Genetics Article Reviews Samples For Students

In this article, the unique and specific patterns of cultural and genetic diversities of the Native Americans have been identified and this information is used to understand geographic dispersion patterns as well as the relationship between these people. Of these, the Tupi and Je speaker dispersions are the most important ones. Currently a lot of people speak the stock of these two languages. Although the Tupi expansion can be compared to Bantu migration in Africa, very little is known about this event as compared to others. The Je-speaker’s expansion has an equal and even deeper gaps and this study ...

Introduction

The topic on genetically modified foods has evolved into one of the most equivocal topics that have generated a contentious debate across various settings all over the globe. This can be accredited to the much hypothesized repercussions of genetically modified foods. Worth noting is the fact that researches carried out in the recent past such as the much hypothesized studies on the effects of genetically modified corn pollen on butterflies have radicalized the public to respond differently regarding the issues on global warming. In fact, it is as a result of such researches that the federal government has established regulatory procedures ...

Connective tissue growth factor induces collagen I expression in human lung fibroblasts through the Rac1/MLK3/JNK/AP-1 pathway

Many lung inflammatory diseases present pulmonary fibrosis as one of the symptoms, which is characterized by shortness of breath, chronic coughing and discomfort in the chest. It causes modifications of the lung tissues due to overgrowth, hardening and scarring. This occurs mainly due to deposition of collagen, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, whose turnover is regulated by fibroblast. Fibroblast is an important cell regulator that is enlisted by a site of injury. This process is driven by release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8/CXCL8.
Previously, fibroblast was thought to express no or very ...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a main cause of worldwide AIDs, belongs to the Lentivirus genus of Retroviridae family. Pathogen causes chronic type of symptoms, taking a long time of latency it constantly keeps replicating inside human body. HIV is categorised into two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. The genome of this retrovirus consists of two single-stranded RNA molecules. Though, both are involved in AIDS, HIV-2 seemed less virulent and demonstrated more frequent connections with the disease of central nervous system (Fanales-Belasio et al. 5).
Like other retroviruses, the genes located on HIV chromosome are gag, pol, env. The functions of gag, pol ...

Superbugs: The Bright Side

The term ‘superbug’ is grossly scary to the general public and is used for a resistant strain/species of a micro-organism that does not die easily. Such species are known to have developed a gene/segment of a gene that imparts the resistance to antibiotics and related drugs. These genes/gene segments are closed loops of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the genetic material present in humans as well as bacteria. In many bacteria, this DNA is not present inside the nucleus (as is the case with humans). However, it is present in the cytoplasm (extra-chromosomal DNA) and is called as plasmid. Scientists have developed plasmids with ‘artificially ...

Introduction

In multicellular organisms, the cell divisions occur under the control of strict control of internal and external signals. However, cancer involves an uncontrolled growth of cells. The branch of medicine that deals with the study of cancer and tumors is known as oncology. A tumor is an abnormal mass of cells that may be benign or malignant. Benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body while, malignant tumors can spread from the original site known as the primary site to other organs establishing secondary tumors.
According to their tissue of origin, cancers are classified as ...

The article titled “Mediation Has Power to Influence Your Gene” by Christopher Bergland gives a summary of the findings of two researchers conducted to investigate the relationship between meditation and pain. The first research explored by the article was conducted by a group of Scientist from Spain and France. According to Christopher, it was the first study to establish that there was an alteration of gene expressions in individuals practicing mindfulness mediation. The article reported that the comparison of gene alterations was done between experienced mediators who had undergone intensive mediation and untrained control participants who were involved in non meditative ...

Introduction:

The function of many living organisms is coupled with a vast array of cells .These units in turn serve as role playing agents for the fundamental physiology that determines the well being of organisms. However, variations in cellular environment are thought to regulate cell growth, division and survival. A network of molecular pathways or signaling events are interlinked with the cellular functions .Alterations in this specific functional aspect could lead to unnecessary complications which may lead to health abnormalities. In such context , the present description is concerned with highlighting about mTOR Signaling in Carcinogenesis.
mTOR stands for mammalian target ...

Eukaryotic organisms’ cells are composed of different types of primary and processed RNAs. These RNAs are locally found in the nucleus, cytosol or throughout the cells. To understand the function of RNA as a type of protein, RNA profiling has been carried out leading to the birth of a genomic project known as “ENCODE or the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements”. The goal of the project is to identify and characterize functional elements that are present in the genes (Djebali et al.).
In the paper Landscape of Transcription in Human Cells the study tries to answer the general question: should the ...

1. What are the 2 types of fibers found in muscle? What is the difference between the two in terms of function?

Slow Twitch (Type I)
This type is more efficient in oxygen usage and production of ATP, for continuous and long
activities. In comparison with fast twitch fibers they are slower but they get tired much later or
in other words they can work for a long time before they get fatigue.

Fast Twitch (Type II)

These fibers, in comparison with slow twitch fibres are better in production of strength or
speed than the slow twitch fibers, but they ...

“How Will Genetic Technology Shape Personalized Medicine?”By Colleen Cancio, published on Discovery Fit & Health online magazine, gives a brief insight into personalized medicine. Initially, Cancio observes that contrary to the general perception, the practice of personalized medicine dates back to the ancient times of Hippocrates. He states that Hippocrates prescribed different elixirs to different patients (Cancio). In general, Cancio focuses briefly on three aspects: background information on genetic technology and personalized medicine, the genetic technology that are being applied currently in the practice of personalized medicine, challenges of their use in personalized medicine, and how they will influence healthcare ...

Bladder cancer has been shown to respond to therapies focusing on the immune system and may thus represent a good candidate for the use of retroviral models designed to encode for antitumor genes associated with the immune system, such as the ProT gene. ProtT stimulates T cell formation and suppresses the development of tumors. In an animal study, Shiau et al evaluated the efficacy of prothymosin alpha (ProT) as gene therapy for the treatment of bladder cancer. The researchers created a recombinant retrovirus carrying the ProT gene and injected it into mice along with bladder cancer cells. The mice on which ...

Annotated Bibliography

The above journal article as done by Kay Peggs explores the pertinent issues regarding animal testing paying attention to the European community. Peggs reviews the moral issues, economic implications and scientific importance of nonhuman animal testing vis-à-vis a directive by the European Community endorsed in the year 2008. Peggs first appreciates that nonhuman animal testing has been the main methodology that scientists around the world use in performing scientific research. Further, the author argues that the European Community has had divergent rules and legislation with regard to animal testing. However, nearly all member states have a deep concern for animal ...

Generally, it is known that mothers are responsible for offering life support to the unborn baby. However, there are various things that influence the health of the baby that arise from the father. Most of the effects to the unborn baby that arise from the father are biological. That is from the genetic point of view.
Then again, the article states that men have been receiving advice from doctors which instruct them to avoid smoking and drinking prior to sex because there is a high likelihood of these two aspects lowering the quality of their sperm. The toxins that ...

Genetically Modified Foods (GMFs)

GMFs are foods whose DNA has been manipulated by scientists to change the essential genetic constitution of plants and animals (Mather, 2012). This modification involves inserting genetic material from one species into another one so as to give it desired characteristics like pest resistance and resistance to herbicides. The use of GMFs is highly controversial; while they are accepted in countries like the United States, they cannot be sold in Australia and the European Union without labeling, and are banned in Egypt, Japan, and Ireland (Mather, 2012).
Proponents of GM foods cite several reasons to advance their cause. ...

is this in the references?

Assignment 1: Molecular Cell Biology

3001BPS Molecular Cell Biology 2012
Assignment 1
Instructions: Use onlythe 9pages and spaces as provided. Type all textusing at least 10 point font. Diagrams should be hand drawn.
PART A

Genetic studies for identifying genes involved in lysosome biogenesis led to the identification of a gene encoding a novel protein of approximately 80 kDa. An antibody was raised in rabbits to investigate the subcellular localisation of the protein using both immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy. Mouse monoclonal antibodies to a known lysosomallumenal protein, hydrolase , were used as controls in these experiments. The results ...

Evolution – The Reality of Existence

This paper deals with two articles and two conversational scripts, each of which tries to emphasize the predominant role and the process of evolutionary development that dates back to our ancestors, and which cascades down to our own lives and plays a role in determining our current behavior and lifestyle.
The first article titled Potential Evolutionary Role for Same-Sex Attraction (Association for Psychological Science, 2010), published in the Science Daily on Feb 4, 2010, tries to highlight the role of human evolution in promoting homosexuality amongst men. The article -- based on the research findings of two evolutionary psychologists, ...

As a potential carrier of a gene for an unpreventable condition, I would definitely want to know my real status. The basic reason is that knowledge of the disease might mean that I would be able to spend more productive years of life as opposed to coming down with the disease later in life. I might also be able to prevent transmitting the condition to my children if I know my status.
As regards pre- and post-test counseling, I believe that it is necessary for a pre-test counseling to be done for any individual who is about to take a genetic test. ...

W. Gregory Feero, MD and Alan E. Guttmache, MD.

New England Journal of Medicine pp. 2001-2011
http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/22847483/726535520/name/Genomic+Medicine++An+Updated+Primer.pdf

With the growing speed and complexity of technology, the field of medicine is continually changing. The field of genetics, for example, is becoming increasingly important to both prevention and treatment of diseases. The article, “Genomic Medicine — An Updated Primer” by Feero and Guttmacher, offers an update on the field of genomewide scans, or a test that provides a measurement of up to millions of types of disparate genes within an individual’s genetic structure. These scans are used by ...

Tremendous progress has been noted in the genetic study of aging, with animal models suggesting important roles for a number of metabolic pathways. Despite this fact, humans exceed laboratory models by far. Only evidence from humans can identify the driving force behind aging. This article seeks to thematically review progress in identifying human genetic variants linked to longevity. It also looks at the bigger perspective of progress in establishing genetic associates of disease and functioning and healthy living in elderly people. Although much of the existing evidence is scattered, recent findings and strong methods are contributing to the growth in this ...

Gene Editing Techniques

1. Gene Editing – General Background
Gene editing entails inserting, deleting and replace the DNA in a genome of an organism utilizing engineered nucleases. Sections of the natural gene are replaced and completed using a synthetic DNA chain. Also, the natural repair process gets rid of the mismatches and gaps in the DNA. On the other hand, gene disruption is a technique by which the DNA fragment is utilized to replace a genome sequence with a chosen marker gene like the kanavanine resistance. DNA –binding proteins are proteins that consist of DNA-binding domains and hence have affinity for single and ...

Introduction 3

History of Aquaculture 3
Aquaculture and biotechnology 4
Public response to Aqua-biotechnology 4
Ethical Implications of aqua-biotechnology 5
Sustainability of the environment 6
Preserving the existing species 7
Conclusion 8

References 9

Introduction
Plausibly, one of the biggest problems facing the 21st century humanity is food insecurity. This has been occasioned by a rather unpredicted population increase across the world which is mounting too much pressure on the natural resources for food. Aquatic food has been one of the greatest sources of food for humankind. According to statistical predictions, the demand for products is set ...

With advent of climate change, the global temperatures are soaring at an astounding rate. Not only are people affected by this increasing temperature, but also crops, the main source of our food, have been on the receiving end. Most crops do not have the capabilities to adjust accordingly to the increasing and many of them wither and die. However, the field of genetic engineering is about to change this. Scholars and scientists in the field have been carrying out extensive research and are on the verge of making new discoveries that will aid plants to adapt to tomorrow’s ...

In an article published in Clinical and translational science, researchers have reported that with the help of genomic science, knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of human conditions have increased. It helps us in knowing the role of genes and their networks in the development of diseases. Genomic science also helped in understanding of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which is a chronic, progressive and disturbing scarring of the lung parenchyma, and whose cause and treatment still need further studies. Research in genomic science has helped in making diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, and potential biomarkers for the assessment ...

Article Summaries

According to Scarr and Richard, the influence of intelligence is due to genetics and environmental variables that are difficult to segregate. Psychologists often argue about the nature and the nurture of genetic variation fixes in the human behavior (Scarr and Richard 262). Some offer that genetic differences are negating to change in behavior. This belief has limitation since it fails to distinguish the environmental and the genetic sources of individual differences in behavior. In this case, one is not in a position to assess the impact of heredity in behavioral domains since all people have a gene complement expressed over development.
...

Analytical methods to evaluate seed dormancy in legumes

Abstract
Legumes are known to have multiple health benefits. The seed coat in particular contains a number of bioactive compounds which possess antioxidant activity. Of great interest is the relationship between the chemical composition of the seed coat and its role in seed dormancy. Modern technological approaches are currently used to further identify these compounds and determine their role in seed development; these include NRIS FTIR, mass spectroscopy, electron microscopy and chromatography. The following review describes the constituents of the legume seed coat and their respective roles in dormancy and other stages of seed development. The review also highlights ...

Where do Phobias come from?

Study conducted on mice showed that phobias are genetically transmitted from one generation to the next through chemical changes that occur in DNA or through experiences from ancestors. The study was conducted on mice, which were trained to fear cherry blossoms odour by use of electric shocks prior to breeding. The offsprings developed a fear of the cherry blossom odour in spite of never experiencing them proving that the experience can be transferred genetically to the offsprings.

Christmas: a Social Anxiety Minefield

Christmas can cause anxiety in people through worry about finances, potential drunkenness, and involvement in social events. The symptoms of this anxiety include ...

The main key points of the article are the evolutionary changes in a group of species caused by the thermal environment. The author’s primary goal is to identify whether different climate and temperature have a significant effect on the ecological speciation. In this article, the Plestiodon skiltonianus and P. gilberti species are taken as the example with which the further experiments are conducted. According to the article, in order to identify the effects of the climatic niche in this particular group, the authors use the quantitative research method. As a result, this kind of species becomes accustomed to ...

Overview

The wall street journal has over the years been a trusted center for business news and events, and this is a fact that cannot be brushed aside. A number of interesting business events are ever reported by the journal to the extent that insights and future developments are derived. In 2014, WSJ reported about a conflict between the farming industry in the United States and China (Bunge, 1). The gist of the matter was that China had refused the entry of GMO products into their market, stating that it would be injurious to their businesses and by the extent of their economy. ...

Description of Wheatley’s Essay

Margaret Wheatley’s Essay “Innovation Means Relying on Everyone’s Creativity” has two central points guiding a wealth of practical knowledge on organizational leadership gained through her experiences. The first is that organizations act in the same way as living organism. The whole of the organization can be seen as a species that will change according to alterations to environmental conditions. The second part of her thesis is “People only support what they create” (Wheatley, 2001). This means that in order to get support for new policies or changes to the organization, everyone within the organization must play a role in enacting ...

Introduction:

Living organisms are equipped with robust machinery for executing a myriad of tasks to meet the day to day biological challenges. This machinery in turn relies on one or more interconnected pathways or networks composed of nucleic acid, proteins and other essential constituents. To say, it is the precise function of these components which determines the physiological well being organisms. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinases is one such known component that performs diverse physiological roles through its associations with the molecular machinery.
mTOR is a protein that responds to metabolism and ageing, intercellular stress to growth regulation, growth factors ...

Sustainable development and business ethics are interrelated in many respects. Sustainable development is understood as a form of human development where resource use aims to ensure as human needs are met the natural systems and the environment is sustained. Business ethics on the other hand refers to the principles that govern the acceptable conduct in business organizations. Any business organization that has sober set principles can easily respect the legal procedures that govern the use of resources found in the natural systems and environment. Many states have ratified laws that protect and regulate the use of resources fostering economic growth ...

The article’s topic talks about ways in which multiple traits undergo adaptive evolution using multiple mutations at a single gene. This is an important topic because different scientists have been coming up with varying theories regarding adaptive evolution. For example, Darwin claimed that adaptation only happens in the presence of slight successive variations. In supporting Darwin’s idea, Fisher, a scientist asserted that mutations tend to be pleiotropic in nature thus causing varying effects in relating population. Therefore, the topic is essential in assessing the effect of mutations as well as their pleiotropic effect (Linnen, Poh, Peterson, Barrett, Larson, Jensen & ...

In the study published in the journal, Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers, researchers worked on the determination of distribution of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) phenotypes or alleles in Serbian patients having lung diseases. Researchers told that Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is an important inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, and its deficiency (A1ATD), which is a genetic risk factor, can result in early-onset emphysema (Topic et al., 2012). Research shows A1ATD is significantly associated with family history. Moreover, estimations showed that from 1% to 3% of patients having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are found to have A1ATD (Badawy, El Qarn, & Mohamadeen, 2013).
Researchers ...

Human intelligence, which is widely viewed nowadays in the variety of contexts and social situations, refers to the intellectual capabilities of individuals and takes into account a multiple attributes and influential factors. The information on the intelligence is usually gathered with the help of special tests developed with the help of interpersonal relations and contact. The concept of intelligence as such, as well as stereotypes and biases related to it, vary across cultures and societies, and modern scientific community criticizes the use of standard Intelligence Quotient(IQ) measure, because it cannot be effective in establishing valuable judgments, as it ...

Article 1: Risk Assessment’s New Era. Part1: Challenges for Industrial Hygiene

The article on “Risk Analysis” explains that risk analysis entails the combined activities of accessing, managing, and communicating human health risks. It appreciates that industrial hygiene now reflects changes in health risk assessment methodology and practice. Industrial hygienists can practice several emerging techniques as they enhance responses to risk assessment. The effect of enzymes that metabolize occupationally relevant toxicants. Genes vary from one person to another and examinations of genetic data can reduce the unit risk of substances such as dichlorolethane by a factor of more than 100 from previous risk assessments. The integration of genetic information into risk ...

This article provides a comprehensive review of the article by Lin (2002). This article addresses how media portrays racism and its influence to lifestyle and health. A sociological approach to the problem of racism is applied, arguing that the society needs to understand the different forms of racism, biological origin of racism, and its meaning in the society. Therefore, sociological concepts such as ethnocentrism, race, and ethnicity can vastly influence media’s perception on racism. The three concepts have different meanings, but are all related and can influence health practitioner’s ability to evaluate media’s coverage of racism issues. ...

Caffeine has been a favorite go-to substance of people who suffer from lethargy when waking up in the morning or staying late at night for work. In the article Caffeine Use Disorder: Widespread Health Problems that Needs More Attention the American University (2014) provides a logical argument on the negative side effects of caffeine. The institution also gives a fair warning to people that these effects can lead to very serious disorders if not addressed accordingly.
Several studies have reported the positive benefits of caffeine. Manufacturers have capitalized on the antioxidant properties (Ziaedini, Jafari and Zakeri, 2010) of the substance to ...

Every child goes through developmental stages. According to Kyla Boyse, RN (2013) in her article “Developmental Milestones, University of Michigan Health Systems, “Child development refers to how a child becomes able to do more complex things as they get older.” This process of development involves cognitive development, social and emotional development, speech and language development and learning and mastering fine motor skills. Between the ages of 6 to 12 a child is expected to have developed strong physical, emotional and mental abilities. Although all children are expected to go through the same developmental stages not all of them develop the same way ...

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Contemporary Issues in Public Health
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Introduction
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that is related to serious types of traumatic incidents in life. This disorder got special attention in 1980 and since then scientists are working on this problem. PTSD is one of those considerable public health issues that affect women more than men. It is also common in combat veterans and people who have experienced physical injuries. The U.S. population surveys show that lifetime PTSD prevalence rates range from 7% to 8%. Most important factors in the development ...

The DNA Dilemma: A Test That Could Change Your Life by Bonnie Rochman, TIME, December 24 2012

The article discusses whether it's both professional and ethical for genomics and genetics to release the DNA and fine chromosomal test results to their patients in full without considering the consequences. DNA results can truly change its life; it could mean breaking of a marriage, realization that death is killing slowly from within, acquiring funding to fight the illness, higher funding into research for a disease cure.
Some patient's results withheld while others are given in part to protect the patient interests. The practice has proven to be a dilemma for the society because both ways there are harder consequences. For ...

Technology has led to efficiency in the health care industry. This technology continues to expand due to high investment in research and development in health care. As the technology improves, so will there be more job opportunities for practitioners. New careers will materialize as people handle technology in affecting the health care (Fett, 2006). Technology has given a major boost in quickly gathering medical records since they can rely on the computer system. The computer system enables the review of patients’ records and scheduling of appointments as well as administration of treatment. There have been significant innovations in the field ...

Affiliated School;

Now read the titles and abstracts of the 14 articles in the attached file. Using criteria described in the Pyrczak's guide, answer the following questions:
1) Best title:

The best title is: Why Does Early Sexual Intercourse Predict Subsequent Maladjustment? Exploring Potential Familial Confounds

Explain why:
The first part of the title is a question that begs for an answer from the reader, the second part tells the reader what is the research is all about (Pyrczack, 2012). The research is based on the findings of another research that proved that early sexual intercourse indeed leads to maladjustments; the title covers that aspect by clearly indicating that. The research intends on exploring the familial ...

Affiliated School;

The article is; A MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF COMPLEX MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURES. Published in 1991, the authors are;
- ATCHLEY, W. R – He was the head of Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614
- HALL, B. K.- He was in the Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1
The purpose of the article is to show the complex morphological structure of a mammal, how it develops and changes with time due to evolution and the factor of adaptation for better survival. The model is based on the premise ...

Abstract

IFITM3, a protein induced by interferon, restricts reovirus infection in host cells and inhibits the viral replication. It affects the proper penetration of the virus by altering the dynamics of the viral uncoating in the endosomes. This study is the first in characterizing the anti-viral activity of IFITM3 on non enveloped viruses that depend on endosome for cellular entry.
Following contagion with a virus, the body triggers the release of a class of cytokines, interferons that are involved in first line of defense against infection. Type I interferons are specifically induced in the cells following insult with both DNA and RNA ...

ABSTRACT

Gender is not genetically or biologically inherited and there is therefore no ‘natural’ division in gender relation between men who will always be dominant while women are confined to the domestic sphere. Gender relations have been socially and politically constructed over time, and among present-day sociologists are generally considered a social institution. As an institution, it is also related to other institutions such as the family, the economy and the state, as well as to race, region and social class. It is not a fixed and unchanging institution, however, just as masculinity and femininity are not monolithic, but one that has ...

Article Documentation:

Laura M Koehly. Adolescent obesity and social networks.2009. Retrieved from; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2722403/

Briefly, State the Main Idea of this Article.

The article by Laura describes obesity as a chronic disease that is facing many people in the world. The major message that the author communicates to people reading the article is that obesity is caused by a combination of factors and specifically the interaction between biological factors and the environment one lives in. The aim of the article is to create awareness to the people on the causes of obesity so that the condition can be prevented where possible. The article argues that biological and environmental factors interact ...

Testing Drug Safety and Efficacy by Martin King

Article Summary

In this article, King, (2010), explores how general practice nurses (GPNs) and general practitioners (GPs) can work with CROs (Contract Research Organizations) and also how patients are selected in participation in clinical trials. The trend in patient treatment leans towards personalized treatment. This is because patients respond individually to treatment as a result of various factors like genetic make-up, status of disease, sex and age. Research processes are investigating the application of matching genetic makeup and drugs. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) ask patients for voluntary blood samples which are analyzed for drug responsiveness which are then matched with ...

Introduction

The article, “Genotyping and identification of mycobacteria by fingerprinting Techniques” by Khosravi and Seghatoleslami (2009) shows how fingerprinting can be used to identify mycobacteria in combating Tuberculosis (TB) which for a long time has been a serious health concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). Some of the techniques used in molecular epidemiology like MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping are described in the article.

Summary

The article has deeply illustrated the various ways of carrying out Genotyping of mycobacteria for carrying out epidemiological studies. It has also shown that through molecular typing of MTB the disease can be controlled. The study of the epidemiology ...