Synthesis College Essays Samples For Students

Abstract

The field of Nanoscience has evolved due to the other advancements in the other fields of study such as the Nanotechnology. While the latter is a subset of the former, there is credible evidence that points to the fact that Nanotechnology has been developed thanks to various areas such as biology, material science, engineering physics, chemistry and much more. It is the foundation on which the Magnetic Nanoparticles have been embedded. MNP is nanoparticle that has the magnetic manipulation ability.
Thus, this paper focuses on the study of the Magnetic Nanoparticles especially how they are formed or synthesized and ...

“Abstract”

Cholesterol plays a pivotal role in the fluidity of plasma membrane in cells. Evidence of cholesterol evolution from lanosterol suggests that cholesterol has little sensitivity to changes in temperature as opposed to lanosterol. Simulations also revealed that there is no ld-lo coexistence and 3-phase lines in lipid/lanosterol systems as opposed to lipid/cholesterol systems. The sterol also favors a strong interaction with lipids having saturated acyl chains (Miao et al.) which is a key factor in understanding and characterizing the lipid bilayer model. Based on surface potential measurements, cholesterol and ergosterol reduce the penetration of water into the lipid monolayer. Results revealed that excess ...

Gold Nanoparticles Article Summaries.

Original Article Summary: Turkevich, Stevenson, & Hillier, 1951.
In their 1951 article, Turkevich, Stevenson, and Hillier explore the nucleation processes and growth of colloidal gold nanoparticles during synthesis under different methods. The paper explores the standard preparation methods of colloidal gold which all use a nucleating agent which usually comprises reducing agents that later form a mixed polymer with a chloroauric ion before reduction to the nucleus occurs. The authors of this paper explore gold colloids synthesis methods such as Bredig’s electrical arc synthesis, the Faraday method, and reduction methods using acetone, tannin gold solution, oxalic acid, Hydroxylamine hydrochloride, ...

Introduction

The conversion of gas into liquid fuels is an innovative technology that is well-known to many people. This technique is so promising and enhancing new options for environmentally friendly manufacturing of fuels and chemicals as well as other natural gases. Looking into the large natural gas and coal reserves and deteriorating petroleum reserves all over the world, it is anticipated to play an important role in the future. Cobalt-based chemical agents are the ideal catalysts for hydrogen synthesis since they have a high FTS functionality, discernment for long-chain paraffin as well as a low process for the water-gas change ...

Introduction 3

Definition and background 3
Structure and properties of Artemisinin 4
Structure 4
Properties of Artemisinin 5
Synthesis of artemisinin 5
Activation of artemisinin 7
Mechanism of Artemisinin action in the body 8
Side effect 10
Conclusion 10

References 13

- Table of Figures
Figure 1: Structure of Artemisinin2 4
Figure 2: A synthetic strategy of chemical synthesis from cyclohexenone. 7,9,10 6
Figure 3: Reductive scission model: Homolytic mechanisms of bioactivation of the endoperoxide bridge of artemisinin and derivatives 8
Figure 4: Proposed mechanism for artemisinin mediated lipid ...

Assignment 2

PART A - (Total 15 marks)

Cephalexin and Gentamicin
The mechanism of action of amoxicillin is focused on the prevention of the synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall through the binding and inhibiting of the cell wall transpeptidases (Katzung, Masters, and Trevor, 2012). Specifically, it attaches to the penicillin-binding protein 1A found in the cell wall of bacteria. Then, the agent disintegrates the lactam ring to allow the acylation of the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain. The formation of the cross-link of the linear peptidoglycan strands is prevented by the inactivation of transpeptidases. Since the third and last stage ...

The Influence of Early Childhood Teachers’ Mental Health Literacy and Early Intervention for Special Needs Children: Methods

Introduction
In recent decades, it has become common knowledge that early childhood education is of fundamental importance to the overall development of all children, whether those children have developmental disabilities, are intellectually disadvantaged, or present with other special needs (Virmani et al., 2013; World Health Organisation, 2016; Kay-Lambkin, Kemp, Stafford & Hazell, 2007). However, despite the importance of early childhood education for all students, there are special requirements that must be met for students with special needs. Teaching special needs students in the early education classroom can be difficult for a plethora of reasons. The purpose of this discussion will ...

Chemistry can be described as the branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances.

The Mechanisms and Synthesis of Aspirin

Aspirin is also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). It is a salicylate drug used as an analgesic (something that relieves pain without producing anesthesia or loss of consciousness) for minor aches and pains, as an anti-inflammatory drug, and as an antipyretic to suppress fever. (Vane & Bottling 2000)
The name “Salicylic acid’ was derived from salix, which is the willow family of plants. In ancient ...

Introduction 

The client is a football player named Ola. He is 21 years old. He plays in a forward position at Tilbury football club. With a height of 5‘8“, he weighs 73 kg. He prefers to use his left foot while playing. His nationality is Angolan. An average footballer leads an active lifestyle, attending regular sessions of practice combined with 3 to 4 football matches per week. This high-intensity physical activity takes a toll on the muscles and therefore, as a footballer, Ola should follow a balanced diet consisting of high amounts of protein and carbohydrates followed by plenty of fluids and other nutrients ...

Ei-ichi Negeshi is a Nobel Prize winner in Organic Chemistry in 2010 for palladium catalyzed cross couplings in organic chemistry. The Nobel Prize for Organic Chemistry that he won is being shared to his other colleagues Richard Heck and Akira Suziki. Ei-ichi Negeshi is a Japanese citizen that was born in China. They transferred to Seoul, North Korea and experienced most of his childhood days in Korea then later they transferred to Japan
Accordingly, Negeshi’s motivation in developing his self-discipline as a student happened when he experienced being in the123rd place in their classroom. He then realized that, if he ...

Question 1

For succinate oxidation to fumarate there is yield of 2H+ and 2 electrons; however, the process of the reaction skips one step thereby leading to 2 ATP. The resulting FADH2 electrons skips the first stage of oxidative phosphorylation by moving into the electron transport chain located in CoQ. This can be illustrated as NADH -> CoQH2. Consequently, there is 2 ATP forming stages found in the electron chain from CoQ to O2 used in this course (Schwender et al, 50). Indifferent to the first scenario, oxidation of malate to produce oxaloacetate results to NADH, with production of 2H+ and ...

Question 1

FAD is reduced to FADH2 in Succinate oxidation to fumarate through catalytic action of succinate dehydrogenase. The resulting FADH2 electrons skips the first stage of oxidative phosphorylation by moving into the electron transport chain located in CoQ. This can be illustrated as NADH -> CoQH2. Consequently, there is 2 ATP forming stages found in the electron chain from CoQ to O2 used in this course (Schwender et al, 50). Indifferent to the first scenario, oxidation of malate to produce oxaloacetate results to NADH consequently, the NADH produced electrons completes its movement in 3 ATP forming steps associated with chain ...

Mid-Term

Cope
Bloom’s Taxonomy in Mathematics Teaching
Bloom’s and Anderson’s Taxonomy
This paper discusses a brief history and background of the original Bloom’s taxonomy established in 1956 and the revised Bloom’s taxonomy by Anderson et al. in 2002. It attempts to explore how the taxonomy of learning in the cognitive domain is applied in a specific teaching field such as Mathematics.
In 1956, Benjamin Bloom headed a committee of educators to establish a systematic hierarchy in classifying educational objectives. They published their findings in a book, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals (Bloom ...

Kant’s Philosophy Consciousness of Self and Mind

Despite the fact that Kant stood for the view that consciousness and mind was not part of his area of philosophy, his ideas would still be influential. According to Brook (2008), the ideas that Kant stood by are now part of the cognitive science.
It is argued that Kant’s perspective of mind and his idealism perspectives go hand-in-hand, a phenomenon that is labeled as transcendental idealism. Yet it has also been argued that some points that he held about the mind could be well separated from the idealism point of view. There are three notions that comprehensively define ...

Introduction

For the purposes of this genre analysis, I chose to examine the letter to the editor as a genre of writing. The concept of letters to the editor has always fascinated me; I have a tremendous amount of respect for those who follow news and editorial stories, and have a rebuttal or show of support for them. It is an interesting and fascinating way for people to express themselves and engage in a dialogue with those who provide them with their information and insight. It is for this purpose that I examine the style, art and purpose of letters to the editor.

In ...

Historical research refers to an objective and systematic location as well as evaluation of evidence in establishment of facts and drawing of conclusions on matters relating to the past events. This therefore involves a critical inquiry and probe of pat events in order to develop representations which are reliable for future reference as well as formulation of faithful representations. Historical research therefore entails studying sources and other documents related to the topic of study in order to find the relevant facts and policies as well as applying them in retrieving more information relating to the topic of study. This helps ...

Major Achievements in Biology

Researchers and scientists are always intrigued by biological processes and activities, and strive to utilize them for benefit of mankind. Antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and several therapeutic agents, high yielding as well as disease tolerant plants and animals are all results of extensive research in the fields of cell and molecular biology, immunology, biotechnology and genetic engineering. Treatment to several diseases, even genetic disorders are available today only due to breakthrough discoveries in biology. Three such important discoveries are revelation of structure of ribosomes through X-ray crystallography, identification of tumor specific antigens (TSA) expressed on the surface of cancer ...

Paper Due Date

Introduction
Considerable research attention has been given to the problems that mentally ill individuals face in getting and keeping jobs. See, for example, Cook et al. (2007) and Gilbride et al, 2003. Little research, on the other hand, concerns outcomes for such individuals once they are employed. Job stress can affect any job holder. Does a history of mental illness or a current condition exacerbate the stress? Are individuals with a background of mental illness more vulnerable to job stress than colleagues without such a background? These are important questions for those of us who are part of the population with a history ...

(City, State)

Introduction

A balanced diet refers to the food intake, which incorporates all the dietary needs of an organism in the right proportions. This is unlike the adequate diet, which includes the energy that is sufficient energy for the need of an individual. A balanced diet, therefore, includes both sufficient energy as well as all the dietary requirements that are needed by an individual at the right proportion. The main components that make up a balanced diet include carbohydrate, proteins, vitamins, fats, dietary fiber, water and minerals. Carbohydrates as a source of nutrients in the body are usually broken down through ...

A synthesis

A synthesis
Pretext The United States of America is a more than a nation. Millions of aspiring businessmen, engineers, doctors, students and others visit America every year with a dream to settle and make a great living. Similarly, Spanish immigrants have been living in America for several past decades; their population and significance in the business culture of the nation is increasing day by day. Naturally, there is a clash of languages when immigrants have to deal with English rather than Espanol (Spanish). This synthesis essay deals with the very issue of bilingualism and its effects on certain classes of people in America. ...

INTRODUCTION

Originality in an assignment means performing one’s own work; not relying overmuch on outside sources or previously established information. There is a difference between a review and an original work – in a review, you are merely reassembling and reorganizing already discovered information; there is no new topic to broach. However, in the instance of original works, you are contributing something new to your discipline (Cohen, 2007). When performing an assignment, you can achieve originality through coming up with your own unique idea for which there is no precedent, and executing it publicly to establish that you pursued this line of reasoning ...

Colorectal cancer can be treated to remission when it is detected early. This underscores the importance of screening for colorectal cancer (Miller et al., 2011). There is an increased incentive for screening for colorectal cancer considering that colorectal cancer ranks fourth among the top causes death for non-cutaneous cancers and an even higher second rank when all cancers are considered. Even with these incentives for compliance with screening protocols, Miller et al., (2011) finds that the compliance rates are still low and attributes it to several factors.
These findings that are corroborated by Hernandez, Chowdhury, Fleming & Griffith, (2011) who ...

1.
Biofuels are fuels in the gaseous or liquid form and can be rapidly regenerated from sources like crops, plants and municipal waste. Existing biofuels are generated from carbohydrates such as sugar and starch (wheat and sugarcane crops). Existing biofuels, such as ethanol, have a lesser energy content (volumetric energy density) relative to conventional hydrocarbon fuels natural gas and petroleum . Furfural and Levulinic acid are molecules that can be obtained from biomass and converted into biofuels. Levulinic acid can be synthesized in greater amounts (>70%) from inedible hexose bio-polymers such as cellulose, which is a polymer of glucose ...

Manganese

What function does it perform, in critical metabolic events in human biology?
Manganese acts as a co-factor to nearly all classes of enzymes such as hydrolases (phosphohydrolase), transferases (phosphotransferase), ligases, lyases, oxido-reductases, kinases and decarboxylase. It also helps in the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, proteoglycans and glycoproteins. It can also mediate reactions as a metalloenzyme (Medeiros & Wildman, 2015; Gropper & Smith, 2013). While manganese can be replaced by magnesium in some of the catalytic reactions, two reactions in the synthesis of connective tissue pathway, namely, the activation of xylosyl transferase and glycosyl transferase or galactosyl transferase, are specifically manganese–dependent. These ...

In the early years like in the 1800s onwards, education was only for the rich and everyone within the poverty line is concern of survival. This synthesis paper will provide accurate information about the situation of community college in the US and all the factors that affects it. This paper aims to reach out to everyone involved in this matter, meaning everyone. Education is a right and should never be denied to anyone. The establishment of community colleges along the country is a cure for so many nation crises like high unemployment rate, juvenile delinquents, minority death rate, drug ...

Introduction

Philosophy aims at creating a better understanding of life, nature, matter, God, and whole universe to us. The paper discusses the three aspects of philosophy such as metaphysics, epistemology, and political philosophy in terms of the theoretical framework laid down by prominent philosophers. The paper includes my own ideas regarding these aspects and also critically evaluates my ideals and the ideals of the philosophers so as to understand the distinction between both forms of ideas.

1. Metaphysics

Metaphysics aims at exploring the reality of everything in this universe and countless theories and sub-categories have developed over the ...

- The stromal cells that are found in the developing gonads of tetrapods begin from the medulla from the peritoneal wall and the cortex from inter-renal blastema or mesonephric. Hence the gonads have a dual origin.
- Spermatogenesis occurs in a syncytial complex because it involves the formation of sperm from undifferentiated cells that are first attached to rachis. Syncytial cell complex or syncytium result when cells with single nuclei fuse to for a cell with nucleus. Syncytial cell complex is vital in oogenesis in that it assists in the differentiation of cells. One other developmental model is vitellogenesis.
- ...

- Describe the role of the following in protein synthesis - DNA, nucleotides, RNA, ribosomes, rough ER, and Golgi apparatus.
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a double stranded hereditary molecule containing the genetic code from which specific protein molecules are synthesized. First step in protein synthesis is synthesis of single stranded complementary RNA. RNA also contains all the components of DNA except a ribose sugar. Special RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message to ribosomes. Under mRNA’s direction, transfer RNA (tRNA) delivers amino acids to ribosomes and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) attaches each amino acid to form the final ...

Abstract:

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is hereditary material found in most organisms and carries the genetic information required to build and maintain a living organism. DNA was first discovered in the late 1800's, but it was not until scientists unraveled its structure in the 1950s that its importance in genetics and the whole field of biological sciences became realized. This paper assesses the structure, history and applications of DNA into solving real world problems in medicine, agriculture, biochemical research and forensics. DNA can replicate itself which ensures that genetic information and consequently biological traits can be passed on from one generation to ...

The marketing department is crucial to the operation of the business. Therefore, computers in the marketing department will be secured through deployment of anti-malware programs, intrusion detection and prevention systems, firewalls and use of security policies. Access policies will be tailor made to control who uses the computers. Sales force comprises of the sales department personnel. Because most of the time these users are telecommuting, their computers and laptops must be secured. External users will be authenticated before they are allowed to connect to the company resources. The administrator will check external laptops given to the sales force to ...

- Chemistry of Cholesterol
C27H45OH is the molecular formula of cholesterol. The molecules consist of three regions: a hydrocarbon tail, a hydroxyl group, and a a ring structure region with 4 hydrocarbon rings.
The solubility of the hydroxyl group in water can be attributed to its polar nature. The 4-ring region that also comprises cholesterol is a common ring in all steroids. The rings have a carbon atom at each corner with two hydrogen atoms that extend off the ring. That is why it is called a hydrocarbon ring. The ring region and the tail region cannot dissolve in water, as they are both ...

William Carlos Williams

William Carlos Williams has always been known as an experimenter, an innovator, a revolutionary figure in American poetry. Yet in comparison to artists of his own time who sought a new environment for creativity as expatriates in Europe, Williams lived a remarkably conventional life. A doctor for more than forty years serving the New Jersey town of Rutherford, he relied on his patients, the America around him, and his own ebullient imagination to create a distinctively American verse. Often domestic in focus and "remarkable for its empathy, sympathy, its muscular and emotional identification with its subjects," Williams's poetry is also characteristically honest: "There ...

The synthesis paper on Human rights article that I earlier submitted had errors that I would like to correct and explain on how I arrived at the corrections. The main errors were mainly centered in the quotations, voice-markers and reminder phrases. This synthesis paper comprised a summary and highlighting of commonalities in the three articles namely “A long Overdue”, “Student Killings” and “The Cruel Trade”. The three articles dwelled on issues that touch on Human Rights. Human trafficking, right to fair trial and right to life are some of the human rights issues that have been tackled prominently. “A Long ...

Research Question

Polystyrene is a very commonly-used material in the food and consumer electronic packaging industries. This paper will revolve around the research question “can polystyrene have other uses aside from its common uses?” The HIPS will be of particular importance here because much of the paper will revolve around the use of HIPS, how it is used, and how it differs from typical polystyrene. HIPS, which stands for High Impact Polystyrene is used in the research and development and manufacture of mechanical prototypes and other tools that are often subjected to high impact environments, stress, and tension. It is one of ...

Introduction

Coal is a very cheap and abundant provision of energ. In fact, it is the most abundant fuel in the United States; U.S. has the highest coal reserve in the world, with up to 25% of the known world coal present in America and being mined in 26 out of the U.S. 50 states (fe.doe.gov, 2013). However, this abundant energy is seldom used because it is a very dirty energy. According to Hong & Slatick (1994), up to 204.3 pounds of carbon dioxide per million Btu is emitted when coal having 78% carbon content is completely burned to attain a ...

Writing on a complex problem like adult learning can itself be a complex process. An adult student’s cultural literacy is formed over a lifetime of experiences with the written word and encompasses their expectations, their goals, and their understanding of their relationship to the broader world. It is no surprise, then, that I faced several challenges as I began to explore this issue and its impact on the educational experience. Being able to explain a complex concept to others requires you to first reach a complete understanding of the topic—no small task in itself, when faced with ...

Introduction

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are vital reactions in living organisms since without the two; there would be no life on earth. Cellular respiration involves a set of metabolic reactions that take place in cells of living organisms thereby converting nutrients like sugar into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Osterhoudt & Barhydt, 2010). On the other hand, photosynthesis involves the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds by the photoautotroph in the presence of sunlight. Most animals attain their energy requirements through cellular respiration while on the other hand; photosynthesis is performed by most plants that can make their food. These two reactions ...

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A cell is a form of the miniature factory that encloses a distinct chemical system that is involved in structural maintenance, homeostasis, energy generation and reproduction. Every organism is made of these structural living units. The cell divides and produces more cells and assists in the growth of the organism. There are two types of cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are characterised by a membrane-bound nucleus enclosing the genetic material. The Eukaryotic cells can be divided into three main parts, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus (Cooper & ...

Summary, Analysis, Synthesis

Suzanne Sievert writes an interesting article on how the adults deprive the children of their motivation and curb their spirit of competitiveness by not offering them the chance to win. When the 5-year-old boy of the author discovers that there is no winner for the pumpkin-decorating contest at his school, he gets discouraged and is dissatisfied. After all, he was immensely proud of his entry and wanted to know what the judges think about his entry as compared to other children. The judges would sure have faced a tough time selecting a winner among a creative bunch of pumpkins ...

Abstract

Adsorption differs from absorption and activated clays are one of the most effective adsorbents in nature. The adsorbing action of activated clay is a selective adsorption process. Due to its effectiveness, activated clay has wide applications such as cleaning up oil spills and adsorbing dyes. Zeolite made up of silicon, aluminum and oxygen is also an adsorber, and it can be synthesized. Synthesis simply increases its pore or cavity sizes and makes it hydrophobic. Zeolites are selective adsorbers because of their unique pore sizes. Zeolites are used in removing heavy metals such as zinc, iron, copper, chromium and so ...

Summary

Supported on carbon particles using the high energy electron beam
Yuji Ohkubo, Masashi Shibata, Satoru Kageyama, Satoshi Seino, Takashi Nakagawa,Junichiro Kugai, Takao A. Yamamoto (2011) in their study of the Radiation-induced synthesis of Au–Pd nanoparticles of random alloy structure supported on carbon particles using the high energy electron beam found that Au-pd particle of ca 5-nm dispersed well on the carbon surface with ca. 30-nm without a significant agglomeration. Upon adding citric acid to the original solution, the resulting high pH was effective in the formation of alloy structures from the resulting bimetallic nanoparticles.
Using the irradiation ...

Abstract

Proteins are made up of amino acids and have major structural as well as functional roles in the body. Amino acid chains are synthesized from DNA sequences through transcription and translation. Proteins become fully functional only after co-translational or post-translational modification of the amino acid side chains and folding into appropriate three-dimensional conformations. Even slight changes in the DNA code could drastically alter the protein folding, alter its functioning, and eventually lead to certain diseases. Inherent cellular repair mechanisms, protein degradation pathways and molecular facilitators such as chaperones try to keep proteins in their native, stable conformation by acting ...

Consumption of 17g of arginine for two weeks has been found to enhance collagen production, according to a recent study (Crowe & Brockbank, 2009). But, what is a wound? Brown (2013) suggests that wounds are injuries on tissues or the skin, and are prominent in bony areas. Various factors contribute to the development of wounds, but this paper will evaluate the role of calorie malnutrition. This paper examines how high calorie diet promotes wound healing.
Enteral and oral nutritional support is of vital significance according to Crowe and Brockbank (2009). A randomized study that was centered on arginine analyzed how nutritional ...

Summary and Annotation

Putting Walden’s philosophy and that of Henry David Thoreau, it is easy to notice the interconnectedness of their philosophies and their practicality. Both use metaphors that in the end become a philosophic system. Walden speaks about the relationship between man and his environment. Thoreau on the other hand demonstrates that human beings can overcome struggle that exists between the self and the society but then, nothing can be trusted if proof is not offered, “No way of thinking or doing, however ancient, can be trusted without proof.”(Hamby 1). These try to bring out meaning of the inherent things ...

Part A

How Enzymes Act As Protein Catalysts in Biochemical Processes
Catalysis refers to the speeding up of a chemical reaction by a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction but does not undergo a permanent chemical change in the process. Enzymes are catalysts whose building blocks are amino acids: they are proteins. Enzymes also exhibit a defined three-dimensional structure. In addition, they have a cleft on their surface called active site. The active site is the region where substrate interactions take place. Enzymes play important roles in fructose metabolism. The first step of fructose metabolism in the liver is the phosphorylation of ...

Stars begin their lives from molecular clouds or nebula of gases and dust. These gases and dusts exert forces to each other that make them want to move farther away from each other while at the same time there is gravity that attracts them together into a small space within the nebula. The chemistry which starts the star’s life begins when gravity starts winning in the war between the two aforementioned opposing forces. As gravity pulls the dust and clouds together it begins to accumulate mass and a swirling motion typical to a spinning disc. At its center are dusts (NH3, ...

Genetic Correlates and Pathophysiology of Hyperthyroidism: An Overview of salient aspects

Introduction
Disturbances in thyroid haemostasis can occur at the level of the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland itself or in the periphery. By definition, hyperthyroidism refers to disorders in which the principal abnormality is the overproduction of thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland. (Elston & Conaglen, 2005) This overproduction can have diverse determinants including auto-immunity, hereditary factors, familial predisposition, and perhaps, some other less understood factors. Regardless of etiology, the result is an increase in transcription in cellular proteins, causing an increase in the basal metabolic rate. The predominant cause of hyperthyroidism is Grave’s disease. Other less common ...

DREAMS

Dream is a natural physiologic process of being in a condition with the minimum level of brain activity and lowered reaction at the environment. It is a subsequence of images that can be remembered by a human. First experience of rational interpretation of dreams refers to III-I millennium BC applied by such Greek philosophers as Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Artemidorus and others.
But the initial attempt to create a systematic psychological theory of dreams belongs to an Austrian psychologist, psychiatrist and neurologist Sigmund Freud who described this theory in his book “The interpretation of dreams” (1999). He distinguished between the manifest and latent contents ...

The work analyzed within the framework of this assignment is “Synthesis of magneto‑sensitive iron‑containing nanoparticles by yeasts” prepared by Vainshtein M., Belova N., Kulakovskaya T., Suzina N. and Sorokin V. It is dedicated to study of forming magneto-sensitive nanoparticles in the conditions of applied magnetic fields. In particular, the stimulation role of magnetic fields is investigated and tested. As a result, the works allows us to see results of magneto-sensitive nanoparticles biosynthesis by the help of yeasts.

Summary of the Methods and Achievements of the Work Reported

The second species considered, S. cerevisiae SUF was incubated using the medium with Fe(II)SO4 × 7H2O, 0.05. Inoculum took place ...

Abstract

The primary aim of anticancer therapies is to induce the death of tumor cells. Cisplatin has done a good job in achieving this aim, which explains why it is the most commonly used adjuvant therapy of cancers. However, the success of applying CDDP and any other platinum compounds for cancer chemotherapy depends enormously on the ability to manage its side effects. This paper reviews the studies and literatures on cisplatin and some other similar platinum compounds. It presents its history and background, chemistry, mechanism of activity, as well as the side effects.

Introduction

The cisplatin has been described as a tiny little ...

Genetic Correlates and Pathophysiology of Hyperthyroidism: An Overview of salient aspects

Introduction
Disturbances in thyroid haemostasis can occur at the level of the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland itself or in the periphery. By definition, hyperthyroidism refers to disorders in which the principal abnormality is the overproduction of thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland. This overproduction can have diverse determinants including auto-immunity, hereditary factors, familial predisposition, and perhaps, some other less understood factors. Regardless of etiology, the result is an increase in transcription in cellular proteins, causing an increase in the basal metabolic rate. The predominant cause of hyperthyroidism is Grave’s disease. Other less common causes include Thyroiditis, ...

Investigating the Functions of Proteins

The steps made so far in the process of gene mapping has opened up ways in which more studies are done on the human DNA. ENCODE and Genome researchers have so far sequenced more than 90 genomes. With the understanding of genes and their loci, it has been easier to locate and carry out studies on a single gene. Most genes code for various proteins in the body of an organism; it has become paramount that the roles of these genes be identified and prescribed out. The knowledge of the functions of each gene, or the protein it codes for, ...

Alexander III of Macedon or Alexander the Great, the mighty king of Macedonia and conqueror of the Persian Empire was born on July, 356 B.C. to Philip II, the King of Macedon, and Olympias, the princess of Epirus. Long before becoming a young, but already great military leader, who has not only united the Greek states, but also subdued numerous peoples of the East and South, thus, rightfully gaining the name of the King of Babylon, King of Asia, King of the Four Quarters of the World, Alexander received a profound education from the philosopher Aristotle, who is nowadays considered one ...

Abanades, J., Rubin, E., & Anthony, E. (2004, March 26). Sorbent Cost and Performance in CO2 Capture Systems - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (ACS Publications) . I&EC Research. Retrieved October 1, 2013, from http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie049962v
Power plants are usually advised to apply Carbon dioxide capture in the final storage as an alleviation option to climate changes. Various carbon dioxide captures concepts apply sorption and desorption cycle as a method of separating Carbon dioxide from flue gas as well as oxygen from air. However, it is required that all carbon capturing processes must be in a position to handle the massive flow of carbon ...

Q. What type of chemical bond do you believe connects the atoms of Graphene? Why?

A. A Graphene sheet is essentially a one layer thick graphite structure, an allotrope of carbon that forms hexagonal rings. The bonding in atoms of Graphene is essentially a covalent bond between carbon atoms. Each of the carbon atoms present in Graphene shares its valence electrons with three other carbon atoms forming a triple directional bond pattern on each carbon atom. This creates hexagonal ring like structures that constitute the two dimensional lattice of Graphene.
Q. Based on what you have learned in this chapter about the properties of water, why is that water is able to permeate "pass through" Graphene?
...

Article Review

IBS or commonly referred to as irritable bowel syndrome affects around 20% of the population. The symptoms of this disease are abdominal and intestinal irritants that result from undigested carbohydrates, fats, excess production of bile and inflammation. This alters the mucosal cavity permeability that results in inflammation causing irritation and pain in the intestines. The transit of feces from one part of the intestines to the other is altered making it difficult to maintain a regular discharge routine. The article tries to identify the diagnosis process of the disease, the mechanisms that cause the syndrome, consequences and signs and symptoms ...

The earth’s atmosphere can be defined as a series of progressively arranged “shells” or “spheres” held to its position by the force of gravity. Just to mention, the earth’s atmosphere exerts pressure to the earth’s surface which is referred to as the atmospheric pressure. In addition, the earth’s atmosphere covers a region of about 480 kilo meters around the earth’s surface after which exists the exosphere. Also, the earth’s atmosphere is further divided into heterosphere and homospere. Homospere is the layer 80 kilo meters just above the earth’s surface that has a uniform chemical composition ...

The principles of teaching and learning dictate that nursing tutors should employ Bloom’s taxonomy to set objectives used for assessment and evaluation of the learners (Gaberson & Oermann, 2010). Bloom’s taxonomy in cognitive domain entails knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation (Billings & Halstead, 2015). The set objectives are as follows;

Knowledge

List scientific strategies and arithmetic research principles applied in practical healthcare services.
Mention the possible interventions towards mitigating various diseases.
Comprehension
Explain precautions taken while treating viral diseases.
Describe ethical principles required to ensure clinical excellence in nursing.
Application
Prepare a well-organized history of the patient to ...

Synthetic biology is the latest trend that integrates biology with engineering. It deals with the making of biological molecules or systems that does not natural in the biological world. These molecules or system that are constructed, help to complement natural biological systems and help in performing particular biological task (Khalil and Collins 367-379). A simple example of synthetic biology would be manipulation of bacteria through recombinant technologies to produce recombinant protein. A vast number of applications are possible with synthetic biology. With the advancement that are currently happening in the area of bioinformatics, it is possible to reprogram human ...

The main decision that led to the development of this paper was upon realizing how the young generation takes education for granted in the present era. The high number of school dropouts each year and the increasing rate of unemployment in the country because of the lack of highly skilled people to handle professional careers is scaring. The paper discusses complexities in the learning sector especially those associated with adult learning. Many people who dropped from schools or never took education seriously during their teenage start looking for those opportunities during adulthood. However, these people experience major challenges because ...