Gravity Research Papers Samples For Students

America disposes waste by treating sewage. Treatment of sewage involves the separation of waste water from contaminants. Chemical, physical, and biological processes are used in the treatment of sewage. Sewage treatment is performed so as to create a safe environment. Effluent is treated so as to avoid streams of unsafe sewage in the environment. The solid waste is also treated so as to make it possible to reuse it as fertilizer or to enable safe disposal. Sewage treatment is carried out in the US by sewage disposal factories. Some of these sewage disposal factories include Stickney Water Reclamation Plant, Deer ...

Scientific developments in the early centuries were started by Galileo and Aristotle. The Galileo’s scientific contribution to this world is helping today’s modern science. Galileo’s contribution to the scientific world starts with heliocentric theory. One of the most famous inventions of Galileo is the “Heliocentric Model of the Solar System”. Galileo proposed and proved the concept demonstrated by Nicolas Copernicus. Nicolas Copernicus proposed a theory, which says that the sun is at the center of our solar system and the entire planets move around the sun. Heliocentric theory is considered the great contributions to modern science. Galileo ...

Posture analysis can be referred to as an evaluation of person's posture in search of signs of injuries, and poor habits of posture that can result in trauma in the future. In a set up of a clinic, such evaluations of a patient can be important for determination of the sources of postural strain as well as development of a suitable program of treatment. This technique may as well be applied for things such as assisting a person grow a more ergonomic workspace, right athletic shoes, and so on (Toronto Chiropracter, 2013).
There has been carried out an extensive study on human posture in ...

- Yes. It will be in its flammable range to ignite since 7.8% lies within the flammable range of alcohol which is 3.3% to 19%.
- The vapor density of alcohol in air will rise since it is less dense than air.
- Since ethanol is less dense than water, it will form an upper layer on top of water and will continue to burn.( Doolittle, A. 658).
- If heat is added to the ethanol, the vapor pressure will rise since there will be an additional energy to drive the molecules.
- The material ...

The hydrometer is a device used in the direct evaluation of the specific gravity of a particular liquid. The hydrometer was invented by Antoine Baume, chemistry professor at Ecole de Pharmacie in the year 1768. Baumie invented two hydrometers; one measuring fluid denser than water and the other one for liquids less dense than water. The hydrometer is usually made of a thin glass tube which closed at both ends (Holmes, p.156). One of the ends is distended into a bulb which contains mercury or fine lead shot which enables the device to uprightly float in a fluid. The glass tube has a scale calibrated ...

1. Introduction
The electrical energy is generated to bring some development to the world. The electrical energy lights the world during night time. People can do their work even during night time without any disturbance because the electrical energy replaces the sun during night time. The energy is neither be created nor be destroyed. The electrical energy is generated by converting other form of energy. Generally mechanical energy is converted in to electrical energy. The electrical energy is generated by different methods; say hydro thermal energy generation, diesel power generation, gas power generation, and nuclear power generation. The ...

In aeronautics, the static stability of an aircraft is highly dependent on the neutral point and the center of gravity of the craft. The general concept of moments is applied since the tippling off of the craft usually applies the principle of moments (free-online-private-pilot-ground-school.com).
The center of gravity has the greatest effect on the flight of any aircraft including missiles. The main aspect to consider in any case is the distance between the neutral point of aircraft and its neutral point and the distance between the missile centre of gravity and its neutral pressure point (free-online-private-pilot-ground-school.com). This shows ...

Introduction

A black hole is a region in space-time, the gravitational attraction which is so large that it can not leave even objects moving at the speed of light, including photons of light itself. The boundary of this region is called the event horizon, and its characteristic dimension - the gravitational radius. In the simplest case of a spherically symmetric black hole Schwarzschild radius is equal to it.
Theoretically, the possible existence of such regions of space-time should be of some exact solutions of Einstein's equations, the first of which was obtained by Karl Schwarzschild in 1915. The exact inventor of ...

Introduction

A brief history of space travel
In many ways the todays advances in space travel came into fruition by accident. During World War II the Nazi’s create and implement rockets as weapons against the British. These rockets flew over 3,500 miles per hour and had an arch of 60 miles high. (A Brief History, n.d). Following WWII, the Soviet Union began creating their own missile program (A Brief History, n.d). By 1957 the Soviet Union had launched Sputnik 1, the first satellite into space. They followed this up four years later by having Russian Lieutenant Yuri Gagarin ...

Introduction

The subject about time and how time travels is really very fascinating. What is time? What is time travel? Is time travel really possible? We naturally know what time is since we sense it every day but we cannot seem to completely define it. The question of time travel is also very hard to answer. A deeper question is to ask if time is real. Another is to know if time just moves into one direction only. Does time have a beginning or an end? Up to now, we have never truly answered these questions with great satisfaction. By merely ...

Juvenile waivers involve a situation when a juvenile is transferred to an adult court and hence tried as an adult. This means that the juvenile is tried absent of all the protections offered to juveniles in the juvenile court. This may have very impactful effects on the life of the juvenile. A good example is that juvenile records are not a permanent stain on the juvenile’s life. These records are sealed the moment the juvenile turns 18. However, proceedings and outcomes in an adult court are a more permanent record. Irrespective of the age of the juvenile during the time, their case ...

Abstract

The Altar basin found in the north western Sonora of Mexico, is a known subsidiary basin forming the present inactive part of the Colorado River delta. The sedimentary records of this basin show how the delta upgraded over a late Miocene. A structurally distinct aquatic basin at the northern end of the Gulf of California is found. Our interpretation of outcrop data, and information from exploratory wells, as well as analog seismic lines of Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), and magnetic and gravity explorations from various sources pointed to the existence of three sedimentary sequences, which can be related at regional scale ...

Introduction

Over years, engineers strive to construct structures that have conventional designs and are capable of fulfilling the designed jobs effectively and safely. Even with all these design factors adhered to, accidents and unexpected loads caused by things like earthquakes, explosions, tornados, moving machine impacts and many other things make a well constructed building suffer damages. Because of such unforeseen accidents and abnormal loads are capable of causing many damage and loss of lives, engineers should provide an effective structural integrity to structures. Structural integrity could be achieved through proper judgment and sharing of ideas and opinions on how to come ...

Isaac Newton also called the father of all science has vastly influenced the science world greatly. He came up with theories and advancements in science that have been used since then to solve problems of the modern day science. His discoveries and theories have had an effect on the fields of mathematics, mechanics, optics, astronomy, alchemy, experimental chemistry, and theology.

Mathematics

Newton at a time worked in Cambridge as a mathematics professor. It was when he was at Cambridge that he came up with calculus which was a new mathematics field. Newton came up with infinitesimal calculus to be exact with whom he ...

Theories of Behaviorism and Operant Condition or Learning

Theories of behaviorism relate to principles that seek to explicate behavior in terms of overt or observable actions and responses. Behaviorism is essentially defined by the theories proposed by John Watson and B.F. Skinner, which highlight the stimulus and response mechanism as a way to observe and understand human behavior. Behaviorism highly values observable behavior because it is a manifestation of internal behavior that is measurable and may easily be recorded (Nevid, 2012). Behaviorists such as Watson and Skinner argue that the observable and measurable nature of overt behavior makes it an essential and reliable gauge of human behavior. Watson is ...

Abstract

The Segovia aqueduct is one of the most exceptional displays of roman hydraulic engineering to date. Constructed using masonry stones and with no mortar, the aqueduct has survived centuries and had been in use until mid-20th century when it stopped being used. Engineers today are applying some of the knowledge they learn from to develop stable structures. However, to develop such a structure in modern day a lot of work, engineering computations, machinery and skill are required.

Introduction
The Roman culture at the time involved owning slaves. The slaves included Greeks who were captured as the Romans invaded Greek lands. ...

A condition affecting the system of veins in legs with venous hypertension resulting in different pathologies that involve swelling, ulcerations, pain, skin changes, and edema is called chronic venous insufficiency (Eberhardt and Raffetto, 2005).
It is necessary to understand normal venous function and anatomy to analyze the venous insufficiencies pathology. The peripheral venous system serves as a conduit returns blood into the heart and as a reservoir where blood is stored. Appropriate operation of the peripheral venous system is dependent on a series of muscle pumps and valves (Eberhardt and Raffetto, 2005). Blood entering the venous system of lower extremities has ...

The major source of water in Troy is ground water, also referred to as well water, which is stored below the ground surface in large deposits. The water percolates to the surface where it is harvested. This water, however, might not be fit for human consumption, therefore, monitors on the physical and chemical compositions, and bacterial contaminants are necessary in order to ensure quality (Bungay 23-40).
The development of the Troy Water Supply System started in the early years of 1800’s. During these early stages of the project, spring water was supplied through wooden pipes. This was a ...

In 1905, Einstein determined that the laws of physics apply in the same manner to all non-accelerating observers. He also determined that the speed of light in a vacuum was not dependent on the motion of all observers. Einstein called this, the law of special relativity. This theory introduced a new framework for physics by proposing new concepts of time and space. Einstein argued that the time-space around the earth could not only be distorted but also twisted due to the planet’s rotation (Einstein, 1950). Newton quantified the force between two objects (gravity) by his three laws of motion. In ...

Since man came into existence, the existence of a supreme being (God) to whom man should pay allegiance has remained a mystery. As such the existence of God has been studied by numerous theologians, philosophers, scientists among others in an attempt to address controversies on the issue. Some of the main arguments put across for Gods existence include: the teleological argument, the moral argument, the ontological argument and the cosmological argument.

Each of the arguments tries to provide some reasoning as to the existence of God. According to Peterson et al (12), the moral argument is based on the appeal that ...

Black holes are space zones in the universe that are dark in nature and possess natural forces of attraction that have a very high gravity. This implies that they are able to attract and pull anything including light at a very high speed. This explains the origin of the name, Black hole. Several myths have been generated in many attempts to try and explain what a black hole is and Hollywood is at the forefront of it. Movies from Hollywood portray black holes as time physical entrances to tunnels that if one goes through, he can either move back or fourth in ...

Introduction

The issue of trying teens who commit crimes has been subject to debate for several years. It is important to note that the criminal behavior is shown by warrants severe punishments or at least being held responsible. The question as to whether the teen should be tried in the courts like adults who commit a similar crime still elicits divergent reaction and opinion. Proponents of leniency on teens argue that they should always be offered a new lease of life to correct their behavior as such change their criminal mannerism (Bechtold et al. 126). However, such statements are a ...

Question 1

Virgin Galactic is the first space line in the world that owns and runs privately built spaceships. The company plans to be the pioneer in commercializing space travel and offering ordinary people a unique opportunity of going into history as the first ever non-professional astronauts. Its main competitor is the Blue Origin, which has already attained a spectacular achievement in pioneering the first rocket booster to make a safe trip back to earth from space (The Economist, 2015). Virgin Galactic plans to use its massive resources and synergistic effects from the Virgin Group umbrella to beat its competitor in ...

Aircraft control surfaces are components of an aircraft used to control an aircraft. Normally, the control surfaces are movable parts in the plane wings and the tail. The surfaces help the pilot adjust attitude or plane orientation by creating differential pressure on different parts of the aircraft. The difference is pressure produces a force which then acts on the plane to produce the desired effect. Control surfaces employ the principle of lift just like the wings but in different directions. The lift forces produced by a control surface can act independently or in combination with a force from another ...

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fundamental idea about the phenomenon of Supernovae and their significance in understanding the nature of our universe. This paper shall be trying to make an in-depth analysis of different types of supernovae that had been observed in universe and also the factors that cause them. Even though the paper does not go deeper into the technical aspects of observing supernovae and the characteristics of their each type, a significant amount of study has been conducted to make an understanding of how they are observed and the characteristics that make each ...

“The Things They Carried” seems like a simple story concerning the items carried by soldiers while in Vietnam. But in the real sense, Tim O’Brien uses the stories to focus on the terrible conditions of Vietnam as well as the death of one soldier. He believed that the things men carried inside, and those they did or the ones they felt they had to do was so sad (O’Brien 57). It can be described as a powerful meditation by the Vietnam soldiers that is somehow fictional and fact. Besides, the author created a protagonist as a fictional ...

In the case of Oregon v. Guzek, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the eighth amendment to the U.S constitution does not warrant the accused in a criminal trial the right to present evidence during the verdict stage that had not been presented in the trial stage (Americabar.org). The ruling had the impact of extending the jurisprudence to individual state courts that had prior to the ruling been allowed to make an individual determination concerning the introduction of mitigating evidence during the sentencing stage (Knowmyrights.org). The ruling of the case had implications not only for the ...

Introduction:

Rice has always been a staple crop in various nations worldwide, where most of the population around the world feed on it every day. Rice is also one of the top GHG contributory staple crop that exceeds that of the maize and wheat production (Linquist et al, 2012). Today, the environmental sustainability has made an impact to many sectors, especially the agricultural production. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been innovated to serve as one of the primary tools in the integral assessment for the environmental impacts of the production of various agricultural products that includes rice. The agricultural ...

[Institution Title]

Introduction

In an investigation conducted by the FBI, Joe, a 64-year-old Caucasian male was arrested for possession of child pornography after his name and credit card information was traced to a website that featured hardcore child pornography. During the search of his house, the FBI agents found several pictures and video clippings involving children engaging in different kinds of sexual activities. Since he was positively identified and evidences were also found in his house he was brought to court and was trialed for sexual offense. During the deliberation of his case, Joe was recommended to undergo a Sex Offender Evaluation to ...

The Harlem renaissance is a cultural and artistic movement that changed the nature of African American literature and experience. The poetry of the movement was imbued with personal and third party political and social experiences. There is a raging debate on whether the movement was one of social and political propaganda or that of just the development of art. This paper builds on Du Bois’ assertion that all art is propaganda and should be treated as such. It also explores the claim that the movement was partly a modernist exploit that was aiming at creating a new form of art unique to the ...

Introduction

A supernova is coined by some astronomers as the brilliant destruction of a star, and rightfully so because of the highly complex activities that resulted to the final outburst of the of the celestial body. While the typical explanation of a star explosion is a change in its core or the excessive absorption of massive matter from another star, it took years of study for astronomers to finally present it that way. It is stimulating to note that the study of supernova dated back to ancient China, the oldest known record was shortlisted from thousands of supposed supernovae. The supernova SN 185 ...

Heated hose pipes are the pipes that offer constant water supply in freezing temperatures. Mostly, they are built and designed to fit personal equipment, structure and requirements. Mainly, they are made up of thermostat switches. As temperature approaches freezing zones, the heat from the heaters keeps the water flowing if need arises. Mainly, the heating element used is copper wire. It’s mainly inside the hose pipeline. It mainly regulates the water flow by turning on and off the heater. The element is usually 50 feet long as it runs with the hose pipe. The length and diameter plays ...

Exoskeleton is a device designed to increase human muscle strength due to external skeleton. It replicates human biomechanics to scale up efforts in movements and can be integrated into a suit. Actual working models are now developed in Japan and the United States.
The first exoskeleton was co-developed by the General Electric and the United States military in the '60s, and was called Hardiman (Kong and Jeon, 2006). It could lift up to 110kg with a force applied at the lifting of 4.5 kg. However, it was impractical because of its considerable weight up to 680kg. The project was not successful. ...

The musculoskeletal system is responsible for all body movements. The skeletal component of the muscular system provides a structural framework for the body, which protects the internal organs and provides the shape for the body. It acts as the storage for calcium and phosphorus and plays a part in mineral homeostasis(Davidson, 2002)

Functions of the skeletal system(Haywood, 2008)

The role of the skeletal system can be classified into five categories: protection, structural support, movement, mineral and chemical storage and blood cell production.
- Protection: The strong material that makes up bones protect the internal tissues and organs of the body like the brain, ears, eyes, spine, ...

Care Approach

Context of the Problem
According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) (2014), the US is projected to face a shortage of nurses, which will intensify as baby boomers begin to age, making the need for healthcare to grow. This shortage is expected to grow and spread across the US from 2009 to 2030, despite recessions when jobs are normally few. One of the factors that will contribute to the shortage is the recurring problem of nurse turnover. It has been noted that there have been a problem in healthcare organization’s retention focuses to prevent nurse turnover ...

Introduction

Interrogations and confession are an integral part of the investigative process. It is through the interrogation process that law enforcement officers get their confession. However, there have been claims that there is a greater focus on getting a confession that the truth of the matter is overlooked. This, among other reasons has led to a proliferation of false confessions gotten through different approaches. The gravity of this phenomenon can be illustrated by the statistics on false confessions, or outcomes resulting from false confessions. Gudjonsson et al., (2007), carried out a study to determine the relationship between reported adverse events in life, such as ...

References 13

Abstract
The focal purpose of the Voyager Interstellar Mission has been to broaden the NASA exploration of the solar system further than the quarter of the outer planets and extend to the limits of the sphere of influence on the sun and even beyond. This expansive mission has been continued to characterize the environment of the outer solar system and has also assisted in search for heliopause boundary i.e. the outward flow of solar wind and the outer limits of solar magnetic field. Heliopause boundary penetration between the interstellar medium and the solar wind allows in measuring interstellar ...

Majority of world birds use flight as their main means of locomotion. Flight is the only way that birds use to many the dynamics of its environment. Flight is in the help of birds in breeding, avoiding predators and feeding. The mechanics behind flights in birds is a complex mechanism, which involves various adaptations that and the utilization of wings by birds. The whole process of birds’ locomotion, hovering and landing is a unique mechanism that birds are adapted to facilitate their living. The basic mechanics of birds include lift, Drag, Gliding, Flapping and wing.

Lift

The flowing of air in the ...

a juvenile’s experience in the juvenile justice system?

Introduction

On any ordinary day, an estimated 81,000 children (263 out of every 100,000 youths ages 10 through the state’s upper age of original juvenile court jurisdiction in the overall population) are contained in a juvenile justice residential placement (Children’s Defense Fund, 2012). To add, about 7,560 children are contained in adult jails and 2,778 in adult prisons (Children’s Defense Fund, 2012). This is a risky very condition.
As reported in the 2007 National Prison Rape Elimination Act Commission, juveniles are at the highest risk of ...

Badi'al-Zaman Abū al-'Izz ibn Ismā'īl ibn al-Razāz al-Jazarī or simply al-Jazari – was an outstanding engineer and inventor, mathematician, astronomer of the Islamic Renaissance who lived (1136–1206) during the reign of the Turkish Artuquid Dynasty. In Arabic Islamic sources he is named literally as a “Kurdish inventor Ismail, the son of Rezzaza from Jazeera” alongside with a name of “Man of Honor”. Al-Jazari gained world fame generations ahead as an inventor of strange mechanisms that advanced far beyond the XII-XIII centuries during which he lived and made great scientific discoveries, but personally he was "more interested in the ...

Foundation of modern cosmology

Cosmology being the study of the universe has been changing over the years to what we currently view it as. Modern cosmology has been founded on the works of various principals who have studied astrology over time and during different eras.
The ancient European medieval and ancient Greeks believed the earth to be the at the universe’s center. They believed that the moon, planets, and sun were orbiting the earth. This idea was believed by many including the Catholic Church who in fact influenced people of their religion to believe so. The Catholic Church banned anybody from ...

No one has ever seen a black hole with their own eyes but everyone has heard about black holes. New technology for making telescopes has helped scientists learn more details about black holes but the principles of physics give us our basic understanding.
When a massive star dies the type of black hole formed is a stellar black hole. The star caves in on itself when it dies forming a black hole. (Figure 1) When a star with a huge mass dies, part of the start explodes into space – that is a supernova. The area of a black hole is small because the dead star’s ...

Philosophy of Forgiveness

1. Write one page on forgiveness. If you are Simon, do you forgive the Nazi? Do you think he was right to remain silent and let the soldier die in agony without forgiveness? Are there limits to forgiveness? Or is it limitless? What do you suspect Jesus would do? How about Nietzsche?
For Simon Wiesenthal, “When history looks back, I want people to know the Nazis weren’t able to kill millions of people and get away with it” (Wiesenthal.com). Forgiveness is called by many names: benignity, condonation, exculpation, kindness, mercifulness and pardon. It is a willed change of ...

Abstract

Juvenile judiciary system was established in early 1900s. The system has been in place since then. However, the impacts of the juvenile judiciary systems have recently raise a lot of concerns. Some consider it as a poor option that should be abolished so that every citizen faces the full strength of law. Whereas others look at it as the second chance that the adolescents need to become responsible citizens. Indeed failing to punish the juvenile offenders is a contest that is yet to be won, but owing to its many flows, I coincide with the opponents of the juvenile judiciary system. It ...

Juvenile delinquency essentially refers to the crimes committed by persons who have not attained the age of the majority. The age of the majority in most legal jurisdictions is eighteen years. In legal parlance, criminal liability refers to the liability that accrues as a consequence of one’s action or omission. The liability as such occasions the incurrence of the blame for a particular result. In criminology, a person of sound mind and having attained the age of the majority will bear the criminal liability for any crime committed through the direct commission or omission of his actions. The law, however, applies ...

Problems arising from the discussion between the Chief of Police and the Patrol Department

Communication between the chief of police and the patrol department is a classic example of horizontal communication. It essentially entails the communication between superiors to their juniors and vice versa. As such, the communication could be faced with a number of problems. The need for the juniors to demonstrate respect and obedience for their superiors essentially disallows them from freely expressing themselves. In the police structure and organization, commands and orders ought to be taken unchallenged. This limits the extent to which the patrol department can challenge or question the communication from then police chief. In addition, the police chief, like ...

Abstract

Children’s knowledge of earth possesses the potential to unravel their understanding of scientific concepts in the young age. Researchers have claimed that children prepare earth’s mental models which are coherent in nature. However, the understanding of earth of children is related to their age as has been indicated in recent research and the older children demonstrate improved understanding of the spherical shape of earth whereas younger children believes earth to be disc shaped. This study establishes this fact by testing 214 children, out of which 107 were of age group 5 to 6 and 107 were of ...

Abstract

Children’s knowledge of earth has the potential to shed light on their understanding of scientific concepts in the young age. Researchers have claimed that children construct mental models of earth which are coherent in nature. However, the understanding of earth of children is related to their age as has been indicated in recent research and the older children demonstrate better understanding of the spherical shape of earth whereas younger children believes earth to be disc shaped. This study establishes this fact by testing 214 children, out of which 107 are younger (5 to 6 years in age) and ...