Measure Literature Reviews Samples For Students

- Introduction
Return on investments (ROI) is one of the most crucial calculations that organizations’ management need to make as a way of ensuring that their businesses have a long-term viability. Thus, it is becoming crucial for businesses not only to identify their operations profitability but also to measure the efficiency of their investments in providing a return. However, the metric’s application varies with different business types, and that forms the objective of this study in establishing the various ROI standards that are applied by companies with a focus on the service oriented businesses. (Vinci, 2010) In that respect, the analysis ...

Introduction

- Description of the organization’s strategic plan as it pertains to quality improvement.

Design a balanced scorecard for the organization to measure quality.

Evaluation of the scorecard comparing it with the priorities of your organization.
Definition of the value of a balanced scorecard and suggestions for improvements that my organization may need.
Explanation of each measure in the scorecard in terms of standardized data definitions.
Evaluation of external benchmarks and a projection of goals for the next three years.
Conclusion
- Description of how the balanced scorecard reflects the strategic plan of the organization and nursing’s role therein.

Abstract

This document contains a report related to ...

COUN503: Introduction to Research

Abstract
Behavioral and psychological problems are common during the adolescent years. Improving self-esteem to healthy levels will minimize or eliminate these issues. It is also shown to have a positive impact on physical health as well. Having high self-esteem has been given a tremendous about of attention lately, and seen as a way to mitigate a variety of social ills. Adolescents with higher self-esteem are proved to do better in school, avoid drug abuse, and have successful social interactions. That is why studies on the influence of self-esteem on the adolescents’ life are not rare. Assessment of self-esteem is required in order ...

Abstract

The role played by parents in the development of the child as they grow up is very vital in their lives. Parental love and warmth is very important to a child’s development. This is because they shape a child’s life as they grow up in terms of their behavior, interactions and even their performance at school. Children’s social skills developed at an early age are very important for their success in early school education. These skills are mainly developed during the time the child is under their parents care. Research studies have shown that children who luck social ...

Abstract / Summary

This Literature Review is formulated with the intention to assess the dangers surrounding the detection of tar and nicotine content, specifically utilizing High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Also other methods to measure and evaluate the importance of these substances from a researcher's viewpoint. Attention will be primarily focused on HPLC as an important method to be utilized. Focus will also be directed at other methods used, such as taking blood samples to measure the effects of tar and nicotine. This Literature Review acknowledges the limitations of research as there are many risks regarding cigarette smoking that are relatively unknown. Moreover, ...

Introduction

Thin films are in use since ages, and in old times people used to beat gold with hammers into thin films about less than one μm thickness and then used this thin film for gold coating of different stuffs. Thin films are used in many materials and do use them in daily life but are not aware of it. If one wax cars or paint homes that mean, they are applying a thin film.

Bulk Material VS thin film

Bulk materials are those materials that are mined. They are referred to as Bulk solid in mining and mineral industry. The material that can be stored ...

The Center for Allied Health Nursing Education

This center was established in 2003 in response to an emerging shortage of trained and experienced healthcare workers in New Jersey. This phenomenon is believed to have evolved from increasing health care demands inclusive of a steep growth in the population; diminishing interest of new students within ther health care industry and an aging workforce and baby boom bubble. As such, the focus was towards ‘developing and offering educational programs that (i) provide students with comprehensive instruction and training and (ii) reinforce the humanistic aspects of care in the area of healthcare’ (Strategic Plan, 2013).
Core values encompass a commitment towards ...

INTRODUCTION

Social media can be defined as, the means through which people are engaged in sharing, creating and exchanging new things, content, articles, pictures and videos on different networks. Social media is not like old and traditional or Industrial media. It has many aspects that make it different such as; quality, speed, frequency, reach and others (Sterne, 2010). Social media is a group of internet that allows creation and exchange of different things and items all over on different pages. There are numerous forms of social media website , for example, Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, YouTube, MySpace and several others. Many of these ...

Ethical situations require that businesses make choices out of competing interests. It is in the best interests of businessmen to foster virtue oriented ethical mindset. The paper will explore various ethical virtues in business field. The paper proposes the argument that the development if a universal law governing business ethics is difficult. Realization of ethics thus depends on the virtues of the practitioners in the areas of businesses. Still, the paper fosters the argument that ethics is individual born, and depends mostly on how individuals respond to situations.

The exact meaning of ethics is hard to capture. What is “ ...

Labor Market

Labor market is a form of the economy that functions through demand and the supply of labor. Labor demand is the companies demand; labor and supply focus on the supply of the labor workers. The bargaining power is likely to have high influence on both supply and demand. Majority of the nation is aware that the labor market institutions that have equalizing effects tend to encounter challenges (Peitchinis, 2005). Policy change is required in relation to equality since it ensures that the status quo focuses on both national and international change. Labor market comprises of employees searching for work, employers ...

Measures of effects can be explained to being the indexes that normally summarize the strength of the link between various exposures and their specific outcomes thus helping the medical practitioner make effective decisions in their everyday practice (Rothman, Greenland & Lash, 2008, p.72). In the nursing practice, the measure of effects strategy is an imperative approach that helps the nurse in knowing not only whether a certain exposure such as smoking can be linked to a certain outcome such as myocardial infarction, but also determining the magnitude of this relationship.
Enormous risks would be posed to the patients if the use ...

INTRODUCTION

The evolution of motion sensors dates back to the evolution of man. It is said to have used by man to calculate the movement of stars to determine the best crop-growing season. Motion sensors gained their popularity during the World War II. The significant increase in demand for detection and monitoring during the World War II generated technological advancements in motion sensing. Radar, which was invented several decades earlier, was being fully developed during the war, to detect the motion of aircrafts. Although the development of radar systems was a great leap forward, it was limited only to military use. ...

Abstract

Throughout the known history of organizational development, the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of leadership has always been included in some of the most important discussions. There is an abundance of literature relating leadership to organizational outcomes and performance. The consensus, according to this literature, supports the notion that leadership is one of the most important indicators of organizational success. In this paper, the author conducts a review of related literature exploring the use of the Big Five Personality Traits Paradigm and Leadership Style theories when it comes to examining the differences (if any) between military and restaurant business leadership. ...

MEASURING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: BEYOND THE TRIPLE BOTTOM

The following report is a summary of the investigation of an investigation of Graham Hubbard from the University of Adelaide, Australia on "Measuring Organizational Performance" specifically beyond the triple bottom line. The report will have the following points:

History in organizational performance measures systems.

The Triple Bottom Line.
Current sustainability report practice.
The sustainable Balanced Scorecard.
History in organizational performance measures systems.
The last two decades there is a change in the way the organizations measure their performance, but it is necessary to have a knowledge of the most common strategies used to measure performance both "high-performing" firms and "low-performing firms".
Balanced Scorecard: The theory ...

Psychology Literature Review

Literature Review
While many children are born with a proverbial clean slate, this is obviously not the case for all children. When it comes to developmental psychology, there are many children that are born with some nasty genetic precursors or other issues innate to what is passed on from their parents and this leads to some challenges even in the best of circumstances. Such a situation calls for what Ellignsen, Baker, Blacher and Crnic (2014) refer to as “resilient parenting”. Indeed, they state right off the top that there are immense and immeasurable benefits to efficacious parenting and this ...

Validation Literature on

Literature on the Effect Constructs of
Grandiose Narcissism (GN)
Validation Literature on
Literature on the Effect Constructs of
Grandiose Narcissism (GN)

Introduction

The purpose of the proposed research is to study GN among presidents of public Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). A review of theoretical, research, and analysis of the validation of literature on the effect constructs on GN provides a variety of insights into this psychological condition affecting humans shows taxonomic and phenotypic inconsistencies as are discussed in the following. Analysis of literature on a specific research design in the past five years on this topic ...

LITERATURE REVIEW

Although the concept of corporate governance has been in practice for several decades, it gained worldwide popularity and significance since the collapse of a number of corporate giants and bank chains in the United States in the early 2000s. The idea of corporate governance is the major factor that links stakeholder interests with the objectives of the organization. As Solms and Solms point out, corporate governance could be defined as “the set of processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a corporation (or company) is directed, administered or controlled” (Solms & Solms, 2008, p.2). In the current business context, shareholders, ...

Literature review

Heat transfer and friction characteristics in a square duct roughened by various shaped ribs on one wall [Aliaga, b, 1994]. Liquid crystal thermograph is used to measure local and average heat transfer coefficient of ribbed surface. The ribs height to duct hydraulic diameter ratio is fixed to 0.1. The rib pitch to height ratio varies from 8 to 15 and Reynolds number spans from 8000 to 20,000[Aliaga, b, 1994]. The experiment consists of heat transfer test and pressure test. The test experiment consists of 750mm long smooth duct followed by a rib-roughened section of equal length. Plexiglas plates are applied to ...

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Airport Development
2.2.1 Airport History
The history of the development of airports worldwide dates back to the late 1800s with the first ever professionally functional airport according to NYC Aviation (2012) was developed in the outskirts of Paris dubbed Port Aviation. This fact is however indispute since other factions lay claims to being the world’s first or oldest airport. For instance according to Prince George’s Department of Parks and Recreation (2010) College Park Airport in Maryland is the oldest airport that is functional to this day having been established in 1909 ...

Introduction

The balance scorecard method is performance management tool that combines financial metrics with non-financial metrics. It uses four aspects – financial metrics, internal business processes, continuous learning and growth, and employee satisfaction to determine whether the organization is achieving its strategic goals or not. This paper discusses some of the advantages of the balanced scorecard method. It will also discuss some of the criticisms, and conclude why it is better. (Norreklit, 2000, 67)
One of the main benefits of using the balanced scorecard method is that it combine quantitative measures with qualitative measures. The four aspects of the company ...

The piece by Goolsbee is ahead of its time. It talks about economics and how the wealthy are taxed. The effects of this are outlined and discussed in the paper. It speaks of the more responsive taxation when the top 10% of the most wealthy in the country pay taxes, and what happens to these contributions. With the recent economic crisis, this paper is very relevant and can be put into practice. The GDP and business cycles of the United States are discussed below in relation to the theory presented by Goolsbee. The distribution, effects and higher tax rates ...

Abstract

Tuberculosis, better known as TB, is an infectious disease that affects the global community. Its incidence rate has been significant in the New Zealand region where the disease is considered to be pandemic and has accrued a significant burden on the healthcare system for its demands on timely diagnosis and treatment. Although a decline of its incidence in New Zealand was noted, such decline halted sometime in the 1980’s and the rate of incidence becomes consistent thereafter and it remains to be an apparent health problem in the region which is highly associated with migration issues and other factors that ...

ABSTRACT.

Poverty is in its own a culture and a socio-economic class, which traps individuals in a vicious cycle that are hard to break. Education plays a crucial role in breaking this cycle, but under normal circumstances achieving while faced with this calamity is a challenge. Teachers working with students from low economic backgrounds face the consequences of the culture of poverty, which goes to the extent of failing their state tests. Working with such students needs an understanding of poverty, and what they can do to address their literacy needs. This study provides a review on education achievements and poverty in order to examine the ...

Discrepancy Index and treatment time

Introduction
During the past many decades, considerable efforts have been made to develop reliable and standardized measurement tools in orthodontics. Quantitative indices like the peer assessment rating (PAR) and the objective grading system (OGS) have been successfully used so far to assess outcomes of an orthodontic treatment, but these are limited to occlusal aspects only (Cangialosi, 2004).

ABO’s DI

The American Board of Orthodontics’ (ABO’s) main goal is clinical excellence as it aims to deliver high quality orthodontics. With this goal in mind, it has devised a tool, the Discrepancy Index (DI) with an intention of providing an objective evaluation ...

Introduction

Quality of air is a determinant in the quality of life, indoor air is important as people spend on average 80-90% of their lives in door (WHO, 2007). Indoor air quality began a long time but only been a health concern decades ago when awareness of contaminants presented in the air. The problem begins when the construction of building are highly insulated to conserve energy, which caused a trap to air intoxicants inside the building (E. Willard, 2005). This causes the exchange of outdoor to indoor to lessen and therefore the indoor air pollution builds up.

Indoor air quality is a complex issue as ...

“Effectiveness of Social Media Performance Metrics in the Attraction and Retention of Customers.”

CHAPTER ONE
Problem Statement
Social media has emerged as a contemporary platform of communication which has revolutionized the way people communicate with one another by creating a seamless network through which social media users can engage and interact with one another across the world (Marshall, 200, pg.20). The effectiveness and ease of use of these platforms has subsequently resulted in the emergence and mass subscription to these pages by millions of users across the world since they were first created over the last ten years (Sponder, 2011, pg67).
These social media websites include Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Pintrest and Snapchat ...

Q1: For the chi-square test, independent t-test, ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and correlation, describe the inferential statistics and what levels of measurement are needed.

Chi-square test: This inferential statistic can be used both as a baseline measure in determining the success of the randomization procedure in the sample assignment and in analyzing the sample attrition level during the study implementation between the baseline point and the study endpoint, which, in the Jemmott, Jemmott, and Fong (1998) study, experienced a small (below 10%) attrition over the period of 3 to 12 months. The level of measurement for the independent and dependent ...

The Four Seasons Hotels is a chain of hotels with an international presence in major cities of the world. The hotels target various hoteliers through a comprehensive provision of services that range from hotel meals, accommodations, conferences, meetings and seminars, catering services, parties, among other hotelier products. In this paper we shall look at six specific examples of the branches which include Dublin, Sydney, Singapore, Istanbul, Jakarta and Milano. It is illustrative to note that all the mentioned hotels are located in the Middle East or Europe. These continents form the list of continents believed to have a robust economy that may ...

Kathyann

Abstract
Dental care substances with stannous fluoride as an active ingredient may be helpful in allowing re-hardening or in increasing the resistance of teeth surfaces to further acidic or mechanical impacts. However, stannous fluorides are applied together with brushing and depending on how and when tooth-brushing occurs. This research focuses on the potential harmful and helpful effects associated with the use of stannous concerning erosive wear. Active ingredients like fluorides or agents that have unique anti-erosive properties were shown to offer protection against erosion and combined erosion and abrasion to some extent. The abrasive effects of dentifrices may ...

Introduction

Risk assessment tools are employed for the purposes of identifying and managing the people at risk of certain tendencies that may be harmful to them. Some risk assessment tools have been developed as a consequence of determining the behaviors of individuals and their propensities to cause harm or disrupt the peace in certain jurisdictions. In the recent past, more than a hundred and twenty risks assessment researchers have established tools. Their validity and viability have been proven in dealing with psychiatric cases across various societies. The two articles chosen for this study focus on various dimensions of the assessment, yet all ...

Learned Helplessness is a psychological term of human being’s unpleasant or mental state. The research work concerning learned helplessness has its base in the study of behaviorism. The initial definition of learned helplessness was built upon the experiments that included classical conditioning of animals. In particular, has been able to come up with various statements and definitions after many experiments. Under these experiments, the concept of learned helplessness has been defined as the state of failure or the state when emotionally a person feels unstable. The concept of learned helplessness has also been studied and explained as a mechanism for emotional ...

2.1 Effective Change Management 12
2.2 Structural 13
2.3 People-Centered 14
2.4 Process-Oriented 15
2.5 Strategy-Oriented 15
2.6 Summary 16

References 18

Introduction
What is change management and how does it relate to operational efficiency? When change is introduced to an organization, management itself on various levels normally decides on altering how operations and related work is practiced. The main categories of change management are organizational structure, job descriptions, operational systems, and processes. Change management varies from project management, where the former is defined as a process associated with the tools and techniques to regulate any ...

Latasha Vaughn

Week6
The assignment in week 5 involved creating a training method for police recruits in the training academy. The first training method selected was an audio-visual training system for crime scene training: hair. This method was selected as it offered a number of advantages to both the trainer and trainee.

Pre-test instrument

The pre-test testing instrument to be used is going to be a questionnaire targeted at the trainer. Before using the training method suggested, other methods of training had been used. These may include direct training in classrooms. When switching to this new instrument, there were a number of fundamental changes in which ...

A job is generally defined as a piece of work or labor, especially if it a specific task handled by an individual as part of a routine in ones occupation, for an agreed price. A good job is in many ways described depending on one’s own background, economists for example define good jobs as those, which pay a reasonable minimum and include pension benefits as well as healthcare.
In today’s world, altering of the good and bad jobs picture occurs in three ways. Firstly, the business press, including other scholars, has opposed the notion known to many that a good job ...

The perspective of college Students & Faculty members in department of art education Regarding the Usage of Technology in Constructivist Learning Environment

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Literature Review

Constructivism is a teaching and learning philosophy which states that humans acquire knowledge from their experiences. Using constructivism as a tool in education helps the students to develop and explore their views and ideas (Juniu, 2006). Understanding the way constructivism works, and the benefits it offers to the classroom can help teachers implement the theories into their teaching styles. Incorporating technology with constructivism advances the application of knowledge and the involvement of students, and offers them larger potential for ...

Akmansoy, Vesile & Kartal, Sadik (2014). Chaos Theory and its Application to Education: Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Case. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14[2], 510–518.
This study surveyed thirty professors from different faculties at a university in Turkey on their opinions about wether certain aspects of chaos theory could be applied to education. It was a qualitative study, using a standardized set of open-ended questions posed in the same way and same order the the participants. In analyzing the data, two researchers independently coded the themes, and then compared results. Their percentage of agreement was sufficient for statistical validity. The ...

Systematic Review

- In my practice, I am observing an increased emphasis on infection prevention. This increased attention to infection prevention measures has been prompted by legislative changes that transferred the financial burden of healthcare-associated infections to hospitals. In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a directive denying payments to hospitals for certain conditions if they occurred during a hospital stay and had not been present on admission. The CMS was empowered to issue the directive by the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. Section 5001(c) of the act required the Secretary of Health and Human Services to identify ...

<Put your name here>
<Put the name of your school / University here>

Research Questions

- How to use Constructivism in making art education effective?
- What is the relevance of technology in using Constructivism while teaching art to adult students?
- What are the advantages of using Information Technology in teaching art?
- Using information technology and Constructivism together, would it make the traditional methods of teaching art defunct?
- Should Constructivism be used along with technology in teaching art education, especially in a country like Saudi Arabia?
Constructivism is a teaching and learning ...

ID Number

Introduction

The use of statistics in behavioral sciences examines the relationships between variables. This paper discusses the application of statistical measures such as t-test, ANOVA, and chi-square on three different studies to determine the correlation between variables. The objectives of this paper include the following:

Article 1: The Effects of Participation in Athletics on Academic Performance among High School Sophomores and Juniors

An ongoing discussion concerning the impacts of participation in athletics on academic accomplishment has been around since the 60s. Recently, this issue has ballooned due to the imposed limits on budget for education. A lot of decision makers also found it comforting to cut programs intended for athletic development due to their notion ...

ISO 14001:2004

ISO 14000 is a family of standards that have been created for environmental management. Their main purpose is to define standards and requirements in order to help organizations reduce their operations, which may have negative effect on the environment. This standard notably includes ISO 14001, which represents a core set of standards to be used by organizations in designing and implementing an effective environmental management system. The current version is ISO 14001: 2004. This standard sets a criterion for environmental management system. It does not describe the requirements for environmental performances, but has developed a framework that a company or organization can follow in ...

Introduction

Domestic violence against women for the past decades has been rated as the one of the major social, justice and relationship problem. The most crucial factor in this case is the realization of feminism. In the past years intimate abuse was seen as a relationship problem, the current public engagement concerning the realities of abuse has led to domestic violence being taken seriously than before. So many organizations have come up with support programs for the victims, shelter, laws, studies, treatment programs and innovation of professional ways of handling the victims and the offenders. New approaches continue to be introduced ...

According to the World Health Organization (2006), quality in the context of health care is characterized as health care that is effective (i.e. evidence-based); efficient (i.e. maximized resources); accessible (i.e. timely, geographically reasonable, and competent); acceptable or patient-centered (i.e., considerate of the patients’ preferences and cultural differences); equitable (i.e. delivery of the same level of care regardless of the patient’s background); and safe (i.e. minimized patient risk and harm).
In an effort by the National Quality Forum (NQF) to measure and improve the quality of nursing care, the NDNQI (National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators ) was developed ( ...

WriterCourseDateInstructor

Introduction
There are number of alcohol related issues that are preferably associated with social and disciplinary aspects of society. While conducting analysis it has been significantly analyzed that the use of alcohol has implicate various adverse impacts on family and social life of an individual involve. Australian society avoids hearing the fact that the society is suffering from huge number of alcoholic issues. At the same time there are number of other overseas nations that represents to have serious issues with alcohol. In reference to Australia, it has been examined that in Victoria alcoholic related issues cost more ...

The Four Seasons Hotels is a chain of hotels with an international presence in major cities of the world. The hotels target various hoteliers through a comprehensive provision of services that range from hotel meals, accommodations, conferences, meetings and seminars, catering services, parties, among other hotelier products.
This Literature Review focuses on six branches, which include Dublin, Sydney, Singapore, Istanbul, Jakarta and Milano. All the mentioned hotels are either located in the Middle East or Europe. These listed continents have a robust economy that might not wallow to changes in the world economic climate. I am going to analyse how the ...

Long-Term Effects of Exposure to Mass Trauma and Resettlement amongst Vietnamese Refugees in Australia

The short-to-medium-term adverse effects of exposure to mass trauma and displacement amongst refugee populations have been studied empirically. Findings from epidemiological studies have revealed that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are two most prevalent mental disorders in these populations. The prevalence of these two disorders amongst refugee populations is higher than that of non-refugee populations (Fazel, Wheeler, & Danesh, 2005). This indicates that exposure to mass violence and trauma significantly contributes to psychological disability. PTSD plays an appreciable role in the development of depression (Kessler, 2000). The two categories of mental illnesses prevalent amongst refugees, PTSD and depression, are ...

1. Quantitative Articles

Kurtz (2002) argues that leading causative factor for teenage offending behavior is a hostile family environment. According to Kurtz (2002), parenting emerges as both a direct and indirect influence for delinquent behaviors because neglectful parenting coupled with inadequate monitoring and supervision contributes to uncouth behavior. He cites psychological interventions such as Aggression Replacement Training Program (ART), Multisystematic Therapy (MST), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as being among the best strategies for preventing juvenile delinquency (Kurtz, 2002). However, studies conducted showed that Multi-systematic therapy (MST) is the most effective based on the 60% effectiveness rate as compared to the ...

Introduction

Economists most often use elasticity to measure the variation of variables like price, demand and supply of certain categories of products. By managers having the knowledge about the price elasticity of demand for the company’s products and the factors which influence it, this will offer them a great competitive advantage and this will lead to increased profits and market share (Genchev & Yarkov, 2010). Price elasticity of demand is defined as a measure of the rate of response of the quantity demanded due to a change in price. The formula to calculate this is: give as Price elasticity of demand = Proportionate ...

Background

Everyone feels hunger especially when there is not much food left to eat. This is a common scenario in third world and developing countries. At some point, hunger could also be seen even in developed and industrialized countries such as the U.S, Japan, and other prosperous countries in Europe. Whenever one feels hunger, it simply means that it is time to eat. But what if there is simply not enough food to eat or worse, there is nothing to eat at all? In that case, that person’s body, although still starving, will try to compensate by turning the body’ ...

Article Reviews

Strategic HRM Practices and Their Impact on Company Performance in Chinese Enterprises
Summary

In the article Strategic HRM practices and their impact on company performance in Chinese enterprises, Akhtar, Ding, & Ge (2008) “examined the factorial validity of strategic human resource management practices and their effects on company performance” (Akhtar et al., p. 15) by sampling 465 Chinese organizations. They conducted a study using the best practices approach in order to determine the influence of HRM practices on company performance “in the context of Chinese enterprises using a large sample” (Akhtar et al., p. 16). The best practices approach included “internal ...

Individuals refer to it as business performance management whereas others prefer calling it enterprise performance management or corporate performance management. The terms used are not as important as the meaning attached to the very entity. It basically refers to a framework of management aspects and analytical processes that enables the efficient and effective management of an organization’s performance (Devi, 2005, p.44). Achievement of certain set goals and missions is enhanced and enabled by the application of this vital aspect. Corporate performance management relatively relates to the ideas of enhancing the management styles of a given business entity. There is involvement ...

In the 1960s, following John Bolby’s article The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, many psychoanalytic figures criticised his work. They claimed that attachment theory was “mechanic, nondynamic, and explicated according to thorough misunderstandings of psychoanalytic theory” (Fonagy, 2001, page 1, p2). Critiques felt that Bowlby treated his human subjects like animals, and used too many labels and categories when reporting on experiment results.
When examining the attachment theory today and, in particular, Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation experiment, it does appear that the critiques’ points were valid. The personalities and behaviours of human beings are extremely diverse, ...