Laboratory Reports Samples For Students

Introduction

Lab is a simple word used to shorten the word laboratory. It is a place in which experiments are carried out. These experiments include medical, physical and biological experiments (Martin 2004). Research is also done in laboratories. Laboratory equipment is an apparatus used in conducting experiments. Lab equipments vary from one laboratory to the other. Lab equipment integrity means using the equipments in the laboratory in the best way in order to produce accurate data that is used in research and experiments (Melissa 2000).

Objectives

The main objective of making a report on lab equipment integrity is to develop a complete program that provides ...

Introduction

The objective of this report is to summarize the key methods, procedures, goals and objectives, and takeaways from a series of individual laboratory experiments conducted throughout the course. Specifically, it is a summary of Exercises 1 on Phylum Porifera (Sponges), 2 on Phylum Cnidaria (Hydras), 3 on Phylum Platyhelminthes (Planarians), 4 on Phylum Annelida (Clamworms and Earthworms), 5 on Phylum Mollusca (Clams), and other exercises on Phylum Arthropoda (Crayfish), Deuterostome (Phylum Echinodermata, Sea Star), among others. Despite their number, the individual laboratory experiments, in fact, have one thing in common. That is their key objective is to be able ...

Introduction and Background

In assessing the impact of microbes in the New South Wales (NSW) health system, it was discovered after laboratory testing evaluating Part A and B categories different types of colonies were discovered, for laboratory 1 evaluations. In laboratory 11specimens used in this experiment were blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid; sputum, swabs from and

Mucous membranes.

Bacteria colony morphology:-. E Coli. This bacterium appeared to be creamy, shinny and rose to a level of 2-3 mm. M Luteus. This one was yellow shinny circular and rose to 1-2 mm. Fungal colony morphology; Saccharomytes cerevsaie ( yeast) and Aspergillus nidulans ( Mould ). Precautions must be taken while ...

of HT22 Cells derived from Mouse Hippocampus

Sections I and II

Biology
Section I
1. Introduction
Fluorescent protein development research has gained increased knowledge about the range in the color palette available from the Aequorea Victoria jellyfish. The wavelength emissions in the blue to yellow range are now better understood. [1] Another area that has seen a great improvement in knowledge is the understanding of emissions of the monomeric fluorescent protein emissions in the orange to far-red spectral region. [1] The spectral region of fluorescent in the orange to far-red is derived appropriate reef coral species. [1] This area of research ...

Remote Access to Academic Trials and Testing

Executive Summary:
The major focus of the project is to provide a new dimension in carrying out practical laboratory researches online through innovative employment of available technologies. This service is intended for Msc students and not those taking their undergraduate programs.
The project is directionally intended to explore how web 2.0 technologies can be integrated with the already existing communication technologies to allow students carry out laboratory research online and from any part of the world.
The issue to be addressed by the project is common to almost all the academic areas where there is an overriding ...

Abstract

The objective of this laboratory experiment is to examine the qualities of projectile motion. Considering the movement of a steel ball in the horizontal plane, the initial velocity that is possessed by the steel ball can be ascertained from the assessed range. Considering the assumed initial velocity of the steel ball, the range of the projectile will be assessed for a variety of initial angles. The initial angles and will be computed by the application of the theory with regards to motion for constant acceleration.

THEORY

Considering a given initial speed demonstrated by v0→, with an initial velocity demonstrated by s0→ that is ...

Analysis of Culture Cell KU812F with Three Protocols

Abstract
Protein analysis for cancer cell research has been found to be extremely reliable. The culture cell KU812F (chronicle myeloid leukemia cell line) was used for this laboratory. Globin gene switching was observed by evaluating the gene expression in the cells. Gene expression and protein folding were provoked. Gene expression is the process of transcribing DNA to cDNA and then used qPCR to study gene expression. cDNA was translated into mRNA which in turn is translated into a protein. mRNA concentration was analyzed. The three protocols were Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Enzyme-Linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), and ...

Executive summary

This piece examines ten departments in the hospital that have contributed to the milestones achieved this year. These departments include Dermatology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Pulmonary, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radiology and Imaging Orthopedics, and Neurology. This piece describes common diseases seen, significant procedures and services, relevant diagnostic services and the specialty teams in each department.

Introduction

In this fiscal year, the hospital departments have demonstrated excellent performance that has transcended the strategic plan. Under the leadership of the chief executive officer, this hospital has attained its vision and mission that aim to be responsive to client needs through the provision ...

While working in the laboratory it is extremely important to remember safety rules. It is not allowed to work in the laboratory without special clothes – robe and safety goggles. Leaving the premises of the laboratory with a robe on is also prohibited. Using protective clothing helps to prevent chemical burns in case of dangerous substances being spilt. Students are not allowed to eat and store food in the laboratory as it might become contaminated. It is prohibited to take utensils and reagents out for laboratory. Personal belongings (bags, folders, etc.) should be kept in specially designated areas, not on ...

:

ABSTRACT
The RLC resonance in a circuit is a circuit in which the arrangements follow or consist of a resistor, inductor and capacitor. This lap report is not a confined order. It can take a different order, i.e. an inductor, a resistor and a capacitor thus LRC. This arrangement can be connected in series or parallel depending on the topic in question. In this circuit, RLC circuit resonance, form a harmonic oscillation for current in seen in the cathode ray tube, oscilloscope. This laboratory work or experiment tries to determine the behavior of an RLC resonance circuit in terms of the resonance frequency as displayed in ...

Lab Report:

Abstract
The tidal cycle of natural water bodies present challenges for sampling and interpreting physical, chemical and biological data. The Rainbow Channel at Morton Bay was the location for a field work project on sampling characteristics about the biota and about water quality parameters. Rainbow Channel experiences ocean flushing dependent on daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual at regular natural time intervals. Both daytime and night time sampling took place to better understand 24 hourly and daily cycles of nutrient concentrations, salinity, temperature, fluorescence and currents. Primary productivity takes place at different three different depths. The rate of productivity depends ...

Introduction

A number of equipments are used in carrying out experimental activities in the laboratory. Knowledge of the use of these equipments is very critical to the success of experimental activities in the lab as well as ensuring the safety of the components as well as the person carrying out the experiments.
2. Purpose
The purpose of this experiment on equipment usage and measurement is to be familiar with the way to properly handle and use laboratory equipment and based on the knowledge of the equipment learnt know how to set up experiments using these equipment.
3. Equipment

The equipment used in this particular laboratory setup include the following

Function generator
...

TA
ABSTRACT – Genetic engineering now has straight forward ecofriendly strategies to produce transformation in plasmids. The transformation process allows engineers to introduce DNa with specific desired capabilities into a host plasmid. In this way plants can be created that are able to resist a particular enemy or stressor without having to use toxics like herbicides and insecticides. The bacteria E. Coli was used to determine whether it can be made resistant to ampicillin or not. AmpR was integrated into the host cells and the tracer, GFP was used to identify expressed cells. The laboratory demonstrated that transformation by plasmids so ...

- The hierarchy of business decision makers categorizes organizations based on how they use business research to make decisions. List and explain the three levels in the hierarchy.
- Top level management composing of the CEOs, managing directors, general managers, etc. they are the people who plan and oversee the business performance.
- Middle level management; composing of assistant managers, senior managers etc. they are responsible for planning the implementation of the policies of the business to achieve set objectives.
- Operational level employees. This is the last level in business hierarchy. It comprises of the ...

TORSION LABORATORY

Objective
The objective of this experiment was to determine the relationship between load and angular deflection of a mild steel bar, the maximum shear stress applied to the bar and its modulus of rigidity.

Apparatus

- Torsion test rig
- Weight hangers
- Masses
- Rule
- Calipers

Procedure

- A distance L was set between two angle indicators. Then the fixings were tightened to make sure that it was not moving. The indicators were set to zero on both the scales.
- The effective radius of the pulley and the diameter of the steel shaft ...

Abstract

This experiment sort to find an accurate and most viable method that would be used in laboratories to the measurement of iron concentration in aqueous samples. The methodologies that were identified for further analysis included; colorimetric assay (molecular spectroscopy), flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, redox titration (volumetric) and cation exchange chromatography (EMA technique). These methods were analyzed of their advantages and later subjected to a validation test. In the process, a wide range of CRMs were used alongside six other samples that contained unknown iron concentration.

The experiment was thus, geared towards providing answers to statements like; the necessity of quantification of ...

Analysis of laboratory department

"Calculate, using one of the FTE formulas to justify, how many full-time employees are necessary. Assume that the full-time employees will work five 8-hour shifts. The minimum amount of employees per shift is: 1 pathologist, 2 laboratory technologists, and 1 front office person.
Provide details as to the services the laboratory offers and the revenue it can generate for the hospital to help the CFO put this information into perspective.

Provide a cost analysis of the day-to-day operation expenses of the department.

Analyze cost using the cost classifications of direct versus indirect and flexible/variable/semivariable.
Combine the information into a PowerPoint slide presentation to present to the hospital CFO. Make the ...

Introduction

In any blood bank laboratory, definite tests must be done on all donated blood. This incorporates typing to verify the donor's ABO blood grouping and Rhesus factors in addition to several screens to guarantee the safety of the blood. Screening is usually conducted for unanticipated red blood cell antibodies that could cause severe reactions in the recipient and bacterial contamination in components of platelets as well as present and precedent transmissible infections. Each unit of donated blood is usually tested for Hepatitis C, HIV, Human T-Lymph tropic Virus, Syphilis, West Nile Virus and Malaria. But before any test is ...

Abstract

The aim of the experiment is to plot the calibration curve for deteremination of antigen 4D5 by performing ELISA experiment. The primary antibody was blocked by bovine serum albumin, then it reacted with IgG (secondary antibody). Then, the system was washed with carbonate, blocking and substrate buffers. Three replicate experiments were performed, and the experiment was performed with the serial dilutions. By measuring the optical density of the diluted solutions, the calibration line was obtained and the region with the linear dependence “concentration – optical density” was determined. The callibaraion line can be used for the practical tasks: for detecting ...

Employee grievances are bound to occur, especially in the places of work. Employees raise various complaints due to different reasons. The reasons that usually drive employees to raise complaints include the individual victimization, changes in the terms and conditions of the employment agreement, and concerns in the health and safety regulations of the company. Factors that motivate employees to raise their grievances such as the alteration in the cultural norms of the employment, the failure to offer the set standard wages and bonuses to the employees as well as the changes in the usual terms of operation or practices.
...

List of Figures

Figure 1 Protein concentrations under the four conditions 7
Figure 2 Protein standard curve via Bradford assay at 595 nm 13
Figure 3 Protein standard curve via BCA assay at 490 nm 15

List of Tables

Introduction
Proteins are essential for life and we depend on them to interact with cellular molecules in order to live (Pace et al. 2004). Increasing the knowledge about protein solubility is significant for biological studies because increased protein concentrations enhance studies of cellular structures and functions (Golovanov, Hautbergue, Wilson, & Lian, 2004). Accurate protein quantization is also necessary for cellular studies (Johnson, 2012).
The environmental conditions of ...

Introduction

This laboratory experiment is about the simulation and testing of sinusoidal circuits in steady state and the analysis of the currents and voltages in the circuits. The circuits being analyzed are (1) an RC circuit and (2) an RLC circuit. The steady-state voltages and currents are evaluated if they comply with KVL and KCL. Additionally, in the RLC circuit, the power dissipated on the resistor and the total power delivered by the source are compared and analyzed.

Purpose of the Experiment

The purpose of this experiment is to measure the steady-state currents and voltages in the RC and RLC circuits (by experimentation and ...

Chemicals have hazardous characteristics. These characteristics are; toxic, flammable, explosive and reactive. Hazard characteristics illustrate the chemical and physical aspects that have the ability of causing damage to individuals, environment and also property. Chemicals are usually hazardous, and similarly also the chemical processes and equipment. Accidents usually occur in the laboratory, and it illustrates events occurrences that generate unintended death, property damage and injury. Laboratory incidences illustrate the containment loss, of materials and resultant energy. Consequences illustrate the analysis of expected effects of the incident; for instance, lung failure or cancer. Scenario illustrates the events description, which causes accidents. ...

Introduction

The neurophysiology of nerve pulses in the cell were the subject of the online laboratory experiment in order to better understand neuron communication from inside a cell to the outside of a cell. One of the incredible characteristics of the nervous system is its capability to communicate due to the existence of neurons. Neurons show a measurable response to their environment by producing an electrical signal. We can smell due to olfactory sensory neurons that can directly react to perfume, food or anything with an odor; these odors are the sensory stimuli. The function of the receptor potential is to trigger an ...

Assignment

Calculate the theoretical discharge for each trial using Eqn. 5.

Replacing all the values
= 5.4 * 6 * 9.81/2 * (2/3)3/2 * 1.53/2
=36.69

Trial 2:

Replacing all the values
= 5.3 * 6 * 9.81/2 * (2/3)3/2 * 1.753/2
= 61.86

Trial 3:

Replacing all the values
= 5.2 * 6 * 9.81/2 * (2/3)3/2 * 23/2
= 90.59

Trial 4:

Replacing all the values
= 5.1 * 6 * 9.81/2 * (2/3)3/2 * 2.253/2
= 126.51

Trial 5:

Replacing all the values
= 5.04 * 6 * 9.81/2 * (2/3)3/2 * 2.53/2
= 171.5

Trial 6:

Replacing all the values
= 4.97 * 6 * 9.81/2 * (2/3)3/2 * 2.753/2
= 225.09

Trial 7:

Replacing all the values
= 4.89 * 6 * 9.81/2 * (2/3)3/2 * 33/2
...

Dissolved Oxygen

INTRODUCTION
Dissolved oxygen is a useful parameter used to determine the level of effluent in waste water treatment. Living organisms in water bodies require oxygen to break down organic matter. These organisms consume the dissolved oxygen in water and give out carbon dioxide. Oxygen does not readily dissolve in water and gets depleted quickly by increased micro-organism activity. To maintain optimal oxygen levels in a water body, the oxygen replenishing rate from the air should be equal to dissolved oxygen use by micro-organism in the water. A curve drawn to represent dissolved oxygen levels down a stream from a point of effluent ...

Caffeine is present in tea leaves and can be readily extracted. This is the producer that was demonstrated in this laboratory experiment. In the laboratory experiment, the teabags were heated to ebullition for five minutes. The ebullition was sequenced by an extraction which applied dichloromethane. All of the washings occurred in a separator funnel. The residual substrate was subsequently evaporated up to the point of where the crude caffeine remained as a residual. Sublimation was applied in order to separate the purified caffeine from the crude caffeine. The mass of the sublimate is was 0.0035g. The percentage yield of the caffeine ...

Summer 2013

Abstract
Reliable techniques to meet the needs of patients with peripheral nerve repair injuries need to be refined. One of the strategies often used is to create a nerve guidance channel or build a nerve conduit Silicone is has been found to work well as a conduit from an injury for regenerated axon cells if it does not contain foreign components. The cycle of the cleaning treatment was repeated until the Pentane-Acetone-Heat Procedure was successful and the plated cells survived for several weeks. The duration of the plating and cell count using the cleaned silicone lasted from May 3, 2013 to ...

Introduction

Bacillus Subtilis are the organisms that are aerobic, Gram Positive, spore-forming belonging to the Bacillus genus. The organisms are together with other species that are closely related play a crucial role in disease, food poisoning as well as food spoilage. Lack of methods that are standardized for the identification of the organisms whether coming from the food or environment has made the tests to be difficult. Use of morphological as well as physiological tests have offered the best ways to identify organisms in the laboratory although there are inconsistent and lack of reliance in these methods.
Identification of an ...

1. Which of the following is an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose or toxicity?a. Buspirone (BuSpar)b. Hydroxyzine (Visteril)c. Flumazenil (Romazicon)d. Naloxone (Narcan)There is one other drug overdose antidote in the above list. Name the drug and its mechanism of action. Flumazenil (Romazicon®) is another drug given to reverse the depressant effects of benzodiazepine and thus useful for overdose treatment. It acts as a competitive antagonist of benzodiazepines, having high affinity to GABAA receptors, which is the BZD binding site. This allows it to specifically target benzodiazepine and drugs with similar MOA such as zolpidem, but not other ...

Introduction

The SNAP-25 is the synaptosomal-associated protein 25 which generated different primary and secondary effects on animals and human being including death. The most important symptoms (Huang, 2004) of the SNAP-25 are:
■ Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: This affects the attention, excessive activity and difficulties in control behavior. Extreme situations may cause death.
■ RS362584 polymorphism in genes causing neuroticism in living beings, including humans. The neuroticism causes anxiety, fear, worry and frustration in individuals. In extreme cases, its causes the death.

The SNAP-25 biologically interrupts and destroys links and the structure of the ribonucleic acid of the cells.

In a laboratory analysis, the degradation of SNAP-25 will cause death if it is degraded to less than 25%.
The ...

Lab report

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the influence of phase transformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of plain carbon steel type AISI C1045. The testing of metals is necessary to learn what metal is suitable for construction of a specific item by testing how microstructures react during phase transformations. The metal used during the experiments was samples of AISI C1045 Steel also called carbon steel alloy. The samples each underwent tests for Heat Energy (ft-lb) and Hardness (HRC) at five temperatures; 70°F (assumed to be room temperature, 400°F, 700°F, 1000°F and ...

Introduction

It is important for every mobile robot to possess the ability to navigate in target environment. Navigation can be described here as the robotic system’s ability to identify its own position in an unknown area with respect to some reference point and then move to its target position. In order to navigate in its environment and reach target position correctly, an efficient control system should be designed.
The aim of this project is to design and implement a mobile robot localisation and control.The mobile robot is developed with the ability of:

Localisation System

For a positioning system, it is required ...

Executive Summary

In the year 2008, Boffi was considered to be among foremost companies of Italy in the production of the high-class kitchens with a combined turnover of around seventy-one million euros. Boffi Spa won the award in kitchen sector named "Compassod'Oro", which was a significant design award given by “Italian Industrial Design Association” to the companies and the products that eminent themselves for design philosophy and hard work.
At the very beginning, Boffi was just a gigantic dream that emerged from a small laboratory; after seventy years of its foundation, product lines of Boffi were dispensed in more than sixty ...

Based on the initial symptoms, the patient most likely suffers from hypothyroidism or low thyroid hormone disorder. Further clinical tests and an examination of the family’s medical history reveals that the particular disorder could be Hashimoto’s disease; also called Hashimoto thyroiditis. Hashimoto thyroiditis is classified as an autoimmune disease. In autoimmune disease, one's immune system attacks the body’s tissue specifically the thyroid gland (Skugor & Wilder, 2006, p.2). By attacking the thyroid gland, the disease reduces the gland’s ability to produce thyroid hormones of substantial quantity. This condition leads to hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone deficiency presents with ...

BERNOULLI’S EXPERIMENT

INTRODUCTION
This experiment aims to verify Bernoulli’s equation that relates the pressure and the velocity of a fluid. The aims of the experiment are:
A venturi meter is a device used in fluid measurements. It uses a converging section of a pipe in order to change fluid velocity or pressure. The venturi meter in this experiment is used several times to estimate flow rates and measure piezometric head values at different points along the venturi meter.
The fluid used in this experiment is water. Bernoulli’s equation is a mathematical model for ideal fluids. Because of this, the ...

Nursing:

Purpose
The goal of this investigation was to ascertain whether there would be an increase or a decrease in global CO2 emission over the next 40 years and provide possible reasons for the same.

Introduction

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the primary Greenhouses gasses (GHGs) alongside such gasses as Methane, Ozone (O3), Nitrous oxide, and Sulfur Dioxide (SO4) that are actively driving global warming and the planetary greenhouse effect. However, to understand the effects of GHGs it is paramount to comprehend the concept of the greenhouse effect. The light from the sun is not only used to light the ...

Abstract

Boots UK Limited was formerly known as Boots the Chemists Limited. During those times it was trading as Boots. Boots was a pharmacy chain which had its roots in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Boots UK, has decided to motivate and coach reps by the use of results-driven metrics. This methods includes motivating and coaching their sales team straight within the Salesforce. The business functions efficiently as a whole as a result of improvement in the operations through enhancing a sequential flow in the products and services of the company and minimizing the extent to which activities are delayed ...

ID Information: LastName, FirstName, date, Locker #, Course/Section #, lab partner’s name

The purpose of the experiment was to determine experimentally the variations in the mass of pennies both within a single mint year and over a range of years. The expected outcome is that the variations determined in the mass of the pennies both within a single mint year and over a range of years will be minimal.

References:

Suzanne Slayden, 2015, Chemistry 211, 212, 251 Laboratory Experiments, 6th Edition, GMU Bookstore, Johnson Center, page 7 - 9
Materials and Chemicals:
The materials required for the experiment are:
An electronic ...

Psychology: An Experiment carried Out to Prove the Weber’s Just Noticeable Difference by Using Varying Line Lengths as Stimulus.

Introduction
The Weber’s law is sometimes called the difference threshold law or just the difference threshold. However, several scholars also refer to it as the noticeable difference. The noticeable difference is what is termed as the total amount of stimulus intensity that should be changed in order to produce or give a significant variation in the sensory organs; nonetheless, it is a condition that is also termed as the experience of the sensory systems (Kollmeier, Brand & Meyer, 2008).
Ernst Weber was a 19th century and experimental psychologists whose works related to were quite reputable in various topics of ...

Introduction

This experiment is about the experimental measurement of the density of different substances using laboratory measuring equipment. The four measuring equipment used are the following: the digital caliper, the digital micrometer, the traditional platform balance, and the digital scale. The first two instruments are for measuring length; the last two are for measuring mass. These instruments have varying levels of precision and will be used accordingly as needed in the experiment. The dimensions of the substance will be measured using length instruments; after finding the dimensions, the volume of the substance can be computed based on the type of ...

This procedure targets people who are overweight especially those with a body mass index of 40 or more and those with body mass index of 35 and other serious medical conditions such as diabetes (Lord, 2008). It is essential for those people who can’t lose weight by exercising and cutting their diet hence has compromised their health. The center should target patients who are members of the insurance providers because the procedure is costly. The insurance providers help to offset the hospital expenses. The patient makes an appointment with a bariatric surgeon who usually carries out an assessment of his ...

Executive summary:

As a fluid flows through a pipe, there are numerous losses due to the nature and characteristic of the pipe. Such losses can be investigated in the laboratory by setting up an experiment. This report, presents the results and discussion of an experiment set up to investigate fluid flow. The laboratory experiment is designed in order to determine the relationship between the head losses resulting due to friction and the velocity of flow of the water. Secondly, the experiment is aimed at comparing the measured and calculated values of head loss determined using the pipe friction equation. The data was collected ...

Abstract

Peoples’ behaviors are many and complex; people are known to cheat, lie, and sometimes kill. Long before even human started to gain interest in studying human behaviors field such as theology, philosophy, and psychology focus was to explain human behavior. However, in the resent past, the development of scientific methods and tools scientists have put in place systematic procedures to be used in the study of human behavior. In this light, scholars and researcher have developed theories that tend to explain human behavior. This theories can be broadly be classified into, behavioral theories, cognitive theories, humanist theories, personality theories, ...

Introduction 2

Nature of Hurricanes/Cyclones 2
Variations of Hurricane Development 5
Considerations on Hurricane Response 10
Conclusion 11

References 12

Introduction
For the past couple of decades since the onset of the Industrial Revolution, scientists have slowly began a campaign to raise awareness to the changing state of the planet. Records of high temperature changes, onset of diseases and erratic weather patterns have been reported worldwide, each change becoming more severe as the years progress. When it comes to erratic weather patterns, scientists highlight the now common occurrences of natural disasters such as hurricanes or cyclones. Although skeptics stress that ...

Introduction

In the mouse and other mammalian species, the pool of primordial follicles becomes established during fetal or neonatal life (Oktay et al., 1995). Over the mammal’s lifespan, the follicles undergo growth and development, and eventually the initial reserve of follicles begins to diminish during the mammal’s midlife. Briefly, follicular cells move from a primordial phase, in which little DNA synthesis is taking place, to enter a primary and then secondary stage, in which the granulose cells undergo intense proliferation and high levels of DNA synthesis can be observed. Antral and post- ovulation stages follow (Oktay et al., 1995). Folliculogenesis ...

(Course/Major)
(Professor/Instructor)
(Location/Address)

Carbon Capture Technologies

Introduction
Aside from oil, coal is regarded as one of the most important fossil fuel resources being utilized in the global energy mix. However, the use of coal in power generation has resulted in serious air pollution around the world. The use of coal has resulted in the release of almost 14 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, with a majority of these pollutants emanating from power generation activities.
Carbon dioxide sequestration technologies seek to address the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that add to the growing problem of ...

Introduction

The topic of animal testing has been a debatable subject for quite a length of time. The determination of whether it is worth taking the life of an animal in a bid to treat any human disease has been surrounded by multiple ethical, social, legal as well as moral questions. The controversy between the arguments from both sides, those who support and those who oppose animal testing, has been aggravated by the fact that animal testing still remains a common practice in many laboratories across the world. The claims that some animals are similar to human beings have been proven wrong by several ...

Introduction

Steroids play a central role in enhancing human growth, development and normal health, since they take part in development of secondary sexual traits, reproduction, gene expression, neurological and cardiovascular functions and maturation among others. Accordingly, imbalances in the metabolic mechanisms of steroids in humans is associated with an array of health complications such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer among others. The foregoing underscores the importance of steroid profiling to establish its levels in humans, particularly in disease diagnosis, because it enables health professionals to understand a variety of steroid-related health conditions. For efficiency and accuracy, a good profiling method is ...

Section ____________________

Stoichiometric Data (For any reactants that are part of the balanced equation, base on the amounts measured in lab)
Figure 3-sulfolene
Figure IR spectrum for cis-4-Cyclopentant – 1,2 dicarboxylic acid anhydride
Figure from experiment in the text

NMR 1 from lab results endo norbornene-cis-5,6 dicarboxylic anhydride

Figure 2 from lab results the exo norbornene-cis-5,6 dicarboxylic anhydride (less stable)
Theoretical from http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/organic/pericyclic/p1_sigma.html

Discussion

Figure 1.The diene (1,3 butadiene) plus the ethane (sulfolene) produce a cyclohexene (either the endo or exo isomer depending on reaction conditions).
Figure 2. Under acidic conditions to sulfuric acid the endo isomer plus water form the less stable exo isomer
...

THE MICROSCOPE

The fundamental objectives of this report are to learn how to:
- handle and care about the microscope
- Identify various parts of the microscope such as the eye piece, arm, coarse adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob, base, nose piece, objective lenses, stage condenser, and Iris diagram.
- Define various terminologies used while using the microscope such as the total magnification, resolving power, working distance, parfocal and real and virtual images.
- And finally to observe stained slides of bacteria or the fungi.

RESULTS

Concerning how to care about the microscope, the following should be taken ...

ABSTRACT:

A plasmid DNA is an extra-small circular structure commonly found in bacteria which is capable of replicating by itself in the cell. These are used in genetic engineering as vehicles to carry and make copies of a particular gene which can produce desirable effect. In this report, we discuss the isolation and purification of DNA fromEGFP-LC3 plasmidusing a modified alkaline lysis method and QIAprep spin columns. The concentration of the isolated EGFP-LC3 plasmid DNA was found to be 82.868µg/ml. The ratio of ODs taken at A260nm/A280nm was found to be 5.314 which could be because improper washing step which has ...

Test Retest reliability of the ABL and Acusport in measuring resting

Exercise Bioenergetics

Resting and exercise blood lactate concentrations were measured in order to Test Retest the reliability of two measuring devices, the ABL and the Acusport. The purpose of the test was to prove the reliability of the results. The t-test and the Pearson’s product Correlation Coefficient were used in order to evaluate the experimental results. The t-test and the Peason’s product Correlation Coefficient calculations proved that the experimental test results from the trials of the ABL and Acusport measuring devices are reliable. The results will be reproducible if the experiments are done again.

Introduction

High quality evidence ...

LAB REPORT: ELISA PRACTICAL

Snakebites are clinically challenging because of the diversity of species and varying concentrations which impact the severity of envenoming on the victim. Other clinical problems can arise due to (a) unpredictable dose quality, (b) determination of appropriate dose, (c) local site of the snakebite and (d) route of injection (Warrell, 1996). The time that has elapsed from the snakebite event until presentation at hospital is the most important mortality-determining factor. The health status of the human victim is important for how local effects, systemic coagulopathy, and/or neurotoxicity exhibit (Warrell, 1996).

Intravenous doses are prepared from IgG of a single or multi- venom ...

INTRODUCTION

Proteins play an essential role in living cells. The basic forming units of those proteins are the amino acids which are made up of similar composition i.e. amine group, carboxyl group and a variable R-group. The laboratory tests to identify these amino acids work on identifying the variable R-groups that distinguishes each amino acid. It is very important to note that all amino acids with alpha-amino group turn purple ranging from pink to deep violet. Proline is the notable exception (only amino acids that turns bright yellow). Proline is the only one with its unique color. Other amino acids has ...

Introduction

Enzymes are protein whose main function is working as a catalyst for different reactions in the body. It only alters the rate of the reaction it being involved in the same reactions. There are several enzymes in the human body each having a specific reaction to catalyze. An example of an enzyme includes salivary Amylase. Salivary Amylase is an enzyme found in the human saliva. It catalyzes the break down of starch into oligosaccharides via the process of hydrolysis. Therefore, its main substrate is starch. Without this enzyme, this metabolism process would be completely slow. Since enzymes are proteins, their functions ...

Forensic evidence and probabilistic reasoning has recently become a significant aspect of criminal laws assessment. Consequently, this has expanded the analysis, prosecution, and hearings of the related criminal acts. However, these are accomplished in relation to forensic science evidence, which mostly entails DNA-related features produced by skilled witnesses. Therefore, it is important to ensure that every individual involved in unlawful adjudication is in a position to fully assess and comprehend forensic evidence appropriately.
Concerning the provided test and assessment, there is a positive correlation of the basic features of the sampled specimen under study. As observed from the osteological ...

at Rex Hill Winery

Management of Rex Hill Winery has been highly concerned about climate change. They have heard about the Solar Sprint campaign to go solar now before the federal tax credit expires at the end of 2016. They also knew about the other incentives available on installation of solar electrical systems. Considering environmental benefits, they desired to install a PV solar panel system at their property. However, they wished to take a final decision on the project based on a feasibility study. As Rex Hill’s consultant, I have been entrusted the job of preparation of a ...

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution to yield 4-Bromoacetanilide

Introduction
Halogenation is a common process in organic synthesis. It is used in industrial and research synthesis as halogenated compounds are used for numerous widely used goods, including plastics. The lab aimed to perform monohalogenation of acetanilide. The reaction is specific since it is performed without catalyst. The typical halogenation is realized in presence of Lewis acid. Halogens molecules are electrophilic, and do not actively react. In presence of Lewis acid, the interaction is rather active.2
The lab used catalyst-free halogenation. The acetanilide molecule contains the acylated amine. As a result, the electronic density is shifted towards the amine ...

Abstract

The phenomenon of apparent motion occurs when two stimuli are separated by a flash or a blank in which the brain creates the effect of movement. It can be compared to the effects of moving pictures, for example, in which a series of still photographs are put together in such a way that the image appears to be moving. The purpose of this research is to assess the phenomenon of apparent motion in terms of the interstimulus interval, the gap between two stimuli that most accurately conveys movement to the perceiver. The study used five different dot spacings, and ...