DNA Course Works Samples For Students

Gene regulation involves the cellular process that aims to prevent and control the manner in which gene expression occurs. Gene regulation includes a range of mechanisms used by the cells to decrease or increase the production of specific products of the genes. Many sophisticated programs of gene expression are observed in biology that includes response to the environmental stimuli and triggering of other developmental pathways. Steps involving expression of genes can be controlled from the initiation of transcription, to processing the DNA, and to the mechanisms involved in the post translational modification of the proteins. Gene regulation is important for ...

DNA testing serves numerous purpose the present world; these purposes are primarily medical and police work. The medical applications of DNA testing are mainly to identify probable conditions and in paternity tests. In police work, on the other hand, DNA testing obtains evidence from the investigations. Every individual's DNA is unique from everybody else, the only exception that emerges in this is the case of Identical twins. DNA is present in all of the body and even in the body fluids such as semen, saliva, and blood. As such, DNA is becoming a major part of apprehending suspects and as ...

Q. 1. Explain how gel filtration chromatography (size exclusion chromatography) separates molecules on the basis of their mass/size.

A. In gel filtration, porous beads are packed into a column. The pores are of different size. The column is then packed with a buffer solution. This buffer solution is present inside the beads as well as around it. When molecules of different size pass through the columns, the smaller molecules pass through the pores and take a longer path. The larger molecules, however, travel around the beads. Thus, larger molecules travel faster than the ...

Gene expression refers to the mechanism by which information from a gene directs the synthesis of proteins. This process is utilized by eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Gene expression involves various steps. These includes; transcription and translation. The central dogma indicates the flow of genetic information from the Deoxyribonucleic Acid to Ribonucleic Acid and synthesis of the required protein.

Transcription is the production Ribonucleic Acid copies of Deoxyribonucleic acids in the nucleus. The DNA consists of two anti parallel complementary strands, each having 5’ and 3’ ends. The strands serve as a template strand for the production of an RNA transcript. The ...

Introduction

DNA testing, also referred to as genetic fingerprinting is a technique that is employed by forensic scientists and police investigators in solving law enforcement cases. This genetic fingerprinting has been in existence since 1984 but recently, a new technique for solving crimes has emerged. This is known as familial DNA.

Familial DNA is a technique that allows police detectives to search and complete family tree in the process comparing evidence gathered form a crime scene to its close DNA matches (Familial DNA, 2010). The investigation may consequently hit on some of the people related to the individual who committed the crime and ...

Introduction

Capsular polysaccharides are of high molecular mass and low molecular weight cell-surface polysaccharides of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Wang et al. 2000). They facilitate evading the immune system; therefore, the production and extraction of this layer is a prospective therapeutic target (rcsb.org). In the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, strain TIGR4 the Cps4B is tyrosine protein phosphatase CpsB. The phosphatases have capability to dephosphorylate their analogous autokinases, instead of their similar functionality equivalence; they don’t demonstrate sequence homology. This capsule or CPS act as an interface border between a microbe and its environment that presents an expansive biological and clinical significance. ...

The transition table given is:

- Transition diagram
According to the transition table, the two possible inputs are x and y. The left-most column indicates the possible state, and the row corresponding to each state represents the next state for an input of that column. The transition diagram above is a graphical representation of this; the directed lines are from the present to next state for a given input of x or y, as marked above the line. For example, when in state B (current), an input of y results in next sate as C. Here, the final accept state (denoted by two circles) is ...

Introduction:

Enzymes are protein molecules that act as catalysts to break down substances living thing need to sustain life. Most chemical reactions are too lengthy to do this on their own; even in the cases of relatively thermodynamically favored reactions like that of the oxidation of a sugar. An example of this is the oxidation of glucose to produce water, carbon dioxide and energy. Glucose on its own can remain exposed to air for years without any appreciable oxidation. Nevertheless, it is one of the substances most quickly broken down and absorbed in the human body due to the digestive system’ ...

Bacterial Growth Curve

If a group of scientist were preparing to perform an experiment to characterize a bacterium's ability to utilize maltose as a sugar source, during which phase of the growth curve would it be best to sample the bacteria for your experiment? Why?

Bacterial growth can be divided into 4 phases, Lag phase, Log phase, Stationary phase and Death phase. Adaptation of bacteria to the environment mainly happens during the Lag phase. Bacteria start utilizing available nutrients and multiple in Log phase. In this case, the ability of Maltose utilization of a strain of bacteria could be done determined in the log phase. ...

Introduction

Arable soil can be described as soil tilled or ploughed regularly, usually under a crop rotation system. It is also an agricultural soil that is filled by crops sown as well as harvested in a similar agricultural year, at times over one time. Soil can as well be regarded as arable if it is utilized as temporary hayfields for pasture or mowing, kitchen and market gardens, and temporary fallow land. This means that this kind of soil is not sown for one or more seasons of growing, but it is not left to lie idle for over five years. Arable soil ...

The amino acid is a hydrophobic and aromatic essential amino acid. The compound is relatively non-reactive because of the benzene ring in its structure. Since it is nonpolar, the amino acid does not dissolve in water. Due to its hydrophobic nature, the amino acid is buried in the hydrophobic core of protein structures. However, the aromatic side chain in the structure of the amino acid affects protein structure by staking with the aromatic side chains of other amino acids. The side chain of the amino acid is relatively non-reactive and as such is not often involved in the functions of ...

Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, is involved in the manufacturing process of all proteins in the body. It synthesizes proteins that repair and replace worn out tissues in the body. Stem cells (undifferentiated cells with the ability to differentiate) researches have shown that cells from some regions of the body can differentiate into different tissues. Therefore, they can replace worn out tissues and hence function as a repair mechanism. These cells can be induced to become tissue or organ cells. Scientists argue that perhaps the stem cells may carry out similar functions as DNA hence can replace it. This paper seeks to ...

Abstract

Cell membranes act as hindrances to most, not all, molecules. Advancement of a cell layer that could permit a few materials to pass while obliging the movement of different molecules was a significant venture in the evolution of the unit. Unit membranes are differentially (or semi-) penetrable obstructions dividing the internal cell environment from the external cell (or) nature's domain.

Water potential is the inclination of water to move from a zone of higher focus to one of easier fixation. Energy exists in two structures: potential and kinetic. Water molecules move consistent with contrasts in potential energy between where they are and ...

What is Down syndrome?

Down syndrome also known as Trisomy 21 is a chromosomal condition where a person possesses extra genetic material that is: an extra complete or fractional duplicate of chromosome 21. It is one of the most common birth defects. It affects 1 in 800 to 1 in 1000 live born infants. Close to half of all affected children develop heart defects right from birth (Goldstein 71).

Causes

Down syndrome is typically caused by non-disjunction; when one of the three types of abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 occurs. Non-disjunction occurs when a pair of chromosomes fails to detach during sperm or egg formation. After ...

- Sperms are normally produced in the seminiferous tubes. After production sperms are stored in the epididymis where they get to mature. During ejaculation sperms travel from the epididymis along tubes known as the vas deferens. When sperms pass by the seminal vesicle and the prostate fluids get added to the sperms. The sperms then pass by the Cowper’s gland where even more fluids are added. The semen then reaches the urethra through which it exists the human body as semen. The fluids added to the semen are very necessary because they ensure travel of the sperms. They ...

Introduction

Selection of materials is an important part of engineering design. Material selection is aimed at increasing the performance as well as the life of the engineering component and hence, very important for success of engineering component. The nature of loading, expected life, working environment amongst other factors determines the material to be selected for a particular application.

Therefore, engineers and designers must determine the properties of materials before they incorporate them in their design. Mechanical properties of materials such as ultimate tensile strength, Modulus of Elasticity, proof stress, specific strength, toughness and density amongst others are some of the important ...

Both paragraphs present the summary of Michael Moore’s “Why Most Students Cheat”. However, the second paragraph does a better job of summarizing the argument as it presents the ideas in the original material. This is shown through the use of second person pronouns in the discussion of each idea. The first summary also refers to Moore as the author of the original material, but the use of “I” in the second sentence arouses confusion as to whose ideas are being discussed in the paragraph.

The second summary is more unified than the first one. It starts by ...

- Describe the three main layers of the Sun's interior.

The three main layers of the sun are referred to as photosphere, chromosphere and the corona. According to the text ‘Discovering the Universe’ by Comins, N.F & Kaufmann III, W.J, 8th edition, each of these layers has different features that makes them different from one another.

The photosphere is the layer that appears to be the major part of the sun where visible light comes from. Photosphere is about 400km thick with a lower density when compared to that of earth standards. This part of the sun also has a blackbody spectrum. In terms of the sun's atmosphere, photosphere ...

DNA fingerprinting requires the use of certain methodologies and tools to ensure that the sequencing process of the DNA is accurate. DNA extraction is a critical step in DNA fingerprinting. To obtain the DNA, the source has to be living as I learned from the Utah site.

Certain additives are necessary in the extraction process. These include salt and alcohol. The salt helps the DNA to stick together while the alcohol is used for precipitating the DNA. The making of several images of the DNA requires the application of certain tools, which the Utah site provides a very good example. The ...

Assignment 4

4. Describe the three (3) main layers of the Sun's interior.
The three (3) main layers of the Sun’s interior are the Core, Radiation Zone, and Convection Core. First, the Sun’s Core or innermost part, is tightly packed and with a temperature of about 1.5x107 K. It extends from the Sun’s center to the photosphere (that is, approximately 0.25 solar radius or 1.75x105 km). It is at the Sun’s Core that thermonuclear reactions occur because of the enormous temperature and pressures. Second, the Sun’s Radiation Zone or the middle interior part, where energy ...

Q1. Describe the three main layers of the Sun’s interior.

The three main layers of the Sun’s interior are the core, the radiative envelope and the connective envelope.

The core is the center of the Sun, with a density of 150 g/cc and a temperature of 15 million K. This is the region where high energy fusion reactions take place and energy is produced. The energy produced is mainly in the form neutrino and gamma rays, which are actually high energy protons which travel several light years and supply energy to the Earth and other planets. The energy produced in the core then radiates outwards through the radiative zone. The ...

1. New born screening tests are to detect a newborn baby for different diseases and disorders that might be knowable at the time of the birth. I agree with this practice. The argument against it is that it might taint the babies life since from day 1 the parents will be aware of serious complications.
I think this can easily be compared to buying a car. You would want to know what issues you face in the purchase of it.

2. Cloning in biology is when two different animals share the same DNA. So far there has not been huge ...

Meiosis refers to the form of cellular reproduction where the division of cells results into the chromosome number being reduced by half and results in haploid cells. Mitosis, on the other hand, is the process through which cells divide producing daughter cells, which are diploid, and a replica of the parent cell (Department of Genetics, 2004).

Meiosis usually takes place in the sexual reproduction processes while mitosis takes place in asexual and cellular reproduction as well as in the general growth and body repair. Meiosis usually takes place in humans, plants, animals, and fungi and mitosis take place in all ...

Introduction

CD4 is a cellular immune response co-receptor that raises the avidity of relationship between an antigen-presenting cell and a T-cell through interaction with non-polymorphic parts of the complex between T-cell receptor and major histocompatibility class II molecules. It directly contributes to transduction of signal via cytoplasmic relationship with the lymphocyte kinase. CD4 also plays a role as the high-affinity receptor for attachment of cells as well as entrance of HIV. The CD4 extracellular part consists of domains that resemble immunoglobulin D1 to D4. This component of the CD4 has been qualified as a recombinant soluble protein, and crystal structures have been identified for ...

Introduction

Transgressive system tracts [TST]

It is formed by the rise in sea level over the shelf edge and the general conditions of the transgressions. Sediment deposited on the shelf and slope sedimentation moves toward the continent as a transgressive series. TST presented retrogradatsionnym package parasikvensov characterizing transgression as the shelf and in the coastal lowlands.
In zashelfovoy area due to lack of precipitation formed clay-fused incision [condensed-section deposits]. The foot of the front surface is called transgressive [transrgessive surface]. It represents the maximum flooding surface, which marks the beginning of transgression, reflected in a shift of the coastline in the ...

DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, is often called the “blueprint of life.” That’s because almost every living organism on this planet, whether bacterium, plant, fungus, or animal contains some form of the molecule. The information contained in the DNA’s coding segments, called genes, determines whether the organism turns out to be a fish or a dandelion, a person or a chimp. It also creates the characteristics that make one individual similar to, but still different from, another. No two people’s DNA – even identical twins’ – is exactly alike (Ruff, 2002).

DNA is double-stranded. Two strands are linked together ...

The human body is constituted in about 20% by protein. Proteins, on their hand, are constituted by amino acids. Therefore, the intake of proteic food is very important so that the proteins of such foods may be metabolized and the amino acids and energy gathered to maintain the body’s protein levels.

The existence of correct amounts of amino acids in the body is essential for several functions:

- the body’s skeletal muscle constitution;
- for transport of nutrients to the same cells;
- cell repair;
- cell communication:
- influence on organs’ good function;
- eliminating residues from metabolism;
- amino acids are also nutrients in itself, ...

Introduction

Scenario planning as a business methodology involves the evaluation of available scenarios with a final settle down on one specific option. In employing scenario planning, possible decision outcomes and their results are exploited through a simulated process. The organization then narrows down to one definite line of action that would probably occasion the occurrence of one scenario.

Microsoft Company performed a scenario planning tailored towards addressing the learning problem gap through application of Microsoft software. The first stage in the scenario planning case involved identification of uncertainties on the question. The question in this case was the manner in which learners could employ ...

Report on Case 1: Diagnosis of Hereditary Fructose Intolerance

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, they speed up biological reactions and are also capable of regulation. Enzymatic reactions can be anabolic – where a new substance is built from smaller ones; or catabolic – where a substance is broken down to yield simpler molecules. In the example of fructose, enzymes catabolize this simple sugar to substances that are intermediates of the glycolytic pathway, allowing fructose, a 6-carbon sugar, to be used by cells to obtain energy in a way similar to glucose (also a 6-varbon sugar). Aldolase B is one of the enzymes involved in the catabolism of fructose, and its deficiency results in ...

1. Compare and contrast organic, inorganic and solid phase approaches for DNA isolation

Organic isolation takes place after the DNA has been released from the cell and a further purification is to be conducted. The purification is done in order to remove the contaminating proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and cell debris. Organic isolation makes use of a combination of high salt, low pH and an organic mixture of phenol and chloroform. The mixture dissolves hydrophobic contaminants and then strips away most of the DNA associated proteins. The DNA precipitate in this method is collected by centrifugation. The DNA pellet is then dissolved in rehydration buffer. Inorganic isolation method is used in cases that do not ...

Programming Logic

In any programming activity, one has to develop the simplest expression of the final program so as to help in creating the program. This program expression may be in form of a pseudo code or a flowchart or even both.

Ease arrangement of commands.

Easy monitoring of execution sequence.
Simple to read, understand and create so as to assemble the main program.
Does not depend on the programming language in compilation.
However, some problems are attached to this program expression. They include:
Difficulty in determining whether the sequence in correct or wrong.
Most computers have programming languages that do not ...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome is a life threatening condition that is caused by a virus from the Coronaviridae family. The SARS virus is believed to have originated from the Guangdong province of southern China before spreading to Hong Kong, Canada and the United States of America. The virus has an incubation period of 2 to 7 days but it may last up to 10 days. Like other respiratory disease, SARS is spread through direct contact; long range and short range. The major agent of transmission is the droplet nuclei. The symptoms of the disease include: fever, chills, malaise, cough, dyspnea and ...

Kinetic theory of matter tries to explain all molecules in terms of motion. The theory posits that every substance consists of many small particles referred to as molecules. Substances in this case are called matter and are in three forms; solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have molecules that are closer to each other by intermolecular forces. Liquids on the other hand have molecules slightly far apart with gases the furthest apart. Furthermore, according to this theory all the molecules are in constant random motion referred to as Brownian motion (Chang, 2004).

The study of heat relates to kinetic theory ...

Question one. List at list two main goal(s) of this publication

1).The purpose of the publication is to broaden the information available for the organizations involved in the fight against counterfeit organizations with vibration spectroscopy.
2.) The Second purpose of this publication is providing a model for identifying counterfeit products with genuine products.

Question two. Identify two analytical technique used in this publication and provide the basic theory of this technique.

The first analytical technique used in the journal is Raman spectroscopy. This technique is used in the study of rotational and vibration models in a system. The spectroscopic technique relies on the effect of inelastic scattering and Raman scattering of single wavelength light emitted from a laser in the near infrared, visible and near ultraviolet regions of the ...

1.0 Introduction

Nano-thermal analysis is a primary technique used in the study of the characteristics of pharmaceutical materials in the initial phase of drug design and development. Some of the drug properties that can be studied using nano-thermal analysis include the spatial distribution of the constituents, shape, and size particularly in multicomponent drug sample. Using nano-thermal procedures the different components of these multicomponent drugs can be studied and characterized without having to dissociate the drug. The technique is particularly useful in increasing the dissolution of drugs with low water solubility hence improve their bioavailability. This is by facilitating the formation of solid ...

Introduction

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are very important processes. This paper highlights these two processes by giving an in-depth explanation of how these processes occur, where they occur, their importance, and the equations. The paper starts with the photosynthesis process as it answers the guiding questions, and ends with the cellular respiration process.
Photosynthesis is the process of conversion of light energy into chemical energy and then storing it in sugar bonds. It occurs in plants and algae of the kingdom Protista.
Photosynthesis is a process whereby the green plants utilize energy from the sun to convert water, carbon ...

Pythagorean triples have been first mentioned in the second millennium BC by Babylonians. The triple consists of three positive integers a, b and c, which are related to each other by the Pythagorean theorem a2 + b2 = c2. Thus, they represent the length of the three sides of a right Pythagorean triangle. Primitive Pythagorean triples are the triples, which are co-prime, therefore the only common positive divisor is 1.

One of the methods for generating Pythagorean triples was proposed by Leonardo of Pisa. His technique uses consequent odd integers, such as 1 and 3, then add them together in order to generate the ...

Abstract

Heredity and hormones participate in key roles in human behavior. The nervous and the endocrine system collaborate in a constant chemical conversation with the endocrine system aiding in coordinating and incorporating multifaceted psychological responses. In this essay, I will contrast and compare the control of heredity and hormones on human behavior. I will also incorporate a discussion on the endocrine system, recognition of hormones and the glands accountable for secreting them, and genetics, behavior genetics, and evolutionary psychology.

Introduction

Several factors influence the manner in which the human behavior grows particularly hormones and heredity. Individuals are molded by life incidents and how ...

Personality development

Personality development is the evolution of a logical course of characters and attitudes, which ensures an individual is unique. Personality development takes place through the continuous interaction of character, temperament, and the individual’s surrounding. Character is what makes an individual distinct and identifiable immediately after birth. Different factors have played a crucial role in shaping my personality, and among these factors, we have genes, which determine most of the people’s personalities but no gene specifies the character. However, they only organize the development of the nervous system that in turn molds the personality.
The other aspect that has ...

Abstract

This report gives a detailed description of chromatography as in related to chemical lectures obtained from thinkingwell.com. The report is subdivided into subheadings to give detail descriptions of the method. The main method used is TLC

Introduction

Chromatography is a chemical method for separating assortments of coloured chemicals known as pigments. It is the most significant separation technique for bio molecules. The result of chromatography experimentation is a chromatogram. All chromatographic arrangements include a stationary phase, a mobile phase sample, and substrate.

How the Retention factor, Rf , value is determined

The retention factor, or Rf, is described as the distance travelled by the compound from origin divided by the distance travelled by the ...

Description of Down syndrome

Down’s syndrome is a genetic disorder that is characterized by mental retardation mostly caused by trisomy 21 (three sets of chromosomes instead of a pair) which is present in 95% of persons with Down syndrome. A combination of normal diploid and trisomy 21 cell known as mosaicism occurs in 2% while 3% have a Robertsonian translocation whereby all or part of an extra chromosome 21 is joined to another chromosome. Majority of the chromosome-21 translocations occur sporadically but some are inherited from a parent with the parent with the defective chromosome. The occurrence of trisomy 21 is due to a meiotic error in ...

Write a 200 to 300 word response explaining how the physiological process of reproduction differs among the following organisms: Bacteria, Grasshopper, Fish, and Bear.

Among the four groups given, bacteria are the only animals that are capable of reproducing either asexually or sexually (Mader, 2004). This means that the reproduction process can either involve two parents or one parent. When bacteria reproduce asexually they produce offspring identical to the parent in a process called binary fission. The parent bacterium splits into two daughter cells. In sexual reproduction, the offspring is a product of two bacteria (Mader, 2004).

In the case of grasshoppers, ...

1.0 Introduction
As men advance in age, there are several changes that occur in their reproductive system. The changes particularly occur within the testes. The testicular mass decreases with aging. There is a decline in the levels of testosterone and as a consequence of the decline, men tend to have decreased libido and reduced number of spermatozoa. Aging in itself does not render a man sexually incompetent rather it presents several challenges to sexual performance. Some men develop erectile dysfunction although this may not necessarily be a direct consequence of aging. It may be caused by medications such as the ones used ...

Mendel’s Inheritance Patterns

Mendel’s approach in explaining genetic inheritance was different from the common genetic knowledge then, in that he explained that each trait was as a result of a pair of genes commonly referred to as alleles (O’Neil, 2011). The accepted knowledge back then was then traits (phenotypes) in living things were a blend from the parents. However, the Mendel’s approach contradicted with this notion arguing that there could never be a blend of traits in an offspring but existence of phenotypes being as either recessive or dominant. “An individual is said to be heterozygous when two alleles differ and homozygous when ...

Meiosis and mitosis

Gene transfer occurs during cell division from mother cells to daughter cells. The DNA carries the genetic information transfer which it from one cell to another during cell division. Genes are located on the DNA strand that is contained in a chromosome. Mitosis and meiosis are the two types of cell division that occur during reproduction in various organisms. Mitosis involves the nucleus dividing into two identical daughter cells. Mitosis goes in hand with cytokinesis, which result in two separate daughter cells at the end of division. The process of mitosis takes place in four phases namely the prophase, metaphase, ...

Introduction
The nutritional content of many foods is of great concern to human health. Most companies indicates the nutritional contents of each ingredients in its packed foods, however, this is based on wrong calculation providing misleading information. This is very dangerous. A perfect method according to (Bluman, 2005) is presented in analyzing three foods for its fat and protein content.

Incorrect formulae used by companies

Percentage=*100

Correct formulae

Percentage=*100

Breakfast: zymil low fat milk-perserve (250ml) 473kJ. 8.5g protein, 3.3g fat,12.3g carbs, 12.3g sugar, 150ml sodium , 313mg calcium

1calorie=0.0041858 kg

473kJ=113001 calories

Protein calories= 8.5*4=34

...

Question 1: In some developing countries, antibiotics can be purchased without a prescription. Why do you think this is done? What biological consequences would you predict?

Developing countries have a very weak drug regulation system, characterized with low number of physicians per person. Often, one physician has to attend to a large number of patients, and usually some communities live in places where physicians are rare and hospitals are not easily accessible. In addition, the fees charged for just seeing a physician is quite high for moist people to afford. The government thus allows the sale of some antibiotics in shops and chemist ...

Cloning As an Application of Biotechnology

According to Levine (2009), Cloning can be defined as the reproduction without sex. The basic definition of sex in this context is the joining of genetic material from two parents to form an embryo. Cloning, however, does not use the technique of directly joining the female and male gamete, but it uses the fact that DNA can be duplicated by inserting DNA into a host cell (Levine, 2009).

During cloning, a fragment of DNA extracted from a cell and containing the gene to be cloned into a vector (Brown, 2010). The vector in this case acts as a vehicle that is going to be ...

Part I

Original DNA Strand:

3’-TACCCTTTAGTAGCCACT-5’

Transcription (base sequence of RNA):

5’-UTGGGUUUTCUTCGGTGU-3’

Translation (amino acid sequence):

3’-TACCCTTTAGTAGCCACT-5’

What is the significance of the first and last codons?

Explanation: The first and last codons are very essential in that they dictate and command the direction of the transcription and synthesis of mRNA from the 5’ end towards the 3’ ends. Additionally, the first and last codons act like terminal points where protein synthesis begins and where it actually ends hence these codons actually determine the size of the animo acids produced which determine the type of and size of protein synthesized (Hartl, 2011).

What meaning do these codons have for protein synthesis?

Explanation: These codons are ...

Chemical and Biological Agents and Radiation

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN): HCN is a highly toxic chemical blood agent in the form of a colorless gas. Cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory and thyroid effects can occur as a result of chronic low exposure to HCN (Blanc, Hogan, Hryhorczuk, Hessl & Bernard, 1985). In case of exposure to liquid HCL, mild soapy water can be used for decontamination. Either sodium or amyl nitrite combined with sodium thiosulfate can be can be used as an antidote for the effects of HCN poisoning (USAMRICD, 2000). Treating patients with poor oxygen-carrying capacity can be a bit challenging because nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia can be harmful. (Chandra, Gupta, Bhargava, ...

Formation of bone during foetal development occurs through the process of ossification. This process is extremely important to proper bone length, density, and uniform skeletal formation. It is driven by a complex network of genes that code for signalling proteins whose function is to turn the ossification process on, off, or slow it down. Defects in these genes can cause problems with the ossification process, and can lead to conditions of skeletal dysplasia (improper formation of bone). One such condition is Achondroplasia, one of the most common forms of dwarfism, or congenital short stature (Lister Hill National Centre for Biomedical ...

Question #1

Three main layers of the interior of the Sun are convection zone, radiation zone and the core.The central part of the Sun with a radius of about 150-175 thousand km (ie, 20-25% of the radius of the Sun), in which are thermonuclear reactions, called a solar core. The density of material in the core is about 150 000 kg / m ³ (150 times higher than the density of water and ~ 6.6 times higher than the density of the densest metal on the Earth - osmium), and the temperature in the center of the core is over 14 million K. A ...

Lipids insolubility in water is general. Lipids structure has great number of variety. There are two types of fatty acids naturally, may be saturated or unsaturated. Unsaturated acids have lesser melting point than saturated ones. There are two polyunsaturated fatty acids, linolenic and linoleic, their absence in the human diet has been associated with health problems so they designated essential. Their absence can cause scaly skin, increased dehydration and stunted growth.

Lipids and oxidation of carbohydrates provide all needed energy to the human body. Lipids are primarily energy reserves and carbohydrates are readily available source of energy. Lipids have ...

Opportunistic pathogen

A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause a disease or has the ability to cause a disease. An opportunistic pathogen is not different from any other kind of pathogen. The only difference is that, an opportunistic pathogen can cause a disease in a person who has a lower immunity or an impaired immune system, but not in someone who is healthy. In other words, an opportunistic pathogen, which can otherwise not harm a person, finds an opportunity to establish himself in the affected person’s body and cause some kind of disease (Pirofski, 2012).

An example of an opportunistic pathogen is the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which ...

Abstract

Factor V Leiden is a genetic mutation that confers resistance to the action of activated protein C and thus predisposes to venous thromboembolism. It’s inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and is prevalent amongst Caucasians with a carrier rate of 4%. Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are the most common clinical manifestations of FVL related VTE although it can also affect other sites. Genetic testing for FVL is used for diagnostic as well as predictive purposes. Diagnosis of FVL is based on protein assays and

DNA analysis technology. Familial genetic testing for FVL is generally not recommended except in ...

School:

Purpose and function of TCP/IP

The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite is a set of protocols that describe the functions necessary for sending data over a network. These protocols define acceptable data formats and standards for passing messages, handling errors and for communication. The suite provides the foundation for many crucial services such as file transfer, electronic mail, remote login, network monitoring among others[ CITATION Tan03 \l 1033 ]. It is designed to separate the functions of the various facets of data transmission. International open standards make is possible for different companies to write software that is compatible. When data is ...

What is the chemical formula for ozone gas?

Ozone is present in the troposphere, a part of the atmosphere. Ozone consist of 3 molecules of Oxygen. The chemical formula for ozone is O3. Ozone is also called as tri-oxygen since it consists of 3 molecules of oxygen bound to each other by covalent bonds. The structure and formula of ozone were identified in the year 1865. However, it is less stable than Oxygen and blue in color.

How does ozone form in the stratosphere?

Ozone is found in both, the stratosphere and the troposphere. The formation of ozone in both these layers is distinct. Stratospheric ozone is formed in two simple steps. Initial step involves ...

Article 1 Attachment Theory and Adult Relationships

A-Compare and contrast this research to prior studies as described in the article. That is, according to the researchers, what makes this study unique?

Unlike other studies, this research involved testing series of theoretical predictors connecting attachments working models and their effectiveness. Specific types of caregiving of dating partners display at a stressful conflict resolution time were given a priority (Simpson et al., 2007). Upon admission, each partner had to complete an adult interview attachment after which they were video-taped during the process of their problem solving. The authors’ coordination and arrangement of every event that led to the broader ...

A loophole enables several victims to avoid the law. Therefore, a loophole is a form of refuge in audacity, which allows the victims to claim that they were following the rules and the truth is that they are guilty (Marshall 2005). However, in this case, the loophole is not really a loophole because there is a possibility that the victim was wrongly convicted. It is the responsibility of the judge to defend his client against any injustice. Since the DNA contamination that was supposed to clear the victim guilty or innocent was unlikely, therefore the society should not condemn the victim without clear ...

Colonialism, social change as well as resistance to revolution and colonialism are overarching themes throughout the films, Salt of the Earth, the Battle of the Algiers and the Memories of Underdevelopment. This paper seeks to review the films with a view to exploring how revolution and resistance are dealt with, in the films. This exploration will also provide answers to the critical questions of the intention of the film makers while making the film. In this process, the paper shall conduct an audit of the success or failure of the filmmakers in putting across their message to the audience in ...