Formation Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Introduction

Smith and Dawn realized that there has been an increasing trend in the development of social movements in the world. Citizens of a country, with the same agenda or grievances were coming together to develop movements into which they will use to air their views either in protests or insurgencies. Studies reveal that there has been the development of different kind of movements, for example gay, students and political movements (Swindler, n.d.). Due to the increasing trend in the formation of these movements, scientist and researchers have tried to come up with explanations on what are the main influences of ...

Alexander the great is treated as one of the world’s most experienced war geniuses. He fought several battles in his lifetime which exhibited a great deal of expertise, ingenuity and tactical understanding in war (Ruth, 4).
In this paper, I will explore in detail two of his most remembered wars: his conquest over the Persian Empire which had posed a threat to his kingdom and the famous war with the Indian king, the wars that were his first and last big wars with a lot of expertise. The paper also analyses the source of expertise for this war lord who ...

Hasan Comert in his study The Impacts of the Global Crisis on the Turkish Economy and Policy Responses (2014) conducts the evaluation of the global crisis of 2008 over the development of Turkish economy. With start of the crisis in the USA, the economy of Turkey became the subject of tremendous fall and recession. In terms of the influence of the crisis over the consumer behavior and attitudes, their expenditure has been decreased in significant volumes in the second half of 2008. First of all, the consumers in Turkey were not confident in the ability of the government to ...

Abstract

Studies in mechanics have evolved to be the most fundamental tool in the innovation of new materials and advanced technology. Specifically, studies in Continuum Mechanics, has been very influential in producing materials that exhibit various desirable characteristics at the expense of size and weight. Nanotubes are a perfect example of how this study has impacted the evolution in material technology. It has been used as the basis for the explanation of these complex materials as well as provisions for their behavioral effects during machining. The wide use of nanotubes in fragile fields like technical textile supplements, truly depict the stretchy ...

Introduction

Bacteria are the very first life forms in the history of our planet. Since the beginning they were exposed to extreme changes of temperature, pressure, pH and nutrients; hence, to survive, they had to adapt themselves. One strategy of survival is to go into suspension or dormancy, by converting themselves into a seed form or spores. When conditions become normal, these spores germinate back to vegetative form. This property is also seen in pathogenic bacteria that infect higher animals such as humans. One such group of bacteria is from the Genus Bacillus.When exposed to stress, these bacteria go into dormancy ...

In the process of wound healing, angiogenesis is also known as neovascularization. The process commences in lined with the proliferation of the fibroblast when the endothelial cells mover towards the wound site. Oxygen and other nutrients are required for the formation of epithelial cells and the activity of fibroblasts. In comparison to the fibroblast and epidermal mitigation, angiogenesis is crucial for other stages of wound healing. The process of angiogenesis is complex and occurs in the following stages:
Latent period: In this stage, vasodilation and premeabilisation are known to permit leukocyte extravasation during the haemostatic and inflammatory phase. Decontamination ...

Abstract

Human resources are one of the most basic things that keep any organizations’ operations running. Without laborers, everything would be hardly possible. A poorly planned and executed labor development plan would most likely lead to poor labor practices, which would of course affect basically all human resource or labor dependent operation in the organization. More often than not, poor labor and relation development practices lead to significantly impaired productivity levels, which are some of the last things that any manager would want. Knowing the current best practices in the field of labor and relations development is therefore crucial both ...

Abstract

Microscopic analysis of materials is generally complex; hence engineers always look for alternative methods of analysis, by appropriate modelling. In specific, studying the damage of materials is important in almost every discipline of science/engineering/technology. Material damage includes the beginning, advancement and fracture of materials. The most important tool so far, used to analyze this damage, is called damage mechanics which relies heavily on continuum mechanics. It encompasses useful theories for the representation, modelling, and analysis of material damage. Broadly speaking, damage mechanics utilizes state variables to show the effects of damage. For instance, the variations in stiffness, and the ...

Discussion of the Dynamics of Endoplasmic Reticulum And Mitochondria

Introduction
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) of an organism forms an interconnected membrane network that extends from the outermost nuclear to the periphery cell wall. Mitochondria are a group of cell organelles that undergo fusion and fission at a constant rate. . In plants, daily regulation of energy is important for optimal growth thus mitochondria are important for integral regulation of the cellular responses for the survival of the plant. . In this paper, we are going to discuss the dynamics of ER and the mitochondria in plants by looking at the importance of Lat.B, AA and MV regulation energy in treated and ...

Lehn defines the concept of Supramolecular chemistry as 'chemistry beyond the molecule'; chemistry of the intermolecular bond that includes the functions and structures of the entities resulting from the bonding between multiple chemical species. According to Vogtle and Alfter (1991), supramolecular chemistry, contrary to molecular chemistry, is based on intermolecular bonding or interactions, while the later is predominantly based on the covalent bonding of atoms. In other words, supramolecular chemistry deals with the bonding between two or more building blocks that are bound together by means of intermolecular bonds.
The aforesaid concept bears on the organized entities of ...

MicroRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding, 16–29 nucleotide RNA molecules (approximately 22 nucleotides in length) comprising of an evolutionarily conserved class of endogenous ribo-regulators that regulate (modulate) gene expression (Wiemer, 2007, p.1529; Zhang et al., 2006, p.9136; Garzon et al., 2009, p.168). They were discovered in 1993 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Espinosa & Slack, 2006, p.131). Currently, 4167 miRNAs are listed in the miRNA registry and 474 human miRNAs have been identified (Wiemer, 2007, p.1530).

The miRNA genes are dispersed across the genome in gene clusters or as single genes. At least 50% of the miRNA genes are ...

The continental plate in the eastern part of Asia is composed of various volcanoes and tectonic movements. Most of the volcanic rocks in this region are composed of alkali basalts with signs of continental contamination. There are various models that explain the region’s magmatic evolution. The two most common models used to explain the movements refers to the surficial processes and the other one refers to the deeper processes associated with the Pacific ocean plate. These two processes are antithetic and may hay happen subsequently. The volcanism can be traced by tomographic imaging that can be directly associated ...

AbuZayyad, Ziad. "Unraveling Arab Regimes Pave The Way To A New Middle East With Islamic Prospects". Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics & Culture 20/21.4/1 (2015): 46-52. Print.
Barr, James. A Line in the Sand. London: Simon & Schuster, 2012. Print.
James Barr is an experienced journalist in the field of politics, severally traversing the Middle East and Arab countries in Europe and Africa. He has several other books on the politics of Arab countries such as “The Secret War in Arabia”. In this book, Barr discusses the short rule of European powers in the middle-east and what led to their ...

Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT), developed by Berger & Calabrese in the year 1975, is an experiential theory that states that individuals always feel the need to reduce uncertainty in initial face to face relationship interactions so as to feel comfortable about developing those relationships further. URT proposes that behavior in early acquaintance communication is clearly understood through the individual’s ability to predict and explain the behaviors of self and partners. URT posits that the early interaction between two strangers is primarily motivated by the goal of uncertainty reduction and this involves making the behavior of oneself and that of ...

Abstract

Given the significance of the corporate social responsibility in the contemporary society, the author in the paper focuses on the role of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the obtaining the higher volume of profit and attract new investors. In addition, the author dwells on the elements of CRS and its influence over the attitude of the consumers to the companies if they are focused at the deliberation of the CSR policy. The paper contains the brief literature review that presents the main findings of the researches engaged in the examination of the framework of the CSR. This review ...

Literature review reflects the emergence of different approaches to the interaction between school and family. The essence of this approach lies in the understanding of the main objectives of the school work with parents. It can help to create conditions for the actualization of the educational potential of families and effectively resolve the existing problems in family education. The researchers specified the theoretical approaches to the planning, organization and implementation of interaction between school and family in the process of education. Analysis of important problems in the work of teachers, psychologists and sociologists confirms the issues of psycho-pedagogical work ...

Introduction

Five states within the USA have the legislation governing the legalized realization of marijuana in small amounts. Colorado is not an exception as the majority of the population in this union support this policy. Given the fact that the issue of the impact of the legalization of marijuana has not been researched properly by the experts, this paper will present the overwiev of the major studies pertaining to this question. Nowadays, the population believe that marijuana should be treated in the similar manner to the regulation of the realization of alcohol and tobacco in the country.
Despite the fact ...

Why Youth Joins Gangs?

The number of youth joining Gangs is increasing day by day. The public is concerned about the involvement of youth in the gangs and also the violence associated with their activities is being increased. Being in a gang is highly related to the delinquent behavior. Youth joins gangs because they experience certain pulls pertaining to the attractiveness of the gangs like gang membership can enhance their prestige or status among friends, they can make money etc. Thus, youth personal advantage in gang membership. There can be numerous reasons for why youth join gangs like parental/family influences, poverty/socio-economic status, neighborhood ...

The aim of this paper is to critically assess the research studies, formulate the hypothesis as well as the research methodology concerning the false memories.
Benjamin, A.S. (2001) in the article ‘On the dual effects of repetition on false recognition’ presented findings of the impact of study list repetition on false recognition using two factor including aging and time pressure. The experiment reveals dual bases for the decision regarding recognition of words including semantic similarity and decision criteria. Both were affected due to time constraints and old age of participants.
The article named “How are false memory ...

Institutional Affiliation: Grand Valley State University

Introduction:
My literature review is on the concept of psychology of making and breaking habits and using incentives to get people to change their habits or start new ones. There has been a lot of study and research in the last decade over this topic. Charles Duhigg wrote one of the most revolutionizing books on this topic. The Power of Habit provided a psychological perspective on habits. The Power of Habit is one of the most powerful books ever written on habit formation and reformation. Several studies have also been undertaken to understand the effects of incentives on habit formation. ...

Business Process Management

Abstract
The literature review on the topic of enterprise resource planning (ERP) of business process management (BPM) as part of information systems (IS) strategies in South African businesses covers both scholarly and professional management discussions about outsource administration of IT systems operations. The rise of outsource IT in the business sector is predicted to realign business and trade into the future. The trend in emergent market outsource IS data management in and by South African firms is fast becoming a lead topic in a nation formerly characterised as an industrial economy with developing country challenges.
The enactment of South ...

Corporatism Literature Review

Introduction
The idea of corporatism has contributed to the formation of political or social groups based on activities and ideas such as business, labor, and science, military and ethnic (Ammous 2011). Most of these groups are usually industrial and professional, which have a control over the members in the group within its jurisdiction. The history of corporatism has been defined by political ideas that are backed by social and economic forces. This study reviews the literature on corporatism and whether the strategies it uses creates a framework that brings success to the economy. It also gives an outlook on the ...

Introduction

Matcha Green Tea which is also known as maccha is a fine powder of green tea.1 It’s origin is in Japan though it has come to be spread in most parts of the world, notably in Asia. It is gradually creeping into the rest of the world, including America.4 Though it is mainly used as a beverage; matcha is also used in various ways such as flavoring as well as dying of foods which include green tea ice cream, noodles, soba and mocha noodles.1 It is also widely used for the making of Japanese confectionary also known as the wagashi. ...

Literature Review

Physicians always encounter innumerable number of patients with chest pains every day. The cause of these chest pains cannot always be pinpointed to a single health factor. However, veritably a good percentage of these chest pain cases are traced to a wide range of heart diseases. Acute Coronary Syndrome is one such heart disease that has been found to be a possible causation of the chest pains that are incessantly encountered by physicians. Commonly abbreviated as ACS, Acute Coronary Syndrome results in the blockage of some parts or the heart’s entire coronary arteries.

Definition

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a cardiac condition with an ...

MicroRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding, 16–29 nucleotide RNA molecules comprising of an evolutionarily conserved class of endogenous ribo-regulators that regulate gene expression (Wiemer, 2007; Garzon et al., 2009). They were discovered in 1993 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Espinosa & Slack, 2006). Currently, 4167miRNAs are listed in the miRNA registry and 474 human miRNAs have been identified (Wiemer, 2007).
MicroRNAs are crucial for the development of vertebrates due to the fact that depletion of the components of the miRNA processing pathway, or interfering with maturation of miRNAs, is not compatible with life (Wiemer, 2007).
The miRNA ...

Abstract

Healthcare providers and physical therapist involved in the management of patients with musculoskeletal disorders, the inclusion of an imaging modality would enhance and improve medical diagnosis of such conditions. Based on current evidence, the implementation of physical therapy is highly recommend before the inclusion of an imaging modality. In such cases, physical therapist would require a robust, comprehensive, and feasible diagnostic imaging modality. In the US, there is an increase in demand for physical therapist which enables them to practice in over 45 states. The privilege of imaging referral or inclusion of imaging modalities as an adjunct to screening ...

Vid30 complex participation in the degradation of CDC25 in yeast and their role in Ras/ cAMP/ PKA pathway

Background:
Unicellular organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae in its total life cycle is exposed to diverse and changing nutrient conditions. Thus, in order to survive and achieve a competitive advantage, it has adapted itself such that it not only uses the wide range of available nutrient sources but also the sources that are nutrient rich. It mainly uses fructose and glucose by rapidly fermenting to alcohol. In response to these nutrient conditions, the intracellular trafficking transcription and turnover of protein from nutrient transporters (e.g. Hxts) get regulated. Therefore, when the availability of the glucose increases, the expression of low- ...

Dr

Assignment 1

WR Assignment
Guiding Question:
How does the communication styles effect relationships
Integrated Summary:
Communication or conversational style is the way in which people interact and communicate with others through verbal and non-verbal mediums. It is the purposeful way of sharing information in which the receiver may not exactly understand what the communicator has to say. It may be due to cultural or language differences (Gareis, Merkin & Goldman, 2011). Hence, stress, noise, misunderstandings and conflicts need to be removed from communication process and channel to improve the bond of friendship or acquaintance or relationship between the people.
Communication style ...

Introduction

It seems difficult to analyze democratic transition from the standpoint of international dimension both theoretically and practically because not so much literatures that discuss about what the external environment actually is and how it might contribute to domestic change (Cavatorta 2005). However, it does not mean that international context will be ignored in the analysis process because international factors might have impacts on the transition process through their connections with domestic actors particularly in terms of distribution of power and resources, which in turn have effect on how they will act (Cavatorta 2005). One thing to remember is a ...

In "Cognitive Ergonomics: Understanding, Learning, and Designing Human-Computer Interaction" the authors discuss the applied aspect of cognitive science associated with the modeling of human cognitive activity that helps to solve practical problems in various areas. Chapter 1 "Human-computer interaction models and their roles in the design of interactive systems" shows the trends in the development of cognitive studies and emphasizes the relevance of applied aspects of cognitive science. Chapter 1 in "Cognitive Ergonomics: Understanding, Learning, and Designing Human-Computer Interaction" describes the conceptual framework of the application of cognitive research aimed at solving practical problems in various spheres of human ...

Differentiating stem cells into type II Pneumocytes

Type II Pneumocytes is also referred to as type II alveolar (ATII) cells. It is responsible for the production of the surfactant molecule that helps maintain the elasticity of the lungs and reduce the surface tension of the pulmonary fluids. These cells can be derived from murine Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) to promote lung regeneration and repair in case of an injury. The cell engineering can also help treat lung diseases.
According to Polak et al. (2006), previous experiments for obtaining ATII from ESCs had yielded low cell yield. This led to the development of an elaborate three-step-strategy that ...

Introduction

The paper presents the literature review on everyday chemistry and covers the following areas:
Food molecules.
Chemistry using kitchen chemicals.
Food safety from rotten products.
The paper used Google Scholar, WorldCat, Science Direct for literature search, and the key words were: food molecules, food chemistry, kitchen chemicals, food safety and rotten.

Types of Food Molecules

Every individual knows that food contains proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. These substances are the main nutrients and are responsible for energy supply for the body. There are numerous types, some are more complicated, some are simple; some are found in nature, and some are fully artificial. However, they ...

[Client’s name]
[Institutional affiliations]Introduction
In today’s world the information is the main thing that supports all the spheres in the human everyday life. Media plays an important role in the life of nation as the transmitter of information. This information may bring various changes in the society, improving the lives of people. The media is the informational bridge between the government and public, the way to communicate with people, entertain them, educate and tell about day-to-day news elsewhere. The communication is reached by the variety of the technique means. There are two conditions that may serve ...

The literature review of this study is a comprehensive review of Psychodynamic therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The literature will involve empirical support, description of the available treatment, theoretical aspects as well as historical perspectives of these therapies. The research concurs with the conclusion that CBT is an adequate treatment modality for minimizing symptoms and boosting functional results among the patients with psychodynamic therapy. Thus, makes it a vital framework for clinicians working with clients with psychodynamic symptomology.
The cognitive behavioral theory was developed by Aaron Beck in 1960. Currently, this theory is one of the most frequently used ...

Impressionism is one of the most striking periods in art that started in the 19th century. This period is characterized by the stylistic arts that greatly differ from the traditional manners of painting. It’s styles includes light as one of the main subjects, subtle and blurry lines, use of fanciful color combinations, and capturing of dynamic movements in the canvass (Schumann, 2012). The works in this period varies greatly from the traditional ones such that the arts reflected by the impressionist artists are real time and dynamic. Whereas the previous arts deal with static ...

List of Figures

Figure 3.0.1 Feature extraction. VIII
Figure 3.0.2 Event processing. VIII
Figure 3.8.1 Basic Architecture of Bayesian Enabled Network XI

The Problem

Cloud Network security is very significant when it comes to online data and transactions. Attackers often examine vulnerabilities within the cloud system. There are malwares and viruses that can be easily detected and those that cannot be detected easily. With advance technology and increase in computing knowledge, network attackers use sophisticated software that can beat most antiviruses and firewalls hence accessing the system without anyone noticing them (Kumar, 2015). Malicious code also referred to as (malware) often grow ...

Intercultural Friendship

Introduction
Scholars and academicians have paid little interest to intercultural friendships in spite of their obvious magnitude and regularity in the continuously expanding multicultural world. Intercultural friendships symbolize a close linkage between interpersonal and cultural dimensions of communication systems. The hardships involved in sorting them out might be one explanation why they attract so little interest from researchers. In recent times, it has become generally acknowledged that cultural diversity in the backgrounds of communicators contributes to differences in the patterns of communication behavior. This has made several researchers studying intercultural communication to make the assumption that it is a distinctive ...

The Grapes of Wrath is a novel written by John Steinbeck as he gives the story revolving around the family of Joad. The novel illustrates oppression and hardship that faced the migrants’ workers during the great depression. In depth it is a political tract that governed collectivist action on oppressing those looking for jobs. In the same sense, the speech that was delivered by Martin Luther King on the oppression of the black people has a lot of similarities as compared to the The Grapes of Wrath. Martin Luther speech covers the oppression nature of the blacks as well.
The Declaration's ...

Abstract

Water is the most important source of life. Survival of any living organism without water is impossible. Though a large part of the earth is constituted of water, the supply of fresh water is limited to only 3% of the total amount of water found on the earth's surface. With the demand for fresh and clean water rising across the world, it is time for us to think seriously about the importance of water conservation. There are several engineering and behavioral practices which, if adopted by us at home, industries and other spheres of work and life, can reduce the ...

Introduction

Employee engagement can be defined in various ways. However, it can be generally referred to as the ability and willingness of employees to help the organization in which they are employed achieve its objectives. This is achieved by the employees providing their services in a discretional way and in sustainable circumstances. Employee engagement entails two main aspects; psychological and HR practice. The psychological aspect involves the kind of job one is doing, the resources at the employee’s disposal and the experience one goes through during the engagement. Furthermore, the ability of the organization to empower its employees and its ...

1.0 Mitochondria in eukaryotic cells
Organelles are special compartments surrounded by a bilipid membrane which separates them from the rest of the cell which carry out specific functions. An example of an organelle is the mitochondria which are known to be the “powerhouse of the cell.” They have their own genome (mtDNA) and are semiautonomous. They are said to have evolved from a free α proteobacterium like organism (Takasugi, Yagi, et al., 2010). The word mitochondria is derived from two Greek words: “mitos” which means thread and “chondros” which means “grain”. These two words offer an apt description of the morphology ...

Introduction

It is approximated that about one billion people in the world today suffer from iron deficiency anemia (Sloan, Jordan, & Winikoff, 2002). There are many causes of this disease that have already been identified such as poor diet, menses, excess bleeding in the intestine, and inability of a person to absorb iron among others. However, the question that remains to be answered is why many people continue to be affected despite much information about the disease that is already available.

Background

Iron deficiency anemia is a type of anemia that occurs due to loss of iron in the body that may be caused ...