Exposure Article Reviews Samples For Students

Question 1The American Welding Society space recommendations

The American Welding Society which is normally abbreviated as AWS and has its headquarters in Doral, Florida is an organization dedicated to improving the safety of welding, cutting and hot works in the country and internationally. The organization makes publications in regard to procedures and codes that are up to date with the changing technological advancement. A confined space in a welding environment is described as an area with limited space and the entry and exit points may also be limited. A confined space may also mean an area with poor ventilation which may be hazardous to the people working ...

Abstract

In 1972, the United States government banned the use of DDT after the awful discovery of the effects of this insecticide on the environment. The United States government raised concerns over the toxicity of this insecticide stating that the concentration of the drug in animal tissues, thus end up harming the animals in the process. A report carried out on the issue indicates that this insecticide had contributed to the extinction of birds and the thinning of eggs. However, the WHO released a statement on the issue stating that DDT is a useful drug especially for the control of malaria. According ...

Industrial Hygiene

Article Review
ARTICLE REVIEW
Identification of the Primary Issue
The article is based upon the incident which took place on May 2000, in a popcorn manufacturing facility. The workers of the facility displayed respiratory issues and treatment showed development of bronchitis obliterans. The local health department set up an investigating because bronchitis obliterans is an uncommon respiratory problem and needed serious supervision. The case went into the hands of OSHA, they proved the disease to be a result of occupational exposure to Diacetyl. The cases interested many lawsuits after which several workers and law agents followed the safety precautions ...

Psychology

Exposure Therapy for Fear of Spiders in an Adult with Learning Disabilities: A Case Report
Introduction
Past research has shown that people with learning disabilities are prone to a higher extent of being susceptible to phobias of various types. Exposure therapy is a type of treatment for phobias, where subjects are repeatedly exposed to the thing they are afraid of till the latent fear subsides, primarily as a result of the subjects associating non-threatening cues with the objects creating phobias. Past research has depended upon behavioral indices to determine success, overlooking the fact that people with learning disabilities could ...

Frequency

In the context of advertising, frequency mainly connotes to the number of timers in which target consumers are exposed to advertising messages. Many at times, frequency tends to be confused with coverage. As such, there is the need to comprehend with the fact that these two concepts differ in that coverage mainly entails the proportion of target consumers that are exposed to an advertising message. According to Heflin & Haygood, 1985, advertisers should often focus on frequency because it determines the manner in which target consumers retain the messages contained in advertising media (s). Heflin & Haygood, 1985 further notes that ...

1.0 Introduction
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was first synthesized in 1874 and its insecticidal properties were discovered around 1939. It belongs to a group of chemicals referred to as organochlorine or chlorinated hydrocarbon. The chemical has since been used as an insecticide for a long time. It is crystalline, colorless, has a weak odor and, like other organochlorines, it’s hydrophobic with good solubility in most organic solvents, fats, and oils (lipophilic). The bio-magnification of DDT is attributed to its lipophilic property. It was widely used successfully used in the control typhus and malaria during the second half of the Second World War. ...

My Great-Great-Aunt Discovered Francium. And It Killed Her

The scientific discoveries that were made in the past were without any doubt full of risks and repercussions associated with the exposure to the radioactive materials that resulted in the damage to the bodies and over exposure to radiation led to the death of the researchers. Some researchers were enthusiastic about discoveries that they tend to ignore the long-term repercussions they may have to face due to their exposure to toxic materials, and Marguerite Perey was one of them. She mixed in different materials and ingredients and applied different theories without any care and concern regarding the contamination of ...

Ray WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, Hall K, Stein C. Prescription of Long-Acting Opioids and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Noncancer Pain. JAMA. 2016;315(22):2415-2423. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7789.

Prescription of Long-Acting Opioids and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Noncancer Pain
Wayne A. Ray, PhD1; Cecilia P. Chung, MD, MPH2; Katherine T. Murray, MD2,3; Kathi Hall, BS1; C. Michael Stein, MB, ChB2,3
[+] Author Affiliations
JAMA. 2016;315(22):2415-2423. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7789.

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Abstract
ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | CONCLUSIONS | ARTICLE INFORMATION | REFERENCES
Importance  Long-acting opioids increase the risk of unintentional overdose deaths but also may increase ...

Article 1: Risk Assessment’s New Era. Part1: Challenges for Industrial Hygiene

The article on “Risk Analysis” explains that risk analysis entails the combined activities of accessing, managing, and communicating human health risks. It appreciates that industrial hygiene now reflects changes in health risk assessment methodology and practice. Industrial hygienists can practice several emerging techniques as they enhance responses to risk assessment. The effect of enzymes that metabolize occupationally relevant toxicants. Genes vary from one person to another and examinations of genetic data can reduce the unit risk of substances such as dichlorolethane by a factor of more than 100 from previous risk assessments. The integration of genetic information into risk ...

Summary

Laveta Richardson, a mother, never thought that she would experience like those mothers seen on TV who grieve for their children’s loss to Chicago’s gun violence. On Thursday, Laveta Richardson was comforted by her relatives about the death of Venzel Richardson, age 14, the youngest among the siblings. Venzel was shot in West Woodlawn. According to the mother, her son Venzel was gone because there are people who do not have remorse and feelings. She cried hysterically said that her home would not be as before. Chicago police reported that Venzel, a freshman student at Dunbar High School had a ...

Critical period hypothesis is not a new concept in language acquisation, because Roberts and Lennberg introduced and followed it up in 1959 and 1967 respectively in the neurolinguistic literature. They hypothesized that the recovery of brain from serious illnesses like trauma would be hindered by the maturation of the brain as one ages. Further researches on the above speculation, particularly those conducted in the behavioral sciences revealed that all the measures of language proficiency varies with the maturation of brain, but the proficiency scores gets low as the persons age increases. For these reasons, the hypothesized biological based critical period ...

1. What is the role of private brands in a product portfolio dominated by national brands? Should a retailer like Migros attempts to change customer preferences in the direction of private brands, or simply stock what customers prefer to purchase?

Private brands in a product portfolio play several roles. Firstly, they help retailers to maximize profits, since private brands usually yield higher margins than national brands. Secondly, since they are offered only in specific stores, private brands help to differentiate product offering, to build customer loyalty and to attract more clients, thus increasing both the sales of private and national brands. The ...

Environmental issue

Introduction
Environmental Chemicals is one of the articles found in the Environmental Health Perspectives peer- reviewed professional journal. The article deals with the impacts of environmental chemicals to human health. This has been done through extensive bio monitoring programs, which have led to increased knowledge of human exposure to various chemicals found in the environment. The article reveals that low chemical doses can also be every dangerous to the life of human being.

Research problem

The main research problem is the effects of the environmental chemicals to human beings especially the vulnerable population such as the pregnant mothers and the ...

Research Question

At what age can people differentiate sounds based on phonetic category even when such distinctions are not present in their native language? At what age does speech perception become modified?

Summary

Werker and Tees conduct experiments to determine at what age people stop differentiating sounds of different phonetic categories without the influence of their native languages. Different researchers have shown that infants can differentiate a set of phonetic sounds (Werker and Tees 49). Their ability to do this is said to reduce when they are exposed to certain linguistic experiences. It is different for adults; they perceive only the sounds that ...

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Contemporary Issues in Public Health
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Introduction
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that is related to serious types of traumatic incidents in life. This disorder got special attention in 1980 and since then scientists are working on this problem. PTSD is one of those considerable public health issues that affect women more than men. It is also common in combat veterans and people who have experienced physical injuries. The U.S. population surveys show that lifetime PTSD prevalence rates range from 7% to 8%. Most important factors in the development ...

1. Findings
CDS market concentrated at counterparty’s levels, and less concentrated at the reference entity levels. This means the top ten active most traders account for 70% of the gross protection and less than 50% of total exposure. Secondly, the gross outstanding notional CDS amount on the EU reference utilities rose by roughly USD 1 trillion since 2010 summer rising to USD 4.6 trillion in 2012. The total net amount of protection equivalently sold on the reference utilities is around USD 500 billion. An aggregate approach is that the major traders sell CDS protection while smaller traders ...

Jones, M., Rona, R. J., Hooper, R., & Wesseley, S. (2006). The burden of psychological symptoms in UK Armed Forces. Occupational Medicine, 56(5), 322-328.
Jones, Margaret, et al. "The burden of psychological symptoms in UK Armed Forces." Occupational Medicine 56.5 (2006): 322-328.
The article compares to that of Foa, E. B., Steketee, G., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1989) whop try to find out the reason we have this issue among war veterans. It contrasts with the artcle by Kang, H. K., Natelson, B. H., Mahan, C. M., Lee, K. Y., & Murphy, F. M. (2003) who analyse a particular ...

Article Review

Executive summary
Since the 2008 recession—when financial instability resulted in the losses and insolvency of several banks and firms—there is an increased cautiousness about international investments and lending experiences in not just the emerging-market countries, but in any foreign soil. This article discusses the use of bonds by firms investing in international markets to avoid the adversities caused by exchange-rate fluctuations. While foreign-exchange risk is still being hedged by currency swaps and futures contracts, bonds in the local currency are being used increasingly by investing companies. They use the cash flow generated from the sales in ...

The article examines the social construct of the American society and the varying effects of stratified social classes. The author looks at the different experiences that children from both advantaged and disadvantaged families go through as early as the prenatal stages of their lives through to childhood and early adulthood. The article then analyzes the existing disparities that ultimately shape the destiny of these two categories of children.

Child growing up in advantaged family

An advantaged family provides quality prenatal care hence a child receives proper diet, less exposure to toxins and good neonatal health care (Furstenberg "Diverging development”). These positively impact on the cognitive ...

A study published in Current Psychiatric Reports in 2016 approached the topic of the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after incidences of trauma (Qi, Gevonden and Shalev). The link to the article is http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4723637/. PTSD as a result of various types of traumas may result in different levels of disability. As methods of recognition improve, the numbers of diagnosed PTSD sufferers continue to rise. Subsequently, the research exploring causes, prevention, and treatment has become the most widely addressed post-traumatic topic and has evolved into an actual PTSD psychopathology. However, treatment options remain inconsistent for application. The article by ...

Article Critique: Postpartum depression in mothers

FULL REFERENCE:
Kozhimannil, K. B., Trinacty, C. M., Busch, A. B., Huskamp, H. A., & Adams, A. S. (2011). Racial and ethnic disparities in postpartum depression care among low-income women. Psychiatric Services.

RESEARCH QUESTION:

Are there are racial or ethnic differences and disparities in the prevalence of postpartum depression among African American, Hispanic, Native American, and White women?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:

In the context that there exist significant knowledge and evidence gaps on other ethnic and racial groups in regard to the prevalence of post-partum depression, there is a high correlation between postpartum depression in low income African American women as compared to their White ...

In his article, Ibbotson (2010) investigates the impact of a long-term asset allocation policy on portfolio performance against that of active management with respect to security selection and market timing. The paper draws its inferences from reviewing existing literature on empirical studies examining the same. The issue of contention arises from conclusions made by Brinson, Hood, and Beebower (BHB, 1986) that asset allocation policy was responsible for more than 90% of the return variations of an average fund over time, with market timing and security selection playing minor roles. In contrast, the critics of the BHB model (e.g. Ibbotson ...

Effects of Deployment to Military Families

The impact of military deployment ranges from physical to mental health issues that have psychological consequences for the service members as well as their close and extended families.
Following massive deployment after September 11, 2001, many researchers have examined the effects of military deployment on military personnel and veterans. About 30% of deployed soldiers have been diagnosed with psychological symptoms such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, sleeping disorders, hyper-vigilance, and depression (Everson and Figley, 2011).
Exposure to combat and traumatic events, e.g. bombing, torture, murder and other extreme events that occur in a war result in high stress ...

Human intelligence, which is widely viewed nowadays in the variety of contexts and social situations, refers to the intellectual capabilities of individuals and takes into account a multiple attributes and influential factors. The information on the intelligence is usually gathered with the help of special tests developed with the help of interpersonal relations and contact. The concept of intelligence as such, as well as stereotypes and biases related to it, vary across cultures and societies, and modern scientific community criticizes the use of standard Intelligence Quotient(IQ) measure, because it cannot be effective in establishing valuable judgments, as it ...

Article Review

The article Developing Trauma Training for an Indigenous Community: Hopefully Not Seagulls is written by Gail Green concerning treatment of post traumatic disorders among the aboriginal communities in Australia. The article outlines an empirical model that directs individuals to identify trauma responses and various ways to treat the post-traumatic disorders. Green working with the organization Australian Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ASTS) seeks to progress in terms of knowledge, policies, and ethical standards promoting treatment of trauma. His model, Conservation of Resources theory, which outlines that, treating stress drains resources, insecurity due to threats and horror, and struggles to ...

A. Brief Overview of “Is Hooking Up bad for Young Women?”

Several authors look at the sex culture in today’s youths in comparison to the baby boomers. Jessica Valenti(2010) for instance argues that the problem with America today is not the casual sex as it is not new but the moral panic that exists. The mass media has driven sociologists and psychologists to investigate young hookups even more closely. Statistics by CDC and the NHSLS show that young adults today are having far less sex than the baby boomers. Hookups are not free for all as portrayed by the media but is rather a safe manoeuvre by young adults ...

Article Critiques

Article Critiques

The researchers of this study sought to examine the relationship between heavy drinking and the consequences on undergraduate females and their living environment. The four types of environments considered were: residential learning communities RLC) and non-residential learning communities and same sex and coed environments. The negative consequences young women experienced were described as hangovers, embarrassment, blackouts, missing class and sexual harassment (Boyd et al 2008).
This study is part of a long term longitudinal study. A random sample of 2,502 first year students was selected, representing both RLC and non RLC environments and single sex or ...

Evans, J.L., Saffran, J.R., & Robe-Torres, K. (2009)

A Review
Abstract
This is a review of the study “Statistical Learning in Children with Specific Language Impairment” by Julia L. Evans, Jenny R. Saffran, and Kathryn Robe-Torres. The study examines children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) upon following key factors; understanding of speech and sound; amount of exposure to sound; whether it is specific to a particular topic or general; and effects of vocabulary. The study employed practical observation using different sound records to determine the above mentioned factors in children with SLI of different age groups, and children without SLI ...

Connective tissue growth factor induces collagen I expression in human lung fibroblasts through the Rac1/MLK3/JNK/AP-1 pathway

Many lung inflammatory diseases present pulmonary fibrosis as one of the symptoms, which is characterized by shortness of breath, chronic coughing and discomfort in the chest. It causes modifications of the lung tissues due to overgrowth, hardening and scarring. This occurs mainly due to deposition of collagen, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, whose turnover is regulated by fibroblast. Fibroblast is an important cell regulator that is enlisted by a site of injury. This process is driven by release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8/CXCL8.
Previously, fibroblast was thought to express no or very ...

The pressure of atmospheric oxygen decreases gradually as barometric pressure drops with increasing altitude. The ability to perform work, such as walking and climbing belittles with the decreased availability of oxygen in the atmosphere for aerobic respiration. The Mount Everest is the highest peak on the earth with an altitude of 8848 meters. At such a higher altitude, the partial pressure of inspired oxygen or PIO2 reaches the limit at which humans can maintain body functions, such as cognition and ambulation. In 1953, Hillary and Tenzing used supplemental oxygen while climbing the Everest. It was only 25 years later that ...

ARTICLE 1

In “Parental predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption in treatment-seeking overweight children” M L Vanhala, J Laitinen, K Kaikkonen, S Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, and R Korpelainen explored the role of family dietary behaviors in the design intervention of the effective treatment of childhood obesity. The study involved fifty-four treatment seeking overweight and 65 normal-weight 8-year old kids and their parents. The study accessed the children’s and parents consumption of FBV using a food frequency questionnaire. The study used voluntary recruitment mechanism where willing participants were recruited by school nurses to participate in family-based treatment for overweight kids. The cities target includes ...

Mammography Adherence: A Qualitative Study (Watson-Johnson et al., 2011).
Mammography is a procedure that entails using radiation for early detection of breast cancer in women to facilitate proper management after diagnosis. Despite its proven efficacy in reducing breast cancer-related deaths and a pronounced increase in its use among women between 1987 and 2000, a sharp decline has been noticed in adherence to its continued use. Watson-John et al. in this study aims at uncovering the cause of this sharp decline in usage of mammography by various categories of women who have used it in the past.
In designing the methodology ...

Article Reviews

Mayer, J., Wilson, R., and M. Hazlewood. “Personal Intelligence Expressed: A Multiple Case Study of Business Leaders.” Imagination, Cognition and Personality 30(2): 201-224.

Summary

This article acknowledges the wealth of intelligences that can lead to success in many different areas of life, focusing on the ways in which personal intelligence (PI) can influence life expressions. Defined as “the capacity to reason about personality and to use personality and personal information to enhance one’s thoughts, plans and life experience,” PI can increase one’s interest in one’s own personality, and the personalities of others, inspire the creation ...

Generally, it is known that mothers are responsible for offering life support to the unborn baby. However, there are various things that influence the health of the baby that arise from the father. Most of the effects to the unborn baby that arise from the father are biological. That is from the genetic point of view.
Then again, the article states that men have been receiving advice from doctors which instruct them to avoid smoking and drinking prior to sex because there is a high likelihood of these two aspects lowering the quality of their sperm. The toxins that ...

There have been discussions from various sets of people on the possibilities on whether media violence causes aggression or not. This has been a topic that has been covered by researchers, psychologists, media pundits and other scholars on trying to determine the extent that media violence has on the aggression of people. Some people agree with the fact that media violence has a direct influence on the amount of aggression that people possess. They believe that media violence is the cause of aggressive and violent behavior. This has been supported by some of the facts that they possess from various researches ...

Thong, Haw-Yueh, and Howard I. Maibach. "Global Warming And Its Dermatologic Implications." International Journal of Dermatology 47 (2008): 522-524. Print

Written by Haw-Yueh Thong and Howard I. Maibach, the article ‘Global Warming and its Dermatologic Implications,’ seeks to demystify the topic of global warming and how it relates to dermatology. The article begins by identifying scientific claims of the role of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrous oxide in increasing global temperatures and leading to general climatic shifts. The article outlines its presentation under three major areas; ‘Global warming and the UV exposure of human ...

Effective strategic planning not only carries a company toward an objective, it anticipates changes in the External Environment, and positions a company to adapt. What are some of the changes Yahoo! may be anticipating?

Strategic planning requires a company to consider not only their internal strengths and weaknesses, but also to address the changes in the in the external environment. Firstly, Yahoo! anticipates that buyers will demand more integrated solutions and require more localized information. That is why Yahoo! is attempting to go into additional areas and to expand its offering. Moreover, the company is predicting a change in user demographics, thus targeting ...

Unitary tract infection is one of the most common and complicated diseases facing the male segment of the paraplegic population (Hiros, Sadovic & Cavaljuga, 2011). This is according to a research carried out to establish the unitary tract infections of male paraplegic population in relation to different ways of bladder drainage. The research had strengths and weaknesses that either worked in favor or against the outcomes.

The use of cross-sectional study to carry out the survey was vital in the overall success of the research. This is because unitary tract infections are acute conditions affecting the paraplegic male population. Thus ...

As the world becomes more competitive and complex, creativity becomes the most essential skill for gaining the competitive advantage. It is therefore important to find out ways of boosting creativity of individuals, and Kreamer has done exactly that. The suggestions in the article can greatly help boost creativity.
For creativity to be realized, the environment must be conducive. Reducing the stress, getting out of the office and into unfamiliar environments, and letting your mind wander, are ways of realizing a conducive environment for creativity. Stress is identified as one of the factors that affect creativity. By reducing stress and ...

Article Review

Introduction
Smoking is the most common drug dependence during pregnancy, and it is associated with a plethora of problems, which may encompass; fetal growth retardation, premature delivery, and low birth weight. In light with this, maternal smoking is not only harmful during pregnancy, but has a long term impact on the baby after birth. Over the decades, public health officials and the government have been in the fore front in the pursuit to control or correct the issue of smoking during pregnancy. Moreover, different medical researches on smoking during pregnancy have been carried out, and they have contributed monumentally to ...