (1 point)
- Quantitative hCG blood test: measures serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels (US FDA, 2013)
- Above normal hCG values: determines if patient is having a normal pregnancy and the number of fetuses as well as gestational age, or if amenorrhea is due to hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, or ovarian cancer (Ratcliffe et al., 2008; US FDA, 2013)
- Below normal hCG values: indicates ectopic pregnancy, fetal death, incomplete abortion, or threatened spontaneous abortion (US FDA, 2013)
2). What is her estimated date of confinement (EDC) ...

This paper addresses a pharmacological management plan for Mr. NX, including consideration of possible contraindications for CAMs, prescriptive and non-prescriptive recommendations for management of acute pain and other ongoing disease processes, followed by evaluation strategies.

Pharmacological Management Plan

CAMs Contraindicated with Current Prescriptions
The order of Mr. NX include drugs such Glyburide 3 mg daily with breakfast, Lisinopril 20 mg daily and Coumadin 5 mg daily. Glyburide is an oral anti-diabetic drug (mainly for diabetes type 2). Glyburide causes lactic acidosis and. Therefore, anything that may increase the risk of this side effect is contraindicated like in this case the use of ...

Abstract

This paper answers four questions. In addition, through a case study, the paper illustrates considerations made in order to prioritize care given to hospitalized patients. A case study is given of six patients with various complications and care needs. The paper points out that those with airway problems are usually considered first for care delivery before other patients with other conditions. This is because airway problems pose more acute danger than other conditions. In this case, the paper gives a case study of patients with various complications and how the complications are managed. In addition, the paper, through another case study, ...

Abstract

In this paper, I will describe the case of Mr. Henry Spirk. He is a a 72-year-old man who has recently broken his hip and does not have the ability to take care of himself. In addition, he was diagnosed diabetes, hypertension, and partial hearing loss. However, Mr. Spirk refuses to believe in his current condition and claims that he is able to take care of himself. I will describe the discharge planning and identify which obstacles prevent us from discharging Mr. Spirk without additional home care. I will identify which health conditions need to be addressed and discussed with the ...

The patient presented in this case suffers from metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of health problems that is associated with the presence of obesity and tissues resistance to insulin. The metabolic syndrome is a condition that causes a myriad of problems in the body such that the body becomes incapable of maintaining the circulation of the useful energy molecules such as glucose and lipids in the right quantities in the bloodstream (Huang, 2009). Other associated disorders of metabolic syndrome include high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The lipid problem is characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides and ...

Strategic challenge #1

How will the EVP Foulkes choose which ailment to target initially in the Pharmacy Advisor Program? (John, Quelch, & Huckman, 2015, p.6)
Non-adherence has caused the U.S. healthcare system an estimated $290 billion in annual cost on unnecessary medical treatment. It involves chronic disease such as high cholesterol, diabetes, and depression (John, Quelch, & Huckman, 2015, p.4).
A CVS Health study showed a reduction in the total annual healthcare spending due to medication adherence (Exhibit 4, John, Quelch, & Huckman, 2015, p.10; cf. p.4).
Consumers are attentive to the $290 billion expense reduction associated with patient medication adherence (John, Quelch, & Huckman, 2015, ...

PHYSICAL EXAM:

You will be expected to write up your response as follows:
List of Differential Diagnoses [rank ordered]
A. Congestive Heart Failure
B. Angina
C. Hypercholesterolemia
D. Myocardial Infarction

E. Diabetes Mellitus

F. with Grade II diastolic heart failure.

G. Hypertriglyceridemia

H. GERD
I.

J. Hypertension

Leading hypothesis : Congestive Heart Failure
Active Alternative hypotheses
Must not miss diagnoses [critical rule outs]
Congestive Heart Failure
Angina
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Most common diagnoses [reasonable alternatives]
GERD
Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
Presumptive Diagnosis [assumption]
Congestive Heart Failure

Treatment Plan

Non-pharmacologic / lifestyle interventions (provide rationale)
• Modify Diet.
- Advance to a low-sodium, low-cholesterol, low-fat, solid diet as tolerated R: to minimize metabolic demands ...

M.K is a female, 45 years old with 5.5” height and 225 lbs. weight and has a history of smoking for 22 years and poor diet. The history of Type II diabetes mellitus and primary hypertension is also observed with the recent diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. She has been observed with chronic cough with sputum, light headedness, excessive peripheral edema, distended neck veins and increased urination during the night. She has been using the medications comprising of Lotensin and Lasix to treat hypertension and Glucophage for diabetes mellitus.

Vitals and Lab Results

The patient is observed chronic cough with sputum and the cough ...

[Institution Title]

Patient Initials: _N/A___ Age: ___52 years old_____ Sex: __Male______
Subjective Data:
Patient has been complaining of chest pain. Manifested signed of labored breathing and excessing perspiration suggesting signs of exertion. Chest pains also seems to radiate to neck as it intensifies.

HPI (History of Present Illness):

Patient has reported to have experienced angina symptoms four days prior to hospitalization. Patient defers seeking medical attention in the belief that the physical symptoms were simply the result of stress and would eventually be relieved after bed rest. Patient was not active as a result of non-activity particularly relating to work.

PMH (Past Medical History—include current medications, any known allergies, any history of surgery or hospitalizations):

Patient has no ...

Pediatric Case Study

Part I. Cultural and Family Assessment

Culture and family are oftentimes neglected during patient assessment, especially when the person is viewed only in terms of disease, causes and treatment. However, providing holistic care that encompasses all aspects of the patient’s life has the potential to improve patient outcomes. In nursing theory, Callista Roy and Madeleine Leininger refer to culture as a belief system, a worldview through which the patient perceives health, care, nursing and the world in general (George, 2011). It is transmitted from one generation to the next through interaction in social institutions such as the family, school and ...

Abstract

Cultural sensitivity is an issue that is central to health and ethnicity, and also to creating programs for disease prevention and health promotions for varying ethnic and racial populations. The rationale, under which programs for promoting health are build, is based on three basic observations; the varying patterns in the predictors of the behaviors of health, different groups show; the differences in the rates of disease prevalence as indicated by various ethnic and racial groups; and the patterns exhibited by the same groups in the prevalence of risk factors imposed by their behaviors. The differences between the prevalence rates ...

Evidences in recent times have revealed that type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is associated with several forms of microvascular and macrovascular events which occur overtime. These pathophysiologic changes influences the patients vessels and other organs of the body and one of the resultant effects which mostly associates with the condition is that of the cardiovascular system. These in most situations remain a major source of concern to the affected individual. The changes are from the line of thrombotic aftermath is a pathologic problem which caused by accumulation of fatty tissues and cells within the blood vessels.
Once this form of pathologic ...

Introduction

The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive report on a case study conducted on an individual who is displaying symptoms of hypertension. The paper explicitly explores as a chronic disease and some of the aspects that will be touched on include its epidemiology, Pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, treatment plan, drug analysis and follow up care.
Hypertension, also commonly referred to as high blood pressure is a body condition in which blood vessels, specifically the arteries high and persistent pressure. This high pressure makes it hard for the heart to pump blood to all the other parts of the body. Hypertension ...

Australia has been rated among the countries to have highest obesity rates by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfares [AIHW]. This has made it essential to develop a better understanding of the determinants of obesity in a society to address the issue in a much effective way.

1. Discuss why obesity is a National Health Priority in Australia.
After being rated among one of the highest obesity prevailing country in the world by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfares [AIHW] adopt preventive strategies. According to the reports of the study that was released in 2010, every one out of four ...

Crohn’s Disease is a chronic condition grouped under Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) which causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract especially at the beginning of the colon and the end of the ileum. It can also affect the entire thickness of the bowel wall. This disease is usually manifested in symptoms such as: persistent diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, urgent need to move bowels, altered taste sensation, loss of appetite, sweating at nightime, fever, loss of appetite, sensation of incomplete evacuation of stool, constipation and in women, loss of normal menses (Greenstein p.400).
Apart from medication, the disease is also treated ...

Overview of the Health Problem

Food consumers require nutritional information of every item appearing on the menu board. Such information is essential in creating awareness of what the consumers take from certain food thus able to make better choices in restaurants. Senate Bill (SB) 120 addresses the problem affecting approximately thirty eight million people residing in California State (Henderson, et al 2010). As the most populous state with modern living standards, it is the duty of the lawmakers in this state to ensure they protect the health interests of residents. To ensure that restaurants adhere to the provisions of public health policy in California, ...

with numbness in both feet.

With numbness in both feet.

Normal aging process symptoms
Numbness of both feet in an obese 75 year old male could be attributed to several causes inclusive of the normal aging process. Some are peripheral neuropathy; monnueropathy; diabetic neuropathy; spinal stenosis; slipped disk and peripheral vascular disease. With regards to aging and unassociated with any other disease process numbness in both legs at age 75 accompanied by obesity could signal nerve damage linked to poor circulation in the extremities (Digiovanna, 2000).
Blood vessels and heart muscles tend to age with age. This means that valves, nerves responsible ...

Abdominal Pain

Acute abdominal pain is a common presenting complaint. It can be due to a range of conditions some of which are benign and self-limiting and others life-threatening medical/surgical emergencies (Cartwright and Knudson, 2008). This paper will address the issue of abdominal pain from a paramedicine perspective in reference to a 29 year old male patient who presents with this complaint. It will interrogate the provided information and identify other essential information that is needed, three differential diagnoses for the patient, and the pathophysiology of the most probable diagnosis. Lastly, the implications of the case on paramedicine practice will be ...

Ethos

The reduction of childhood obesity is considered as a societal responsibility. Schools, parents, guardians, leaders, healthcare givers, the private sector, and community-based initiatives are responsible for obesity reduction in children. The involvement of such individuals will ensure that children live healthy lives.

Logos

Feeding children with healthy foods and helping them in becoming fit physically will reduce childhood obesity. Statistics show that, in America, one among three children is obese (National Center for Health Statistics et. al, 2015). However, in the African Americans and Hispanic communities, 40% of the children are overweight (National Center for Health Statistics et. al, 2015).

Pathos

...

Response Critique

Obesity and overweight remain some of the most common chronic diseases not only in Australia but also in the whole world. According to World Health Organization (WHO) (2015, Key facts, para. 1), 600 million people aged 18 years and older were obese in 2014 in the whole world. I agree with you that the prevalence of obesity and overweight continues to increase globally. Indeed, it is reported that it has doubled since 1980 (WHO, 2015, Key facts, para. 1). I also agree with you that the prevalence of obesity and overweight in Australia is high. According to Australian Bureau ...

The first complication in many pregnancies is the fear of premature delivery. Such a realization increases the risk of health problems to the unborn babies. Studies have shown that more than half of all twin pregnancies do not stay up to the full term which increases the risk of miscarriage to the mother. The second complication that Teresa is likely to face is preeclampsia. This condition has been found to affect between 10 to 15 percent of all women carrying twins (Thomopoulos et al., 2013). Preeclampsia is characterized by traces of protein in the urine, high blood pressure to ...

Background: The rising prevalence of obesity in children is a serious public health concern. Obesity is like a silent killer, and can predispose the child to a number of lifelong disabilities and chronic diseases. Obesity is negatively linked to life span. A child with obesity has higher amount of adipose tissue deposition, when compared to a normal weight child. The excess calorie that is not utilized for work or growth, is deposited in the form of adipose tissue and stored in the body. Adipose tissues are made of adipocytes or other called fat containing cells.
Obesity occurs from factors ...

Abstract

The essay looks at the social problem of racism in society. Racial and ethnic minorities are seen a poorer quality of health care as compared to the White non-minorities. Although the sources of these disparities are complex, they are rooted in historic inequities. Racism in health care industry involves many participants and at different levels, such as the healthcare systems, healthcare professionals, and the patients. Stereotyping, biases and uncertainty contribute to disparities in the treatments provided. Minorities experience a range of barriers when accessing health care. The purpose of the essay is to study the social problem and what ...

Directions

The provided case study illustrates the case of one Mr. Red Smart, a hospitalized, elderly diabetic patient who equally suffers from hypertension and a host of other medical conditions. Mr. Red uses crutches due to an earlier fall and he experiences a sharp pain at home and falls unconsciousness and upon the doctors diagnosis, Myocardial infarction (MI) is detected. He is admitted to the hospital for three weeks but he considers to return home contrary to his family opinions. He also suffers from memory lapses.

Scenario

Red is a 60 year old man who lives with his elderly wife aged ...

The aging process occurs during a person’s lifespan. Nobody can escape this process and it happens to everyone. Aging is associated with maturation, growth, and discovery (Cohen et al., 2015). Many abilities of human beings peak before the age of 30, but there are other abilities that continue to grow and develop throughout the life of a person. Most people who are over the age of 65 are healthy, fully independent, and happy while others start experiencing signs of deterioration. These changes are normal and not harmful. The hair thins and start turning gray and skins thins and ...

LEGENDS:

Smoker
Heart Disease
Underlying Pathophysiology
The participant is a 20 year old Caucasian male. His family history shows that his maternal grandfather and father have been diagnosed with hypertension, while his paternal grandfather had died of a heart disease. Porth had indicated that the risk factors for hypertension include one's health condition, family history, and lifestyle. A family history that shows relatives with hypertension does not guarantee that one may acquire the disease. However, a family history riddles with hypertension makes one more at risk than other individuals. Increasing age, a part of an individual’s health condition, may ...

The research is based on the diagnosis of a 30-years old women, who came to the hospital with sudden weight loss and persistent headaches. She was not pregnant, and the blood pressure remained normal. It was decided to run a blood test to see what was going on. During the research it got obvious that the reason of patient's poor health conditions was in increased level of sugar in the organism.
All cells of the human body contain sugar (glucose), which is their main source of energy; the stable glucose level is especially important for the normal functioning of ...

Keeping the body healthy and in shape is probably the big aim of everyone. However, all of those desires differ a lot on the gender, age and motivation basis. This assignment will demonstrate the analysis of two case studies. For both of them some recommendations and calculations will be given.

Anyways, some calculations are needed in order to get the entire picture of his body condition.

Secondly, Chad’s BMR is 1865.04
Finally, it is essential to implement the Karvonen formula in order to find out Chad’s target heart rate at 60% and 80%.
The answer looks as follows: Target HR (60%) = 131
Target HR (80%) = 148
At this point of time it is ...

Huntington's disease is a genetic neurological disorder that is characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nerve brain cells. HD has a large impact on an individual’s ability to function and typically causes cognitive and psychiatric syndromes. Even though HD patients with symptoms are seldom found during pregnancy because most people develop symptoms in their 30s and 40s, it is a more common occurrence to see older women pregnant nowadays, so doctors should expect to find pregnant patients with HD (Hoskins, 2007). An extensive search of the PubMed database from 1965 to 2008 resulted in hundreds of research ...

Subjective Data:

Patient’s demographic and social information
Jnr. is a 10 year old African American Male patient brought into clinic by his mother who reports that Jnr. was recently discharged from hospital for acute asthma exacerbation. The boy presented with cough and difficulty in breathing combined with a running nose and elevated temperature which has now been resolved with over the counter Tylenol. The mother also says that her son has a history of multiple admissions to the hospital for acute asthma exacerbation. His mother reports child repeatedly loses inhalers. She also states that she does not check for inhaler ...

- What did you learn that was beneficial to you? Be specific (i.e. give specific examples and references). Why did you find this beneficial? How will you apply what you have learned to your personal lifestyle?

In this class I have learned that eating healthy does not necessarily mean consuming less calories, skipping specific food groups, or skipping whole meals; but rather, eating healthy means consuming all types of foods in a balanced way. What surprised me most was that healthy eating actually means consuming many calories, but they have to be beneficial; they cannot be so called “empty calories.” Foods that are considered high in calories but still healthy are dried fruits and avocados. Cereal is a good breakfast option because of the high percentage of fiber and calcium. While consuming many healthy calories is ...

T.A. is at increased risk of infections due to several factors. To start with, He admits smoking one pack of cigarettes per day. As a result, he is at risk of developing lung cancer and cancer of the mouth, throat, lips, kidney, stomach, and other organs. Furthermore, smoking leads to increased risk of the following conditions: heart attack, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis. These conditions are likely to weaken his immune system. As a result, his is prone to infections. T.A.’s laboratory results also show hemoglobin A1C level of 7.9% and serum glucose level ...

PART 1: Pathophysiology template

Disease: Ischaemic Stroke
Definition:
An ischaemic stroke of the left dominant cerebral hemisphere is a stroke that occurs when the blood supply to the left side of the brain is obstructed. The blood supply contains nutrients and oxygen for the brain cells. For majority of the people, the left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the control of the right side of and hence its failure affects the right side (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2010). It is also responsible for the control of speech and language (Hickey, 2009).

Aetiology:

Ischaemic Stroke of the left hemisphere is ...

Question#1

Nutrition also known as aliment or nourishment, is the stipulation, to organisms and cells, of the materials essential (in food form) to support life. Most common health complications can be curbed or combated with a healthy diet. The diet of an organism is determined by the palatability of foods with regard to what it eats. In this study I am going to let you know how nutrients need to change throughout the life cycle: during the infancy and early child hood, and adolescent and adult hood respectively.
Requirements for micronutrients and macronutrients are advanced on a per–kilogram base during ...

Question 1.

- Location of pain, intensity and duration of pain can be misleading. Various causes of acute abdomen include appendicitis cholecystitis, hernia and other gynecological causes may be difficult to distinguish and diagnose.
- Uncertainty of diagnosis and difficulty to identify abdominal pathology owing to the many organs within the abdominal viscera. An examiner will occasionally miss a diagnosis by mistaking the affected organ with an adjacent organ.
- Pregnancy – pregnant women are usually difficult to examine per abdomen owing to the physical and physiological changes e.g. enlarged uterus.
- Small children might be difficult to examine – they ...

The numerous small round objects found in the urine sample could be glucose and ketones. In urine, no or little glucose is found. However, in conditions of kidney damage and uncontrolled diabetes, glucose is evidenced in urine. Ketones develop in urine in cases where there is incomplete breakdown of fats. Ketones may also develop in cases where vomiting or diarrhea causes starvation. These small round objects may also be crystals from components such as calcium oxalate.

If the laboratory technician is not able to identify these small objects, the technician may suggest that the patient is suffering from diabetes ...

Introduction

There are different ways to handle medical, surgical and post surgical cases and especially when it comes to nursing, the application of concepts may remain the same however there is a lot of difference in the application of concepts from person to person. We will look at the case study related to endocrine/metabolic system, for Mr.Jenaro and will analyze the situation according to the data available.

The medical situation of the case can be explained by mentioning that Mr.Jenaro, a 61 year old male is admitted to the emergency ward with a complain of severe nausea and vomiting for two days consecutively. ...