Nutrient College Essays Samples For Students

Upwelling is an oceanic process whereby cold, nutrient rich deep water is brought to the surface by various oceanographic or geographic mechanisms, over a period of time. One driver of upwelling are the winds blowing across the ocean’s surface, parallel to the coast and displace the warmer, nutrient poor surface waters, allowing the colder, deeper water to rise to the surface, carrying nutrients with it. The deeper ocean water is nutrient rich due to the decomposition of marine animals which have sunk to the deeper ocean waters. Upwelling is an extremely dynamic process ,influenced by factors such as ...

INTERNET ACTIVITY:

Pyramid method was invented in the early 90’s. The pyramid shows ratios or proportions of food that a person was required to take in a day. The pyramid proposes for a high share of green vegetables just like other regional food guides. Hence its similarity but it differs with the other methods because it is a bit confusing. I wouldn’t follow the pyramid because it gives vague ratios to their food percentage it is hard to know if this is followed by everyone. The plate method is much simpler as it has individual assistance rather than blanket advice or direction. It ...

Company Background

MugesWaters is a newly established company that is privately owned by two partners with the main aim of distributing bottled vitamin water and nutrient drinks to the target market. The company will be headquartered in Glacéau though it projects to have subsidiary companies across the world. Objectively, the business intends to provide nutrient drinks and mineral water to meet the rising needs of the people across the societies. The company shall remain recognized in the nutrient drink industry through superior services to the consumers as well as maintain an economically profitable business to the partners. Based on this, the ...

Iron

Iron is a mineral that is abundant in plant foods, meat, seafood, and poultry. Green leafy vegetables have high levels of iron and are most suitable in cases of deficiency. Low levels of iron among young adult women can cause iron-deficient erythropoiesis (red blood cell production) and anemia (Harland et al., 2010, p. 325). These deficiencies can result in impaired immune and cognitive functions and can affect energy levels of an individual. Women of reproductive age usually experience menstruation on a regular basis. Heavy menstrual bleeding during this time increases the loss of iron, therefore, causing the deficiency.

Calcium

Calcium ...

This is a cross-sectional survey that was conducted among a representative sample of the elderly people aged between 65 to 85 years. They are residents of Salisbury, MD. The main objective was to describe the reported usual dietary intakes of the participants in the Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) project and to estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes using the probability approach.
Food frequency questionnaires were used to obtain the level of nutrient intake among these participants. The questionnaires were to estimate the level intake of energy and protein. Percentage energy intake was determined by theintake of carbohydrates, fats and ...

Question I

I have encountered multiple incidences wherein a patient undergoing pharmacologic therapy using a certain drug manifested reactions after ingesting and or being exposed to foods that contain nutrients that created a conflict with the pharmacologic agent. Prior to the incident, I have been made aware, through course readings and discussions, about the different possibilities of nutrient to drug interactions. The nutrient to drug interaction I encountered involved an arthritic patient who was complaining about the localized dull aching pain on his left foot. The physician prescribed him with an NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs). What the physician failed to note was that ...

Description/Instructions: Dietary standards influence our nutritional status in both obvious and subtle ways. The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) include new approaches and new terminology for using nutrients to achieve optimum health. Understanding terms like DRI, RDA, and UL can help improve our everyday nutrient and food choices.

Link Name: Interactive DRI for Healthcare Professionals

URL: http://Fnic.nal.usda.gov/fnic/interactiveDRI/
This government site begins with some very basic questions from which your needs for macro- and micro-nutrients will be calculated. Complete this section for all available information and select “Submit” to access your personalized results. To print, right click to save your report to a designated location on your computer ...

Animal's Common Name: Chimpanzee

Genus & species: Pan Troglodytes
The specific behavior (describe):
Chimpanzees exhibit differences in feeding behavior in a single day. The chimpanzees show more consumption of the leaves from Pterygota mildbraedii and Celtis Africana in the afternoon compared to the morning (Carlson, Rothman and Mitani 344). This is categorized as diurnal variation in feeding behavior.
Is this behavior shown only in certain behavioral contexts, such as in communication, getting food, competition, social behavior, attracting mates, mating behavior, parental behavior, or some other area of activity?
This behavior occurs only in a specific context namely the foraging (getting food) ...

Question 1

Baltic Sea in the Atlantic Ocean has world’s largest dead zones. It has been a victim of anthropological activities such as over fishing and excess use of fertilizers in agricultural lands (Baltic Nest Institute, 2014). Dead zones similar to that of Baltic Sea are also seen in US territorial waters including Chesapeake Bay, Great Lakes, northern Gulf of Mexico, Long Island Sound and coastal Oregon. The Chesapeake Bay is a major nutrient sink that receives the storm water run-off from the 88,000 farms in the surrounding states as well as effluents from 5 major effluent treatment plants. Hypoxic conditions ...

My food intake Day-1

Food nutrition
My food intake Day-1
Food Intake is Breakfast (Three eggs with 2 pieces of bacon), Lunch (BLT Sandwich), Dinner (Baked Chicken, Broccoli, Steamed rice).
Introduction
Human nutrition is all about providing nutrient to our body to sustain our lives and help in growth and functions. Without food nutrients, our body will not function at normal state. When we are not getting the required nutrient at the right time, the stored nutrient helps to replace depleted body nutrients. When this continues with no replacement, death of body tissues will commence. Our eating habit could ...

Human nutrition is associated with good health and well-being. Humans derive nutrients from food products such as fruits, vegetables, milk, and animal-based products. Nutrients should be taken in adequate quantities for proper functioning of the body. Diet provides vitamins, minerals, and all other vital components required for healthy living. Diet is one part of a healthy body while physical activity enhances growth, development, and stability to the body. People who have low nutrient intake are vulnerable to diseases and illnesses. Poor nutrition has also been associated with impaired physical and mental development (Kau, et al. 2011). Nutrition is the ...

One of the best ways to know whether a certain food is high or low in a particular nutrient is to make the best use of Daily Value. Low does not necessary imply bad while high does not necessarily imply good. That is why it is important to know which nutrients are needed most and which nutrients are least needed in a particular serving. 5 and 20 Rule has been found to be the best rule of thumb (Abrams and Hawthorne, 2012). The terms “low” and “high” in the context of nutrients need to be well understood. The Daily ...

Dear USDA Food and Nutrition Service,

I am honored to submit the following proposal on behalf of our Community College where majority of our students are Hispanics. “Healthy Hispanics” was launched this year to deal with high incidence of overweight and obesity that has resulted in prevalence of disease-specific mortality rates for diabetes mellitus (USDHHS, 2011). In response to the School Wellness Policy Program of the USDA Food and Nutrition Service, I am submitting my proposal for $200,000 grant fund. This will be for a 4-year period starting January 2017.
The following is a detailed review of what the “Healthy Hispanics” program is about ...

Drawing from the seminar presentation, I have gathered that the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals various pathway functions and regulates critical functions in the placenta such as mitochondrial respiration and nutrient transport. Placental amino acid transporter activities are significantly decreased in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with recent experimental research evidence suggesting that the changes directly contribute to restricted fetal growth (Jansson, 2016). In this case, placental nutrient sensing is seen to have a pivotal role in the modulation on resource allocation between the mother and fetus thus affecting overall fetal growth, preventing overgrowth of the fetus and ensuring ...

Abstract

In the current health scenario, the old adage ‘prevention is better than cure’ is outdated ("A New Vision of Wellness", 2011). Health costs are increasing day by day, but diseases have become more prevalent than before. Incidences of impaired mental health are on the rise. Isn’t it high time that we stop and take a look at the current medical scenario? People are suffering from chronic diseases like asthma, depression, diabetes, heart disease, pain, and even attention and learning problems. Moreover, the pharmaceutical companies are always introducing newer and better medicines and expensive ones too, but still, there ...

Water Pollutant - Phosphate

Phosphates are nutrients essential for plant as well as animal growth. But, when their concentration exceeds certain limit they pose serious problems to water bodies, and adversely affect water quality. Major sources of phosphates are non-point sources that include agricultural run-off and sewage or domestic effluent (West Cumbria Rivers Trust, 2015). Phosphate fertilizers used in agriculture are washed off during rains, and they reach nearby water bodies. Sewage receives phosphates from detergents and food or drink additives (West Cumbria Rivers Trust, 2015). Excess phosphates in the water body lead to algal bloom or “eutrophication” that completely destroys the quality ...

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Academy of Primary Physicians, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the World Health Organization recommend that mothers exclusively breastfeed their infants for the first six months after delivery (Stuebe). In fact, the World Health Organization states that even after solid foods are started at six months, the mother should continue breastfeeding her child for at least two years or as long as she is able to produce milk (Breastfeeding Action Group 1). These organizations are quite correct in issuing these recommendations for as opposed to formula milk, breast milk and ...

Essay

Bacteria in a closed bioreactor grow and decay in four stages because they sterile culture of cells. It a bioreactor incorporates environmental conditions such as temperature, dissolved gases and nutrient concentration that integrate to help bacteria and eventually decaying. The underlying conditions make the bacteria to grow to maximum level. Since the bacteria is in a closed bioreactor, the underlying conditions become more as the maximum growth is attained thus leading to their decay.

Lag phase
In the lag phase, growth and reproduction has just begun. Inoculum is the bacteria undergoing metabolism and the environmental conditions required include nutrient limitation, inhibitors, ...

Abstract

Solid waste and wastewater are primary sources of pollution from food processing industries. The wastewaters usually contain high suspended solids, organic starch and sugars that may contain toxic substances to the environment. Solid wastes come from organic materials while the mechanical preparation processes need biological treatment before releases into the environment. When untreated, they find their way into other water plants like lakes and streams. Since they have higher nutrient content, they result of eutrophication of the water systems hence causing algal growth. It, therefore, compromises the stability of the aquatic ecosystems as the water quality is changed. It ...

English-Solutions how can we solve obesity

Introduction
Over the past few years, obesity has become a national crisis where prospects indicate that it might surpass smoking as the biggest single factor in early death. This may be coupled with the reduction of quality of life as well as the added health care costs. Research conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that about a third of the adults in the United States are obese while about a third are overweight. Additionally, this research has indicated that obesity is responsible for more than 160,000 excess deaths every year. Arguably, the obesity crisis has brought ...

Vegetarian diets can be hazardous to health because many beliefs about the diet’s benefits are not supported by scientific evidence (Byrnes 72). According to the American Dietetic Association, vegetarian and vegan diets can be healthy at all stages of the life cycle when planned correctly (Craig and Mangels 1266). In the literature review by Craig and Mangels, the authors attempted to prove that the vegetarian diet includes all of the required nutrients, such as vitamin D or vitamin B-12 (1269). However, most empirical studies failed to correlate vegetarianism with improved health (Key 524S), and plant-based diets were associated ...

Organic Foods

We should support consumption of organic foods because it is an essential step towards achievement of optimal health in the whole population. Moreover, they are of higher quality than foods produced using conventional methods. To be precise, how many of you feel comfortable consuming foods rich in chemicals emanating from use of pesticides in food production either in form of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides? Would you still feel the same way if you had knowledge on chronic illnesses killing populations due to consumption of conventional foods? Frankly, I think you would all feel indifferent. Various food industries producing foods ...

My recommended calorie intake is 2472 kcals; my intake for the three days was 2327. As a result, I was consuming fewer calories than I needed to and was recommended. I believe that the recommendation was realistic; it allowed me to eat a fair amount of food without exceeding the requirements, allowing me to burn off a few calories. Since I wasn't putting in as many calories as I was roughly requiring, my body had to burn some calories from fat in order to make up for the shortage.

My recommended intake for protein was 46 grams, while I personally had 88 ...

Eutrophication is the phenomenon caused by the increasing amount of nutrients in the water bodies which results to the decrease in the oxygen concentration and death of aquatic animals. The main nutrient which commonly caused eutrophication in some of the water bodies is the phosphates. In this process, nutrients from soil are carried to the water bodies through erosion (Chislock et al., 2013). The high amounts of nutrients in the water bodies results to the increase in aquatic plants and algae such as the phytoplankton. The decay of these plants and algae converts oxygen to other by-products resulting to ...

Did Annie’s macronutrient intake fall within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) established by the Dietary Reference Intakes? Fill in the table below.

Carbohydrates
List the 5 primary sources of carbohydrate in Annie’s diet, and indicate the primary type(s) of carbohydrate provided by that source (you can identify the primary sources of carbohydrate by clicking the “+” on the left side of the “Nutrients” report online).
How did Annie’s fiber intake compare to her target of 25 grams? Give 4 examples of foods that Annie could include to increase her daily fiber intake (identify foods that ...

QUESTIONS ON BIOCHEMISTRY

Questions on Biochemistry
Describe the difference between an obligate and a facultative aerobe.
Obligate and facultative aerobes are the same in terms of their ability to use oxygen in their respiration process. However, obligate aerobes requires oxygen to oxidize substrates such as sugar and fat to produce ATP (energy). Obligate aerobes are more efficient in converting substrates to ATP. The key process in aerobic respiration is the conversion of sugar to ATP shown in reaction 1 below:

In the reaction 36 molecules of ATP is produced per molecule of glucose. It is actually a slow process which comprises 3 ...

Sickle cell anemia is the most widely inherited genetic disorder in the United States. Folic acids are one important nutrient that helps increase and produce some red blood cells in the bone marrow. This paper investigates how folic acid has used a supplement for pregnant women (Knott).
Sickle cell anemia can be genetically passed to the baby from a mother who has it or who is a carrier. Symptoms of the disease include headaches, irritability, fatigue, dizziness, diarrhea, cold feeling, difficulty when breathing, difficulty concentrating and pale skin (Lindenbaum, John, & Klipstein 16).
Malnutrition in pregnant females is the main ...

Sickle cell anemia is the most widely inherited genetic disorder in the United States. Folic acids are one important nutrient that helps increase and produce some red blood cells in the bone marrow. This paper investigates how folic acid has used a supplement for pregnant women.
Sickle cell anemia can be genetically passed to the baby from a mother who has it or who is a carrier. Symptoms of the disease include headaches, irritability, fatigue, dizziness, diarrhea, cold feeling, difficulty when breathing, difficulty concentrating and pale skin ( Lindenbaum, John, and Klipstein ,16 ).
Malnutrition in pregnant women is the commonest ...

Introduction

Obesity and overweight have been classified as global and serious conditions that have an adverse effect on the human health. Obesity and overweight conditions are defined as excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat that may negatively affect health. In adults the obesity and overweight are measured by the body mass index (BMI), which is simple weight-for-height index (WHO, 2014). The BMI is computed by the ratio of the individual's body weight to the square of body height, indicated in Kg/m2 (WHO, 2014). According to W.H.O., (World Health Organisation), a BMI equal or above 25 is considered as overweight while a BMI ...

An Analysis

An Analysis
Weight Watchers diet started in September 1961 when Jean Nidetch, an overweight woman from Queens, New York, discovered that the most effective keys to weight control are actually "empathy, rapport and mutual understanding." This discovery was made while she was talking to her friends who, like her, had trouble sticking to their diets and were thus gaining weight instead of losing it. What started as a mutual support meeting between her and a few friends grew to be a world-wide weight control organization now commonly called the Weight Watchers. Officially, Weight Watchers International became a company in May 1963 and ...

Microbiology Lab

Abstract
This laboratory report tries to recognize an unknown bacterial species. The Gram stain disclosed bacteria to be both gram-negative and positive and via microscopy it confirmed to be rod and cocci respectively. Now two different bacteria were on the agar. One was a coliform and other a non coliform. The bacteria were exposed to all essential microbiological techniques employed to recognize an unknown bacterial species. The unknown comprised about 1% of the total bacterial flora of humans and even most of the warm-blooded animals. The bacteria are the most extensively studied prokaryotic organism, and an essential species in the ...

Excessive intake of refined carbohydrate, specifically sugar, has been recognized as a potential contributing element when risk of excessive weight gain is concerned.
Michelle Obama was quoted as saying “The physical and emotional health of an entire generation and the economic health and security of our nation is at stake” in Let’s Move campaign in the United States in 2010, to point out the effect of obesity and high sugar content intake on Americans. These words are fully applicable in the Australian context as well.
A low to moderate daily consumption of sugar is acceptable to be ...

Discussion Board

Nutrition - The food selected is Egg whole cooked, Omelet and the portion is 1 large serving of 61 grams. The carbohydrate, protein and lipid content are 0.39 g, 6.45 g and 7.11 g. Omelet serving of 61 grams contain energy of 94 Kcal. Omelet is rich in phosphorus, potassium, sodium and calcium. It has excellent quantity of vitamin A, RAE, Vitamin A, IU, Vitamin D, and retinol. The food has excellent quantity of choline, Lutein + zeaxanthin and has good quantity of Folate.

Water – The water is 46.44 grams in 61 grams of omelet. Water is an important nutrient, ...

The Chesapeake Bay is the biggest estuary in the country, bordering Virginia and Maryland, and runs around 200 miles inland. However, despite its natural value and unique status as an estuary, it is being plagued by immense levels of pollution. Despite the efforts being put forth by the government and various organizations, the bay is still incredibly polluted, posing a danger to wildlife, marine life, and even people in the surrounding area. In this paper, we will evaluate the causes of this pollution, as well as the condition of the bay and what is being done about it. A customized ...

Introduction

In recent decades, trends in diets tailored to promote weight loss have resulted in a significant increase in the intake of protein, particular in people with overweight and obesity issues. Accordingly, researchers have questioned the benefits or risks linked to the habitual consumption of “dietary protein in excess of recommended intakes” (Martin et al., 2005). In general, the primary concern has involved the possibility that diets rich in protein may increase hyperfiltration and, hence, exacerbate renal damage. Nevertheless, the potential link between protein-rich diets and renal damage has also been questioned due to an absence of adequate clinical evidence. ...

Nutritional Intake of my Chosen Senior

My chosen senior is a widowed 63 year old woman, living alone in an urban setting, doesn’t have any diet related diseases or illness and isn’t under any prescribed medication. Her Carbohydrate intake is high, she consumes carbohydrates four out of seven days a week, her carbohydrate sources are brown rice, whole wheat pasta and potatoes. She consumes vitamin daily, she takes a glass or two of fresh fruit juice. Her calcium intake throughout the week is recommendable since she takes milk and dairy foods such as cheese, ghee and calcium fortified cereals. Generally, she has been ...

Introduction

Seagrass beds are amongst the most productive marine habitats and their wide-ranging distribution. They provide homes and food sources for many marine animals, prevent erosion and provide nurseries for many commercial and recreational fish species. Despite their importance to the environment, seagrass beds are increasingly being decimated by the results of human activities. The destruction of seagrass beds may have serious consequences on the biodiversity of coastal regions and as a consequence, may negatively impact on commercial and recreational fishing, and ultimately all marine species.

Description of Issue

Seagrasses are flowering plants that live in marine and estuarine habitats. They are rooted ...

Diabetes type 2 is a chronic disorder affecting metabolism. It is characterised by high level of glucose in blood, lack of insulin and resistance of the body to insulin action. This article outlines the pertinent aspects of the disease and how dietary plan affects its prevention and management. It is classified under lifestyle diseases because it is caused by changes in how people eat and level and nature of day-to-day activities occasioned by the current living standards.

Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

Signs and symptoms of this condition develop progressively over a period. It is possible that a person would have Type 2 Diabetes ...

(Author Name)
(Course Name/Number)

POST 1

As a vegetarian, Lieu does run higher risks of lacking essential minerals during her pregnancy, but so do other pregnant women who do not follow the advice of their doctors. Women who lack essential nutrients due to malnutrition run a similar risk of having pregnancy complications and doctors prescribe prenatal vitamins. Although there are many reasons for an unhealthy pregnancy, unless it is pure neglect on behalf of the mother, the resources exist to address the nutrition needs under most circumstances.
As stated in the discussion, vitamin B12, iron, and omega 3 are the critical ...

Abstract

The debate over the potential benefits of organic foods and conventional ones has been ongoing for quite a long time. Due to numerous reasons, consumers believe that organic foods are healthier, environmentally friendly as well as possess ethical option and they are not far from the truth. A number of scientific evidence indicate that organic foods are better for nature, involves high animal welfare, natural and great tasting foods aspects as well as safer and healthier option than non-organic ones. Studies reveal various reasons why consumers choose organics and interestingly most consumers who go for organics do so because ...

Botkin and Kellar (2014) describe an ecosystem as “communities of organisms and their nonliving environment in which nutrients and other chemicals cycle and energy flow.” I have chosen the forests of Pennsylvania as a holistic ecosystem to examine.
Pennsylvania has approximately 17 million acres of forest, making up 59% of this State. The predominant species associations are oak/hickory in the central and southern areas and Northern hardwood (including black cherry, maple and birch) in the north and north-west (Sustaining Penn’s Woods, 2001). The vast forest area contains mature ecosystems with the aforementioned tree species as the climax species. ...

PRIORITY STRESSOR

I chose poor dieting as a priority stressor I would like to change. I am aware of the existence of a direct relationship between dieting, exercise and the body’s level of risk for disability and diseases. That is, my poor eating behavior would be the primary cause of ill health. Presently, my diet mainly involves an indulging in fast foods and processed products. Items that make such a menu include French fries, sausages, burgers, and pies. Therefore, I need to reduce my intake of such products to reduce my risk of developing coronary heart disease and obesity.

RATIONALE

I ...

Introduction

Foraging Behavior is an important mechanism used by Drosophila for feeding. This behavior is associated to the for gene, particularly to the alleles related to the rover and sitter, named forR and forS, respectively. The presence of these alleles in Drosophila is related to food behavior (Kent et al., 2009).
D. melanogaster is an insect known as the fruit fly and it has been used in different studies, including those related to sensory systems, such as hunger and diet selection (Schwarz et al., 2013). Their preferred food is rotting fruits, particularly those having sugars and amino acids, being carbohydrates the major source of food in adult individuals (Thorne et al., 2014).
Yeasts and sucrose provide many nutrients to flies. When flies are deprived of amino acids, they prefer to ingest yeast instead of sugar. In contrast, when they are deprived of sugar, they prefer sucrose instead of sugar (Piper et al., 2014).
This investigation will focus on the determination of Drosophila melanogaster feeding selection behavior between yeast and sucrose. The related question is “Do hungry fruit flies prefer yeast solution or sucrose solution?” Furthermore, this investigation will use the null hypothesis that no significant difference is found between the observed and expected results for yeast and sucrose feeding preference in fruit flies, particularly in Drosophila melanogaster.

Results

Data is shown on Table 1. At 30 min, the highest quantity of flies was reported for the yeast solution (50), similar to fly quantities reported for sucrose (42). On the other hand, at 60 minutes, the experiment quantities for sucrose solution and yeast solution were very different, being 76 and 20 flies, respectively. Significant difference (p<0.001), was found when the chi-squared test was applied for 30 min and 60 min observations. Calculated chi-squared and p is presented in Table 1. A high quantity of not fed flies (96) was observed at 30 min, yet they reduced considerably (24) at 60 min.

Discussion

Foraging Drosophila localize the food using the chemoreceptors. They feed on bacteria and fungi present or rotting fruit (Aracena, 2011). The main components of the media prepared in laboratory to cultivate Drosophila contain a source of sugar, yeast and agar. Variation in quantities of flies was found during the time of the experiment, reflecting the preference of flies for each substrate. At the beginning, most of the flies did not feed, and had little preference for the yeast solution. This small difference between yeast and sucrose could be related to the adaptation of flies to the different substrates. At 60 minutes, the end of the experiment, most of the flies fed with sucrose solution. This means that flies prefer sucrose solution instead of yeast or both. Sucrose is a carbohydrate and when Drosophila detects sweetness, they associate it with the presence of sugar and caloric source from a substrate (Burke and Wadell, 2012). Sucrose is also a good source of nutrients for Drosophila, and a relation between memory and nutrient presence (Burke and Waddell, 2012) can influence in the preference of sucrose over yeast. This experiment shows the preference of sucrose over yeast by hungry Drosophila, rejecting the null hypothesis, since a significant difference was found (p<0.001). More experiments related to the feeding behavior in Drosophila are important because they can be related to human feeding behavior, especially because they are related through gene homology.

References

Aracena J. (2011) Using Foraging Behavior of Fruit Flies to Introduce Undergraduates to Research. Tested Studies for Laboratory Teaching Proceedings of the Association for Biology Laboratory Education. 32. 304-309.
Burke C. J. and Wadell S. (2012)Remembering nutrient quality of sugar in Drosophila.Current Biology. 21. 746-750.
Kent C. F., Daskalchuk T., Cook L., Sokolowski M. B. and Greenspan R. J. (2009) The Drosophila foraging Gene Mediates Adult Plasticity and Gene–Environment Interactions in Behaviour, Metabolites, and Gene Expression in Response to Food Deprivation. Public Library of Science. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000609.
Piper M. D. W., Blanc E., Leitão-Gonçalves R., Yang M., He X., Linford N. J., Hoddinott M. P., Hopfen C., Soultoukis G. A., Niemeyer C., Kerr F., Pletcher S. D., Ribeiro C. and Partridge L. (2014) A holidic medium for Drosophila melanogaster.Nature Methods. 11. 100-105.
Schwarz S., Zachary D. and Dukas R. (2014) Food selection in larval fruit flies: dynamics and effects on larval development. Naturwissenschaften. 101. 61-68.
Thorne N., Chromey C., Bray S. and Amrein H. (2014) Taste Perception and Coding in Drosophila. Current Biology. 14. 1065-1079.

Questions/Diabetes

Q # 1: What is the most commonly used restrictive bariatric procedure worldwide?
The restrictive procedures used for bariatric surgeries are of adjustable gastric banding (AGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). AGB is said to be the commonest restrictive procedure in the world. In AGB, at the fundus of stomach, an inflatable band made up of silicone is attached. The gastrointestine remains intact from anatomical point of view. Gastric emptying also remains unchanged. In 2009, 40% of bariatric procedures are done by AGB in USA. But now, AGB is replaced by VSG. It is said to be the more ...

X-ray Reading

X-ray Reading
Figure 1
The patient in this x-ray image is centred with both lungs apices. The image has also captured the costophrenic angles but some of the bones are invisible in the picture. The reason some of the bone structures are invisible is because of poor reproduction. Additionally, the medial ends of clavicle are invincible thus it is impossible to assess rotation using this image. Another observation is that the trachea is patent and deviated to the right. The image also shows that the heart is deviated to the right. The heart of the patient has a ...

Introduction

Schools are the best place where children can learn and practice good nutrition. The school environment provides good opportunities for teachers to make an excellent impact on children’s health. What a child eats now has a significant impact on the child’s future health, throughout the adolescence stage to adulthood. A good child’s development depends on the consumption of nutritious food. Consuming nutritious food makes the child to perform well academically and feel good physically. Children poor eating habits is adding up to the rising cases of disorders, dental cavities, obesity and other child deficiency disorders which can be ...

Mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) is a bark beetle that lays eggs within the vascular system of the mature trees of lodgepole pine (Pinus
contorta). First known epidemic infestation was recorded in 1994 in the forests of British Columbia (BC). Prior to 1994, the infestation was negligible, owing to the fact that extreme low temperatures of winter killed the beetle, thereby curbing the problem. In the past two decades, however, due to global warming the winter temperatures are not low enough to kill the beetle. This has escalated the problem of deforestation and thereby has unbalanced the ...

Exam III Due: Friday March 21st, 2014

Total Points: 100
Since this is a take home exam, you may use notes/references.
Cardiovascular & Congestive Heart Failure (Total points: 58)
- Which lipoprotein normally returns most of the cholesterol to the liver for disposal? (2pt)

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is involved in eliminating excess cholesterol via the liver.

- Which nutritional factors contribute significantly to the rise of total serum cholesterol over time? (4pts)
- Dietary cholesterol
- Total fat
- Saturated fat
- Trans fat
- Excess calories
- Omega-6:
- Omega-3:

Seafood

Meat
- What is C-reactive protein and how does it relate to cardiovascular disease? (4pts)
C-reactive protein ( ...

Inappropriate Usage of Natural Resources

Introduction
Natural resources include oil, gas minerals and forests. Exploitation of these natural resources influences the economic development through earning of foreign exchange in exportation of these resources (Lodhi and Makki, 2010). According to Busse and Groning (2011), natural resource abundance influences the economic and social development of a country. Hence in certain countries polices developed may overlook the exploitation of the natural resources. However, natural resources are by nature scarce and their overexploitation by humans is increasing (Lodhi and Makki, 2010). Human activities are significant in influencing environmental changes that have resulted to development of global warming. Human ...

Genetic modification, as the name suggests, is a biotechnological process by which the genetic material in an organism such as plants is altered in a manner that does not take place in the nature or via nature-influenced recombination. Such organisms which are called as the Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs find immense practical applications in the modern times. They are used extensively for carrying out medical and biological scientific work, are used to manufacture new pharmaceutical medications and importantly, are used in agriculture to produce good quality crops. The reason why genetic modification has gained prominence in agriculture is because it ...

Recorded intake of macronutrient. Based on my daily intake of recorded foods, foods that provided proteins include chicken, beans, dairy (including yoghurt and milk), egg, bread etc. Carbohydrates were provided by bread, pasta, cereal, dairy, beans and fruits. Lipids or fats were provided by chicken and dairy, eggs and the oil that was used in preparation of food.
Based on the three day recorded protein intake the amount of carbohydrate and protein (approximately 55 gm protein and approximately 180-200 gm carbohydrates) compared well with the recommended dietary reference intake for an adult. However the level of lipids or ...

Introduction

Q1 . The fundamental requirement for a living cell to sustain itself are a carbon source, an energy source, an electron donor, an electron acceptor and elemental nutrients(N,P, S, Mg,) etc. Explain how each of these fundamental requirements are needed by the living cell to function. Explain how the cell can maintain its own internal biological processes without being in equilibrium with the external environment.
The living cells can function within a constricted range of such conditions such as nutrient availability, pH, ion, temperature, etc. The cell must coordinate different chemical reactions and consolidate many different molecules into definite structures, ...

Introduction

Food refers to any substance which living organisms consume to offer nutritional support to the body. It originates from plant or animal and its main components are important nutrients like proteins, fats, minerals or vitamins (Powter&Susan 2). Food is mainly ingested by consuming organism and later it gets assimilated in cells to maintain life by generating energy which stimulates growth. However, it is necessary to understand determinants which affect the type of food choice. For example, cultural, socio-economic and political factors play a major role in defining what people eat (Buller&Laura 5). On the other hand, food ingredients and matters ...

INTRODUCTION

The research capitalizes on the condition of coastal marine environment due to eutrophication (Gray, Shiu-sun Wu and Or). This process of enrichment that is suppose to foster growth to marine and aquatic life is believed to have an adverse effect due to the disturbance that it creates in the marine system. According to the authors, eutrophication facilitates for excessive nutrient absorption of most aquatic plants and microorganism. As a result, it increases the rate of sedimentation that results to hypoxia. When this happens, fishes and other marine life forms do not receive sufficient oxygen. Malabsorption of oxygen stags growth. This ...

- Describe the normal events of fetal development. How does malnutrition impair fetal development?
Normal events of fetal development: Normal events of development of a fetus take place in the inner uterine wall of the mother throughout a gestation. A fertilized egg or zygote moves through fallopian tube and reaches to the uterus.
During 0 to 3-weeks of gestation, the zygote develops into an embryo within a biological pocket or amniotic sac. As the embryo develops, the amniotic sac, filled with fluid gets enlarged, where the fetus floats. This fluid protects the fetus from injury throughout gestation period. Tentacles from ...

1. Ecosystems.
(10 pts) Provide a review of the process of succession and trends in biodiversity, productivity, and nutrient cycling.
Ecological succession refers to the process of gradual change of the ecosystems. This is attributed to the fact that habitats do not remain constant and they keep changing over time. Succession is divided into two; there is primary succession and secondary succession. Primary succession refers to changes which occur on an environment that has never been colonized before, for instance, quarrying on land that has never been quarried before. Secondary succession on the other hand involves environmental disturbance ...

Health and diet are interrelated with each other that should be kept in balance for healthy and happy life. Adolescent is the group of age where different things, fascinate other than routine life essentials.The most of the adolescents used to spend their time away from home due to which they prefer to consume fast foods and so forth. This seems convenient to them irrespective of fast foods containing fats and high calories. This particular behavior usually caught them into drug abuse as well as tobacco as they prefer to enjoy their life. Excessive usage of drugs and tobacco causes ...

Symbiosis is the association between two living organisms such that both parties derive usefulness or benefits from the association. The feature is especially observable between fungi and some trees. The fungi are especially useful in deriving nitrogen from the soil and providing it to the plant. The fungi benefits from the supply of carbon form the plant. Over and above the supply of nitrogenous nutrients, the fungi also provides phosphorus to the roots of the plant. These roots (or rhizae) are the ones that form an association with useful fungi in a symbiotic relationship that results in the formation of ...

Introduction

Our knowledge of ocean life is limited to big fishes and salty water. However, with new discoveries it is now evident that ocean life is mainly kept in balance by microorganisms. Billions of micro, nano and singular celled organisms called planktons are the primary producers of the marine fish web. Any living being in order to survive needs energy in the form of food and on earth the sole supplier of energy is the Sun. Be it ocean food chain or terrestrial food chain it always start with the sun. In case of terrestrial chains plants and weeds are ...

Istitution

Introduction
The purpose of this treatise is to analyze the difference between famine and food insecurity. It is apparent that they both pertain to one of the principal necessities of life: food. In order to define food insecurity it is necessary to initially define food security. Scholars and researches have defined food security as access by all individuals during all periods of time to a sufficient quantity of food for an active healthy life. In contrast food insecurity signifies inaccessibility to an adequate amount of food.
A famine is usually defined as a severe shortage of food that in ...